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Marquez‐Rosado A, Garcia‐Co C, Londoño‐Nieto C, Carazo P. No evidence that relatedness or familiarity modulates male harm in
Drosophila melanogaster
flies from a wild population. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8803. [PMID: 35432938 PMCID: PMC8995922 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection frequently promotes the evolution of aggressive behaviors that help males compete against their rivals, but which may harm females and hamper their fitness. Kin selection theory predicts that optimal male–male competition levels can be reduced when competitors are more genetically related to each other than to the population average, contributing to resolve this sexual conflict. Work in Drosophila melanogaster has spearheaded empirical tests of this idea, but studies so far have been conducted in laboratory‐adapted populations in homogeneous rearing environments that may hamper kin recognition, and used highly skewed sex ratios that may fail to reflect average natural conditions. Here, we performed a fully factorial design with the aim of exploring how rearing environment (i.e., familiarity) and relatedness affect male–male aggression, male harassment, and overall male harm levels in flies from a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster, under more natural conditions. Namely, we (a) manipulated relatedness and familiarity so that larvae reared apart were raised in different environments, as is common in the wild, and (b) studied the effects of relatedness and familiarity under average levels of male–male competition in the field. We show that, contrary to previous findings, groups of unrelated‐unfamiliar males were as likely to fight with each other and harass females than related‐familiar males and that overall levels of male harm to females were similar across treatments. Our results suggest that the role of kin selection in modulating sexual conflict is yet unclear in Drosophila melanogaster, and call for further studies that focus on natural populations and realistic socio‐sexual and ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marquez‐Rosado
- Ethology Lab Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Clara Garcia‐Co
- Ethology Lab Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Claudia Londoño‐Nieto
- Ethology Lab Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - Pau Carazo
- Ethology Lab Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
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2
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Kierkegaard LS, Groeneveld LF, Kettunen A, Berg P. The status and need for characterization of Nordic animal genetic resources. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1722216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Kettunen
- Farm Animal Section, NordGen – The Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, Ås, Norway
| | - Peer Berg
- Farm Animal Section, NordGen – The Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Ås, Norway
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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3
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Cayuela H, Boualit L, Laporte M, Prunier JG, Preiss F, Laurent A, Foletti F, Clobert J, Jacob G. Kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system. Oecologia 2019; 191:97-112. [PMID: 31422471 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. Yet the increase in neighbours' fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. Our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection and competition by examining the spatial structure of relatedness and by comparing non-effective and effective dispersal in a population of a lekking bird, Tetrao urogallus. For this purpose, we analysed capture-recapture and genetic data collected over a 6-year period on a spatially structured population of T. urogallus in France. Our findings revealed a strong spatial structure of relatedness in males. They also indicated that the population viscosity could allow male cooperation through two non-exclusive mechanisms. First, at their first lek attendance, males aggregate in a lek composed of relatives. Second, the distance corresponding to non-effective dispersal dramatically outweighed effective dispersal distance, which suggests that dispersers incur high post-settlement costs. These two mechanisms result in strong population genetic structuring in males. In females, our findings revealed a lower level of spatial structure of relatedness and genetic structure in respect to males. Additionally, non-effective dispersal and effective dispersal distances in females were highly similar, which suggests limited post-settlement costs. These results indicate that kin-dependent dispersal decisions and costs have a genetic footprint in wild populations and are factors that may be involved in the evolution of cooperative courtship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cayuela
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Laurent Boualit
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Laporte
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jérôme G Prunier
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France
| | - Françoise Preiss
- Groupe Tétras Vosges, Maison du Parc, 1, cour de l'Abbaye, 68140, Munster, France
| | - Alain Laurent
- Groupe Tétras Vosges, Maison du Parc, 1, cour de l'Abbaye, 68140, Munster, France
| | - Francesco Foletti
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean Clobert
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station (UMR 5371), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paul Sabatier University (UPS), Moulis, France
| | - Gwenaël Jacob
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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4
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McDonald GC, Gardner A, Pizzari T. Sexual selection in complex communities: Integrating interspecific reproductive interference in structured populations. Evolution 2019; 73:1025-1036. [PMID: 30941751 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The social structure of populations plays a key role in shaping variation in sexual selection. In nature, sexual selection occurs in communities of interacting species; however, heterospecifics are rarely included in characterizations of social structure. Heterospecifics can influence the reproductive outcomes of intrasexual competition by interfering with intraspecific sexual interactions (interspecific reproductive interference [IRI]). We outline the need for studies of sexual selection to incorporate heterospecifics as part of the social environment. We use simulations to show that classic predictions for the effect of social structure on sexual selection are altered by an interaction between social structure and IRI. This interaction has wide-ranging implications for patterns of sexual conflict and kin-selected reproductive strategies in socially structured populations. Our work bridges the gap between sexual selection research on social structure and IRI, and highlights future directions to study sexual selection in interacting communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C McDonald
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.,Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, 1077, Hungary
| | - Andy Gardner
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Pizzari
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
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5
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Pizzari T, McDonald GC. Sexual selection in socially-structured, polyandrous populations: Some insights from the fowl. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.asb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Sophisticated Fowl: The Complex Behaviour and Cognitive Skills of Chickens and Red Junglefowl. Behav Sci (Basel) 2018; 8:bs8010013. [PMID: 29342087 PMCID: PMC5791031 DOI: 10.3390/bs8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world’s most numerous bird, the domestic chicken, and their wild ancestor, the red junglefowl, have long been used as model species for animal behaviour research. Recently, this research has advanced our understanding of the social behaviour, personality, and cognition of fowl, and demonstrated their sophisticated behaviour and cognitive skills. Here, we overview some of this research, starting with describing research investigating the well-developed senses of fowl, before presenting how socially and cognitively complex they can be. The realisation that domestic chickens, our most abundant production animal, are behaviourally and cognitively sophisticated should encourage an increase in general appraise and fascination towards them. In turn, this should inspire increased use of them as both research and hobby animals, as well as improvements in their unfortunately often poor welfare.
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Le Page S, Sepil I, Flintham E, Pizzari T, Carazo P, Wigby S. Male relatedness and familiarity are required to modulate male-induced harm to females in Drosophila. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0441. [PMID: 28794215 PMCID: PMC5563793 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Males compete over mating and fertilization, and often harm females in the process. Inclusive fitness theory predicts that increasing relatedness within groups of males may relax competition and discourage male harm of females as males gain indirect benefits. Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster are consistent with these predictions, and have found that within-group male relatedness increases female fitness, though others have found no effects. Importantly, these studies did not fully disentangle male genetic relatedness from larval familiarity, so the extent to which modulation of harm to females is explained by male familiarity remains unclear. Here we performed a fully factorial design, isolating the effects of male relatedness and larval familiarity on female harm. While we found no differences in male courtship or aggression, there was a significant interaction between male genetic relatedness and familiarity on female reproduction and survival. Relatedness among males increased female lifespan, reproductive lifespan and overall reproductive success, but only when males were familiar. By showing that both male relatedness and larval familiarity are required to modulate female harm, these findings reconcile previous studies, shedding light on the potential role of indirect fitness effects on sexual conflict and the mechanisms underpinning kin recognition in fly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Le Page
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irem Sepil
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ewan Flintham
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tommaso Pizzari
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pau Carazo
- Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution group, Instituto Cavanilles of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stuart Wigby
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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