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Sblendorio JM, Vonhof MJ, Gill SA. Migratory singers dynamically overlap the signal space of a breeding warbler community. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11013. [PMID: 38405408 PMCID: PMC10893555 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Migratory species inhabit many communities along their migratory routes. Across taxa, these species repeatedly move into and out of communities, interacting with each other and locally breeding species and competing for resources and niche space. However, their influence is rarely considered in analyses of ecological processes within the communities they temporarily occupy. Here, we explore the impact of migratory species on a breeding community using the framework of acoustic signal space, a limited resource in which sounds of species within communities co-exist. Migrating New World warblers (Parulidae, hereafter referred to as migrant species) often sing during refueling stops in areas and at times during which locally breeding warbler species (hereafter breeding species) are singing to establish territories and attract mates. We used eBird data to determine the co-occurrence of 19 migrant and 11 breeding warbler species across spring migration in SW Michigan, generated a signal space from song recordings of these species, and examined patterns of signaling overlap experienced by breeding species as migrants moved through the community. Migrant species were present for two-thirds of the breeding season of local species, including periods when breeding species established territories and attracted mates. Signaling niche overlap experienced by individual breeding species was idiosyncratic and varied over time, yet niche overlap between migrant and breeding species occurred more commonly than between breeding species or between migrant species. Nevertheless, the proportion of niche overlap between migrant and breeding warblers was similar to overlap among breeding species. Our findings showed that singing by migrant species overlapped the signals of many breeding species, suggesting that migrants could have unexplored impacts on communication in breeding species, potentially affecting song detection and song evolution. Our study contributes to a growing body of research documenting the impacts of migratory species on communities and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Sblendorio
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichiganUSA
| | - Maarten J. Vonhof
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichiganUSA
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichiganUSA
| | - Sharon A. Gill
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMichiganUSA
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Staniewicz A, Sokołowska E, Muszyńska A, Budka M. Competition for acoustic space in a temperate-forest bird community. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:1043-1054. [PMID: 37969554 PMCID: PMC10636732 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals that communicate by acoustic signaling share a common acoustic environment. Birds are particularly vocal examples, using a wide repertoire of broadcast signals for mate attraction and territorial defense. However, interference caused by sounds that overlap in frequency and time can disrupt signal detection and reduce reproductive success. Here, we investigated competition avoidance mechanisms used by the bird community inhabiting a primeval lowland temperate forest in Białowieża, Eastern Poland. We recorded the dawn chorus at 84 locations in early and late spring and calculated dissimilarity indices of the broadcast signals to examine how species with greater song similarities use spatial and temporal partitioning to avoid competition for acoustic space throughout the breeding season. The bird community changed its use of acoustic space throughout the day and season. Birds did not use spatial partitioning of signal space when we looked at recording locations over the whole study period, but they did in a seasonal context, with species more acoustically different than expected by chance recorded at the same point in the same part of the season. Our results also indicate that daily temporal niche partitioning may only occur at certain times before sunrise, with no evidence of large-scale temporal partitioning between species vocalizing during the same 1-min recordings in daytime. These results contribute toward our understanding of the evolution of bird communication and highlight the strategies employed by different species to improve their signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Staniewicz
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adrianna Muszyńska
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Budka
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Memet E, Farrell B, Mahadevan L. An allometric prior enhances acoustic niche partitioning signal. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220421. [PMID: 36514889 PMCID: PMC9748494 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The acoustic niche hypothesis suggests that vocal signals of sympatric animal species are structured so as to minimize acoustic interference and facilitate communication. Accordingly, each species attempts to establish its own acoustic bandwidth so that intra-species signals are not masked. Detecting a non-random partitioning of the frequency spectrum among sympatric species could constitute evidence for the existence of acoustic avoidance behaviour. However, results from previous studies have been mixed or inconclusive, possibly as a consequence of overlooking the importance of physiological and ecological constraints. Here we introduce an improved test that incorporates prior information on body mass to account for the allometric correlation between mass (size) and vocalization frequency. By correcting for the bias induced by this correlation, the new test uncovers evidence of acoustic niche partitioning as a function of frequency in several tropical bird communities that would not be detected under a more standard test. Separately, we introduce a spatial version of the acoustic partitioning test which, in theory, could prove effective when data are collected from multiple sites located in close spatial proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Memet
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brian Farrell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - L. Mahadevan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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4
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Temporal Acoustic Patterns of the Oriental Turtle Dove in a Subtropical Forest in China. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an abundance of bird species in subtropical areas, but studies on the vocal behavior of non-passerines in subtropical regions are limited. In this study, passive acoustic monitoring was used to investigate the temporal acoustic patterns of the vocal activities of the Oriental Turtle Dove (Streptopelia orientalis) in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve (YNNR) in eastern China. The results show that the vocal production of the Oriental Turtle Dove exhibited a seasonal variation, peaking in the period April–August. Additionally, its diurnal vocal activity displayed a bimodal pattern in late spring and summer, with the first peak in the morning and a secondary peak at dusk. Among weather factors, temperature significantly affected the temporal sound pattern of the Oriental Turtle Dove, instead of humidity and precipitation. This study, which was focused on sound monitoring technology, provides knowledge for further research on bird behavior and ecology. In the future, long-term sound monitoring could be used for managing and conserving bird biodiversity.
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Morales G, Vargas V, Espejo D, Poblete V, Tomasevic JA, Otondo F, Navedo JG. Method for passive acoustic monitoring of bird communities using UMAP and a deep neural network. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nesbitt M, Soosaar K, Roach S. Responses of Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) males to conspecific playback with typical and atypical syntactical patterns. Behav Processes 2022; 203:104764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wightman PH, Martin JA, Kilgo JC, Rushton E, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9018. [PMID: 35784066 PMCID: PMC9204850 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road-based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data in more locations for longer periods of time, providing the opportunity to delve into factors influencing daily gobbling activity. We used ARUs from 1 March to 31 May to detail gobbling activity across multiple study sites in the southeastern United States during 2014-2018. We used state-space modeling to investigate the effects of weather variables on daily gobbling activity. Our findings suggest rainfall, greater wind speeds, and greater temperatures negatively affected gobbling activity, whereas increasing barometric pressure positively affected gobbling activity. Therefore, when using daily gobbling activity to make inferences relative to gobbling chronology, reproductive phenology, and hunting season frameworks, stakeholders should recognize and consider the potential influences of extended periods of inclement weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- Southern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceNew EllentonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Emily Rushton
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources – Wildlife Resources DivisionSocial CircleGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Symes LB, Kittelberger KD, Stone SM, Holmes RT, Jones JS, Castaneda Ruvalcaba IP, Webster MS, Ayres M. Analytical approaches for evaluating passive acoustic monitoring data: A case study of avian vocalizations. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8797. [PMID: 35475182 PMCID: PMC9022445 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between field biology and technology is energizing the collection of vast quantities of environmental data. Passive acoustic monitoring, the use of unattended recording devices to capture environmental sound, is an example where technological advances have facilitated an influx of data that routinely exceeds the capacity for analysis. Computational advances, particularly the integration of machine learning approaches, will support data extraction efforts. However, the analysis and interpretation of these data will require parallel growth in conceptual and technical approaches for data analysis. Here, we use a large hand‐annotated dataset to showcase analysis approaches that will become increasingly useful as datasets grow and data extraction can be partially automated. We propose and demonstrate seven technical approaches for analyzing bioacoustic data. These include the following: (1) generating species lists and descriptions of vocal variation, (2) assessing how abiotic factors (e.g., rain and wind) impact vocalization rates, (3) testing for differences in community vocalization activity across sites and habitat types, (4) quantifying the phenology of vocal activity, (5) testing for spatiotemporal correlations in vocalizations within species, (6) among species, and (7) using rarefaction analysis to quantify diversity and optimize bioacoustic sampling. To demonstrate these approaches, we sampled in 2016 and 2018 and used hand annotations of 129,866 bird vocalizations from two forests in New Hampshire, USA, including sites in the Hubbard Brook Experiment Forest where bioacoustic data could be integrated with more than 50 years of observer‐based avian studies. Acoustic monitoring revealed differences in community patterns in vocalization activity between forests of different ages, as well as between nearby similar watersheds. Of numerous environmental variables that were evaluated, background noise was most clearly related to vocalization rates. The songbird community included one cluster of species where vocalization rates declined as ambient noise increased and another cluster where vocalization rates declined over the nesting season. In some common species, the number of vocalizations produced per day was correlated at scales of up to 15 km. Rarefaction analyses showed that adding sampling sites increased species detections more than adding sampling days. Although our analyses used hand‐annotated data, the methods will extend readily to large‐scale automated detection of vocalization events. Such data are likely to become increasingly available as autonomous recording units become more advanced, affordable, and power efficient. Passive acoustic monitoring with human or automated identification at the species level offers growing potential to complement observer‐based studies of avian ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel B. Symes
- K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - Kyle D. Kittelberger
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Sophia M. Stone
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Richard T. Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Jessica S. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | | | - Michael S. Webster
- Macaulay Library Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Matthew P. Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
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Wood M, Širović A. Characterization of fin whale song off the Western Antarctic Peninsula. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264214. [PMID: 35271610 PMCID: PMC8912240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Song is produced by a variety of terrestrial and marine animals and is particularly common among baleen whales. Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) song is comprised of relatively simple 20 Hz pulses produced at regular intervals. The timing of these intervals, in addition to the presence and frequency of overtones, appears to be unique to each population. The purpose of this study was to characterize Western Antarctic Peninsula fin whale song and describe temporal pattern variations in song type and occurrence. Recordings were collected in the area from 2001-2004 and again 2014-2016. One song type was identified with a primary inter-pulse interval (IPI) of approximately 14 s and secondary IPI of 12.5 s. This song occurred in three pattern variants: singlet, doublet, and long triplet. The interval between pulses increased by 1.5 s between recording periods while the frequency of the overtones decreased from 89 Hz to 86 Hz. Song was never recorded in August and while it was recorded at other times in some years, it was consistently present in recordings from April through June across all years. While multiple pattern variants were present each year, singlets were generally the most prevalent variant. Doublets and triplets occurred from February through June, with highest levels of variants in February. In later years the triplet variant presence increased and in 2016 it comprised 53% of recorded song bouts. Further research is needed to understand the reasons why song changes over time and to examine the feasibility of using song to delineate and identify populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Wood
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ana Širović
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Biology Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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11
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Hart PJ, Ibanez T, Paxton K, Tredinnick G, Sebastián-González E, Tanimoto-Johnson A. Timing Is Everything: Acoustic Niche Partitioning in Two Tropical Wet Forest Bird Communities. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.753363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When acoustic signals sent from individuals overlap in frequency and time, acoustic interference and signal masking may occur. Under the acoustic niche hypothesis (ANH), signaling behavior has evolved to partition acoustic space and minimize overlap with other calling individuals through selection on signal structure and/or the sender’s ability to adjust the timing of signals. Alternately, under the acoustic clustering hypothesis, there is potential benefit to convergence and synchronization of the structural or temporal characteristics of signals in the avian community, and organisms produce signals that overlap more than would be expected by chance. Interactive communication networks may also occur, where species living together are more likely to have songs with convergent spectral and or temporal characteristics. In this study, we examine the fine-scale use of acoustic space in montane tropical wet forest bird communities in Costa Rica and Hawai‘i. At multiple recording stations in each community, we identified the species associated with each recorded signal, measured observed signal overlap, and used null models to generate random distributions of expected signal overlap. We then compared observed vs. expected signal overlap to test predictions of the acoustic niche and acoustic clustering hypotheses. We found a high degree of overlap in the signal characteristics (frequency range) of species in both Costa Rica and Hawai‘i, however, as predicted under ANH, species significantly reduced observed overlap relative to the random distribution through temporal partitioning. There was little support for acoustic clustering or the prediction of the network hypothesis that species segregate across the landscape based on the frequency range of their vocalizations. These findings constitute strong support that there is competition for acoustic space in these signaling communities, and this has resulted primarily in temporal partitioning of the soundscape.
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12
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Acoustic competition within a tropical bird community: the case of the Resplendent Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno in Guatemala. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467421000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe structure of ecological communities is thought to be mainly driven by competition processes between species. One special case of resource shaping community dynamics is the acoustic space. However, the acoustic communities have been rarely described for tropical birds. Here, we aimed at estimating acoustic competition between the iconic species Pharomachrus mocinno and the other bird species occupying the same habitat. An acoustic survey was conducted in a cloud forest in Guatemala for 17 days in six simultaneous recording sites. All species occurring in the same frequency bandwidth were identified, and the acoustic overlapping between P. mocinno and these species was estimated. Eighteen species were identified as acoustic competitors. Ecological traits and phylogenetic distance were defined for all species. The rate of acoustic competition between P. mocinno and other species was related to different ecological traits and competition for resources. The acoustic overlap was high with species competing for similar food resources and phylogenetically close species and low with predator species and phylogenetically distant species. These unique observations provide new behavioural and ecological information that might be useful for the knowledge of this species and the cloud forest.
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13
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Robert A, Melo M, Lengagne T, Julien S, Gomez D, Doutrelant C. Patterns of bird song evolution on islands support the character release hypothesis in tropical but not in temperate latitudes. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1580-1591. [PMID: 34510616 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The character release hypothesis-which predicts that a decline in interspecific competition leads to the expansion of trait expression-remains to be tested for communication signals. Taking advantage of the fact that oceanic islands host fewer species than the mainland, we tested whether island birds show an increase in frequency bandwidth of acoustic signals compared with mainland birds. Given the higher animal diversity and more saturated acoustic space in the tropics, we expected acoustic character release, if any, to be stronger in the tropics than in the temperate zone. We field recorded 22 bird species (11 pairs consisting of an endemic island species and its closest mainland relative) breeding at similar latitudes and in similar habitats: six tropical pairs (São Tomé Island/Mount Cameroon) and five temperate pairs (Madeira Island/southern France). For each species, we measured the degree of acoustic interference experienced when vocalizing and the spectral characteristics of its song (minimum and maximum frequencies, bandwidth). As expected, island species spent more time vocalizing alone, and any overlap in vocalizations involved fewer species. The vocalizations of island species spanned broader frequency bandwidths than their mainland counterparts in the tropics (true for all six pairs), but this pattern was less evident in the temperate region (2/5 pairs with no marked differences and 1/5 with opposite pattern). Overall, the character release of communication signals only occurred where the differential in number of species was large (tropics). We discuss latitude differences and the potential factors driving the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloïs Robert
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Univ. Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Martim Melo
- CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBio Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,MHNC-UP Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Thierry Lengagne
- UMR 5023 Université de Lyon, Écologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Université, ENTPE, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sacha Julien
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Univ. Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Doris Gomez
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Univ. Montpellier - EPHE, Montpellier, France
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14
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Francis CD, Wilkins MR. Testing the strength and direction of selection on vocal frequency using metabolic scaling theory. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton D. Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences California Polytechnic State University 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo California 93407 USA
- Communication and Social Behaviour Group Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Eberhard‐Gwinner‐Straße 11 Seewiesen 82319 Germany
| | - Matthew R. Wilkins
- School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska‐Lincoln 410 Manter Hall, 1104 T Street Lincoln Nebraska 68588‐0118 USA
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach Vanderbilt University 230 Appleton Place, PMB 0367 Nashville Tennessee 37203 USA
- Galactic Polymath Education Studio 818 Glen Ave Nashville Tennessee 37204 USA
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15
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To AWY, Dingle C, Collins SA. Multiple constraints on urban bird communication: both abiotic and biotic noise shape songs in cities. Behav Ecol 2021; 32:1042-1053. [PMID: 34690550 PMCID: PMC8528541 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient noise can cause birds to adjust their songs to avoid masking. Most studies investigate responses to a single noise source (e.g., low-frequency traffic noise, or high-frequency insect noise). Here, we investigated the effects of both anthropogenic and insect noise on vocalizations of four common bird species in Hong Kong. Common Tailorbirds (Orthotomus sutorius) and Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus) both sang at a higher frequency in urban areas compared to peri-urban areas. Red-whiskered Bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus) in urban areas shifted the only first note of their song upwards. Swinhoe's White-eye (Zosterops simplex) vocalization changes were correlated with noise level, but did not differ between the peri-urban and urban populations. Insect noise caused the Eurasian Tree Sparrow to reduce both maximum, peak frequency, and overall bandwidth of vocalizations. Insect noise also led to a reduction in maximum frequency in Red-whiskered bulbuls. The presence of both urban noise and insect noise affected the sound of the Common Tailorbirds and Eurasian Tree Sparrows; in urban areas, they no longer increased their minimum song frequency when insect sounds were also present. These results highlight the complexity of the soundscape in urban areas. The presence of both high- and low-frequency ambient noise may make it difficult for urban birds to avoid signal masking while still maintaining their fitness in noisy cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann W Y To
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Caroline Dingle
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sarah A Collins
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
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Chhaya V, Lahiri S, Jagan MA, Mohan R, Pathaw NA, Krishnan A. Community Bioacoustics: Studying Acoustic Community Structure for Ecological and Conservation Insights. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.706445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of animal acoustic signals has evolved due to multiple ecological processes, both biotic and abiotic. At the level of communities of signaling animals, these processes may lead to diverse outcomes, including partitioning of acoustic signals along multiple axes (divergent signal parameters, signaling locations, and timing). Acoustic data provides information on the organization, diversity and dynamics of an acoustic community, and thus enables study of ecological change and turnover in a non-intrusive way. In this review, we lay out how community bioacoustics (the study of acoustic community structure and dynamics), has value in ecological monitoring and conservation of diverse landscapes and taxa. First, we review the concepts of signal space, signal partitioning and their effects on the structure of acoustic communities. Next, we highlight how spatiotemporal ecological change is reflected in acoustic community structure, and the potential this presents in monitoring and conservation. As passive acoustic monitoring gains popularity worldwide, we propose that the analytical framework of community bioacoustics has promise in studying the response of entire suites of species (from insects to large whales) to rapid anthropogenic change.
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Lahiri S, Pathaw NA, Krishnan A. Convergent acoustic community structure in South Asian dry and wet grassland birds. Biol Open 2021; 10:269190. [PMID: 34142707 PMCID: PMC8272033 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the study of bird acoustic communities has great potential in long-term monitoring and conservation, their assembly and dynamics remain poorly understood. Grassland habitats in South Asia comprise distinct biomes with unique avifauna, presenting an opportunity to address how community-level patterns in acoustic signal space arise. Similarity in signal space of different grassland bird assemblages may result from phylogenetic similarity, or because different bird groups partition the acoustic resource, resulting in convergent distributions in signal space. Here, we quantify the composition, signal space and phylogenetic diversity of bird acoustic communities from dry semiarid grasslands of northwest India and wet floodplain grasslands of northeast India, two major South Asian grassland biomes. We find that acoustic communities occupying these distinct biomes exhibit convergent, overdispersed distributions in signal space. However, dry grasslands exhibit higher phylogenetic diversity, and the two communities are not phylogenetically similar. The Sylvioidea encompasses half the species in the wet grassland acoustic community, with an expanded signal space compared to the dry grasslands. We therefore hypothesize that different clades colonizing grasslands partition the acoustic resource, resulting in convergent community structure across biomes. Many of these birds are threatened, and acoustic monitoring will support conservation measures in these imperiled, poorly-studied habitats. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Acoustic communities of different grassland biomes exhibit convergent signal space in spite of dissimilar species compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutirtha Lahiri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pashan Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Nafisa A Pathaw
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pashan Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pashan Road, Pune 411008, India
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First person – Sutirtha Lahiri. Biol Open 2021. [PMCID: PMC8272024 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Sutirtha Lahiri is first author on ‘Convergent acoustic community structure in South Asian dry and wet grassland birds’, published in BiO. Sutirtha is a research assistant in the lab of Dr Anand Krishnan at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, India, investigating whether biogeographically distinct grasslands display convergent acoustic community structure.
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Sugai LSM, Llusia D, Siqueira T, Silva TSF. Revisiting the drivers of acoustic similarities in tropical anuran assemblages. Ecology 2021; 102:e03380. [PMID: 33937979 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic signaling is key in mediating mate choice, which directly impacts individual fitness. Because background noise and habitat structure can impair signal transmission, the acoustic space of mixed-species assemblages has long been hypothesized to reflect selective pressures against signal interference and degradation. However, other potential drivers that received far less attention can drive similar outputs on the acoustic space. Phylogenetic niche conservatism and allometric constraints may also modulate species acoustic features, and the acoustic space of communities could be a side-effect of ecological assembly processes involving other traits (e.g., environmental filtering). Additionally, the acoustic space can also reflect the sorting of species relying on public information through extended communication networks. Using an integrative approach, we revisit the potential drivers of the acoustic space by addressing the distribution of acoustic traits, body size, and phylogenetic relatedness in tropical anuran assemblages across gradients of environmental heterogeneity in the Pantanal wetlands. We found the overall acoustic space to be aggregated compared with null expectations, even when accounting for confounding effects of body size. Across assemblages, acoustic and phylogenetic differences were positively related, while acoustic and body size similarities were negatively related, although to a minor extent. We suggest that acoustic partitioning, acoustic adaptation, and allometric constraints play a minor role in shaping the acoustic output of tropical anuran assemblages and that phylogenetic niche conservatism and public information use would influence between-assemblage variation. Our findings highlight an overlooked multivariate nature of the acoustic dimension and underscore the importance of including the ecological context of communities to understand drivers of the acoustic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Sayuri Moreira Sugai
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.,Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Departamento de Ecología, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, Edificio de Biología, C-211, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Diego Llusia
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Departamento de Ecología, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin, 2, Edificio de Biología, C-211, Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, Madrid, E-28049, Spain
| | - Tadeu Siqueira
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago S F Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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20
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Kleyn T, Cruz Kaizer M, Passos LF. Sharing sound: Avian acoustic niches in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Kleyn
- Department of Natural Sciences & Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Mariane Cruz Kaizer
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford‐Manchester Salford UK
| | - Luiza F. Passos
- Department of Natural Sciences & Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
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21
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Lewis RN, Williams LJ, Gilman RT. The uses and implications of avian vocalizations for conservation planning. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:50-63. [PMID: 31989696 PMCID: PMC7984439 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that animal behavior can affect wildlife conservation, but there have been few direct studies of animal behavior in conservation programs. However, a great deal of existing behavioral research can be applied in the context of conservation. Research on avian vocalizations provides an excellent example. The conspicuous nature of the vocal behavior of birds makes it a useful tool for monitoring populations and measuring biodiversity, but the importance of vocalizations in conservation goes beyond monitoring. Geographic song variants with population-specific signatures, or dialects, can affect territory formation and mate choice. Dialects are influenced by cultural evolution and natural selection and changes can accumulate even during the timescale of conservation interventions, such as translocations, reintroductions, and ex situ breeding. Information from existing research into avian vocalizations can be used to improve conservation planning and increase the success of interventions. Vocalizations can confer a number of benefits for conservation practitioners through monitoring, providing baseline data on populations and individuals. However, the influence of cultural variation on territory formation, mate choice, and gene flow should be taken into account because cultural differences could create obstacles for conservation programs that bring birds from multiple populations together and so reduce the success of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N. Lewis
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLU.K.
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo)ChesterCH2 1LHU.K.
| | - Leah J. Williams
- North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo)ChesterCH2 1LHU.K.
| | - R. Tucker Gilman
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLU.K.
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22
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Coss DA, Hunter KL, Taylor RC. Silence is sexy: soundscape complexity alters mate choice in túngara frogs. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Many animals acoustically communicate in large aggregations, producing biotic soundscapes. In turn, these natural soundscapes can influence the efficacy of animal communication, yet little is known about how variation in soundscape interferes with animals that communicate acoustically. We quantified this variation by analyzing natural soundscapes with the mid-frequency cover index and by measuring the frequency ranges and call rates of the most common acoustically communicating species. We then tested female mate choice in the túngara frog (Physalaemus pustulosus) in varying types of background chorus noise. We broadcast two natural túngara frog calls as a stimulus and altered the densities (duty cycles) of natural calls from conspecifics and heterospecifics to form the different types of chorus noise. During both conspecific and heterospecific chorus noise treatments, females demonstrated similar preferences for advertisement calls at low and mid noise densities but failed to express a preference in the presence of high noise density. Our data also suggest that nights with high densities of chorus noise from conspecifics and heterospecifics are common in some breeding ponds, and on nights with high noise density, the soundscape plays an important role diminishing the accuracy of female decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Coss
- Department of Biology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | | | - Ryan C Taylor
- Department of Biology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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23
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Application of a sample space for the characterization of shaded coffee plantation soundscape. ECOL INFORM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2020.101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Local sonic activity reveals potential partitioning in a coral reef fish community. Oecologia 2020; 193:125-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Chitnis SS, Rajan S, Krishnan A. Sympatric wren-warblers partition acoustic signal space and song perch height. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animals employing acoustic signals, such as birds, must effectively communicate over both background noise and potentially attenuating objects in the environment. To surmount these obstacles, animals evolve species-specific acoustic signals that do not overlap with sources of interference (such as songs of close relatives), and issue these songs from locations that maximize transmission. In multispecies assemblages of birds, the acoustic resource may thus be interspecifically partitioned along multiple axes, including song perch height and signal space. However, very few such studies have focused on open habitats, where differences in sound transmission patterns and limited availability of song perches may drive competition across multiple axes within signal space. Here, we demonstrate acoustic signal space partitioning in four sympatric species of wren-warbler (Cisticolidae, Prinia), in an Indian dry deciduous scrub-grassland habitat. We found that the breeding songs of the four species partition acoustic signal space, resulting in interspecific community organization. Within each species’ signal space, we uncovered different intraspecific patterns in note diversity. Two species partition intraspecific signal space into multiple note types, whereas the other two vary note repetition rate to different extents. Finally, we found that the four species also partition song perch heights, thus exhibiting acoustic niche separation along multiple axes. We hypothesize that divergent song perch heights may be driven by competition for higher singing perches or other ecological factors rather than signal propagation. Acoustic signal partitioning along multiple axes may therefore arise from a combination of diverse ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam S Chitnis
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Samyuktha Rajan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
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26
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Wakefield CT, Wightman PH, Martin JA, Bond BT, Lowrey DK, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Hunting and Nesting Phenology Influence Gobbling of Wild Turkeys. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin T. Wakefield
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bobby T. Bond
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources Division Fort Valley GA 31030 USA
| | - D. Kevin Lowrey
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources Division Gainesville GA 30501 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and SciencesTennessee Technological UniversityCookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
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27
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Krishnan A. Acoustic community structure and seasonal turnover in tropical South Asian birds. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Birds produce diverse acoustic signals, with coexisting species occupying distinct “acoustic niches” to minimize masking, resulting in overdispersion within acoustic space. In tropical regions of the world, an influx of migrants from temperate regions occurs during winter. The effects of these migrants on acoustic community structure and dynamics remain unstudied. Here, I show that in a tropical dry forest bird community occurring within an urban area in India, the influx of winter migrants is accompanied by a change in species composition of the acoustic community. However, in spite of this, the acoustic community remains overdispersed in acoustic niche space. The winter community of vocal birds at this study site additionally exhibits lower energy in the 4–7 kHz frequency bands (consistent with species singing less continuously), as well as lower phylogenetic diversity. My data are thus indicative of seasonal turnover in acoustic communities but suggest that acoustic niches and community structure are stable across seasons. Migrants occupy similar regions of acoustic space as residents and are relatively closely related to some of these species. Their arrival, therefore, leads to greater phylogenetic clustering in the winter and thus lower phylogenetic diversity, although the acoustic community remains overdispersed. Studying seasonal dynamics of acoustic communities thus provides valuable insight into assembly processes, as well as a potential framework for long-term monitoring of urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, India
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28
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Moseley DL, Phillips JN, Derryberry EP, Luther DA. Evidence for differing trajectories of songs in urban and rural populations. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractLearned traits, such as foraging strategies and communication signals, can change over time via cultural evolution. Using historical recordings, we investigate the cultural evolution of birdsong over nearly a 50-year period. Specifically, we examine the parts of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli) songs used for mate attraction and territorial defense. We compared historical (early 1970s) recordings with contemporary (mid-2010s) recordings from populations within and near San Francisco, CA and assessed the vocal performance of these songs. Because birds exposed to anthropogenic noise tend to sing at higher minimum frequencies with narrower frequency bandwidths, potentially reducing one measure of song performance, we hypothesized that other song features, such as syllable complexity, might be exaggerated, as an alternative means to display performance capabilities. We found that vocal performance increased between historical and contemporary songs, with a larger effect size for urban songs, and that syllable complexity, measured as the number of frequency modulations per syllable, was historically low for urban males but increased significantly in urban songs. We interpret these results as evidence for males increasing song complexity and trilled performance over time in urban habitats, despite performance constraints from urban noise, and suggest a new line of inquiry into how environments alter vocal performance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Moseley
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer N Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Derryberry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David A Luther
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Smithsonian Mason School of Conservation, Front Royal, VA, USA
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29
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Goodale E, Ruxton GD, Beauchamp G. Predator Eavesdropping in a Mixed-Species Environment: How Prey Species May Use Grouping, Confusion, and the Cocktail Party Effect to Reduce Predator Detection. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Abstract
There are well-understood psychological limits on our capacity to process information. As information proliferation-the consumption and sharing of information-increases through social media and other communications technology, these limits create an attentional bottleneck, favoring information that is more likely to be searched for, attended to, comprehended, encoded, and later reproduced. In information-rich environments, this bottleneck influences the evolution of information via four forces of cognitive selection, selecting for information that is belief-consistent, negative, social, and predictive. Selection for belief-consistent information leads balanced information to support increasingly polarized views. Selection for negative information amplifies information about downside risks and crowds out potential benefits. Selection for social information drives herding, impairs objective assessments, and reduces exploration for solutions to hard problems. Selection for predictive patterns drives overfitting, the replication crisis, and risk seeking. This article summarizes the negative implications of these forces of cognitive selection and presents eight warnings that represent severe pitfalls for the naive "informavore," accelerating extremism, hysteria, herding, and the proliferation of misinformation.
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31
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Torti V, Valente D, De Gregorio C, Comazzi C, Miaretsoa L, Ratsimbazafy J, Giacoma C, Gamba M. Call and be counted! Can we reliably estimate the number of callers in the indri's (Indri indri) song? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201664. [PMID: 30075022 PMCID: PMC6075759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the number of animals participating in a choral display may contribute reliable information on animal population estimates, particularly when environmental or behavioral factors restrict the possibility of visual surveys. Difficulties in providing a reliable estimate of the number of singers in a chorus are many (e.g., background noise masking, overlap). In this work, we contributed data on the vocal chorusing of the indri lemurs (Indri indri), which emit howling cries, known as songs, uttered by two to five individuals. We examined whether we could estimate the number of emitters in a chorus by screening the fundamental frequency in the spectrograms and the total duration of the songs, and the reliability of those methods when compared to the real chorus size. The spectrographic investigation appears to provide reliable information on the number of animals participating in the chorusing only when this number is limited to two or three singers. We also found that the Acoustic Complexity Index positively correlated with the real chorus size, showing that an automated analysis of the chorus may provide information about the number of singers. We can state that song duration shows a correlation with the number of emitters but also shows a remarkable variation that remains unexplained. The accuracy of the estimates can reflect the high variability in chorus size, which could be affected by group composition, season and context. In future research, a greater focus on analyzing frequency change occurring during these collective vocal displays should improve our ability to detect individuals and allow a finer tuning of the acoustic methods that may serve for monitoring chorusing mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daria Valente
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara De Gregorio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Comazzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Longondraza Miaretsoa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Group d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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32
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Endo N, Osawa N. Asymmetric song responses in coexisting Japanese cicadas. BIOACOUSTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2017.1317286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobu Endo
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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33
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Yang Y, Zhu B, Wang J, Brauth SE, Tang Y, Cui J. A test of the matched filter hypothesis in two sympatric frogs, Chiromantis doriae and Feihyla vittata. BIOACOUSTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1482786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Biology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Steven E. Brauth
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Yezhong Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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34
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Ovaskainen O, Moliterno de Camargo U, Somervuo P. Animal Sound Identifier (ASI): software for automated identification of vocal animals. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1244-1254. [PMID: 29938881 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Automated audio recording offers a powerful tool for acoustic monitoring schemes of bird, bat, frog and other vocal organisms, but the lack of automated species identification methods has made it difficult to fully utilise such data. We developed Animal Sound Identifier (ASI), a MATLAB software that performs probabilistic classification of species occurrences from field recordings. Unlike most previous approaches, ASI locates training data directly from the field recordings and thus avoids the need of pre-defined reference libraries. We apply ASI to a case study on Amazonian birds, in which we classify the vocalisations of 14 species in 194 504 one-minute audio segments using in total two weeks of expert time to construct, parameterise, and validate the classification models. We compare the classification performance of ASI (with training templates extracted automatically from field data) to that of monitoR (with training templates extracted manually from the Xeno-Canto database), the results showing ASI to have substantially higher recall and precision rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otso Ovaskainen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulisses Moliterno de Camargo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,The Helsinki Lab of Ornithology, The Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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35
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Cummings ME, Endler JA. 25 Years of sensory drive: the evidence and its watery bias. Curr Zool 2018; 64:471-484. [PMID: 30108628 PMCID: PMC6084598 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been 25 years since the formalization of the Sensory Drive hypothesis was published in the American Naturalist (1992). Since then, there has been an explosion of research identifying its utility in contributing to our understanding of inter- and intra-specific variation in sensory systems and signaling properties. The main tenet of Sensory Drive is that environmental characteristics will influence the evolutionary trajectory of both sensory (detecting capabilities) and signaling (detectable features and behaviors) traits in predictable directions. We review the accumulating evidence in 154 studies addressing these questions and categorized their approach in terms of testing for environmental influence on sensory tuning, signal characteristics, or both. For the subset of studies that examined sensory tuning, there was greater support for Sensory Drive processes shaping visual than auditory tuning, and it was more prevalent in aquatic than terrestrial habitats. Terrestrial habitats and visual traits were the prevalent habitat and sensory modality in the 104 studies showing support for environmental influence on signaling properties. An additional 19 studies that found no supporting evidence for environmental influence on signaling traits were all based in terrestrial ecosystems and almost exclusively involved auditory signals. Only 29 studies examined the complete coevolutionary process between sensory and signaling traits and were dominated by fish visual communication. We discuss biophysical factors that may contribute to the visual and aquatic bias for Sensory Drive evidence, as well as biotic factors that may contribute to the lack of Sensory Drive processes in terrestrial acoustic signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Cummings
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John A Endler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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36
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Graham BA, Heath DD, Walter RP, Mark MM, Mennill DJ. Parallel evolutionary forces influence the evolution of male and female songs in a tropical songbird. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:979-994. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
| | - Daniel D. Heath
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
- Great Lakes Institute of Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
| | - Ryan P. Walter
- Great Lakes Institute of Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
- Department of Biological Science; California State University Fullerton; Fullerton CA USA
| | - Melissa M. Mark
- Doris Duke Conservation Scholars Program; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Daniel J. Mennill
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
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37
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Noisy Neighbors: Acoustic Interference and Vocal Interactions between Two Syntopic Species of Ranid Frogs, Rana clamitans and Rana catesbeiana. J HERPETOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1670/17-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Acoustic Conditions Affecting Sound Communication in Air and Underwater. EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE ON ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8574-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Species Richness (of Insects) Drives the Use of Acoustic Space in the Tropics. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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de Camargo UM, Somervuo P, Ovaskainen O. PROTAX-Sound: A probabilistic framework for automated animal sound identification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184048. [PMID: 28863178 PMCID: PMC5581177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomous audio recording is stimulating new field in bioacoustics, with a great promise for conducting cost-effective species surveys. One major current challenge is the lack of reliable classifiers capable of multi-species identification. We present PROTAX-Sound, a statistical framework to perform probabilistic classification of animal sounds. PROTAX-Sound is based on a multinomial regression model, and it can utilize as predictors any kind of sound features or classifications produced by other existing algorithms. PROTAX-Sound combines audio and image processing techniques to scan environmental audio files. It identifies regions of interest (a segment of the audio file that contains a vocalization to be classified), extracts acoustic features from them and compares with samples in a reference database. The output of PROTAX-Sound is the probabilistic classification of each vocalization, including the possibility that it represents species not present in the reference database. We demonstrate the performance of PROTAX-Sound by classifying audio from a species-rich case study of tropical birds. The best performing classifier achieved 68% classification accuracy for 200 bird species. PROTAX-Sound improves the classification power of current techniques by combining information from multiple classifiers in a manner that yields calibrated classification probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panu Somervuo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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41
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Penna M, Cisternas J, Toloza J. Restricted responsiveness to noise interference in two anurans from the southern temperate forest. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Penna
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Javiera Cisternas
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jessica Toloza
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica; Facultad de Medicina; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
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Miller ET, Wagner SK, Harmon LJ, Ricklefs RE. Radiating despite a Lack of Character: Ecological Divergence among Closely Related, Morphologically Similar Honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) Co-occurring in Arid Australian Environments. Am Nat 2016; 189:E14-E30. [PMID: 28107055 DOI: 10.1086/690008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the relationship between form and function can inform use of morphology as a surrogate for ecology. How the strength of this relationship varies continentally can inform understanding of evolutionary radiations; for example, does the relationship break down when certain lineages invade and diversify in novel habitats? The 75 species of Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) are morphologically and ecologically diverse, with species feeding on nectar, insects, fruit, and other resources. We investigated Meliphagidae ecomorphology and community structure by (1) quantifying the concordance between morphology and ecology (foraging behavior), (2) estimating rates of trait evolution in relation to the packing of ecological space, and (3) comparing phylogenetic and trait community structure across the broad environmental gradients of the continent. We found that morphology explained 37% of the variance in ecology (and 62% vice versa), and we uncovered well-known bivariate relationships among the multivariate ecomorphological data. Ecological trait diversity declined less rapidly than phylogenetic diversity along a gradient of decreasing precipitation. We employ a new method (trait fields) and extend another (phylogenetic fields) to show that while species in phylogenetically clustered, arid-environment assemblages are similar morphologically, they are as varied in foraging behavior as those from more diverse assemblages. Thus, although closely related and similar morphologically, these arid-adapted species have diverged in ecological space to a similar degree as their mesic counterparts.
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43
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Rocha LHS, Ferreira LS, Venticinque EM, Rodrigues FHG, Sousa-Lima RS. Temporal and environmental influences on long-distance calling by free-ranging maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus). J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Farina A, James P. The acoustic communities: Definition, description and ecological role. Biosystems 2016; 147:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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45
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Krishnan A, Tamma K. Divergent morphological and acoustic traits in sympatric communities of Asian barbets. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160117. [PMID: 27853589 PMCID: PMC5108939 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The opposing effects of environmental filtering and competitive interactions may influence community assembly and coexistence of related species. Competition, both in the domain of ecological resources, and in the sensory domain (for example, acoustic interference) may also result in sympatric species evolving divergent traits and niches. Delineating these scenarios within communities requires understanding trait distributions and phylogenetic structure within the community, as well as patterns of trait evolution. We report that sympatric assemblages of Asian barbets (frugivorous canopy birds) consist of a random phylogenetic sample of species, but are divergent in both morphological and acoustic traits. Additionally, we find that morphology is more divergent than expected under Brownian evolution, whereas vocal frequency evolution is close to the pattern expected under Brownian motion (i.e. a random walk). Together, these patterns are consistent with a role for competition or competitive exclusion in driving community assembly. Phylogenetic patterns of morphological divergence between related species suggest that these traits are key in species coexistence. Because vocal frequency and size are correlated in barbets, we therefore hypothesize that frequency differences between sympatric barbets are a by-product of their divergent morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Authors for correspondence: Anand Krishnan e-mail: ;
| | - Krishnapriya Tamma
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
- Authors for correspondence: Krishnapriya Tamma e-mail:
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Bicudo T, Anciães M, Benchimol M, Peres CA, Simões PI. Insularization effects on acoustic signals of 2 suboscine Amazonian birds. Behav Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Stanley CQ, Walter MH, Venkatraman MX, Wilkinson GS. Insect noise avoidance in the dawn chorus of Neotropical birds. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Hills TT, Adelman JS. Recent evolution of learnability in American English from 1800 to 2000. Cognition 2015; 143:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Schmidt AK, Riede K, Römer H. No phenotypic signature of acoustic competition in songs of a tropical cricket assemblage. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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