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Visual cues and body volatile β-ocimene are used by the blue tiger butterfly Tirumala limniace to identify conspecifics during courtship. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Hare RM, Larsdotter-Mellström H, Simmons LW. Sexual dimorphism in cuticular hydrocarbons and their potential use in mating in a bushcricket with dynamic sex roles. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Ehlers S, Schulz S. The scent chemistry of butterflies. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 40:794-818. [PMID: 36420976 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Butterflies use structurally highly diverse volatile compounds for communication, in addition to visual signals. These compounds originate from plants or a formed de novo especially by male butterflies that possess specific scent organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ehlers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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4
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Alpern JHM, Asselin MM, Moehring AJ. Identification of a novel sperm class and its role in fertilization in Drosophila. J Evol Biol 2018; 32:259-266. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Engqvist L, Taborsky M. The evolution of strategic male mating effort in an information transfer framework. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1143-1152. [PMID: 28374957 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm competition theory predicts that males should use cues indicating the risk and intensity of sperm competition to tailor their sperm investment accordingly. Rival males are an important source of social information regarding sperm competition risk. However, revealing such information may not be in the rival males' interest. Here, we use a theoretical approach based on informed and uninformed games to investigate when information transfer about sperm competition risk to competitors is beneficial for a male, and when it is not. The results show that signalling to potential future mates that a female has already mated is beneficial when the signalling male has a sperm competition disadvantage, whereas it is unfavourable when the signaller has an advantage. The reason for this counterintuitive result is that the rival males' optimal response is to reduce sperm investment when the signaller has a disadvantage and, conversely, to increase investment when the signaller has an advantage. Furthermore, we analysed scenarios where males use alternative reproductive tactics. In this situation, signalling the awareness of sperm competition risk rarely pays; instead, it is beneficial to maintain an information advantage. Thus, it may be beneficial for bourgeois males to accept cuckoldry instead of revealing their sperm competition awareness to reproductive parasites. These results provide new insight into the evolution of communication between rivals in the context of sperm competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Engqvist
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Taborsky
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Larsdotter-Mellström H, Eriksson K, Liblikas I I, Wiklund C, Borg-Karlson AK, Nylin S, Janz N, Carlsson MA. It's All in the Mix: Blend-Specific Behavioral Response to a Sexual Pheromone in a Butterfly. Front Physiol 2016; 7:68. [PMID: 26973536 PMCID: PMC4770038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among insects, sexual pheromones are typically mixtures of two to several components, all of which are generally required to elicit a behavioral response. Here we show for the first time that a complete blend of sexual pheromone components is needed to elicit a response also in a butterfly. Males of the Green-veined White, Pieris napi, emit an aphrodisiac pheromone, citral, from wing glands. This pheromone is requisite for females to accept mating with a courting male. Citral is a mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial (E-isomer) and neral (Z-isomer) in an approximate 1:1 ratio. We found that both these compounds are required to elicit acceptance behavior, which indicates synergistic interaction between processing of the isomers. Using functional Ca2+ imaging we found that geranial and neral evoke significantly different but overlapping glomerular activity patterns in the antennal lobe, which suggests receptors with different affinity for the two isomers. However, these glomeruli were intermingled with glomeruli responding to, for example, plant-related compounds, i.e., no distinct subpopulation of pheromone-responding glomeruli as in moths and other insects. In addition, these glomeruli showed lower specificity than pheromone-activated glomeruli in moths. We could, however, not detect any mixture interactions among four identified glomeruli, indicating that the synergistic effect may be generated at a higher processing level. Furthermore, correlations between glomerular activity patterns evoked by the single isomers and the blend did not change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Larsdotter-Mellström
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm UniversityStockholm, Sweden; Centre for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Western AustraliaCrawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ilme Liblikas I
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anna K Borg-Karlson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Technology, University of TartuTartu, Estonia; Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Nylin
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Janz
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Kehl T, Dublon IAN, Fischer K. Young male mating success is associated with sperm number but not with male sex pheromone titres. Front Zool 2015; 12:31. [PMID: 26557870 PMCID: PMC4640362 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraspecific communication is of crucial importance throughout the animal kingdom and may involve a combination of visual, gustatory, olfactory and acoustic cues. Variation in male sex pheromone amount and composition may convey important information to female conspecifics, for instance on species identity or age. However, whether increased male pheromone titres are associated with fitness benefits for the female, thus indicating a role as an honest signal, is under debate. Results Against this background, we tested in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana (1) whether young males being successful or unsuccessful in gaining a mating differed in sex pheromone titres and (2) for associations between male pheromone titres and spermatophore mass, eupyrene sperm number, and a variety of female and offspring life-history traits. Successful and unsuccessful males did not differ in pheromone titres, however eupyrene sperm number was much higher in successful males. Pheromone titres were not associated with any fitness-related female or offspring trait measured in our study, though correlation analyses yielded evidence for trade-offs among specific traits. Patterns did not differ among control and olfaction-blocked females. Conclusion Therefore, we suggest that in young B. anynana pheromone titres do not indicate male quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kehl
- Zoological Institute & Museum, Greifswald University, Johann-Sebastian-Bach Str. 11/12, Greifswald, 17489 Germany
| | - Ian A N Dublon
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 4, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348 Belgium
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute & Museum, Greifswald University, Johann-Sebastian-Bach Str. 11/12, Greifswald, 17489 Germany
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8
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Larsdotter‐Mellström H, Eriksson K, Janz N, Nylin S, Carlsson MA. Male butterflies use an anti‐aphrodisiac pheromone to tailor ejaculates. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Larsdotter‐Mellström
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Animal Biology (M092) The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Kerstin Eriksson
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Niklas Janz
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sören Nylin
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University SE‐106 91 Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Larsdotter-Mellström H, Wiklund C. Different mating expenditure in response to sperm competition risk between generations in the bivoltine butterfly Pieris napi. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-1919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Abraham S, Vera MT, Pérez-Staples D. Current Sperm Competition Determines Sperm Allocation in a Tephritid Fruit Fly. Ethology 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solana Abraham
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetológicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN); PROIMI; Tucumán Argentina
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. Teresa Vera
- CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal; Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal de la Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia de la UNT; Tucumán Argentina
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11
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Gray B, Simmons LW. Acoustic cues alter perceived sperm competition risk in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Larsdotter-Mellström H, Murtazina R, Borg-Karlson AK, Wiklund C. Timing of male sex pheromone biosynthesis in a butterfly - different dynamics under direct or diapause development. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:584-91. [PMID: 22555771 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The life history traits and behavior of the butterfly Pieris napi are well-known, as the species is often used as a model organism for evolutionary and ecological studies. The species has two or more generations per year in the major part of its temperate distribution, and as different selection pressures affect the different generations, both behavioral and physiological seasonal polyphenisms have been shown previously. Here, we explored the dynamics of male sex pheromone production. The two generations are shown to have significantly different scent compositions early in life; the direct developers--who have shorter time for pupal development--need the first 24 hr of adult life after eclosion to synthesize the sex pheromone citral (geranial and neral 1:1)--whereas the diapausing individuals who have spent several months in the pupal stage eclose with adult scent composition. Resource allocation and biosynthesis also were studied in greater detail by feeding butterflies (13)C labeled glucose either in the larval or adult stage, and recording incorporation into geranial, neral, and other volatiles produced. Results demonstrate that the pheromone synthesized by newly eclosed adult males is based on materials ingested in the larval stage, and that adult butterflies are able to synthesize the pheromone components geranial and neral and the related alcohols also from adult intake of glucose. In summary, our study shows that time-stress changes the timing in biosynthesis of the complete pheromone between generations, and underpins the importance of understanding resource allocation and the physiological basis of life history traits.
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13
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Välimäki P, Kivelä SM, Mäenpää MI. Mating with a kin decreases female remating interval: a possible example of inbreeding avoidance. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Delbarco-Trillo J. Adjustment of sperm allocation under high risk of sperm competition across taxa: a meta-analysis. J Evol Biol 2011; 24:1706-14. [PMID: 21569157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sperm competition theory predicts that under high risk of sperm competition, males will increase the number of sperm that they allocate to a female. This prediction has been supported by some experimental studies but not by others. Here, I conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether the increase in sperm allocation under high risk of sperm competition is a generalized response across taxa. I collected data from 39 studies and 37 species. Across taxa, males under a high risk of sperm competition respond by increasing their sperm allocation (mean effect size=0.32). Number of offspring did not explain a significant portion of the variation in effect sizes. A traditional meta-analysis (i.e. without phylogenetic information) described the variation among effect sizes better than a meta-analysis that incorporates the phylogenetic relationships among species, suggesting that the increase in sperm allocation under high risk of sperm competition is similarly prevalent across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Delbarco-Trillo
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Kelly CD, Jennions MD. Sexual selection and sperm quantity: meta-analyses of strategic ejaculation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 86:863-84. [PMID: 21414127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clint D Kelly
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA.
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16
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Allen CE, Zwaan BJ, Brakefield PM. Evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 56:445-464. [PMID: 20822452 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120709-144828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among the animals, the Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) are second only to beetles in number of described species and are known for their striking intra- and interspecific diversity. Within species, sexual dimorphism is a source of variation in life history (e.g., sexual size dimorphism and protandry), morphology (e.g., wing shape and color pattern), and behavior (e.g., chemical and visual signaling). Sexual selection and mating systems have been considered the primary forces driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the Lepidoptera, and alternative hypotheses have been neglected. Here, we examine opportunities for sexual selection, natural selection, and the interplay between the two forces in the evolution of sexual differences in the moths and butterflies. Our primary goal is to identify mechanisms that either facilitate or constrain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, rather than to resolve any perceived controversy between hypotheses that may not be mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerisse E Allen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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17
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Allocation of nuptial gifts in tree crickets changes with both male and female diet. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-1105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Larsdotter Mellström H, Wiklund C. What affects mating rate? Polyandry is higher in the directly developing generation of the butterfly Pieris napi. Anim Behav 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Larsdotter Mellström H, Friberg M, Borg-Karlson AK, Murtazina R, Palm M, Wiklund C. Seasonal polyphenism in life history traits: time costs of direct development in a butterfly. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-010-0952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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