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Hepp B, Da Cunha V, Lorieux F, Oberto J. BAGET 2.0: an updated web tool for the effortless retrieval of prokaryotic gene context and sequence. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:2750-2752. [PMID: 33532841 PMCID: PMC8428571 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The retrieval of a single gene sequence and context from completely sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes constitutes an intimidating task for the wet bench biologist. Existing web-based genome browsers are either too complex for routine use or only provide a subset of the available prokaryotic genomes. Results We have developed BAGET 2.0 (Bacterial and Archaeal Gene Exploration Tool), an updated web service granting access in just three mouse clicks to the sequence and synteny of any gene from completely sequenced bacteria and archaea. User-provided annotated genomes can be processed as well. BAGET 2.0 relies on a local database updated on a daily basis. Availability and implementation BAGET 2.0 befits all current browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera and Safari. Internet Explorer 11 is supported. BAGET 2.0 is freely accessible at https://archaea.i2bc.paris-saclay.fr/baget/
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hepp
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Florence Lorieux
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Jacques Oberto
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
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Cossu M, Da Cunha V, Toffano-Nioche C, Forterre P, Oberto J. Comparative genomics reveals conserved positioning of essential genomic clusters in highly rearranged Thermococcales chromosomes. Biochimie 2015; 118:313-21. [PMID: 26166067 PMCID: PMC4640148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of the 21 completely sequenced Thermococcales display a characteristic high level of rearrangements. As a result, the prediction of their origin and termination of replication on the sole basis of chromosomal DNA composition or skew is inoperative. Using a different approach based on biologically relevant sequences, we were able to determine oriC position in all 21 genomes. The position of dif, the site where chromosome dimers are resolved before DNA segregation could be predicted in 19 genomes. Computation of the core genome uncovered a number of essential gene clusters with a remarkably stable chromosomal position across species, in sharp contrast with the scrambled nature of their genomes. The active chromosomal reorganization of numerous genes acquired by horizontal transfer, mainly from mobile elements, could explain this phenomenon. Thermococcales chromosomal landmarks were uncovered using biologically relevant sequences. Core genomes procedures predict integration of mobile elements on Thermococcales chromosomes. Thermococcales genomes are highly rearranged but core clusters positions remain invariable. Thermococcales core genes are more expressed and predominantly encoded on the leading strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cossu
- Institute of Integrative Cellular Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Institute of Integrative Cellular Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Claire Toffano-Nioche
- Institute of Integrative Cellular Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institute of Integrative Cellular Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jacques Oberto
- Institute of Integrative Cellular Biology, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Bréchemier-Baey D, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Oberto J, Plumbridge J. Operator recognition by the ROK transcription factor family members, NagC and Mlc. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:361-72. [PMID: 25452338 PMCID: PMC4288165 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NagC and Mlc, paralogous members of the ROK family of proteins with almost identical helix-turn-helix DNA binding motifs, specifically regulate genes for transport and utilization of N-acetylglucosamine and glucose. We previously showed that two amino acids in a linker region outside the canonical helix-turn-helix motif are responsible for Mlc site specificity. In this work we identify four amino acids in the linker, which are required for recognition of NagC targets. These amino acids allow Mlc and NagC to distinguish between a C/G and an A/T bp at positions ±11 of the operators. One linker position, glycine in NagC and arginine in Mlc, corresponds to the major specificity determinant for the two proteins. In certain contexts it is possible to switch repression from Mlc-style to NagC-style, by interchanging this glycine and arginine. Secondary determinants are supplied by other linker positions or the helix-turn-helix motif. A wide genomic survey of unique ROK proteins shows that glycine- and arginine-rich sequences are present in the linkers of nearly all ROK family repressors. Conserved short sequence motifs, within the branches of the ROK evolutionary tree, suggest that these sequences could also be involved in operator recognition in other ROK family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bréchemier-Baey
- CNRS-FRE3630 (ex UPR9073), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Division de Ciencias Biologicas y la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Jacques Oberto
- UMR8621-CNRS Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jacqueline Plumbridge
- CNRS-FRE3630 (ex UPR9073), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue P. et M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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Gorlas A, Croce O, Oberto J, Gauliard E, Forterre P, Marguet E. Thermococcus
nautili sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal deep-sea vent. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:1802-1810. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.060376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermococcus nautili, strain 30-1T (formerly reported as Thermococcus nautilus), was isolated from a hydrothermal chimney sample collected from the East Pacific Rise at a depth of 2633 m on the ‘La chainette PP57’ area. Cells were motile, irregular cocci with a polar tuft of flagella (0.8–1.5 µm) and divided by constriction. The micro-organism grew optimally at 87.5 °C (range 55–95 °C), at pH 7 (range pH 4–9) and with 2 % NaCl (range 1–4 %). Doubling time was 64 min in Zillig’s broth medium under optimal conditions. Growth was strictly anaerobic. It grew preferentially in the presence of elemental sulfur or cystine, which are reduced to H2S, on complex organic substrates such as yeast extract, tryptone, peptone, Casamino acids and casein. Slow growth was observed on starch and pyruvate. Strain 30-1T was resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracyclin (at 100 µg ml−1) but sensitive to kanamycin and rifampicin. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 54 mol%. Strain 30-1T harboured three plasmids named pTN1, pTN2 and pTN3 and produced membrane vesicles that incorporate pTN1 and pTN3. As determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 30-1T is related most closely to Thermococcus sp. AM4 (99.3 % similarity) and
Thermococcus gammatolerans
DSM 15229T (99.2 %). DNA–DNA hybridization values (in silico) with these two closest relatives were below the threshold value of 70 % (33 % with Thermococcus sp. AM4 and 32 % with
T. gammatolerans
DSM 15229T) and confirmed that strain 30-1 represents a novel species. On the basis of the data presented, strain 30-1T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus
Thermococcus
, for which the name Thermococcus nautili sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 30-1T ( = CNCM 4275 = JCM 19601).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Gorlas
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Croce
- Université Aix-Marseille, Faculté de médecine, CNRS UMR7278, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Oberto
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Gauliard
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Marguet
- Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR8621, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Overmars L, Kerkhoven R, Siezen RJ, Francke C. MGcV: the microbial genomic context viewer for comparative genome analysis. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:209. [PMID: 23547764 PMCID: PMC3639932 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conserved gene context is used in many types of comparative genome analyses. It is used to provide leads on gene function, to guide the discovery of regulatory sequences, but also to aid in the reconstruction of metabolic networks. We present the Microbial Genomic context Viewer (MGcV), an interactive, web-based application tailored to strengthen the practice of manual comparative genome context analysis for bacteria. Results MGcV is a versatile, easy-to-use tool that renders a visualization of the genomic context of any set of selected genes, genes within a phylogenetic tree, genomic segments, or regulatory elements. It is tailored to facilitate laborious tasks such as the interactive annotation of gene function, the discovery of regulatory elements, or the sequence-based reconstruction of gene regulatory networks. We illustrate that MGcV can be used in gene function annotation by visually integrating information on prokaryotic genes, like their annotation as available from NCBI with other annotation data such as Pfam domains, sub-cellular location predictions and gene-sequence characteristics such as GC content. We also illustrate the usefulness of the interactive features that allow the graphical selection of genes to facilitate data gathering (e.g. upstream regions, ID’s or annotation), in the analysis and reconstruction of transcription regulation. Moreover, putative regulatory elements and their corresponding scores or data from RNA-seq and microarray experiments can be uploaded, visualized and interpreted in (ranked-) comparative context maps. The ranked maps allow the interpretation of predicted regulatory elements and experimental data in light of each other. Conclusion MGcV advances the manual comparative analysis of genes and regulatory elements by providing fast and flexible integration of gene related data combined with straightforward data retrieval. MGcV is available at http://mgcv.cmbi.ru.nl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lex Overmars
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, Nijmegen, 6525GA, The Netherlands.
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Oberto J. SyntTax: a web server linking synteny to prokaryotic taxonomy. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 23323735 PMCID: PMC3571937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study of the conservation of gene order or synteny constitutes a powerful methodology to assess the orthology of genomic regions and to predict functional relationships between genes. The exponential growth of microbial genomic databases is expected to improve synteny predictions significantly. Paradoxically, this genomic data plethora, without information on organisms relatedness, could impair the performance of synteny analysis programs. Results In this work, I present SyntTax, a synteny web service designed to take full advantage of the large amount or archaeal and bacterial genomes by linking them through taxonomic relationships. SyntTax incorporates a full hierarchical taxonomic tree allowing intuitive access to all completely sequenced prokaryotes. Single or multiple organisms can be chosen on the basis of their lineage by selecting the corresponding rank nodes in the tree. The synteny methodology is built upon our previously described Absynte algorithm with several additional improvements. Conclusions SyntTax aims to produce robust syntenies by providing prompt access to the taxonomic relationships connecting all completely sequenced microbial genomes. The reduction in redundancy offered by lineage selection presents the benefit of increasing accuracy while reducing computation time. This web tool was used to resolve successfully several conserved complex gene clusters described in the literature. In addition, particular features of SyntTax permit the confirmation of the involvement of the four components constituting the E. coli YgjD multiprotein complex responsible for tRNA modification. By analyzing the clustering evolution of alternative gene fusions, new proteins potentially interacting with this complex could be proposed. The web service is available at http://archaea.u-psud.fr/SyntTax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Oberto
- Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, UMR8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, 91405, Orsay, France.
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Mello LV, Rigden DJ. A new family of bacterial DNA repair proteins annotated by the integration of non-homology, distant homology and structural bioinformatic methods. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3908-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sridhar J, Sabarinathan R, Balan SS, Rafi ZA, Gunasekaran P, Sekar K. Junker: an intergenic explorer for bacterial genomes. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 9:179-82. [PMID: 22196361 PMCID: PMC5054447 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(11)60021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, scientists from all over the world have taken a keen interest in novel functional units such as small regulatory RNAs, small open reading frames, pseudogenes, transposons, integrase binding attB/attP sites, repeat elements within the bacterial intergenic regions (IGRs) and in the analysis of those “junk” regions for genomic complexity. Here we have developed a web server, named Junker, to facilitate the in-depth analysis of IGRs for examining their length distribution, four-quadrant plots, GC percentage and repeat details. Upon selection of a particular bacterial genome, the physical genome map is displayed as a multiple loci with options to view any loci of interest in detail. In addition, an IGR statistics module has been created and implemented in the web server to analyze the length distribution of the IGRs and to understand the disordered grouping of IGRs across the genome by generating the four-quadrant plots. The proposed web server is freely available at the URL http://pranag.physics.iisc.ernet.in/junker/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavel Sridhar
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamilnadu, India
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Despalins A, Marsit S, Oberto J. Absynte: a web tool to analyze the evolution of orthologous archaeal and bacterial gene clusters. Bioinformatics 2011; 27:2905-6. [PMID: 21840875 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Absynte (Archaeal and Bacterial Synteny Explorer) is a web-based service designed to display local syntenies in completely sequenced prokaryotic chromosomes. The genomic contexts are determined with a multiple center star clustering topology on the basis of a user-provided protein sequence and all (or a set of) chromosomes from the publicly available archaeal and bacterial genomes. The results consist in a dynamic web page where a consistent color-coding permits a rapid visual evaluation of the relative positioning of genes with similar sequences within the synteny. Each gene composing the synteny can be further queried interactively using either local or remote databases. Absynte results can be exported in .CSV or high-resolution, .PDF formats for printing, archival, further editing or publication purposes. Performance, real-time computation, user-friendliness and daily database updates constitute the principal advantages of Absynte over similar web services. AVAILABILITY http://archaea.u-psud.fr/absynte CONTACT jacques.oberto@igmors.u-psud.fr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Despalins
- Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, UMR8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Levitskiy S, Sycheva A, Kharlampieva D, Oberto J, Kamashev D, Serebryakova M, Moshkovskii S, Lazarev V, Govorun V. Purification and functional analysis of recombinant Acholeplasma laidlawii histone-like HU protein. Biochimie 2011; 93:1102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Oberto J. FITBAR: a web tool for the robust prediction of prokaryotic regulons. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:554. [PMID: 21070640 PMCID: PMC3098098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The binding of regulatory proteins to their specific DNA targets determines the accurate expression of the neighboring genes. The in silico prediction of new binding sites in completely sequenced genomes is a key aspect in the deeper understanding of gene regulatory networks. Several algorithms have been described to discriminate against false-positives in the prediction of new binding targets; however none of them has been implemented so far to assist the detection of binding sites at the genomic scale. Results FITBAR (Fast Investigation Tool for Bacterial and Archaeal Regulons) is a web service designed to identify new protein binding sites on fully sequenced prokaryotic genomes. This tool consists in a workbench where the significance of the predictions can be compared using different statistical methods, a feature not found in existing resources. The Local Markov Model and the Compound Importance Sampling algorithms have been implemented to compute the P-value of newly discovered binding sites. In addition, FITBAR provides two optimized genomic scanning algorithms using either log-odds or entropy-weighted position-specific scoring matrices. Other significant features include the production of a detailed genomic context map for each detected binding site and the export of the search results in spreadsheet and portable document formats. FITBAR discovery of a high affinity Escherichia coli NagC binding site was validated experimentally in vitro as well as in vivo and published. Conclusions FITBAR was developed in order to allow fast, accurate and statistically robust predictions of prokaryotic regulons. This feature constitutes the main advantage of this web tool over other matrix search programs and does not impair its performance. The web service is available at http://archaea.u-psud.fr/fitbar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Oberto
- Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, Orsay, France.
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Oberto J, Breuil N, Hecker A, Farina F, Brochier-Armanet C, Culetto E, Forterre P. Qri7/OSGEPL, the mitochondrial version of the universal Kae1/YgjD protein, is essential for mitochondrial genome maintenance. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:5343-52. [PMID: 19578062 PMCID: PMC2760799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Qri7 and human OSGEPL are members of the orthologous Kae1(OSGEP)/YgjD protein family, the last class of universally conserved proteins without assigned function. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the eukaryotic Qri7(OSGEPL) proteins originated from bacterial YgjD proteins. We have recently shown that the archaeal Kae1 protein is a DNA-binding protein that exhibits apurinic endonuclease activity in vitro. We show here that the Qri7/OSGEPL proteins localize in mitochondria and are involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance in two model eukaryotic organisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae Qri7 complements the loss of the bacterial YgjD protein in Escherichia coli, suggesting that Qri7/OSGEPL and YgjD proteins have retained similar functions in modern organisms. We suggest to name members of the Kae1(OSGEP)/YgjD family UGMP, for Universal Genome Maintenance Proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Oberto
- Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS, UMR8621, Institut de Génétique et Microbiologie, 91405 Orsay, France
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Oberto J, Nabti S, Jooste V, Mignot H, Rouviere-Yaniv J. The HU regulon is composed of genes responding to anaerobiosis, acid stress, high osmolarity and SOS induction. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4367. [PMID: 19194530 PMCID: PMC2634741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Escherichia coli heterodimeric HU protein is a small DNA-bending protein associated with the bacterial nucleoid. It can introduce negative supercoils into closed circular DNA in the presence of topoisomerase I. Cells lacking HU grow very poorly and display many phenotypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyzed the transcription profile of every Escherichia coli gene in the absence of one or both HU subunits. This genome-wide in silico transcriptomic approach, performed in parallel with in vivo genetic experimentation, defined the HU regulon. This large regulon, which comprises 8% of the genome, is composed of four biologically relevant gene classes whose regulation responds to anaerobiosis, acid stress, high osmolarity, and SOS induction. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The regulation a large number of genes encoding enzymes involved in energy metabolism and catabolism pathways by HU explains the highly pleiotropic phenotype of HU-deficient cells. The uniform chromosomal distribution of the many operons regulated by HU strongly suggests that the transcriptional and nucleoid architectural functions of HU constitute two aspects of a unique protein-DNA interaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Oberto
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Bactérienne, CNRS, UPR 9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JO); (JR-Y)
| | - Sabrina Nabti
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Bactérienne, CNRS, UPR 9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Jooste
- INSERM, UMR 866, Epidemiology and Biostatistics group, University of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | | | - Josette Rouviere-Yaniv
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Bactérienne, CNRS, UPR 9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JO); (JR-Y)
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