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D’Hue C, Moore M, Summerlin DJ, Jarmusch A, Alfaro C, Mantravadi A, Bewley A, Farwell DG, Cooks RG. Feasibility of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for diagnosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:133-141. [PMID: 29078250 PMCID: PMC5757369 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) has demonstrated utility in differentiating tumor from adjacent normal tissue in both urologic and neurosurgical specimens. We sought to evaluate if this technique had similar accuracy in differentiating oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from adjacent normal epithelium due to current issues with late diagnosis of SCC in advanced stages. METHODS Fresh frozen samples of SCC and adjacent normal tissue were obtained by surgical resection. Resections were analyzed using DESI-MS sometimes by a blinded technologist. Normative spectra were obtained for separate regions containing SCC or adjacent normal epithelium. Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) of spectra were used to predict SCC versus normal tongue epithelium. Predictions were compared with pathology to assess accuracy in differentiating oral SCC from adjacent normal tissue. RESULTS Initial PCA score and loading plots showed clear separation of SCC and normal epithelial tissue using DESI-MS. PCA-LDA resulted in accuracy rates of 95% for SCC versus normal and 93% for SCC, adjacent normal and normal. Additional samples were blindly analyzed with PCA-LDA pixel-by-pixel predicted classifications as SCC or normal tongue epithelial tissue and compared against histopathology. The m/z 700-900 prediction model showed a 91% accuracy rate. CONCLUSIONS DESI-MS accurately differentiated oral SCC from adjacent normal epithelium. Classification of all typical tissue types and pixel predictions with additional classifications should increase confidence in the validation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric D’Hue
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Michael Moore
- University of California at Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Don-John Summerlin
- Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, 350 West 11th Street, Room 4022, Indianapolis, IN 46202-4108
| | - Alan Jarmusch
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Clint Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
| | - Avinash Mantravadi
- Indiana University Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 550 N. University Blvd. Rm 3170, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Arnaud Bewley
- University of California at Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- University of California at Davis, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2521 Stockton Blvd., Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084
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Coutinho-Camillo CM, Lourenço SV, Puga RD, Damascena AS, Teshima THN, Kowalski LP, Soares FA. Profile of apoptotic proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A cluster analysis of 171 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-016-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Lim Y, Sun CX, Tran P, Punyadeera C. Salivary epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Biomark Med 2016; 10:301-13. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a challenge to the clinician. Saliva as a diagnostic medium carries significant advantages including its close proximity to the region of interest, ease of collection and noninvasive nature. While the identification of biomarkers continues to carry significant diagnostic and prognostic utility in HNSCC, epigenetic alterations present a novel opportunity to serve this purpose. With the developments of novel and innovative technologies, epigenetic alterations are now emerging as attractive candidates in HNSCC. As such, this review will focus on two commonly aberrant epigenetic alterations: DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC and their potential clinical utility. Identification and validation of these salivary epigenetic biomarkers would not only enable early diagnosis but will also facilitate in the clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Charles Xiaohang Sun
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter Tran
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Hui L, Yang N, Yang H, Guo X, Jang X. Identification of biomarkers with a tumor stage-dependent expression and exploration of the mechanism involved in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2627-35. [PMID: 26323359 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers with a tumor stage-dependent expression manner and explore the regulatory mechanisms of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression. Microarray data GSE59102 was used for differential analysis using a limma package. Enrichment analyses were performed for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor tissues and normal tissues at different stages. A co-expressed network involving the overlapped DEGs in two stages was established based on Pearson's correlation coefficients. Furthermore, for the tumor stage‑dependent expressed DEGs, a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by mapping the genes using the STRING database. Transcription factors (TFs), oncogenes and tumor‑associated genes (TSGs) among the DEGs were predicted, following a search of the TRANSFAC, tumor-associated gene (TAG) and TSG databases. The CDT database was used to identify LSCC‑associated genes. In total, 696 DEGs from early stage and control samples and 622 DEGs from advanced sttage and control samples were selected, which were mainly enriched in the cell cycle pathway. In the co-expressed network, BUB1, TTK, E2F1 and CEP55 were prominent, with E2F1 being predicted as a TSG and CEP55 as an oncogene. The HOX family members were predicted as TFs. MMP1, MMP9, MMP3 and PLAU were the most evident nodes in the PPI network, where MMP3 was connected with MMP1. The ADH family was correlated with LSCC. Several biomarkers with tumor stage-dependent expression were identified including MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, PLAU and ADHs. Additionally, the dysregulated cell cycle pathway involving BUB1, TTK, E2F1 and CEP55, and the mediation of MMP1 by MMP3 as well as the predicted TF HOX, may all play significant roles in LSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Hui
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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5
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Vincent-Chong VK, Salahshourifar I, Razali R, Anwar A, Zain RB. Immortalization of epithelial cells in oral carcinogenesis as revealed by genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization: A meta-analysis. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E783-97. [PMID: 25914319 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This purpose of this meta-analysis study was to identify the most frequent and potentially significant copy number alteration (CNA) in oral carcinogenesis. METHODS Seven oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-related publications, corresponding to 312 samples, were identified for this meta-analysis. The data were analyzed in a 4-step process that included the genome assembly coordination of multiple platforms, assignment of chromosomal position anchors, calling gains and losses, and functional annotation analysis. RESULTS Gains were more frequent than losses in the entire dataset. High-frequency gains were identified in chromosomes 5p, 14q, 11q, 7p, 17q, 20q, 8q, and 3q, whereas high-frequency losses were identified in chromosomes 3p, 8p, 6p, 18q, and 4q. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that the top biological function was associated with immortalization of the epithelial cells (p = 1.93E-04). CONCLUSION This study has identified multiple recurrent CNAs that are involved in various biological annotations associated with oral carcinogenesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E783-E797, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vui King Vincent-Chong
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iman Salahshourifar
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arif Anwar
- Sengenics Sdn Bhd, High Impact Research (HIR) Building, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oro-maxillofacial Surgical and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Open questions and novel concepts in oral cancer surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:1975-85. [PMID: 26003319 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of cancerous cells after surgery in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a major challenge, as it often leads to local recurrences and secondary primary tumors, which are eventually responsible for a large proportion of deaths. This persistence is currently evaluated by histological analyses. In this review we discuss some important pitfalls of the histopathological analysis, such as margin evaluation, specimen shrinkage and T staging. In addition, we critically analyze the appropriateness of current surgical techniques in relation to the concept of field cancerization. Finally, we describe some novel imaging and molecular approaches, which might be useful in tailoring surgical resections and encourage the use of OSCC animal models to explore and provide proof of concept of the feasibility and potential clinical utility of innovative surgical protocols.
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7
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Jain NS, Dürr UH, Ramamoorthy A. Bioanalytical methods for metabolomic profiling: Detection of head and neck cancer, including oral cancer. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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De Cecco L, Bossi P, Locati L, Canevari S, Licitra L. Comprehensive gene expression meta-analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microarray data defines a robust survival predictor. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1628-35. [PMID: 24827125 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma refers to a heterogeneous disease frequently aggressive in its biologic behavior. Despite the improvements in the therapeutic modalities, the long-term survival rate remained unchanged over the past decade and patients with this type of cancer are at a high risk of developing recurrence. For this reason, there is a great need to find better ways to foresee outcome, to improve treatment choices, and to enable a more personalized approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine microarray gene expression datasets, reporting survival data of a total of 841 samples, were retrieved from publicly repositories. Three datasets, profiled on the same version of microarray chips, were selected and merged following a meta-analysis approach to build a training set. The remaining six studies were used as independent validation sets. RESULTS The training set led us to identify a 172-gene signature able to stratify patients in low or high risk of relapse [log-rank, P = 2.44e-05; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-3.76]. The model based on the 172 genes was validated on the six independent datasets. The performance of the model was challenged against other proposed prognostic signatures (radiosensitivity index, 13-gene oral squamous cell carcinoma signature, hypoxia metagene, 42-gene high-risk signature) and was compared with a human papillomavirus (HPV) signature: our model resulted independent and even better in prediction. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and validated a prognostic model based on the expression of 172 genes, independent from HPV status and able to improve assessment of patient's risk of relapse compared with other molecular signatures. In order to transpose our model into a useful clinical grade assay, additional work is needed following the framework established by the Institute of Medicine and REMARK guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine
| | - P Bossi
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
| | - L Locati
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
| | - S Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Informatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Molecular Therapies, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicines, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - L Licitra
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Molecular Oncology
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9
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Romick-Rosendale LE, Lui VWY, Grandis JR, Wells SI. The Fanconi anemia pathway: repairing the link between DNA damage and squamous cell carcinoma. Mutat Res 2013; 743-744:78-88. [PMID: 23333482 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited recessive disease caused by mutations in one of fifteen genes known to encode FA pathway components. In response to DNA damage, nuclear FA proteins associate into high molecular weight complexes through a cascade of post-translational modifications and physical interactions, followed by the repair of damaged DNA. Hematopoietic cells are particularly sensitive to the loss of these interactions, and bone marrow failure occurs almost universally in FA patients. FA as a disease is further characterized by cancer susceptibility, which highlights the importance of the FA pathway in tumor suppression, and will be the focus of this review. Acute myeloid leukemia is the most common cancer type, often subsequent to bone marrow failure. However, FA patients are also at an extreme risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck and gynecological tract, with an even greater incidence in those individuals who have received a bone marrow transplant and recovered from hematopoietic disease. FA tumor suppression in hematopoietic versus epithelial compartments could be mechanistically similar or distinct. Definition of compartment specific FA activities is now critical to assess the effects of today's bone marrow failure treatments on tomorrow's solid tumor development. It is our hope that current therapies can then be optimized to decrease the risk of malignant transformation in both hematopoietic and epithelial cells. Here we review our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of the Fanconi anemia pathway as it contributes to stress responses, DNA repair and squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Romick-Rosendale
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vivian W Y Lui
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Hakim M, Billan S, Tisch U, Peng G, Dvrokind I, Marom O, Abdah-Bortnyak R, Kuten A, Haick H. Diagnosis of head-and-neck cancer from exhaled breath. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1649-55. [PMID: 21505455 PMCID: PMC3101906 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head-and-neck cancer (HNC) is the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. It is often diagnosed late due to a lack of screening methods and overall cure is achieved in <50% of patients. Head-and-neck cancer sufferers often develop a second primary tumour that can affect the entire aero-digestive tract, mostly HNC or lung cancer (LC), making lifelong follow-up necessary. Methods: Alveolar breath was collected from 87 volunteers (HNC and LC patients and healthy controls) in a cross-sectional clinical trial. The discriminative power of a tailor-made Nanoscale Artificial Nose (NA-NOSE) based on an array of five gold nanoparticle sensors was tested, using 62 breath samples. The NA-NOSE signals were analysed to detect statistically significant differences between the sub-populations using (i) principal component analysis with ANOVA and Student's t-test and (ii) support vector machines and cross-validation. The identification of NA-NOSE patterns was supported by comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the breath through gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), using 40 breath samples. Results: The NA-NOSE could clearly distinguish between (i) HNC patients and healthy controls, (ii) LC patients and healthy controls, and (iii) HNC and LC patients. The GC–MS analysis showed statistically significant differences in the chemical composition of the breath of the three groups. Conclusion: The presented results could lead to the development of a cost-effective, fast, and reliable method for the differential diagnosis of HNC that is based on breath testing with an NA-NOSE, with a future potential as screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hakim
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Abstract
As the genomics era matures, the availability of complete microbial genome sequences is facilitating computational approaches to understand bacterial genomes and DNA structure/function relationships. From the genome of pathogens, we can derive invaluable information on potential targets for new antimicrobial agents. Advancements in high-throughput 'omics' technologies and the availability of multiple isolates of the same species have significantly changed the time frame and scope for identifying novel therapeutic targets. This article aims to discuss selected aspects of the bacterial genome, and advocates 'omics'-based techniques to advance the discovery of new therapeutic targets against extracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagathihalli S Nagaraj
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Wu R, Zhao X, Wang Z, Zhou M, Chen Q. Novel Molecular Events in Oral Carcinogenesis via Integrative Approaches. J Dent Res 2010; 90:561-72. [PMID: 20940368 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510383691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.Q. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - X.F. Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Z.Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - M. Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Q.M. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Arnott D, Emmert-Buck MR. Proteomic profiling of cancer--opportunities, challenges, and context. J Pathol 2010; 222:16-20. [PMID: 20623483 DOI: 10.1002/path.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The article by Roesch-Ely and colleagues in a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology describes the use of proteomic techniques to examine mucosal biopsies in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) and in corresponding control samples. The authors were able to determine the anatomical site of origin of the biopsies based on modelling of multiplex protein datasets, and to use the information to analyse field cancerization as a means of predicting tumour recurrence. Although the study included only a relatively small number of cases, and will require future validation in a larger patient cohort, the results point to the potential of proteomics to increase our understanding of cancer biology, and in this instance to offer clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arnott
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Mahfouz ME, Rodrigo JP, Takes RP, Elsheikh MN, Rinaldo A, Brakenhoff RH, Ferlito A. Current potential and limitations of molecular diagnostic methods in head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267:851-60. [PMID: 20037788 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditional diagnostic methods such as clinical assessment, histopathological examination and imaging techniques are limited in their capacity to provide information on prognosis and treatment choice of head and neck cancer. In recent years, molecular techniques have been developed that enabled us to get more insight into the molecular biological cellular pathways underlying tumor progression and metastasis. Correlation of these molecular changes with clinical events has been explored. However, consistently useful markers have not been identified yet, although many promising developments are in progress. It may be expected that in the near future, molecular markers will be useful for clinical purposes. In this paper, an overview will be given of the several molecular techniques that may have potential to be introduced in clinical practice in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy E Mahfouz
- Department of Zoology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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15
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Nagaraj NS, Singh OV, Merchant NB. Proteomics: a strategy to understand the novel targets in protein misfolding and cancer therapy. Expert Rev Proteomics 2010; 7:613-23. [PMID: 20653514 PMCID: PMC4339030 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins carry out important functions as they fold themselves. Protein misfolding occurs during different biochemical processes and may lead to the development of diseases such as cancer, which is characterized by genetic instability. The cancer microenvironment exposes malignant cells to a variety of stressful conditions that may further promote protein misfolding. Tumor development and progression often arises from mutations that interfere with the appropriate function of tumor-suppressor proteins and oncogenes. These may be due to alteration of catalytic activity of the protein, loss of binding sites for effector proteins or alterations of the native folded protein conformation. Src family kinases, p53, mTOR and C-terminus of HSC70 interacting protein (CHIPs) are some examples associated with protein misfolding and tumorigenesis. Molecular chaperones, such as heat-shock protein (HSP)70 and HSP90, assist protein folding and recognize target misfolded proteins for degradation. It is likely that this misfolding in cancer is linked by common principles, and may, therefore, present an exciting possibility to identify common targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we aim to review a number of examples that show how alterations in the folding of tumor-suppressor proteins or oncogenes lead to tumorigenesis. The possibility of targeting the targets to repair or degrade protein misfolding in cancer therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagathihalli S Nagaraj
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN-37232, USA.
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Zhang Q, Wang G, A J, Ma B, Dua Y, Zhu L, Wu D. Metabonomic profiling of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in a rat model. Biomarkers 2009; 15:205-16. [DOI: 10.3109/13547500903419049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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