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Xiao J, Niu L, Tong Z, Jin S, Wang X, Liu X, Xiao C, Fan H. Chemical acylation of pea protein isolate hydrolysate with fatty acid N-hydroxysuccinimide esters: Effect on structure and functional properties. Food Chem 2024; 443:138495. [PMID: 38277937 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Applications of pea protein in the food industry have been greatly restricted by its poor functional properties. In order to solve this problem, a novel technique combining enzymatic hydrolysis and fatty acid acylation has been applied in this work to construct a pea protein-fatty acid covalent complex that aims to improve its functional properties. The processed pea protein with increased water solubility tends to decrease the chance of self-aggregation. Additionally, emulsifying and antioxidant properties have also been found after this process. On top of that, the modified pea protein has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that these properties were mainly caused by the acylation of the amino group from hydrolyzed pea protein and the carboxyl group from the fatty acid. The enzymatic hydrolysis/fatty acid acylation research provides insights into manufacturing high-quality functional lipoproteins from inexpensive pea protein for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Li Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zongbo Tong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Shuxiu Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Huafang Fan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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2
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Liao P, He C. Azole reagents enabled ligation of peptide acyl pyrazoles for chemical protein synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7965-7974. [PMID: 38817582 PMCID: PMC11134319 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) has been playing an increasingly important role in chemical protein synthesis (CPS). More efficient ligation methods that circumvent the requirement of a peptidyl thioester and thiol additive-which allow the following desulfurization or refolding in one pot-are urgently needed for the synthesis of more complex protein targets and in large quantities. Herein, we discover that the weak acyl donor peptidyl N-acyl pyrazole can be activated by azole reagents like 3-methylpyrazole or imidazole to facilitate its ligation directly with an N-terminal cysteine peptide. As it requires no thioester or thiol additive, this ligation strategy can be conveniently combined with metal-free desulfurization (MFD) or oxidative protein folding to allow various one-pot protocols. The utility and generality of the strategy are showcased by the total synthesis of ubiquitin via an N-to-C sequential ligation-MFD strategy, the semi-synthesis of the copper protein azurin, and the efficient assembly of a sulfated hirudin variant and the cyclotide kalata B1, all in a one-pot fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chunmao He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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3
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Handore KL, Lu H, Park H, Xiong Q, Batey RA. Synthesis of N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters, N-Acylsaccharins, and Activated Esters from Carboxylic Acids Using I 2/PPh 3. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38805361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A method for the syntheses of isolable, active esters is described in which carboxylic acids are treated with triphenylphosphine, iodine, and triethylamine. Active esters accessible in this way include N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (N-(acyloxy)phthalimides), N-acylsaccharins, pentafluorophenol esters, pentachlorophenol esters, N-hydroxybenzotriazole esters, and hexafluoro-2-propanol esters. The approach can be similarly applied toward the formation of N-acylsaccharins and N-acylimidazoles. The method is suitable for the formation of isolable active esters of aromatic and aliphatic activated acids as well as α-amino acid derivatives. These products are widely used reagents in organic synthesis, peptide synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology (e.g., for bioconjugations). The method has broad substrate scope, uses simple and inexpensive reagents, avoids the use of carbodiimides or other coupling agents, and occurs at room temperature. Additionally, the diastereomers of compound Boc-Ala-NHCHPh are demonstrated to be distinguishable by 1H NMR (in DMSO-d6), allowing for a straightforward NMR method to establish the degree of racemization of activated esters of Boc-Ala or amide bond formations using Boc-Ala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor L Handore
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Heyuan Lu
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hyeongbin Park
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Qingyu Xiong
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Batey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Ludwig BA, Forbes CR, Zondlo NJ. N-Terminal Proline Editing for the Synthesis of Peptides with Mercaptoproline and Selenoproline: Mechanistic Insights Lead to Greater Efficiency in Proline Native Chemical Ligation. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:536-550. [PMID: 38324914 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL) at proline has been limited by cost and synthetic access. In addition, prior examples of NCL using mercaptoproline have exhibited stalling of the reaction after thioester exchange, due to inefficient S → N acyl transfer. Herein, we develop methods, using inexpensive Boc-4R-hydroxyproline, for the solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing N-terminal 4R-mercaptoproline and 4R-selenoproline. The synthesis proceeds via proline editing on the N-terminus of fully synthesized peptides on the solid phase, converting an N-terminal Boc-4R-hydroxyproline to the 4S-bromoproline, followed by an SN2 reaction with potassium thioacetate or selenobenzoic acid. After cleavage from the resin and deprotection, peptides with functionalized N-terminal proline amino acids were obtained. NCL reactions with mercaptoproline proceeded slowly under standard NCL conditions, with the S-acyl transthioesterification intermediate observed as a major species. Computational investigations indicated that the bicyclic intermediates and transition states for S → N acyl transfer are sufficiently low in energy (10-15 kcal mol-1 above starting material) that ring strain cannot explain the slow S → N acyl transfer. Instead, the bicyclic zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate has a low barrier for reversion to the S-acyl intermediate, causing reversion to the thioester (reverse reaction) to occur preferentially over elimination to generate the amide (forward reaction). We hypothesized that a buffer capable of general acid and/or general base catalysis could promote S → N acyl transfer and thus achieve greater efficiency in proline NCL. In the presence of 2 M imidazole at pH 6.8, NCL with mercaptoproline proceeded efficiently to generate the peptide with a native amide bond. NCL with selenoproline also proceeded efficiently to generate the desired products when a thiophenol thioester was employed as a ligation partner. After desulfurization or deselenization, the products obtained were identical to those synthesized directly, confirming that the solid-phase proline editing reactions proceeded stereospecifically and without epimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christina R Forbes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Neal J Zondlo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Mudráková B, Marcia de Figueiredo R, Campagne JM, Šebesta R. Asymmetric tandem conjugate addition and reaction with carbocations on acylimidazole Michael acceptors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:881-888. [PMID: 37346500 PMCID: PMC10280057 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present here a stereoselective tandem reaction based on the asymmetric conjugate addition of dialkylzinc reagents to unsaturated acylimidazoles followed by trapping of the intermediate zinc enolate with carbocations. The use of a chiral NHC ligand provides chiral zinc enolates in high enantiomeric purities. These enolates are reacted with highly electrophilic onium compounds to afford densely substituted acylimidazoles. DFT calculations helped to understand the reactivity of the zinc enolates derived from acylimidazoles and allowed their comparison with metal enolates obtained by other conjugate addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigita Mudráková
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Radovan Šebesta
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Organic Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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6
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Adoff H, Halls VS, Holland E, Lobingier B, Arttamangkul S. Ligand-directed labeling of opioid receptors for covalent attachment of fluorophores or small-molecule probes. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102231. [PMID: 37104091 PMCID: PMC10154970 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes endogenous labeling of opioid receptors (ORs) using a ligand-directed reagent, naltrexamine-acylimidazole compounds (NAI-X). NAI acts by guiding and permanently tagging a small-molecule reporter (X)-such as fluorophores or biotin-to ORs. Here we detail syntheses and uses of NAI-X for OR visualization and functional studies. The NAI-X compounds overcome long-standing challenges in mapping and tracking endogenous ORs as the labeling can be done in situ with live tissues or cultured cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Arttamangkul et al.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Adoff
- Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Victoria S Halls
- Medicinal Chemistry Core Facility, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emily Holland
- Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Braden Lobingier
- Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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7
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Deng L, Zhang C, Li B, Fu J, Zhang Z, Li S, Zhao X, Su Z, Hu C, Yu Z. Photo-induced defluorination acyl fluoride exchange as a fluorogenic photo-click reaction for photo-affinity labeling. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3630-3641. [PMID: 37006673 PMCID: PMC10056068 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-click chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for revolutionizing bioconjugation technologies in pharmacological and various biomimetic applications. However, enriching the photo-click reactions to expand the bioconjugation toolkit remains challenging, especially when focusing on spatiotemporal control endowed by light activation. Herein, we describe a photo-induced defluorination acyl fluoride exchange (photo-DAFEx) as a novel type of photo-click reaction that is mediated through acyl fluorides produced by the photo-defluorination of m-trifluoromethylaniline to covalently conjugate with primary/secondary amines and thiols in an aqueous environment. (TD)-DFT calculations, together with experimental discovery, indicate that the m-NH2PhF2C(sp3)-F bond in the excited triplet state is cleaved by water molecules, which is key to inducing defluorination. Intriguingly, the benzoyl amide linkages built by this photo-click reaction exhibited a satisfactory fluorogenic performance, which allowed visualization of its formation in situ. Accordingly, this photo-controlled covalent strategy was exploited not only for the decoration of small molecules, peptide cyclization and functionalization of proteins in vitro, but also for designing photo-affinity probes targeting endogenous carbonic anhydrase II (hCA-II) in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Cefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jielin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Sitong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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8
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Sakamoto S, Hamachi I. Ligand‐Directed Chemistry for Protein Labeling for Affinity‐Based Protein Analysis. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Sakamoto
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- JST-ERATO Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience 615-8530 Kyoto Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- JST-ERATO Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience 615-8530 Kyoto Japan
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9
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Yamazaki S, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Enzymatic Modification for Antibody−Drug Conjugate Production. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 United States
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10
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Messina MS, Quargnali G, Chang CJ. Activity-Based Sensing for Chemistry-Enabled Biology: Illuminating Principles, Probes, and Prospects for Boronate Reagents for Studying Hydrogen Peroxide. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:548-564. [PMID: 36573097 PMCID: PMC9782337 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based sensing (ABS) offers a general approach that exploits chemical reactivity as a method for selective detection and manipulation of biological analytes. Here, we illustrate the value of this chemical platform to enable new biological discovery through a case study in the design and application of ABS reagents for studying hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a major type of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that regulates a diverse array of vital cellular signaling processes to sustain life. Specifically, we summarize advances in the use of activity-based boronate probes for the detection of H2O2 featuring high molecular selectivity over other ROS, with an emphasis on tailoring designs in chemical structure to promote new biological principles of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S. Messina
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Gianluca Quargnali
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Nie J, Jiahui M, Wenxiang W. The crystal structure of 1-methyl- N-(1-methyl-1 H-imidazole-2-carbonyl)-1 H-imidazole-2-carboxamide, C 10H 11N 5O 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C10H11N5O2, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 22.6173(13) Å, b = 4.8730(3) Å, c = 9.9921(5) Å, V = 1101.27(11) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0440, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0999, T = 200(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology , Xuzhou 221116 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Mou Jiahui
- Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology , Xuzhou 221116 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Wenxiang
- Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology , Xuzhou 221116 , People’s Republic of China
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12
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Preparation of advanced reverse osmosis membrane by a wettability-transformable interlayer combining with N-acyl imidazole chemistry. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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