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Liu J, Han D, Xuan J, Xie J, Wang W, Zhou Q, Chen K. COP9 signalosome complex is a prognostic biomarker and corresponds with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5264-5287. [PMID: 38466642 PMCID: PMC11006475 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common deadly tumors but still lacks specific biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment guidance. The COP9 signalosome (COPS) is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin conjugation pathway upregulated in various cancers. We evaluated the contributions of COPS subunits to HCC tumorigenesis and their utility for prognosis. We comprehensively evaluated the tumor expression pattern and tumorigenic functions of COPS subunits using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Human Protein Atlas and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, ROC curve, and nomogram analyses were used to assess the predictive values of COPS subunits for clinical outcome. Expression levels of COPS subunits were significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, which predicted shorter overall survival (OS). Further, Cox regression analysis identified COPS5, COPS7B, and COPS9 as independent prognostic biomarkers for OS. High mutation rates were also found in COPS subunits. Functional network analysis indicated that COPS and neighboring genes regulate 'protein neddylation', 'protein deneddylation', and 'protein ubiquitination'. The COPS PPI included strong interactions with p53, CUL1/2/3/4, and JUN. Moreover, the correlations between COPS subunit expression levels and tumor immune cell infiltration rates were examined using TIMER, TISIDB, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE packages. COPS subunits expression levels were positively correlated with specific tumor immune cell infiltration rates, immunoregulator expression levels, and microsatellite instability in HCC. Finally, knockout of COPS6 and COPS9 in HCC cells reduced while overexpression enhanced proliferation rate and metastasis capacity. Our study revealed that COPS potential biomarker for unfavorable HCC prognosis and indicators of immune infiltration, tumorigenicity, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dexing Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Xuan
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Science, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
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Zhou H, Sun W, Zou J. Analysis of expression profiles and prognostic value of COP9 signalosome subunits for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:803. [PMID: 34630710 PMCID: PMC8477071 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been associated with poor prognosis, due to its strong invasive ability and resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to identify effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. COP9 signalosome (COPS) regulates numerous cancer-associated biological processes in various malignancies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between COPS and HNSCC. The mRNA expression profiles of COPS in HNSCC were analyzed using UALCAN, Oncomine and UCSC Xena databases. The association between overall survival time in patients with HNSCC and the COPS genes was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. The CERES score was obtained and evaluated to determine the importance of the COPS genes for survival of the HNSCC cell lines. Functional analysis for Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and GSEA software, respectively. After knocking down COPS5 and COPS6, cell Counting Kit-8 and wound healing assays were used to detect cell growth and migration of the CAL27 and SCC25 cell lines, respectively. Among the 10 COPS genes examined, most COPS subunits were upregulated in HNSCC samples compared with that in normal tissues, except for COPS9. Increased mRNA expression level of COPS5, COPS6, COPS7B, COPS8 and COPS9 was associated with TNM stage in patients with HNSCC. High mRNA expression level of COPS2, COPS5, COPS6, COPS7A, COPS7B, COPS8 and COPS9 had prognostic significance of patients with HNSCC. Knockdown of COPS5 and COPS6 inhibited cell growth and migration of the CAL27 and SCC25 cell lines. The results from the present study suggested that COPS subunits could be potential biomarkers in patients with HNSCC. COPS5 and COPS6 were important for cell survival and migration of the HNSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaruan Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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