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Gou M, Duan X, Li J, Wang Y, Li Q, Pang Y, Dong Y. Spatial Metabolomics Reveals the Multifaceted Nature of Lamprey Buccal Gland and Its Diverse Mechanisms for Blood-Feeding. Commun Biol 2023; 6:881. [PMID: 37640823 PMCID: PMC10462737 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lampreys are blood-sucking vampires in marine environments. From a survival perspective, it is expected that the lamprey buccal gland exhibits a repository of pharmacologically active components to modulate the host's homeostasis, inflammatory and immune responses. By analyzing the metabolic profiles of 14 different lamprey tissues, we show that two groups of metabolites in the buccal gland of lampreys, prostaglandins and the kynurenine pathway metabolites, can be injected into the host fish to assist lamprey blood feeding. Prostaglandins are well-known blood-sucking-associated metabolites that act as vasodilators and anticoagulants to maintain vascular homeostasis and are involved in inflammatory responses. The vasomotor reactivity test on catfish aortic ring showed that kynurenine can also relax the blood vessels of the host fish, thus improving the blood flow of the host fish at the bite site. Finally, a lamprey spatial metabolomics database ( https://www.lampreydb.com ) was constructed to assist studies using lampreys as animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Abstract
Major stress has systemic effects on the body that can have adverse consequences for physical and mental health. However, the molecular basis of these damaging effects remains incompletely understood. Here we use a longitudinal approach to characterise the acute systemic impact of major psychological stress in a pig model. We perform untargeted metabolomics on non-invasively obtained saliva samples from pigs before and 24 h after transfer to the novel physical and social environment of a slaughterhouse. The main molecular changes occurring include decreases in amino acids, B-vitamins, and amino acid-derived metabolites synthesized in B-vitamin-dependent reactions, as well as yet-unidentified metabolite features. Decreased levels of several of the identified metabolites are implicated in the pathology of human psychological disorders and neurodegenerative disease, suggesting a possible neuroprotective function. Our results provide a fingerprint of the acute effect of psychological stress on the metabolome and suggest candidate biomarkers with potential roles in stress-related disorders.
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