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Miano RN, Dekker T, Rohwer E, Biasazin TD, Ndlela S, Yusuf AA, Cheseto X, Mohamed SA. Mango headspace volatiles trigger differential responses of the mango fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra and its parasitoids. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30068. [PMID: 38707327 PMCID: PMC11066407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Before the introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) to sub-Saharan Africa, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) was economically the most important pest in mango farming. Its native natural enemy, the solitary parasitoid Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson), played a crucial role in C. cosyra bio-control, later complemented by the exotic parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Fopius arisanus (Sonan) among Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. To understand the in situ mango-C. cosyra-parasitoid tritrophic interaction, we assessed the responses of the fruit fly and the three parasitoids to headspace volatiles from various mango conditions. These conditions included non-infested mature unripe mangoes, C. cosyra-infested mangoes, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, non-infested ripe mangoes of three varieties (Kent, Apple, and Haden), and clean air (blank). We also compared the fruit fly's performance in the mango varieties and identified the chemical profiles of mango headspace volatiles. Ceratitis cosyra was attracted to both infested and non-infested mangoes (66-84 % of responsive C. cosyra) and showed superior performance in Kent mango (72.1 % of the 287 puparia recovered) compared to Apple and Haden varieties. Fopius arisanus displayed a stronger attraction to the volatiles of C. cosyra-infested mangoes (68-70 %), while P. cosyrae and D. longicaudata were significantly attracted to the 9th-day post-infestation mangoes (68-78 %) compared to non-infested mango volatiles. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in volatile profiles among mango treatments. Esters predominated in non-infested ripe, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, while monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were most dominant in the other treatments. The in situ experiments underscored varying preferences of the species for mango headspace volatiles and their subsequent treatments. These results provide valuable insights for further exploration, specifically in identifying the key volatiles responsible for species responses, to facilitate the development of applicable selective semiochemicals for managing species of African fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Njurai Miano
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Teun Dekker
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Egmont Rohwer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Tibebe Dejene Biasazin
- Unit of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 102, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Shepard Ndlela
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samira A. Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Tandel J, Tandel Y, Kapadia C, Singh S, Gandhi K, Datta R, Singh S, Yirgu A. Nontargeted Metabolite Profiling of the Most Prominent Indian Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Using Different Extraction Methods. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40184-40205. [PMID: 37929128 PMCID: PMC10620928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroma has a crucial role in assessing the quality of fresh fruit and its processed versions, which serve as reliable indications for advancing local cultivars in the mango industry. The aroma of mango is attributed to a complex of hundreds of volatile, polar, and nonpolar metabolites belonging to different chemical classes like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, nonterpene hydrocarbons (alkanes), alcohols, esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, lactones, amides, amines, ethers, and many more. This study looked at the volatile, nonpolar, and polar metabolites from 16 mango cultivars to determine their relative quantities and intervarietal changes using hexane, ethanol, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In total, 58 volatile compounds through SPME, 50 nonpolar metabolites from hexane extract, and 52 polar metabolites from ethanol extract were detected from all of the cultivars, belonging to various chemical classes. Through the SPME method, all 16 mango cultivars except Dashehari and Neelum exhibited abundant monoterpenes with maximum concentration in Kesar (91.00%) and minimum in Amrapali (60.66%). However, the abundance of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes was detected in Dashehari (37.91%) and Neelum (74.80%), respectively. In the hexane extract, 23 nonterpene hydrocarbons exhibited abundance in all 16 mango cultivars except Baneshan, with a higher concentration in Dashehari (95.45%) and lower in Ratna (77.63%). The ethanol extraction of 16 mango cultivars showed a higher concentration of esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and amides in Jamadar (52.16%), Dadamio (74.30%), Langra (64.38%), and Kesar (37.10%), respectively. There have been a lot of metabolite variations observed and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the similarity of various chemical compounds. Cluster analysis revealed the true similarity and pedigree of different mango cultivars, viz., Neeleswari, Dashehari, Neelum, Alphonso, Baneshan, Sonpari, and Neeleshan. They occupied the same cluster during analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Yatin Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Chintan Kapadia
- Aspee
Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari
Agricultural University, God Dod Road, Athwa Farm, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Susheel Singh
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Kelvin Gandhi
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department
of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384315, India
| | - Abraham Yirgu
- Researcher
II, Central Ethiopia Environment and Forestry Research Centre, P.O. Box 33042 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Gegechkori V, Kobakhidze T, Morton D. Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Application in Food and Horticultural Crops. Molecules 2023; 28:6880. [PMID: 37836723 PMCID: PMC10574797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a sample preparation technique which utilizes small amounts of an extraction phase for the extraction of target analytes from investigated sample matrices. Its simplicity of use, relatively short sample processing time, and fiber reusability have made SPME an attractive choice for many analytical applications. SPME has been widely applied to the sampling and analysis of environmental, food, aromatic, metallic, forensic, and pharmaceutical samples. Solid phase microextraction is used in horticultural crops, for example, to determine water and soil contaminants (pesticides, alcohols, phenols, amines, herbicides, etc.). SPME is also used in the food industry to separate biologically active substances in food products for various purposes, for example, disease prevention, determining the smell of food products, and analyzing tastes. SPME has been applied to forensic analysis to determine the alcohol concentration in blood and that of sugar in urine. This method has also been widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. It is a solvent-free sample preparation technique that integrates sampling, isolation, and concentration. This review focuses on recent work on the use of SPME techniques in the analysis of food and horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (T.K.); (D.M.)
- School of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (T.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Tamara Kobakhidze
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (T.K.); (D.M.)
| | - David Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry Named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (T.K.); (D.M.)
- School of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
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Hou X, Jiang J, Luo C, Rehman L, Li X, Xie X. Advances in detecting fruit aroma compounds by combining chromatography and spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4755-4766. [PMID: 36782102 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit aroma is produced by volatile compounds, which can significantly enhance fruit flavor. These compounds are highly complex and have remarkable pharmacological effects. The synthesis, concentration, type, and quantity of fruit aroma substances are affected by various factors, both abiotic and biotic. To fully understand the aroma substances of various fruits and their influencing factors, detection technology can be used. Many methods exist for detecting aroma compounds, and approaches combining multiple instruments are widely used. This review describes and compares each detection technology and discusses the potential use of combined technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of fruit aroma compounds and the factors influencing their synthesis. These results can inform the development and utilization of fruit aroma substances. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Junmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Changqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Latifur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, PR China
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Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang J, Wang Z, Qi K, Li H, Tian R, Wu X, Qiao X, Zhang S, Yin H. Comparative analysis of volatile aromatic compounds from a wide range of pear (PyrusL.) germplasm resources based on HS-SPME with GC-MS. Food Chem 2023; 418:135963. [PMID: 36944308 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is one of the most important sensory characteristics of fruit quality. Here, the aroma composition of mature fruits of 202 pear cultivars was detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). As a result, 221 major volatile components were detected, among which aldehydes, esters and alcohols were the most dominant aroma components. We also found Pyrus communis L. had the highest volatile content, followed by Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu, Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim., Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd., Hybrid Breeding cultivar group, Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), and Japanese and Korean (J&K) sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). In addition, the aroma composition and contents varied greatly among the different ripening-period groups. Finally, the fruits of pear germplasms also showed geographical flavor characteristics. These basic data and results could help us better understanding the variations of aroma quality among pear varieties and promote the development of pear breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiping Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Yin
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Pear, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Cheseto X, Rering CC, Broadhead GT, Torto B, Beck JJ. Early infestation volatile biomarkers of fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) ovipositional activity in mango (Mangifera indica L.). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 206:113519. [PMID: 36462541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Infestation of agricultural commodities by insect pests results in significant economic, import and export, food safety, and invasive insect introduction issues for growers, consumers, and inspectors. The Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is considered a highly invasive insect pest with populations reported in more than 60 countries, with prevalent distributions in Asia and Africa. B. dorsalis is phytophagous with a host range encompassing hundreds of fruits and vegetables. Damage to the fruit or vegetable is inflicted through oviposition and subsequent larval feeding resulting in spoilage. Early detection of insect pest infestations is a critical component for ensuring food safety as well as controlling introduction and spread of invasive insects. However, detection of ovipositional activity and early larval development is visually difficult, thus rapid and non-destructive detection often relies on odors associated with infestation. We investigated the odors of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) infested with B. dorsalis and compared the volatile profiles of infested mangoes to non-infested and mechanically damaged mangoes 24 h post-infestation. GC-MS and multivariate analyses provided the identification of eleven compounds unique to infested mangoes compared to mechanically damaged or non-infested fruit. Results indicated compositional and quantitative differentiation of volatile profiles among treatments for detection of infested fruit at quality checks or points of commerce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caitlin C Rering
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, United States
| | - Geoffrey T Broadhead
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32608, United States.
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Miano RN, Mohamed SA, Cheseto X, Ndlela S, Biasazin TD, Yusuf AA, Rohwer E, Dekker T. Differential responses of Bactrocera dorsalis and its parasitoids to headspaces of different varieties of tree-attached mango fruits and the associated chemical profiles. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a major pest of fruits and vegetables worldwide with documented losses of up to 100%. Various management techniques including the use of parasitoids, such as Fopius arisanus (Sonan) and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) within the context of the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach have been deployed for its control. The effectiveness of parasitoids is well understood, but knowledge of the semiochemicals that mediate their behavior, as well as that of the host fruit fly to tree-attached mangoes, is lacking. Here, we first compared the attractiveness of the above-mentioned fruit fly and its parasitoids to volatiles of different treatments (non-infested physiologically mature unripe and ripe mangoes, mangoes newly exposed to ovipositing B. dorsalis, and mangoes on day 7 and day 9 post-oviposition) of tree-attached Kent, Apple, and Haden mango varieties relative to control (clean air). The fruit fly was significantly more attracted to the mango volatiles (up to 93% of responsive insects) compared to the control (clean air). Fopius arisanus was significantly more attracted to mangoes with ovipositing fruit flies (68–76%) while D. longicaudata was significantly more attracted to day 9 post-oviposited mangoes (64–72%) compared to the control. Secondly, we elucidated the headspace volatile profiles of the non-infested and infested tree-attached mangoes using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The volatiles revealed various types of organic compounds with qualitative and quantitative differences. The majority of the compounds were esters making 33.8% of the total number, followed by sesquiterpenes-16.4%, and monoterpenes-15.4% among others. Most compounds had higher release rates in headspace volatiles of fruit fly-infested mangoes. Lastly, we harvested the infested mangoes and incubated them for puparia recovery. The number of puparia recovered varied according to the mango variety with Apple mango registering 81.7% of the total, while none was recovered from Kent. These results represent the first report of the changes in the headspace components of non-infested and infested tree-attached mangoes and the associated differential responses of the mentioned insects. A follow-up study can reveal whether there is a convergence in olfactomes which is significant when developing baits that selectively attract the fruit fly and not its natural enemies and fill the knowledge gap from an evolutionary ecological perspective.
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