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White LC, Städele V, Ramirez Amaya S, Langergraber K, Vigilant L. Female chimpanzees avoid inbreeding even in the presence of substantial bisexual philopatry. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:230967. [PMID: 38234436 PMCID: PMC10791533 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inbreeding (reproduction between relatives) often decreases the fitness of offspring and is thus expected to lead to the evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are expected to avoid inbreeding as they are long-lived, invest heavily in offspring and may encounter adult, opposite sex kin frequently, especially in populations where both males and females commonly remain in the group in which they were born (bisexual philopatry). However, it is unclear whether substantial bisexual philopatry has been a feature of chimpanzees' evolutionary history or whether it is a result of recent anthropogenic interference, as the only groups for which it has been documented are significantly impacted by human encroachment and experience notable rates of potentially unsustainable inbreeding. Here we use 14 years of observational data and a large genomic dataset of 256 481 loci sequenced from 459 individuals to document dispersal and inbreeding dynamics in an eastern chimpanzee (P. t. schweinfurthii) community with low levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We document the first case of substantial bisexual philopatry in a relatively undisturbed chimpanzee community and show that, despite an increased inbreeding risk incurred by females who do not disperse before reaching reproductive age, natal females were still able to avoid producing inbred offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. White
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Action, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Veronika Städele
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sebastian Ramirez Amaya
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Langergraber
- Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Olsen KC, Levitan DR. Interpopulation variation in inbreeding is primarily driven by tolerance of mating with relatives in a spermcasting invertebrate. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:95-108. [PMID: 36420993 PMCID: PMC10098478 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The degree to which individuals inbreed is a fundamental aspect of population biology shaped by both passive and active processes. Yet, the relative influences of random and non-random mating on the overall magnitude of inbreeding are not well characterized for many taxa. We quantified variation in inbreeding among qualitatively accessible and isolated populations of a sessile marine invertebrate (the colonial ascidian Lissoclinum verrilli) in which hermaphroditic colonies cast sperm into the water column for subsequent uptake and internal fertilization. We compared estimates of inbreeding to simulations predicting random mating within sites to evaluate if levels of inbreeding were (1) less than expected because of active attempts to limit inbreeding, (2) as predicted by genetic subdivision and passive inbreeding tolerance, or (3) greater than simulations due to active attempts to promote inbreeding via self-fertilization or a preference for related mates. We found evidence of restricted gene flow and significant differences in the genetic diversity of L. verrilli colonies among sites, indicating that on average colonies were weakly related in accessible locations, but their levels of relatedness matched that of first cousins or half-siblings on isolated substrates. Irrespective of population size, progeny arrays revealed variation in the magnitude of inbreeding across sites that tracked with the mean relatedness of conspecifics. Biparental reproduction was confirmed in most offspring (86%) and estimates of total inbreeding largely overlapped with simulations of random mating, suggesting that interpopulation variation in mother-offspring resemblance was primarily due to genetic subdivision and passive tolerance of related mates. Our results highlight the influence of demographic isolation on the genetic composition of populations, and support theory predicting that tolerance of biparental inbreeding, even when mates are closely related, may be favoured under a broad set of ecological and evolutionary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Olsen
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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3
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Nomano FY, Matsui S, Senda M, Tsuchiya Y, Takagi M. Random mating and the lack of sex-biased kin clustering in an island population of the bull-headed shrike, Lanius bucephalus. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2069159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Y. Nomano
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, School of Advanced Sciences, Sokendai, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Shin Matsui
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Tokai University, Minamisawa 5-1-1-1, Minami-ku Hokkaido, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan
| | - Mariko Senda
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Konoyama 115, Abiko, Chiba 270-1145, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsuchiya
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masaoki Takagi
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Natural History Science, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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4
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Galezo AA, Nolas MA, Fogel AS, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi IL, Altmann J, Archie EA, Tung J, Alberts SC. Mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance in a wild primate. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1607-1615.e4. [PMID: 35216670 PMCID: PMC9007874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding often imposes net fitness costs,1-5 leading to the expectation that animals will engage in inbreeding avoidance when the costs of doing so are not prohibitive.4-9 However, one recent meta-analysis indicates that animals of many species do not avoid mating with kin in experimental settings,6 and another reports that behavioral inbreeding avoidance generally evolves only when kin regularly encounter each other and inbreeding costs are high.9 These results raise questions about the processes that separate kin, how these processes depend on kin class and context, and whether kin classes differ in how effectively they avoid inbreeding via mate choice-in turn, demanding detailed demographic and behavioral data within individual populations. Here, we address these questions in a wild mammal population, the baboons of the Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya. We find that death and dispersal are very effective at separating opposite-sex pairs of close adult kin. Nonetheless, adult kin pairs do sometimes co-reside, and we find strong evidence for inbreeding avoidance via mate choice in kin classes with relatedness ≥0.25. Notably, maternal kin avoid inbreeding more effectively than paternal kin despite having identical coefficients of relatedness, pointing to kin discrimination as a potential constraint on effective inbreeding avoidance. Overall, demographic and behavioral processes ensure that inbred offspring are rare in undisturbed social groups (1% of offspring). However, in an anthropogenically disturbed social group with reduced male dispersal, we find inbreeding rates 10× higher. Our study reinforces the importance of demographic and behavioral contexts for understanding the evolution of inbreeding avoidance.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Galezo
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Melina A Nolas
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Center for Animals and Public Policy, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Arielle S Fogel
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA; University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Box 103855, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Raphael S Mututua
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Box 18, Namanga, Kenya
| | - J Kinyua Warutere
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Box 18, Namanga, Kenya
| | - I Long'ida Siodi
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Box 18, Namanga, Kenya
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 401 Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Box 90989, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Box 90989, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Brothers are better than nothing: first report of incestuous mating and inbreeding depression in a freshwater decapod crustacean. ZOOLOGY 2021; 151:125990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wen G, Jin L, Wu Y, Wang X, Fu J, Qi Y. Low diversity, little genetic structure but no inbreeding in a high-density island endemic pit-viper Gloydius shedaoensis. Curr Zool 2021; 68:526-534. [DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Island species and their ecosystems play an important role in global biodiversity preservation, and many vulnerable island species are conservation priorities. Although insular habitat likely facilitates the species diversification process, it may also aggravate the fragility of these species with high risk of inbreeding. The Shedao pit-viper Gloydius shedaoensis is an island endemic species with an extremely high population density, which has been categorized as vulnerable in the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List. We collected 13,148 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) from across its genome and examined its genetic diversity and demographic history. The Shedao pit-viper has a low genetic diversity but shows no sign of inbreeding. Furthermore, population genetic structure analysis, including the neighbor-joining tree, principal coordinate analysis, clustering, and spatial autocorrelation, revealed a general lack of spatial structure. Only the isolation by distance residues suggested a weak patchiness. Overall, the population is nearly panmictic and gene flow is evenly distributed across the island. A large number of individuals, small size of the island, and the lack of population structure likely all contribute to the lack of inbreeding in this species. We also detected signs of male-biased dispersal, which likely is another inbreeding avoidance strategy. Historical demographic analysis suggested that the historical population size and distribution of the species are much larger than their current ones. The multiple transgressive–regressive events since the Late Pleistocene are likely the main cause of the population size changes. Taken together, our results provide a basic scientific foundation for the conservation of this interesting and important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Wen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Yayong Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Nature Conservation of Snake Island and Laotieshan Mountain, Dalian 116041, China
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yin Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
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MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS II (MPS II) IN A FREE-LIVING KAKA (NESTOR MERIDIONALIS) IN NEW ZEALAND. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:884-890. [PMID: 34424960 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A lysosomal storage disease, identified as a mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), was diagnosed in a free-living Kaka (Nestor meridionalis), an endemic New Zealand parrot, which exhibited weakness, incoordination, and seizures. Histopathology showed typical colloid-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Purkinje cells and many other neurons throughout the brain. Electron microscopy revealed that storage bodies contained a variety of linear, curved, or circular membranous profiles and electron-dense bodies. Because the bird came from a small isolated population of Kaka in the northern South Island, a genetic cause was deemed likely. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed increased levels of heparan sulfate-derived disaccharides in the brain and liver compared with tissues from controls. Enzymatic assays documented low levels of iduronate-2-sulfatase activity, which causes a lysosomal storage disorder called MPS type II or Hunter syndrome. A captive breeding program is currently in progress, and the possibility of detecting carriers of this disorder warrants further investigation.
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8
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Khera M, Arbuckle K, Hoffman JI, Sanderson JL, Cant MA, Nichols HJ. Cooperatively breeding banded mongooses do not avoid inbreeding through familiarity-based kin recognition. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In species that live in family groups, such as cooperative breeders, inbreeding is usually avoided through the recognition of familiar kin. For example, individuals may avoid mating with conspecifics encountered regularly in infancy, as these likely include parents, siblings, and closely related alloparents. Other mechanisms have also been reported, albeit rarely; for example, individuals may compare their own phenotype to that of others, with close matches representing likely relatives (“phenotype matching”). However, determinants of the primary inbreeding avoidance mechanisms used by a given species remain poorly understood. We use 24 years of life history and genetic data to investigate inbreeding avoidance in wild cooperatively breeding banded mongooses (Mungos mungo). We find that inbreeding avoidance occurs within social groups but is far from maximised (mean pedigree relatedness between 351 breeding pairs = 0.144). Unusually for a group-living vertebrate, we find no evidence that females avoid breeding with males with which they are familiar in early life. This is probably explained by communal breeding; females give birth in tight synchrony and pups are cared for communally, thus reducing the reliability of familiarity-based proxies of relatedness. We also found little evidence that inbreeding is avoided by preferentially breeding with males of specific age classes. Instead, females may exploit as-yet unknown proxies of relatedness, for example, through phenotype matching, or may employ postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms. Investigation of species with unusual breeding systems helps to identify constraints against inbreeding avoidance and contributes to our understanding of the distribution of inbreeding across species.
Significance statement
Choosing the right mate is never easy, but it may be particularly difficult for banded mongooses. In most social animals, individuals avoid mating with those that were familiar to them as infants, as these are likely to be relatives. However, we show that this rule does not work in banded mongooses. Here, the offspring of several mothers are raised in large communal litters by their social group, and parents seem unable to identify or direct care towards their own pups. This may make it difficult to recognise relatives based on their level of familiarity and is likely to explain why banded mongooses frequently inbreed. Nevertheless, inbreeding is lower than expected if mates are chosen at random, suggesting that alternative pre- or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance mechanisms are used.
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9
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Armstrong DP, Parlato EH, Egli B, Dimond WJ, Kwikkel R, Berggren Å, McCready M, Parker KA, Ewen JG. Using long-term data for a reintroduced population to empirically estimate future consequences of inbreeding. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:859-869. [PMID: 32997349 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression is an important long-term threat to reintroduced populations. However, the strength of inbreeding depression is difficult to estimate in wild populations because pedigree data are inevitably incomplete and because good data are needed on survival and reproduction. Predicting future population consequences is especially difficult because this also requires projecting future inbreeding levels and their impacts on long-term population dynamics, which are subject to many uncertainties. We illustrate how such projections can be derived through Bayesian state-space modeling methods based on a 26-year data set for North Island Robins (Petroica longipes) reintroduced to Tiritiri Matangi Island in 1992. We used pedigree data to model increases in the average inbreeding level (F) over time based on kinship of possible breeding pairs and to estimate empirically Ne /N (effective/census population size). We used multiple imputation to model the unknown components of inbreeding coefficients, which allowed us to estimate effects of inbreeding on survival for all 1458 birds in the data set while modeling density dependence and environmental stochasticity. This modeling indicated that inbreeding reduced juvenile survival (1.83 lethal equivalents [SE 0.81]) and may have reduced subsequent adult survival (0.44 lethal equivalents [0.81]) but had no apparent effect on numbers of fledglings produced. Average inbreeding level increased to 0.10 (SE 0.001) as the population grew from 33 (0.3) to 160 (6) individuals over the 25 years, giving a Ne/N ratio of 0.56 (0.01). Based on a model that also incorporated habitat regeneration, the population was projected to reach a maximum of 331-1144 birds (median 726) in 2130, then to begin a slow decline. Without inbreeding, the population would be expected stabilize at 887-1465 birds (median 1131). Such analysis, therefore, makes it possible to empirically derive the information needed for rational decisions about inbreeding management while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug P Armstrong
- Wildlife Ecology Group, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth H Parlato
- Wildlife Ecology Group, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Egli
- Wildlife Ecology Group, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wendy J Dimond
- Wildlife Ecology Group, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Current address: ANU Medical School, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Parkville, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Renske Kwikkel
- Van Hall Instituut, Agora 1, 8934 CJ, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
| | - Åsa Berggren
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7070, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden
| | | | - Kevin A Parker
- Parker Conservation, PO Box 130, Warkworth, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John G Ewen
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, U.K
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10
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Tatler J, Prowse TA, Roshier DA, Cairns KM, Cassey P. Phenotypic variation and promiscuity in a wild population of pure dingoes (
Canis dingo
). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Tatler
- Centre for Applied Conservation Science and School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Thomas A.A. Prowse
- School of Mathematical Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - David A. Roshier
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy Subiaco East Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kylie M. Cairns
- Centre for Ecosystem Science University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Centre for Applied Conservation Science and School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia
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11
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Wells DA, Cant MA, Thompson FJ, Marshall HH, Vitikainen EIK, Hoffman JI, Nichols HJ. Extra-group paternity varies with proxies of relatedness in a social mammal with high inbreeding risk. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Behavioral mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding are common in the natural world and are believed to have evolved as a response to the negative consequences of inbreeding. However, despite a fundamental role in fitness, we have a limited understanding of the cues that individuals use to assess inbreeding risk, as well as the extent to which individual inbreeding behavior is repeatable. We used piecewise structural equation modeling of 24 years of data to investigate the causes and consequences of within- versus extra-group paternity in banded mongooses. This cooperatively breeding mammal lives in tight-knit social groups that often contain closely related opposite-sex breeders, so inbreeding can be avoided through extra-group mating. We used molecular parentage assignments to show that, despite extra-group paternity resulting in outbred offspring, within-group inbreeding occurs frequently, with around 16% litters being moderately or highly inbred. Additionally, extra-group paternity appears to be plastic, with females mating outside of their social group according to individual proxies (age and immigration status) and societal proxies (group size and age) of within-group inbreeding risk but not in direct response to levels of within-group relatedness. While individual repeatability in extra-group paternity was relatively low, female cobreeders showed high repeatability, suggesting a strong constraint arising from the opportunities for extra-group mating. The use of extra-group paternity as an inbreeding avoidance strategy is, therefore, limited by high costs, opportunity constraints, and the limited reliability of proxies of inbreeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wells
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- School of Natural Science and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael A Cant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Faye J Thompson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Harry H Marshall
- Centre for Research in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Emma I K Vitikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Hazel J Nichols
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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12
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Dolotovskaya S, Roos C, Heymann EW. Genetic monogamy and mate choice in a pair-living primate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20328. [PMID: 33230212 PMCID: PMC7683532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In pair-living mammals, genetic monogamy is extremely rare. One possible reason is that in socially monogamous animals, mate choice can be severely constrained, increasing the risk of inbreeding or pairing with an incompatible or low-quality partner. To escape these constraints, individuals might engage in extra-pair copulations. Alternatively, inbreeding can be avoided by dispersal. However, little is known about the interactions between mating system, mate choice, and dispersal in pair-living mammals. Here we genotyped 41 wild individuals from 14 groups of coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) in Peruvian Amazon using 18 microsatellite loci. Parentage analyses of 18 young revealed no cases of extra-pair paternity, indicating that the study population is mostly genetically monogamous. We did not find evidence for relatedness- or heterozygosity-based mate choice. Despite the lack of evidence for active inbreeding avoidance via mate choice, mating partners were on average not related. We further found that dispersal was not sex-biased, with both sexes dispersing opportunistically over varying distances. Our findings suggest that even opportunistic dispersal, as long as it is not constrained, can generate sufficient genetic diversity to prevent inbreeding. This, in turn, can render active inbreeding avoidance via mate choice and extra-pair copulations less necessary, helping to maintain genetic monogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Dolotovskaya
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany. .,Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15724-15730. [PMID: 32571952 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918726117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is often avoided in natural populations by passive processes such as sex-biased dispersal. But, in many social animals, opposite-sexed adult relatives are spatially clustered, generating a risk of incest and hence selection for active inbreeding avoidance. Here we show that, in long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), a cooperative breeder that risks inbreeding by living alongside opposite-sex relatives, inbreeding carries fitness costs and is avoided by active kin discrimination during mate choice. First, we identified a positive association between heterozygosity and fitness, indicating that inbreeding is costly. We then compared relatedness within breeding pairs to that expected under multiple mate-choice models, finding that pair relatedness is consistent with avoidance of first-order kin as partners. Finally, we show that the similarity of vocal cues offers a plausible mechanism for discrimination against first-order kin during mate choice. Long-tailed tits are known to discriminate between the calls of close kin and nonkin, and they favor first-order kin in cooperative contexts, so we conclude that long-tailed tits use the same kin discrimination rule to avoid inbreeding as they do to direct help toward kin.
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14
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Subtle genetic clustering among South Australian colonies of little penguins (Eudyptula minor). CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Lifetime Fitness Costs of Inbreeding and Being Inbred in a Critically Endangered Bird. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2711-2717.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Han QH, Sun RN, Yang HQ, Wang ZW, Wan QH, Fang SG. MHC class I diversity predicts non-random mating in Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 122:809-818. [PMID: 30670843 PMCID: PMC6781117 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has several important roles in kin recognition, pathogen resistance and mate selection. Research in fish, birds and mammals has suggested that individuals optimise MHC diversity, and therefore offspring fitness, when choosing mates. In reptiles, however, it is unclear whether female mate choice is based on genome-wide genetic characteristics such as microsatellite DNA loci, particular functional-trait loci (e.g., MHC) or both, and MHC's effects on mate choice remain relatively understudied. Herein, we used 13 microsatellite loci and two MHC class I loci to investigate female mate choice of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) in the semi-natural condition. We also determined correlations between the MHC genotype of breeding males and male reproductive success. We found that MHC-heterozygous males harbour a greater reproductive success, which probably is the reason that these males are more preferred by the females than MHC-homozygous males. Furthermore, the MHC class I amino-acid distance and functional distance of true mating pairs were higher compared with those of randomly sampled pairs. Analysis of microsatellites revealed that, despite mate choice, females did not completely avoid inbreeding. These findings are the first evidence of MHC-associated mate choice in Chinese alligators, suggesting that females may adopt different mating strategies after assessing the MHC characteristics of potential mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Hua Han
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ru-Na Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai-Qiong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Changxing Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve, Changxing, 313100, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Guo Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Mitchell J, Kyabulima S, Businge R, Cant MA, Nichols HJ. Kin discrimination via odour in the cooperatively breeding banded mongoose. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171798. [PMID: 29657784 PMCID: PMC5882708 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kin discrimination is often beneficial for group-living animals as it aids in inbreeding avoidance and providing nepotistic help. In mammals, the use of olfactory cues in kin discrimination is widespread and may occur through learning the scents of individuals that are likely to be relatives, or by assessing genetic relatedness directly through assessing odour similarity (phenotype matching). We use scent presentations to investigate these possibilities in a wild population of the banded mongoose Mungos mungo, a cooperative breeder in which inbreeding risk is high and females breed communally, disrupting behavioural cues to kinship. We find that adults show heightened behavioural responses to unfamiliar (extra-group) scents than to familiar (within-group) scents. Interestingly, we found that responses to familiar odours, but not unfamiliar odours, varied with relatedness. This suggests that banded mongooses are either able to use an effective behavioural rule to identify likely relatives from within their group, or that phenotype matching is used in the context of within-group kin recognition but not extra-group kin recognition. In other cooperative breeders, familiarity is used within the group and phenotype matching may be used to identify unfamiliar kin. However, for the banded mongoose this pattern may be reversed, most likely due to their unusual breeding system which disrupts within-group behavioural cues to kinship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mitchell
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - S. Kyabulima
- Banded Mongoose Research Project, Mweya, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
| | - R. Businge
- Banded Mongoose Research Project, Mweya, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
| | - M. A. Cant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - H. J. Nichols
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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18
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19
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Barati A, Andrew RL, Gorrell JC, McDonald PG. Extra-pair paternity is not driven by inbreeding avoidance and does not affect provisioning rates in a cooperatively breeding bird, the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala). Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Nava C, Neves VC, Andris M, Dubois MP, Jarne P, Bolton M, Bried J. Reduced population size does not affect the mating strategy of a vulnerable and endemic seabird. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:103. [PMID: 29143134 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bottleneck episodes may occur in small and isolated animal populations, which may result in decreased genetic diversity and increased inbreeding, but also in mating strategy adjustment. This was evaluated in the vulnerable and socially monogamous Monteiro's Storm-petrel Hydrobates monteiroi, a seabird endemic to the Azores archipelago which has suffered a dramatic population decline since the XVth century. To do this, we conducted a genetic study (18 microsatellite markers) in the population from Praia islet, which has been monitored over 16 years. We found no evidence that a genetic bottleneck was associated with this demographic decline. Monteiro's Storm-petrels paired randomly with respect to genetic relatedness and body measurements. Pair fecundity was unrelated to genetic relatedness between partners. We detected only two cases of extra-pair parentage associated with an extra-pair copulation (out of 71 offspring). Unsuccessful pairs were most likely to divorce the next year, but genetic relatedness between pair mates and pair breeding experience did not influence divorce. Divorce enabled individuals to improve their reproductive performances after re-mating only when the new partner was experienced. Re-pairing with an experienced partner occurred more frequently when divorcees changed nest than when they retained their nest. This study shows that even in strongly reduced populations, genetic diversity can be maintained, inbreeding does not necessarily occur, and random pairing is not risky in terms of pair lifetime reproductive success. Given, however, that we found no clear phenotypic mate choice criteria, the part played by non-morphological traits should be assessed more accurately in order to better understand seabird mating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nava
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.
| | - Verónica C Neves
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- CIBIO Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, CIBIO-Azores, Department of Science and Technology, Portugal
| | - Malvina Andris
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubois
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Jarne
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier-Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mark Bolton
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, UK Headquarters, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, UK
| | - Joël Bried
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Science Centre), IMAR (Institute of Marine Research) and LARSyS Associated Lab, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
- , 8 avenue de la reine Nathalie, 64200, Biarritz, France
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21
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Nichols HJ. The causes and consequences of inbreeding avoidance and tolerance in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Nichols
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
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22
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Wells SJ, Ji W, Gleeson D, Jones B, Dale J. Population Social Structure Facilitates Indirect Fitness Benefits from Extra-Pair Mating. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Schmidt K, Davoli F, Kowalczyk R, Randi E. Does kinship affect spatial organization in a small and isolated population of a solitary felid: The Eurasian lynx? Integr Zool 2017; 11:334-49. [PMID: 26749400 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social organization in wild carnivores is mostly determined by patterns of family bonds, which may shape the degree of relatedness among individuals in the population. We studied kinship in a small and isolated population of a solitary carnivore, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to evaluate its effect on spatial distribution of individuals. We investigated the relationship between spatial location and pair-wise kinship among 28 lynx individuals identified in 2004-2011 by telemetry, non-invasive sampling and genotyping with the use of 12 autosomal microsatellites in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. The average relatedness of the lynx population was relatively low (Lynch and Ritland's R = 0.03). Females were significantly more related to each other than males with other males. The inferred pedigree showed that the population was dominated by only 2 familial groups. We did not find significant correlations between the relatedness and the extent of home range overlap or the straight-line distances between the home ranges' central points. These results suggest that the dynamics of kinship in this solitary felid may not differ from the random mating processes described in social carnivores. Although the chances of random mating could be limited to a few resident males and females, the presence of unrelated floaters may provide a "breeding buffer" that may prevent an increase of relatedness and likely inbreeding in the population. This system is likely to fail in preserving genetic diversity in small, highly isolated populations; therefore, restoring habitat connectivity is crucial to ensure sufficient immigration from neighboring populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Schmidt
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.
| | - Francesca Davoli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Ettore Randi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.,Aalborg University, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg, Denmark
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24
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Duthie AB, Reid JM. Evolution of Inbreeding Avoidance and Inbreeding Preference through Mate Choice among Interacting Relatives. Am Nat 2016; 188:651-667. [DOI: 10.1086/688919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Paris D, Nicholls AO, Hall A, Harvey A, Massaro M. Female-biased dispersal in a spatially restricted endemic island bird. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Jacob G, Prévot AC, Baudry E. Feral Pigeons (Columba livia) Prefer Genetically Similar Mates despite Inbreeding Depression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162451. [PMID: 27588754 PMCID: PMC5010204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoidance of mating between related individuals is usually considered adaptive because it decreases the probability of inbreeding depression in offspring. However, mating between related partners can be adaptive if outbreeding depression is stronger than inbreeding depression or if females gain inclusive fitness benefits by mating with close kin. In the present study, we used microsatellite data to infer the parentage of juveniles born in a French colony of feral pigeons, which allowed us to deduce parent pairs. Despite detectable inbreeding depression, we found that pairwise relatedness between mates was significantly higher than between nonmates, with a mean coefficient of relatedness between mates of 0.065, approximately half the theoretical value for first cousins. This higher relatedness between mates cannot be explained by spatial genetic structure in this colonial bird; it therefore probably results from an active choice. As inbreeding but not outbreeding depression is observed in the study population, this finding accords with the idea that mating with genetically similar mates can confer a benefit in terms of inclusive fitness. Our results and published evidence suggest that preference for related individuals as mates might be relatively frequent in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Jacob
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Caroline Prévot
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- UMR7204, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Centre des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 51, 55 rue Buffon, Paris 5, France
| | - Emmanuelle Baudry
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
- * E-mail:
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27
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Duthie AB, Bocedi G, Reid JM. When does female multiple mating evolve to adjust inbreeding? Effects of inbreeding depression, direct costs, mating constraints, and polyandry as a threshold trait. Evolution 2016; 70:1927-43. [PMID: 27464756 PMCID: PMC5053304 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyandry is often hypothesized to evolve to allow females to adjust the degree to which they inbreed. Multiple factors might affect such evolution, including inbreeding depression, direct costs, constraints on male availability, and the nature of polyandry as a threshold trait. Complex models are required to evaluate when evolution of polyandry to adjust inbreeding is predicted to arise. We used a genetically explicit individual‐based model to track the joint evolution of inbreeding strategy and polyandry defined as a polygenic threshold trait. Evolution of polyandry to avoid inbreeding only occurred given strong inbreeding depression, low direct costs, and severe restrictions on initial versus additional male availability. Evolution of polyandry to prefer inbreeding only occurred given zero inbreeding depression and direct costs, and given similarly severe restrictions on male availability. However, due to its threshold nature, phenotypic polyandry was frequently expressed even when strongly selected against and hence maladaptive. Further, the degree to which females adjusted inbreeding through polyandry was typically very small, and often reflected constraints on male availability rather than adaptive reproductive strategy. Evolution of polyandry solely to adjust inbreeding might consequently be highly restricted in nature, and such evolution cannot necessarily be directly inferred from observed magnitudes of inbreeding adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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28
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Godoy I, Vigilant L, Perry SE. Inbreeding risk, avoidance and costs in a group-living primate, Cebus capucinus. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Wolak ME, Reid JM. Is Pairing with a Relative Heritable? Estimating Female and Male Genetic Contributions to the Degree of Biparental Inbreeding in Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Am Nat 2016; 187:736-52. [DOI: 10.1086/686198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Galaverni M, Caniglia R, Milanesi P, Lapalombella S, Fabbri E, Randi E. Choosy Wolves? Heterozygote Advantage But No Evidence of MHC-Based Disassortative Mating. J Hered 2015; 107:134-42. [PMID: 26610365 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of nonrandom mate choice strategies, including disassortative mating, are used by vertebrate species to avoid inbreeding, maintain heterozygosity and increase fitness. Disassortative mating may be mediated by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an important gene cluster controlling immune responses to pathogens. We investigated the patterns of mate choice in 26 wild-living breeding pairs of gray wolf (Canis lupus) that were identified through noninvasive genetic methods and genotyped at 3 MHC class II and 12 autosomal microsatellite (STR) loci. We tested for deviations from random mating and evaluated the covariance of genetic variables at functional and STR markers with fitness proxies deduced from pedigree reconstructions. Results did not show evidences of MHC-based disassortative mating. Rather we found a higher peptide similarity between mates at MHC loci as compared with random expectations. Fitness values were positively correlated with heterozygosity of the breeders at both MHC and STR loci, whereas they decreased with relatedness at STRs. These findings may indicate fitness advantages for breeders that, while avoiding highly related mates, are more similar at the MHC and have high levels of heterozygosity overall. Such a pattern of MHC-assortative mating may reflect local coadaptation of the breeders, while a reduction in genetic diversity may be balanced by heterozygote advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galaverni
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi).
| | - Romolo Caniglia
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi)
| | - Pietro Milanesi
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi)
| | - Silvana Lapalombella
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi)
| | - Elena Fabbri
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi)
| | - Ettore Randi
- From the Laboratorio di genetica, ISPRA, via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (Bologna), Italy (Galaverni, Caniglia, Milanesi, Fabbri, and Randi); Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy (Lapalombella); and Department 18/Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark (Randi)
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31
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Reid JM, Arcese P, Bocedi G, Duthie AB, Wolak ME, Keller LF. Resolving the conundrum of inbreeding depression but no inbreeding avoidance: Estimating sex-specific selection on inbreeding by song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Evolution 2015; 69:2846-61. [PMID: 26420476 PMCID: PMC5057356 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inbreeding avoidance among interacting females and males is not always observed despite inbreeding depression in offspring fitness, creating an apparent "inbreeding paradox." This paradox could be resolved if selection against inbreeding was in fact weak, despite inbreeding depression. However, the net magnitude and direction of selection on the degree to which females and males inbreed by pairing with relatives has not been explicitly estimated. We used long-term pedigree data to estimate phenotypic selection gradients on the degree of inbreeding that female and male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) expressed by forming socially persistent breeding pairs with relatives. Fitness was measured as the total numbers of offspring and grand offspring contributed to the population, and as corresponding expected numbers of identical-by-descent allele copies, thereby accounting for variation in offspring survival, reproduction, and relatedness associated with variation in parental inbreeding. Estimated selection gradients on the degree to which individuals paired with relatives were weakly positive in females, but negative in males that formed at least one socially persistent pairing. However, males that paired had higher mean fitness than males that remained socially unpaired. These analyses suggest that net selection against inbreeding may be weak in both sexes despite strong inbreeding depression, thereby resolving the "inbreeding paradox."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
| | - Peter Arcese
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Greta Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - Matthew E Wolak
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - Lukas F Keller
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Lehtonen J, Kokko H. Why inclusive fitness can make it adaptive to produce less fit extra-pair offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142716. [PMID: 25589605 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social monogamy predominates in avian breeding systems, but most socially monogamous species engage in promiscuous extra-pair copulations (EPCs). The reasons behind this remain debated, and recent empirical work has uncovered patterns that do not seem to fit existing hypotheses. In particular, some results seem to contradict the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis: females can prefer extra-pair partners that are more closely related to them than their social partners, and extra-pair young can have lower fitness than within-pair young. Motivated by these studies, we show that such results can become explicable when an asymmetry in inbreeding tolerance between monogamy and polygamy is extended to species that combine both strategies within a single reproductive season. Under fairly general conditions, it can be adaptive for a female to choose an unrelated social partner, but inbreed with an extra-pair partner. Inbreeding depression is compensated for by inclusive fitness benefits, which are only fully realized in EPCs. We also show that if a female has already formed a suboptimal social bond, there are scenarios where it is beneficial to engage in EPCs with less related males, and others where EPCs with more related males increase her inclusive fitness. This has implications for detecting general relatedness or fitness trends when averaged over several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Lehtonen
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, Basel 4051, Switzerland Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions and Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions and Division of Evolution Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Institute for Advanced Study, Wallotstrasse 19, Berlin 14193, Germany
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Duthie AB, Reid JM. What happens after inbreeding avoidance? Inbreeding by rejected relatives and the inclusive fitness benefit of inbreeding avoidance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125140. [PMID: 25909185 PMCID: PMC4409402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding inbreeding, and therefore avoiding inbreeding depression in offspring fitness, is widely assumed to be adaptive in systems with biparental reproduction. However, inbreeding can also confer an inclusive fitness benefit stemming from increased relatedness between parents and inbred offspring. Whether or not inbreeding or avoiding inbreeding is adaptive therefore depends on a balance between inbreeding depression and increased parent-offspring relatedness. Existing models of biparental inbreeding predict threshold values of inbreeding depression above which males and females should avoid inbreeding, and predict sexual conflict over inbreeding because these thresholds diverge. However, these models implicitly assume that if a focal individual avoids inbreeding, then both it and its rejected relative will subsequently outbreed. We show that relaxing this assumption of reciprocal outbreeding, and the assumption that focal individuals are themselves outbred, can substantially alter the predicted thresholds for inbreeding avoidance for focal males. Specifically, the magnitude of inbreeding depression below which inbreeding increases a focal male’s inclusive fitness increases with increasing depression in the offspring of a focal female and her alternative mate, and it decreases with increasing relatedness between a focal male and a focal female’s alternative mate, thereby altering the predicted zone of sexual conflict. Furthermore, a focal male’s inclusive fitness gain from avoiding inbreeding is reduced by indirect opportunity costs if his rejected relative breeds with another relative of his. By demonstrating that variation in relatedness and inbreeding can affect intra- and inter-sexual conflict over inbreeding, our models lead to novel predictions for family dynamics. Specifically, parent-offspring conflict over inbreeding might depend on the alternative mates of rejected relatives, and male-male competition over inbreeding might lead to mixed inbreeding strategies. Making testable quantitative predictions regarding inbreeding strategies occurring in nature will therefore require new models that explicitly capture variation in relatedness and inbreeding among interacting population members.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane M. Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Reid JM, Duthie AB, Wolak ME, Arcese P. Demographic mechanisms of inbreeding adjustment through extra-pair reproduction. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1029-40. [PMID: 25645743 PMCID: PMC4670719 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis explaining extra-pair reproduction is that socially monogamous females mate with extra-pair males to adjust the coefficient of inbreeding (f) of extra-pair offspring (EPO) relative to that of within-pair offspring (WPO) they would produce with their socially paired male. Such adjustment of offspring f requires non-random extra-pair reproduction with respect to relatedness, which is in turn often assumed to require some mechanism of explicit pre-copulatory or post-copulatory kin discrimination.
We propose three demographic processes that could potentially cause mean f to differ between individual females’ EPO and WPO given random extra-pair reproduction with available males without necessarily requiring explicit kin discrimination. Specifically, such a difference could arise if social pairings formed non-randomly with respect to relatedness or persisted non-randomly with respect to relatedness, or if the distribution of relatedness between females and their sets of potential mates changed during the period through which social pairings persisted.
We used comprehensive pedigree and pairing data from free-living song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) to quantify these three processes and hence investigate how individual females could adjust mean offspring f through instantaneously random extra-pair reproduction.
Female song sparrows tended to form social pairings with unrelated or distantly related males slightly less frequently than expected given random pairing within the defined set of available males. Furthermore, social pairings between more closely related mates tended to be more likely to persist across years than social pairings between less closely related mates. However, these effects were small and the mean relatedness between females and their sets of potential extra-pair males did not change substantially across the years through which social pairings persisted.
Our framework and analyses illustrate how demographic and social structuring within populations might allow females to adjust mean f of offspring through random extra-pair reproduction without necessarily requiring explicit kin discrimination, implying that adjustment of offspring f might be an inevitable consequence of extra-pair reproduction. New theoretical and empirical studies are required to explore the general magnitude of such effects and quantify the degree to which they could facilitate or constrain long-term evolution of extra-pair reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - A Bradley Duthie
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - Matthew E Wolak
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland
| | - Peter Arcese
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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35
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Theodorou K, Couvet D. The efficiency of close inbreeding to reduce genetic adaptation to captivity. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 114:38-47. [PMID: 25052417 PMCID: PMC4815592 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ex situ conservation is indispensable for thousands of species, captive breeding is associated with negative genetic changes: loss of genetic variance and genetic adaptation to captivity that is deleterious in the wild. We used quantitative genetic individual-based simulations to model the effect of genetic management on the evolution of a quantitative trait and the associated fitness of wild-born individuals that are brought to captivity. We also examined the feasibility of the breeding strategies under a scenario of a large number of loci subject to deleterious mutations. We compared two breeding strategies: repeated half-sib mating and a method of minimizing mean coancestry (referred to as gc/mc). Our major finding was that half-sib mating is more effective in reducing genetic adaptation to captivity than the gc/mc method. Moreover, half-sib mating retains larger allelic and adaptive genetic variance. Relative to initial standing variation, the additive variance of the quantitative trait increased under half-sib mating during the sojourn in captivity. Although fragmentation into smaller populations improves the efficiency of the gc/mc method, half-sib mating still performs better in the scenarios tested. Half-sib mating shows two caveats that could mitigate its beneficial effects: low heterozygosity and high risk of extinction when populations are of low fecundity and size and one of the following conditions are met: (i) the strength of selection in captivity is comparable with that in the wild, (ii) deleterious mutations are numerous and only slightly deleterious. Experimental validation of half-sib mating is therefore needed for the advancement of captive breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Theodorou
- Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece
| | - D Couvet
- UMR 7204CESCO MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, CP 51, Paris, France
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36
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Reid JM, Arcese P, Keller LF, Germain RR, Duthie AB, Losdat S, Wolak ME, Nietlisbach P. Quantifying inbreeding avoidance through extra-pair reproduction. Evolution 2014; 69:59-74. [PMID: 25346331 PMCID: PMC4312944 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extra-pair reproduction is widely hypothesized to allow females to avoid inbreeding with related socially paired males. Consequently, numerous field studies have tested the key predictions that extra-pair offspring are less inbred than females’ alternative within-pair offspring, and that the probability of extra-pair reproduction increases with a female's relatedness to her socially paired male. However, such studies rarely measure inbreeding or relatedness sufficiently precisely to detect subtle effects, or consider biases stemming from failure to observe inbred offspring that die during early development. Analyses of multigenerational song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) pedigree data showed that most females had opportunity to increase or decrease the coefficient of inbreeding of their offspring through extra-pair reproduction with neighboring males. In practice, observed extra-pair offspring had lower inbreeding coefficients than females’ within-pair offspring on average, while the probability of extra-pair reproduction increased substantially with the coefficient of kinship between a female and her socially paired male. However, simulations showed that such effects could simply reflect bias stemming from inbreeding depression in early offspring survival. The null hypothesis that extra-pair reproduction is random with respect to kinship therefore cannot be definitively rejected in song sparrows, and existing general evidence that females avoid inbreeding through extra-pair reproduction requires reevaluation given such biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zoology Building, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland.
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37
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Brzeski KE, Rabon DR, Chamberlain MJ, Waits LP, Taylor SS. Inbreeding and inbreeding depression in endangered red wolves (Canis rufus). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4241-55. [PMID: 25060763 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In natural populations, the expression and severity of inbreeding depression can vary widely across taxa. Describing processes that influence the extent of inbreeding and inbreeding depression aid in our understanding of the evolutionary history of mating systems such as cooperative breeding and nonrandom mate selection. Such findings also help shape wildlife conservation theory because inbreeding depression reduces the viability of small populations. We evaluated the extent of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in a small, re-introduced population of red wolves (Canis rufus) in North Carolina. Since red wolves were first re-introduced in 1987, pedigree inbreeding coefficients (f) increased considerably and almost every wild born wolf was inbred (average f = 0.154 and max f = 0.383). The large inbreeding coefficients were due to both background relatedness associated with few founders and numerous close relative matings. Inbreeding depression was most evident for adult body size and generally absent for direct fitness measures such as reproductive success and survival; no lethal equivalents (LE = 0.00) were detected in juvenile survival. The lack of strong inbreeding depression in direct measures of fitness could be due to a founder effect or because there were no outbred individuals for comparison. Our results highlight the variable expression of inbreeding depression across traits and the need to measure a number of different traits when evaluating inbreeding depression in a wild population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Brzeski
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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38
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Sardell RJ, Kempenaers B, DuVal EH. Female mating preferences and offspring survival: testing hypotheses on the genetic basis of mate choice in a wild lekking bird. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:933-46. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Sardell
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Dr. Tallahassee FL 32306-4295 USA
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse D-82319 Seewiesen Germany
| | - Emily H. DuVal
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; 319 Stadium Dr. Tallahassee FL 32306-4295 USA
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39
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Reynolds SM, Uy JAC, Patricelli GL, Coleman SW, Braun MJ, Borgia G. Tests of the kin selection model of mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in satin bowerbirds. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Kingma SA, Hall ML, Peters A. Breeding synchronization facilitates extrapair mating for inbreeding avoidance. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Kolleck J, Yang M, Zinner D, Roos C. Genetic diversity in endangered Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus brelichi): contrasting results from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73647. [PMID: 24009761 PMCID: PMC3756984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the conservation status of a species or population it is necessary to gain insight into its ecological requirements, reproduction, genetic population structure, and overall genetic diversity. In our study we examined the genetic diversity of Rhinopithecus brelichi by analyzing microsatellite data and compared them with already existing data derived from mitochondrial DNA, which revealed that R. brelichi exhibits the lowest mitochondrial diversity of all so far studied Rhinopithecus species. In contrast, the genetic diversity of nuclear DNA is high and comparable to other Rhinopithecus species, i.e. the examined microsatellite loci are similarly highly polymorphic as in other species of the genus. An explanation for these differences in mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity could be a male biased dispersal. Females most likely stay within their natal band and males migrate between bands, thus mitochondrial DNA will not be exchanged between bands but nuclear DNA via males. A Bayesian Skyline Plot based on mitochondrial DNA sequences shows a strong decrease of the female effective population size (Nef) starting about 3,500 to 4,000 years ago, which concurs with the increasing human population in the area and respective expansion of agriculture. Given that we found no indication for a loss of nuclear DNA diversity in R. brelichi it seems that this factor does not represent the most prominent conservation threat for the long-term survival of the species. Conservation efforts should therefore focus more on immediate threats such as development of tourism and habitat destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Kolleck
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mouyu Yang
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangkou, China
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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42
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Ihle M, Forstmeier W. Revisiting the evidence for inbreeding avoidance in zebra finches. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Szulkin M, Stopher KV, Pemberton JM, Reid JM. Inbreeding avoidance, tolerance, or preference in animals? Trends Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Phillips KP, Jorgensen TH, Jolliffe KG, Jolliffe SM, Henwood J, Richardson DS. Reconstructing paternal genotypes to infer patterns of sperm storage and sexual selection in the hawksbill turtle. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2301-12. [PMID: 23379838 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Postcopulatory sperm storage can serve a range of functions, including ensuring fertility, allowing delayed fertilization and facilitating sexual selection. Sperm storage is likely to be particularly important in wide-ranging animals with low population densities, but its prevalence and importance in such taxa, and its role in promoting sexual selection, are poorly known. Here, we use a powerful microsatellite array and paternal genotype reconstruction to assess the prevalence of sperm storage and test sexual selection hypotheses of genetic biases to paternity in one such species, the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata. In the majority of females (90.7%, N = 43), all offspring were sired by a single male. In the few cases of multiple paternity (9.3%), two males fertilized each female. Importantly, the identity and proportional fertilization success of males were consistent across all sequential nests laid by individual females over the breeding season (up to five nests over 75 days). No males were identified as having fertilized more than one female, suggesting that a large number of males are available to females. No evidence for biases to paternity based on heterozygosity or relatedness was found. These results indicate that female hawksbill turtles are predominantly monogamous within a season, store sperm for the duration of the nesting season and do not re-mate between nests. Furthermore, females do not appear to be using sperm storage to facilitate sexual selection. Consequently, the primary value of storing sperm in marine turtles may be to uncouple mating and fertilization in time and avoid costly re-mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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45
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Loyau A, Cornuau JH, Clobert J, Danchin E. Incestuous sisters: mate preference for brothers over unrelated males in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51293. [PMID: 23251487 PMCID: PMC3519633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of examples of inbreeding avoidance, while recent mathematical models predict that inbreeding tolerance or even inbreeding preference should be expected under several realistic conditions like e.g. polygyny. We investigated male and female mate preferences with respect to relatedness in the fruit fly D. melanogaster. Experiments offered the choice between a first order relative (full-sibling or parent) and an unrelated individual with the same age and mating history. We found that females significantly preferred mating with their brothers, thus supporting inbreeding preference. Moreover, females did not avoid mating with their fathers, and males did not avoid mating with their sisters, thus supporting inbreeding tolerance. Our experiments therefore add empirical evidence for inbreeding preference, which strengthens the prediction that inbreeding tolerance and preference can evolve under specific circumstances through the positive effects on inclusive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Loyau
- CNRS, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis, USR 2936, Saint Girons, France.
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46
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Restrictive mate choice criteria cause age-specific inbreeding in female black grouse, Tetrao tetrix. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Alho JS, Teplitsky C, Mills JA, Yarrall JW, Merilä J. No evidence for inbreeding avoidance through active mate choice in red-billed gulls. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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48
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Reynolds MH, Hatfield JS, Laniawe LP, Vekasy MS, Klavitter JL, Berkowitz P, Crampton LH, Walters JR. Influence of space use on fitness and the reintroduction success of the Laysan teal. Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Reynolds
- US Geological Survey, Kilauea Field Station; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Hawaii National Park; HI; USA
| | - J. S. Hatfield
- US Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Laurel; MD; USA
| | | | - M. S. Vekasy
- US Geological Survey, Kilauea Field Station; Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center; Hawaii National Park; HI; USA
| | - J. L. Klavitter
- US Fish and Wildlife Service; Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge; Honolulu; HI; USA
| | - P. Berkowitz
- Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit; Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center; University of Hawaii at Hilo; Hilo; HI; USA
| | | | - J. R. Walters
- Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg; VA; USA
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49
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Garnett ST, Zander KK. Minimum viable population limitations ignore evolutionary history. Trends Ecol Evol 2011; 26:618-9; author reply 620-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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50
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Geffen E, Kam M, Hefner R, Hersteinsson P, Angerbjörn A, Dalèn L, Fuglei E, Norèn K, Adams JR, Vucetich J, Meier TJ, Mech LD, Vonholdt BM, Stahler DR, Wayne RK. Kin encounter rate and inbreeding avoidance in canids. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5348-58. [PMID: 22077191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mating with close kin can lead to inbreeding depression through the expression of recessive deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Mate selection may be affected by kin encounter rate, and inbreeding avoidance may not be uniform but associated with age and social system. Specifically, selection for kin recognition and inbreeding avoidance may be more developed in species that live in family groups or breed cooperatively. To test this hypothesis, we compared kin encounter rate and the proportion of related breeding pairs in noninbred and highly inbred canid populations. The chance of randomly encountering a full sib ranged between 1-8% and 20-22% in noninbred and inbred canid populations, respectively. We show that regardless of encounter rate, outside natal groups mates were selected independent of relatedness. Within natal groups, there was a significant avoidance of mating with a relative. Lack of discrimination against mating with close relatives outside packs suggests that the rate of inbreeding in canids is related to the proximity of close relatives, which could explain the high degree of inbreeding depression observed in some populations. The idea that kin encounter rate and social organization can explain the lack of inbreeding avoidance in some species is intriguing and may have implications for the management of populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Geffen
- Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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