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Gaborit M, Massotte D. Therapeutic potential of opioid receptor heteromers in chronic pain and associated comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:994-1013. [PMID: 34883528 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain affects 20% to 45% of the global population and is often associated with the development of anxio-depressive disorders. Treatment of this debilitating condition remains particularly challenging with opioids prescribed to alleviate moderate to severe pain. However, despite strong antinociceptive properties, numerous adverse effects limit opioid use in the clinic. Moreover, opioid misuse and abuse have become a major health concern worldwide. This prompted efforts to design original strategies that would efficiently and safely relieve pain. Targeting of opioid receptor heteromers is one of these. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of heteromers involving opioid receptors in the context of chronic pain and anxio-depressive comorbidities. It also examines how heteromerization in native tissue affects ligand binding, receptor signalling and trafficking properties. Finally, the therapeutic potential of ligands designed to specifically target opioid receptor heteromers is considered. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Gaborit
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
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Raïch I, Rebassa JB, Lillo J, Cordomi A, Rivas-Santisteban R, Lillo A, Reyes-Resina I, Franco R, Navarro G. Antagonization of OX 1 Receptor Potentiates CB 2 Receptor Function in Microglia from APP Sw/Ind Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12801. [PMID: 36361598 PMCID: PMC9656664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdialysis assays demonstrated a possible role of orexin in the regulation of amyloid beta peptide (Aß) levels in the hippocampal interstitial fluid in the APP transgenic model. CB2R is overexpressed in activated microglia, showing a neuroprotective effect. These two receptors may interact, forming CB2-OX1-Hets and becoming a new target to combat Alzheimer's disease. Aims: Demonstrate the potential role of CB2-OX1-Hets expression and function in microglia from animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Receptor heteromer expression was detected by immunocytochemistry, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia primary cultures. Quantitation of signal transduction events in a heterologous system and in microglia cells was performed using the AlphaScreen® SureFire® kit, western blot, the GCaMP6 calcium sensor and the Lance Ultra cAMP kit (PerkinElmer). The formation of CB2-OX1 receptor complexes in transfected HEK-293T cells has been demonstrated. The tetrameric complex is constituted by one CB2R homodimer, one OX1R homodimer and two G proteins, a Gi and a Gq. The use of TAT interfering peptides showed that the CB2-OX1 receptor complex interface is TM4-TM5. At the functional level it has been observed that the OX1R antagonist, SB334867, potentiates the action induced by CB2R agonist JWH133. This effect is observed in transfected HEK-293T cells and microglia, and it is stronger in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal model APPSw/Ind where the expression of the complex assessed by the proximity ligation assay indicates an increase in the number of complexes compared to resting microglia. The CB2-OX1 receptor complex is overexpressed in microglia from AD animal models where OX1R antagonists potentiate the neuroprotective actions of CB2R activation. Taken together, these results point to OX1R antagonists as drugs with therapeutic potential to combat AD. Data access statement: Raw data will be provided by the corresponding author upon reasonable requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu Raïch
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Institut, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Structure-function relationships of the disease-linked A218T oxytocin receptor variant. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:907-917. [PMID: 34980886 PMCID: PMC9054668 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been associated with behavioral traits, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other diseases. The non-synonymous SNP rs4686302 results in the OXTR variant A218T and has been linked to core characteristics of ASD, trait empathy and preterm birth. However, the molecular and intracellular mechanisms underlying those associations are still elusive. Here, we uncovered the molecular and intracellular consequences of this mutation that may affect the psychological or behavioral outcome of oxytocin (OXT)-treatment regimens in clinical studies, and provide a mechanistic explanation for an altered receptor function. We created two monoclonal HEK293 cell lines, stably expressing either the wild-type or A218T OXTR. We detected an increased OXTR protein stability, accompanied by a shift in Ca2+ dynamics and reduced MAPK pathway activation in the A218T cells. Combined whole-genome and RNA sequencing analyses in OXT-treated cells revealed 7823 differentially regulated genes in A218T compared to wild-type cells, including 429 genes being associated with ASD. Furthermore, computational modeling provided a molecular basis for the observed change in OXTR stability suggesting that the OXTR mutation affects downstream events by altering receptor activation and signaling, in agreement with our in vitro results. In summary, our study provides the cellular mechanism that links the OXTR rs4686302 SNP with genetic dysregulations associated with aspects of ASD.
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Casanovas M, Jiménez-Rosés M, Cordomí A, Lillo A, Vega-Quiroga I, Izquierdo J, Medrano M, Gysling K, Pardo L, Navarro G, Franco R. Discovery of a macromolecular complex mediating the hunger suppressive actions of cocaine: Structural and functional properties. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e13017. [PMID: 33559278 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine not only increases brain dopamine levels but also activates the sigma1 receptor (σ1 R) that in turn regulates orexigenic receptor function. Identification of interactions involving dopamine D1 (D1 R), ghrelin (GHS-R1a ), and σ1 receptors have been addressed by biophysical techniques and a complementation approach using interfering peptides. The effect of cocaine on receptor functionality was assayed by measuring second messenger, cAMP and Ca2+ , levels. The effect of acute or chronic cocaine administration on receptor complex expression was assayed by in situ proximity ligation assay. In silico procedures were used for molecular model building. σ1 R KO mice were used for confirming involvement of this receptor. Upon identification of protomer interaction and receptor functionality, a unique structural model for the macromolecular complex formed by σ1 R, D1 R, and GHS-R1a is proposed. The functionality of the complex, able to couple to both Gs and Gq proteins, is affected by cocaine binding to the σ1 R, as confirmed using samples from σ1 R-/- mice. The expression of the macromolecular complex was differentially affected upon acute and chronic cocaine administration to rats. The constructed 3D model is consistent with biochemical, biophysical, and available structural data. The σ1 R, D1 R, and GHS-R1a complex constitutes a functional unit that is altered upon cocaine binding to the σ1 R. Remarkably, the heteromer can simultaneously couple to two G proteins, thus allowing dopamine to signal via Ca2+ and ghrelin via cAMP. The anorexic action of cocaine is mediated by such complex whose expression is higher after acute than after chronic administration regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casanovas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Jiménez-Rosés
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Quiroga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joan Izquierdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Salmaso V, Jain S, Jacobson KA. Purinergic GPCR transmembrane residues involved in ligand recognition and dimerization. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 166:133-159. [PMID: 34752329 PMCID: PMC8620127 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We compare the GPCR-ligand interactions and highlight important residues for recognition in purinergic receptors-from both X-ray crystallographic and cryo-EM structures. These include A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, and P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors that respond to ADP and other nucleotides. These receptors are important drug discovery targets for immune, metabolic and nervous system disorders. In most cases, orthosteric ligands are represented, except for one allosteric P2Y1 antagonist. This review catalogs the residues and regions that engage in contacts with ligands or with other GPCR protomers in dimeric forms. Residues that are in proximity to bound ligands within purinergic GPCR families are correlated. There is extensive conservation of recognition motifs between adenosine receptors, but the P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors are each structurally distinct in their ligand recognition. Identifying common interaction features for ligand recognition within a receptor class that has multiple structures available can aid in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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