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Baird TA, Leibold DC. An experimental field test of female defense in territorial male collared lizards. Behav Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A widely held principle in behavioral ecological research is that polygynous social systems evolve either by direct male defense of females or male defense of resources, although which of these mechanisms applies in particular species is rarely examined experimentally. We tested the relative importance of female versus resource defense in polygynous territorial male collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Using a novel experimental design, we temporarily removed some of the resident females from male territories to create a female-free removal zone, whereas resident females were left intact within a non-removal zone. We then compared activity of males within each zone during three experimental phases; before we removed females, for two days when females were absent, and the day after return of females. If males defend females directly, we expected them to adjust the location of their patrol and display within removal and non-removal zones depending on the presence/absence of females, whereas we expected no such change if males defend resources. Male activity in the removal zone generally decreased when females were removed but then increased when females were replaced, whereas we observed the opposite pattern in the non-removal zone. The observed shifts in the location of patrol and display in response to the presence/absence of females, while resources remained constant, indicate that polygynous male collared lizards defend females directly. Our results suggest that male collared lizards take advantage of strong female philopatry to relatively small areas by focusing their patrol and display activities where potential mates reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Baird
- Department of Biology, Center for Wildlife Forensics and Conservation Studies, University of Central Oklahoma , 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034 , USA
| | - Dalton C Leibold
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University , 46 Sullivan’s Creek Way, Acton, ACT 2601 , Australia
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Baird TA, York JR. Does courtship behavior predict parentage in Collared Lizards? Influence of male social status and habitat structure. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A decade of sexual selection studies reveals patterns and processes of fitness variation in male collared lizards. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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York JR, Baird TA. Sexual selection on female collared lizards favours offspring production with multiple males. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Braun CA, Baird TA, York JR. Behavioural plasticity in physically variable microhabitats: a field test of potential adaptive consequences in male collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Braun
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Troy A Baird
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Joshua R York
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Baird TA. Live fast and prosper: early territory defence is not costly in male collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy A Baird
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
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Is Melanism a Consequence of Sexual Selection in Male Red-Eared Sliders,Trachemys scripta elegans? J HERPETOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1670/14-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Croshaw D, Pechmann J. Size does not matter for male Marbled Salamanders (Ambystoma opacum). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the phenotypic attributes that contribute to variance in mating and reproductive success is crucial in the study of evolution by sexual selection. In many animals, body size is an important trait because larger individuals enjoy greater fitness due to the ability to secure more mates and produce more offspring. Among males, this outcome is largely mediated by greater success in competition with rival males and (or) advantages in attractiveness to females. Here we tested the hypothesis that large male Marbled Salamanders (Ambystoma opacum (Gravenhorst, 1807)) mate with more females and produce more offspring than small males. In experimental breeding groups, we included males chosen specifically to represent a range of sizes. After gravid females mated and nested freely, we collected egg clutches and genotyped all adults and samples of hatchlings with highly variable microsatellite markers to assign paternity. Size had little effect on male mating and reproductive success. Breeding males were not bigger than nonbreeding males, mates of polyandrous females were not smaller than those of monogamous females, and there was no evidence for positive assortative mating by size. Although body size did not matter for male Marbled Salamanders, we documented considerable fitness variation and discuss alternative traits that could be undergoing sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.A. Croshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - J.H.K. Pechmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
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York JR, Baird TA. Testing the adaptive significance of sex-specific mating tactics in collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. York
- Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK 73019 USA
| | - Troy A. Baird
- Department of Biology; University of Central Oklahoma; Edmond OK 73034 USA
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Baird TA, Baird TD, Shine R. Showing Red: Male Coloration Signals Same-Sex Rivals in an Australian Water Dragon. HERPETOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00079r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Baird TA. Male collared lizards,Crotaphytus collaris(Sauria: Crotaphytidae), signal females by broadcasting visual displays. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy A. Baird
- Department of Biology; University of Central Oklahoma; 100 North University Drive Edmond OK 73034 USA
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