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Salunkhe S, Mishra SV, Nair J, Shah S, Gardi N, Thorat R, Sarkar D, Rajendra J, Kaur E, Dutt S. Nuclear localization of p65 reverses therapy-induced senescence. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.253203. [PMID: 33526713 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is the arrest of cell proliferation and is a tumor suppressor phenomenon. In a previous study, we have shown that therapy-induced senescence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells can prevent relapse of GBM tumors. Here, we demonstrate that ciprofloxacin-induced senescence in glioma-derived cell lines and primary glioma cultures is defined by SA-β-gal positivity, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a giant cell (GC) phenotype, increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), γ-H2AX and a senescence-associated gene expression signature, and has three stages of senescence -initiation, pseudo-senescence and permanent senescence. Ciprofloxacin withdrawal during initiation and pseudo-senescence reinitiated proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo Importantly, prolonged treatment with ciprofloxacin induced permanent senescence that failed to reverse following ciprofloxacin withdrawal. RNA-seq revealed downregulation of the p65 (RELA) transcription network, as well as incremental expression of SMAD pathway genes from initiation to permanent senescence. Ciprofloxacin withdrawal during initiation and pseudo-senescence, but not permanent senescence, increased the nuclear localization of p65 and escape from ciprofloxacin-induced senescence. By contrast, permanently senescent cells showed loss of nuclear p65 and increased apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of p65 upheld senescence in vitro and inhibited tumor formation in vivo Our study demonstrates that levels of nuclear p65 define the window of reversibility of therapy-induced senescence and that permanent senescence can be induced in GBM cells when the use of senotherapeutics is coupled with p65 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Salunkhe
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Saket V Mishra
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jyothi Nair
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sanket Shah
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.,Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Debashmita Sarkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Jacinth Rajendra
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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