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Bodosa J, Klauda JB. Metadynamics Study of Lipid-Mediated Antibacterial Toxin Binding to the EmrE Multiefflux Protein. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:8712-8723. [PMID: 39197021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
EmrE is a bacterial efflux protein in the small multidrug-resistant (SMR) family present in Escherichia coli. Due to its small size, 110 residues in each dimer subunit, it is an ideal model system to study ligand-protein-membrane interactions. Here in our work, we have calculated the free energy landscape of benzyltrimetylammonium (BTMA) and tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP) binding to EmrE using the enhanced sampling method-multiple walker metadynamics. We estimate that the free energy of BTMA binding to EmrE is -21.2 ± 3.3 kJ/mol and for TPP is -43.6 ± 3.8 kJ/mol. BTMA passes through two metastable states to reach the binding pocket, while TPP has a more complex binding landscape with four metastable states and one main binding site. Our simulations show that the ligands interact with the membrane lipids at a distance 1 nm away from the binding site which forms a broad local minimum, consistent for both BTMA and TPP. This site can be an alternate entry point for ligands to partition from the membrane into the protein, especially for bulky and/or branched ligands. We also observed the membrane lipid and C-terminal 110HisA form salt-bridge interactions with the helix-1 residue 22LysB. Our free energy estimates and clusters are in close agreement with experimental data and give us an atomistic view of the ligand-protein-lipid interactions. Understanding the binding pathway of these ligands can guide us in future design of ligands that can alter or halt the function of EmrE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bodosa
- Biophysics Program, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Biophysics Program, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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2
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Borowska AM, Chiariello MG, Garaeva AA, Rheinberger J, Marrink SJ, Paulino C, Slotboom DJ. Structural basis of the obligatory exchange mode of human neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6570. [PMID: 39095408 PMCID: PMC11297037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
ASCT2 is an obligate exchanger of neutral amino acids, contributing to cellular amino acid homeostasis. ASCT2 belongs to the same family (SLC1) as Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAATs) that concentrate glutamate in the cytosol. The mechanism that makes ASCT2 an exchanger rather than a concentrator remains enigmatic. Here, we employ cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the structural basis of the exchange mechanism of ASCT2. We establish that ASCT2 binds three Na+ ions per transported substrate and visits a state that likely acts as checkpoint in preventing Na+ ion leakage, both features shared with EAATs. However, in contrast to EAATs, ASCT2 retains one Na+ ion even under Na+-depleted conditions. We demonstrate that ASCT2 cannot undergo the structural transition in TM7 that is essential for the concentrative transport cycle of EAATs. This structural rigidity and the high-affinity Na+ binding site effectively confine ASCT2 to an exchange mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Borowska
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Gabriella Chiariello
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular Dynamics Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alisa A Garaeva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Rheinberger
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Molecular Dynamics Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Paulino
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Dirk J Slotboom
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, Membrane Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wen K, Wang S, Sun Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Li Q. Mechanistic insights into the conversion of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to 8-formyl FAD in formate oxidase: a combined experimental and in-silico study. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:67. [PMID: 38985371 PMCID: PMC11236828 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Formate oxidase (FOx), which contains 8-formyl flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), exhibits a distinct advantage in utilizing ambient oxygen molecules for the oxidation of formic acid compared to other glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase enzymes that contain only the standard FAD cofactor. The FOx-mediated conversion of FAD to 8-formyl FAD results in an approximate 10-fold increase in formate oxidase activity. However, the mechanistic details underlying the autocatalytic formation of 8-formyl FAD are still not well understood, which impedes further utilization of FOx. In this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulation, QM/MM umbrella sampling simulation, enzyme activity assay, site-directed mutagenesis, and spectroscopic analysis to elucidate the oxidation mechanism of FAD to 8-formyl FAD. Our results reveal that a catalytic water molecule, rather than any catalytic amino acids, serves as a general base to deprotonate the C8 methyl group on FAD, thus facilitating the formation of a quinone-methide tautomer intermediate. An oxygen molecule subsequently oxidizes this intermediate, resulting in a C8 methyl hydroperoxide anion that is protonated and dissociated to form OHC-RP and OH-. During the oxidation of FAD to 8-formyl FAD, the energy barrier for the rate-limiting step is calculated to be 22.8 kcal/mol, which corresponds to the required 14-hour transformation time observed experimentally. Further, the elucidated oxidation mechanism reveals that the autocatalytic formation of 8-formyl FAD depends on the proximal arginine and serine residues, R87 and S94, respectively. Enzymatic activity assay validates that the mutation of R87 to lysine reduces the kcat value to 75% of the wild-type, while the mutation to histidine results in a complete loss of activity. Similarly, the mutant S94I also leads to the deactivation of enzyme. This dependency arises because the nucleophilic OH- group and the quinone-methide tautomer intermediate are stabilized through the noncovalent interaction provided by R87 and S94. These findings not only explain the mechanistic details of each reaction step but also clarify the functional role of R87 and S94 during the oxidative maturation of 8-formyl FAD, thereby providing crucial theoretical support for the development of novel flavoenzymes with enhanced redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Sirui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mengsong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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4
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Chowdhury PR, Kawade M, Patwari GN. Mechanistic variances in NO release: ortho vs. meta isomers of nitrophenol and nitroaniline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5431-5434. [PMID: 38686426 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The NO release following 266 nm photolysis of ortho and meta isomers of nitrophenol and nitroaniline shows a bimodal translational energy distribution, wherein the slow and fast components originate from dynamics in the S0 and T1 states, respectively. The translational energy distribution profiles for any NO product state show a higher slow-to-fast (s/f) branching ratio for the ortho isomer in comparison with the meta isomer. The observed variation in the s/f branching ratio vis-à-vis the ortho and meta isomers is attributed to the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the ortho substituent and NO2 moiety, which favours the roaming mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Monali Kawade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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5
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Inoue M, Ekimoto T, Yamane T, Ikeguchi M. Computational Analysis of Activation of Dimerized Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Using the String Method and Markov State Model. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:3884-3895. [PMID: 38670929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is accompanied by dimerization. During the activation of the intracellular kinase domain, two EGFR kinases form an asymmetric dimer, and one side of the dimer (receiver) is activated. Using the string method and Markov state model (MSM), we performed a computational analysis of the structural changes in the activation of the EGFR dimer in this study. The string method reveals the minimum free-energy pathway (MFEP) from the inactive to active structure. The MSM was constructed from numerous trajectories of molecular dynamics simulations around the MFEP, which revealed the free-energy map of structural changes. In the activation of the receiver kinase, the unfolding of the activation loop (A-loop) is followed by the rearrangement of the C-helix, as observed in other kinases. However, unlike other kinases, the free-energy map of EGFR at the asymmetric dimer showed that the active state yielded the highest stability and revealed how interactions at the dimer interface induced receiver activation. As the H-helix of the activator approaches the C-helix of the receiver during activation, the A-loop unfolds. Subsequently, L782 of the receiver enters the pocket between the G- and H-helices of the activator, leading to a rearrangement of the hydrophobic residues around L782 of the receiver, which constitutes a structural rearrangement of the C-helix of the receiver from an outward to an inner position. The MSM analysis revealed long-time scale trajectories via kinetic Monte Carlo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Inoue
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamane
- HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- HPC- and AI-driven Drug Development Platform Division, Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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6
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Kumar N, Khatua P, Sinha SK. Can local heating and molecular crowders disintegrate amyloid aggregates? Chem Sci 2024; 15:6095-6105. [PMID: 38665536 PMCID: PMC11040654 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study employs a blend of molecular dynamics simulations and a theoretical model to explore the potential disintegration mechanism of a matured Aβ octamer, aiming to offer a strategy to combat Alzheimer's disease. We investigate local heating and crowding effects on Aβ disintegration by selectively heating key Aβ segments and varying the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), respectively. Despite initiation of disruption, Aβ aggregates resist complete disintegration during local heating due to rapid thermal energy distribution to the surrounding water. Conversely, although SDS molecules effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation at higher concentration through micelle formation, they fail to completely disintegrate the aggregate due to the exceedingly high energy barrier. To address the sampling challenge posed by the formidable energy barrier, we have performed well-tempered metadynamics simulations. Simulations reveal a multi-step disintegration mechanism for the Aβ octamer, suggesting a probable sequence: octamer → pentamer/hexamer ⇌ tetramer → monomer, with a rate-determining step constituting 45 kJ mol-1 barrier during the octamer to pentamer/hexamer transition. Additionally, we have proposed a novel two-state mean-field model based on Ising spins that offers an insight into the kinetics of the Aβ growth process and external perturbation effects on disintegration. Thus, the current simulation study, coupled with the newly introduced mean-field model, offers an insight into the detailed mechanisms underlying the Aβ aggregation process, guiding potential strategies for effective disintegration of Aβ aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Biophysical Chemistry Group, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India +91-01881-232066
| | - Prabir Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University) Bengaluru 562163 India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Biophysical Chemistry Group, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Rupnagar Punjab 140001 India +91-01881-232066
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7
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Biswas K, Chen Q, Obermann S, Ma J, Soler-Polo D, Melidonie J, Barragán A, Sánchez-Grande A, Lauwaet K, Gallego JM, Miranda R, Écija D, Jelínek P, Feng X, Urgel JI. On-Surface Synthesis of Non-Benzenoid Nanographenes Embedding Azulene and Stone-Wales Topologies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318185. [PMID: 38299925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of non-benzenoid motifs in graphene nanostructures significantly impacts their properties, making them attractive for applications in carbon-based electronics. However, understanding how specific non-benzenoid structures influence their properties remains limited, and further investigations are needed to fully comprehend their implications. Here, we report an on-surface synthetic strategy toward fabricating non-benzenoid nanographenes containing different combinations of pentagonal and heptagonal rings. Their structure and electronic properties were investigated via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, complemented by computational investigations. After thermal activation of the precursor P on the Au(111) surface, we detected two major nanographene products. Nanographene Aa-a embeds two azulene units formed through oxidative ring-closure of methyl substituents, while Aa-s contains one azulene unit and one Stone-Wales defect, formed by the combination of oxidative ring-closure and skeletal ring-rearrangement reactions. Aa-a exhibits an antiferromagnetic ground state with the highest magnetic exchange coupling reported up to date for a non-benzenoid containing nanographene, coexisting with side-products with closed shell configurations resulted from the combination of ring-closure and ring-rearragement reactions (Ba-a , Ba-s , Bs-a and Bs-s ). Our results provide insights into the single gold atom assisted synthesis of novel NGs containing non-benzenoid motifs and their tailored electronic/magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Biswas
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Diego Soler-Polo
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jason Melidonie
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Barragán
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Gallego
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavel Jelínek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, CZ-16253, Praha, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience, C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Nanomateriales avanzados, IMDEA Nanoscience, Unidad asociada al CSIC por el ICMM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Saha A, Ahsan M, Arantes PR, Schmitz M, Chanez C, Jinek M, Palermo G. An alpha-helical lid guides the target DNA toward catalysis in CRISPR-Cas12a. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1473. [PMID: 38368461 PMCID: PMC10874386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas12a is a powerful RNA-guided genome-editing system that generates double-strand DNA breaks using its single RuvC nuclease domain by a sequential mechanism in which initial cleavage of the non-target strand is followed by target strand cleavage. How the spatially distant DNA target strand traverses toward the RuvC catalytic core is presently not understood. Here, continuous tens of microsecond-long molecular dynamics and free-energy simulations reveal that an α-helical lid, located within the RuvC domain, plays a pivotal role in the traversal of the DNA target strand by anchoring the crRNA:target strand duplex and guiding the target strand toward the RuvC core, as also corroborated by DNA cleavage experiments. In this mechanism, the REC2 domain pushes the crRNA:target strand duplex toward the core of the enzyme, while the Nuc domain aids the bending and accommodation of the target strand within the RuvC core by bending inward. Understanding of this critical process underlying Cas12a activity will enrich fundamental knowledge and facilitate further engineering strategies for genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Saha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
| | - Mohd Ahsan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
| | - Pablo R Arantes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA
| | - Michael Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Chanez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Palermo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 52512, USA.
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9
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Roy RK, Patra N. Probing the pH Sensitivity of OprM: Insights into Metastable States and Semi-Open Conformation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:622-634. [PMID: 38047375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Efflux pumps are specialized transport proteins that play a key role in the bacterial defense against a wide spectrum of antibiotics. Hence, understanding the biophysical mechanism associated with this complex system of drug expulsion becomes crucial. This work deals with some vital aspects of the outer membrane factor (OMF) of MexAB-OprM. After being passed through MexB and MexA, efflux substrates have to go through OprM for their final judgment. Thus, it is very important to understand the periplasmic pore opening mechanism and the associated biophysical changes during this process. Our study captures a detailed analysis of the pore opening mechanism involving OprM. With powerful molecular dynamics (MD) techniques such as well-tempered metadynamics, the presence of metastable states in between open and closed states was confirmed. Also, upon mutating R376, the energy barrier for the conversion of the close to open conformation decreases, indicating an important role played by the residue. Further, constant pH MD was performed to capture the effect of pH in both conformations. OprM exhibits distinct conformational states at pH values greater than 5.5 and lower than 5.5, suggesting its pH-responsive characteristics. Overall, our study elucidates a crucial undertaking toward discovering potential inhibitors for MexAB-OprM efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
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10
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Alhassan A, Yu M. Insight into the stacking effect on shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene: a comprehensive first-principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:155701. [PMID: 38198734 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1d14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to deeply understand how the interlayer interaction acts on controlling the structural and electronic properties of shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene. A comprehensive first-principles study on the bilayer phosphorene through relative translation along different directions has revealed that there is a direct correlation between the potential energy surface and the interlayer equilibrium distance. The shorter the interlayer distance, the lower the potential energy surface. The shifted patterns with the most stable state, the metastable state, and the transition state (with energy barrier of ∼1.3 meV/atom) were found associated with the AB, the Aδ, and the TS stacking configurations, respectively. The high energy barriers, on the other hand, are ∼9.3 meV/atom at the AA stacking configuration along the zigzag pathway, ∼5.3 meV/atom at the AB' stacking configuration along the armchair pathway, and ∼11.2 meV/atom at the AA' stacking configuration along the diagonal pathway, respectively. The character of electronic bandgap with respect to the shifting shows an anisotropic behavior (with the value of 0.69-1.22 eV). A transition from the indirect to the direct bandgap occurs under the shifting, implying a tunable bandgap by stacking engineering. Furthermore, the orbital hybridization at the interfacial region induces a redistribution of the net charge (∼0.002-0.011e) associated with the relative shifting between layers, leading to a strong polarization with stripe-like electron depletion near the lone pairs and accumulation in the middle of the interfacial region. It is expected that such interesting findings will provide a fundamental reference to deeply understand and analyze the complex local structural and electronic properties of twisted bilayer phosphorene and will make the shifted patterns of bilayer phosphorene promising for nanoelectronics as versatile shiftronics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswad Alhassan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
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11
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Bonati L, Polino D, Pizzolitto C, Biasi P, Eckert R, Reitmeier S, Schlögl R, Parrinello M. The role of dynamics in heterogeneous catalysis: Surface diffusivity and N 2 decomposition on Fe(111). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313023120. [PMID: 38060558 PMCID: PMC10723053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313023120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamics has long been recognized to play an important role in heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, until recently, it has been impossible to study their dynamical behavior at industry-relevant temperatures. Using a combination of machine learning potentials and advanced simulation techniques, we investigate the cleavage of the N[Formula: see text] triple bond on the Fe(111) surface. We find that at low temperatures our results agree with the well-established picture. However, if we increase the temperature to reach operando conditions, the surface undergoes a global dynamical change and the step structure of the Fe(111) surface is destabilized. The catalytic sites, traditionally associated with this surface, appear and disappear continuously. Our simulations illuminate the danger of extrapolating low-temperature results to operando conditions and indicate that the catalytic activity can only be inferred from calculations that take dynamics fully into account. More than that, they show that it is the transition to this highly fluctuating interfacial environment that drives the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bonati
- Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova16152, Italy
| | - Daniela Polino
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano6962, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Pizzolitto
- Basic Research, Research and Development Division, Casale SA, Lugano6900, Switzerland
| | - Pierdomenico Biasi
- Basic Research, Research and Development Division, Casale SA, Lugano6900, Switzerland
| | - Rene Eckert
- BU Catalysts, R&D Syngas Applications, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich83052, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitmeier
- BU Catalysts, R&D Syngas Applications, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Munich83052, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck-Society, Berlin14195, Germany
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Atomistic Simulations, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova16152, Italy
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12
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Tran N, Dasari S, Barwell SAE, McLeod MJ, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Holyoak T, Ganesan A. The H163A mutation unravels an oxidized conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5625. [PMID: 37699927 PMCID: PMC10497556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) is an important target for developing COVID-19 therapeutics. Recent work has highlighted Mpro's susceptibility to undergo redox-associated conformational changes in response to cellular and immune-system-induced oxidation. Despite structural evidence indicating large-scale rearrangements upon oxidation, the mechanisms of conformational change and its functional consequences are poorly understood. Here, we present the crystal structure of an Mpro point mutant (H163A) that shows an oxidized conformation with the catalytic cysteine in a disulfide bond. We hypothesize that Mpro adopts this conformation under oxidative stress to protect against over-oxidation. Our metadynamics simulations illustrate a potential mechanism by which H163 modulates this transition and suggest that this equilibrium exists in the wild type enzyme. We show that other point mutations also significantly shift the equilibrium towards this state by altering conformational free energies. Unique avenues of SARS-CoV-2 research can be explored by understanding how H163 modulates this equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Tran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sathish Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sarah A E Barwell
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Subha Kalyaanamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Todd Holyoak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan's Lab, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 10A Victoria Street South, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.
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13
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Bejoy NB, Patwari GN. Photodegradation of Flutamide and Halogen Derivatives of Nitrobenzotrifluoride: The NO Release Channel. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7168-7174. [PMID: 37589077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug flutamide has been long linked to the photoisomerization involving the nitro group. In this work, the dynamics of NO photoelimination upon photolysis at 266 nm of flutamide, nitrobenzotrifluoride, and its halogen derivatives were investigated. Similar to nitrobenzene and its derivatives, a bimodal translational energy distribution was observed for the NO photofragment indicating the presence of two distinct elimination channels resulting in slow and fast components. The trends in the slow/fast branching ratio show that halogen substitution at the para position increases the triplet state yield due to the internal heavy-atom effect leading to enhancement of the fast component. Furthermore, the topology of the triplet state potential energy surface showed that the minimum energy path favors the oxaziridine ring-type intermediate over the NO2 roaming mechanism in all five molecules investigated. The steric interaction between the NO2 group and the CF3 group, which are placed in the ortho position, lowers the barrier for the formation of the oxaziridine transition state compared to that of nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namitha Brijit Bejoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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14
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Seitz E, Frank J, Schwander P. Beyond ManifoldEM: geometric relationships between manifold embeddings of a continuum of 3D molecular structures and their 2D projections. DIGITAL DISCOVERY 2023; 2:702-717. [PMID: 37312683 PMCID: PMC10259371 DOI: 10.1039/d2dd00128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ManifoldEM is an established method of geometric machine learning developed to extract information on conformational motions of molecules from their projections obtained by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). In a previous work, in-depth analysis of the properties of manifolds obtained for simulated ground-truth data from molecules exhibiting domain motions has led to improvements of this method, as demonstrated in selected applications of single-particle cryo-EM. In the present work this analysis has been extended to investigate the properties of manifolds constructed by embedding data from synthetic models represented by atomic coordinates in motion, or three-dimensional density maps from biophysical experiments other than single-particle cryo-EM, with extensions to cryo-electron tomography and single-particle imaging with a X-ray free-electron laser. Our theoretical analysis revealed interesting relationships between all these manifolds, which can be exploited in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Seitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York NY 10032 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center New York NY 10032 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Peter Schwander
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee WI 53211 USA
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15
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Bejoy NB, Roy Chowdhury P, Patwari GN. Modulating the Roaming Dynamics for the NO Release in ortho-Nitrobenzenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2816-2822. [PMID: 36912644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of NO release upon photodissociation of nitroaromatic compounds is dependent on the nature of the interaction between the NO2 group and substituent in the ortho position. A bimodal (slow and fast) translational energy distribution of the NO photofragment indicates the presence of two distinct NO elimination channels. The slow-to-fast branching ratio for the NO release is regulated by the hydrogen bonding ability of the ortho substituent and follows the order [OH > NH2 > CH3 > OCH3], indicating that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding plays a pivotal role in NO release dynamics. Further, the topology of the triplet state potential energy surface acts as a doorway to the dissociation pathway switching between the roaming and nonroaming mechanisms, with hydrogen bonding substituents (OH and NH2) favoring the roaming mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namitha Brijit Bejoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prahlad Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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16
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Figueiredo P, González RD, Carvalho ATP. Insights into the Degradation of Polymer-Drug Conjugates by an Overexpressed Enzyme in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2761-2772. [PMID: 36787193 PMCID: PMC9969400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been made to provide better treatments to cancer patients. Currently, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have gained propulsion, as they can overcome the drawbacks of free drugs. However, drug stability inside the nanocapsule must be ensured to prevent burst release. To overcome this, drugs conjugated to amphiphilic copolymers, assembled into nanoparticles, can provide a sustained release if endogenously degraded. Thus, we have designed and assessed the drug release viability of polymer-drug conjugates by the human Carboxylesterase 2, for a targeted drug activation. We performed molecular dynamics simulations applying a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics potential to study the degradation profiles of 30 designed conjugates, where six were predicted to be hydrolyzed by this enzyme. We further analyzed the enzyme-substrate environment to delve into what structural features may lead to successful hydrolysis. These findings contribute to the development of new medicines ensuring effective cancer treatments with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro
R. Figueiredo
- CNC
− Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary
Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,PhD
Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary
Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo D. González
- CNC
− Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary
Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,PhD
Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary
Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra T. P. Carvalho
- CNC
− Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary
Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal,Department
of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac
Sciences, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom,
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17
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Arafet K, Scalvini L, Galvani F, Martí S, Moliner V, Mor M, Lodola A. Mechanistic Modeling of Lys745 Sulfonylation in EGFR C797S Reveals Chemical Determinants for Inhibitor Activity and Discriminates Reversible from Irreversible Agents. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1301-1312. [PMID: 36762429 PMCID: PMC9976278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted covalent inhibitors hold promise for drug discovery, particularly for kinases. Targeting the catalytic lysine of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has attracted attention as a new strategy to overcome resistance due to the emergence of C797S mutation. Sulfonyl fluoride derivatives able to inhibit EGFRL858R/T790M/C797S by sulfonylation of Lys745 have been reported. However, atomistic details of this process are still poorly understood. Here, we describe the mechanism of inhibition of an innovative class of compounds that covalently engage the catalytic lysine of EGFR, through a sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) process, with the help of hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and path collective variables (PCVs) approaches. Our simulations identify the chemical determinants accounting for the irreversible activity of agents targeting Lys745 and provide hints for the further optimization of sulfonyl fluoride agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemel Arafet
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy,BioComp
Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Galvani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Martí
- BioComp
Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Vicent Moliner
- BioComp
Group, Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy,Microbiome
Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento
di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy,. Phone: +39 0521 905062. Fax: +39 0521 905006
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18
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Ray Chaudhuri N, Ghosh Dastidar S. Allosteric Boost by TAB1 on the TAK1 Kinase Favorably Sculpts the Thermodynamic Landscape of Activation. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:224-239. [PMID: 36374995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms of allosteric regulation in kinases are of general interest to the scientific community for potential therapeutic implications. However, the diversity among kinases and their regulatory routes requires a case-by-case study to widen the repertoire of known mechanisms. The present study achieves this by understanding TAK1 kinase activation by TAB1 as a model phenomenon for the first time. Despite the known capacity of TAK1 to switch between its inactive ("DFG-out") and active-like ("DFG-in") conformations, the questionable role of TAB1 in offering an energetic favor to this has been addressed here using sequential combination of enhanced sampling methods like targeted molecular dynamics (TMD) and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD). It reveals how a minimal domain of TAB1 sufficiently acts like a "catalytic gear" by favorably sculpting TAK1's thermodynamic landscape (potential of mean force in 2D) that accelerates "in"-"out" conformational switching of the conserved DFG motif. Standard molecular dynamics simulations (∼5 μs) reveal that TAB1 fascinatingly exploits the "lever-like" αF helix of TAK1 kinase domain to remotely propel the DFG motif via subtle helical "unfolding-folding" modifications within the kinase activation loop. The presence of two charged residues on terminal poles of αF helix imparts it, with this unique "lever-like" utility, and this turns out to be one important signature of co-evolution between TAK1 and TAB1. The entire mechanism of TAB1's impact transduction, which is found to be analogous to the moves in the popular "Chinese checker" game, gives a clear proof of the "dynamics-driven allostery" concept in kinases. The findings further benchmark TAK1's known autophosphorylation capacity. A novel insight into kinase allostery is thus provided, which potentiates investigation of similar capacities in other kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Ray Chaudhuri
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata700054, India
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata700054, India
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19
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Stone S, Ray D, Andricioaei I. Force-Field-Dependent DNA Breathing Dynamics: A Case Study of Hoogsteen Base Pairing in A6-DNA. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6749-6761. [PMID: 36049242 PMCID: PMC9795553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Hoogsteen (HG) base pairing conformation, commonly observed in damaged and mutated DNA helices, facilitates DNA repair and DNA recognition. The free energy difference between HG and Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs has been computed in previous studies. However, the mechanism of the conformational transition is not well understood. A detailed understanding of the process of WC to HG base pair transition can provide a deeper understanding of DNA repair and recognition. In an earlier study, we explored the free energy landscape for this process using extensive computer simulation with the CHARMM36 force field. In this work, we study the impact of force field models in describing the WC to HG base pairing transition using meta-eABF enhanced sampling, quasi-harmonic entropy calculation, and nonbonded energy analysis. The secondary structures of both base pairing forms and the topology of the free energy landscapes were consistent over different force field models, although the relative free energy, entropy, and the interaction energies tend to vary. The relative stability of the WC and HG conformations is dictated by a delicate balance between the enthalpic stabilization and the reduced entropy of the structurally rigid HG structure. These findings highlight the impact that subtleties in force field models can have on accurately modeling DNA base pair dynamics and should stimulate further computational investigations into other dynamically important motions in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon
Emily Stone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dhiman Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ioan Andricioaei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States,Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States,
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20
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Zhou S, Zou H, Wang Y, Lo GV, Yuan S. Atomic Mechanisms of Transthyretin Tetramer Dissociation Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6667-6678. [PMID: 35993568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of the transthyretin (TTR) tetramer into a monomer is closely related to various TTR amyloidoses in humans. While the tetramer dissociation has been reported to be the rate-limiting step for TTR aggregation, few details are known about the mechanism. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed by combining conventional MD and biased metadynamics to investigate the mechanism for the wild-type (WT) and mutant (T119M) structures. Both were found to have a great deal in common. Conventional MD simulations reveal that interfacial hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly to stabilize the tetramer. Interfacial residues including L17, V20, L110, and V121 with close contacts form a hydrophobic channel. Metadynamics simulations indicate that the mouth opening of the hydrophobic channel is the first and the most difficult step for dissociation. Interactions of V20 between opposing dimers lock four monomers into the tetramer, and disruption of the interactions is found to be involved in the final step. During the dissociation, an increasing extent of solvation was observed by calculating the radial distribution functions of water around interfacial hydrophobic residues, suggesting that water plays a role in driving the tetramer dissociation. Moreover, compared to T119, residue M119 has a longer side chain that extends into the hydrophobic channel, making solvation more difficult, consistent with a higher energy barrier for dissociation of the T119M tetramer. This result provides a good explanation for the protective role of the T119M mutation. Overall, this study can provide atomic-level insights to better understand the pathogenesis of TTR amyloidosis and guide rational drug design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Huizhen Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Glenn V Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310, United States
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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21
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Ketkaew R, Luber S. DeepCV: A Deep Learning Framework for Blind Search of Collective Variables in Expanded Configurational Space. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6352-6364. [PMID: 36445176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present Deep learning for Collective Variables (DeepCV), a computer code that provides an efficient and customizable implementation of the deep autoencoder neural network (DAENN) algorithm that has been developed in our group for computing collective variables (CVs) and can be used with enhanced sampling methods to reconstruct free energy surfaces of chemical reactions. DeepCV can be used to conveniently calculate molecular features, train models, generate CVs, validate rare events from sampling, and analyze a trajectory for chemical reactions of interest. We use DeepCV in an example study of the conformational transition of cyclohexene, where metadynamics simulations are performed using DAENN-generated CVs. The results show that the adopted CVs give free energies in line with those obtained by previously developed CVs and experimental results. DeepCV is open-source software written in Python/C++ object-oriented languages, based on the TensorFlow framework and distributed free of charge for noncommercial purposes, which can be incorporated into general molecular dynamics software. DeepCV also comes with several additional tools, i.e., an application program interface (API), documentation, and tutorials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangsiman Ketkaew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Zhou Y, Li J, Baryshnikov G, Tu Y. Unraveling the Abnormal Molecular Mechanism of Suicide Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 3A4. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6172-6181. [PMID: 36457253 PMCID: PMC9749025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Suicide inhibition of the CYP3A4 enzyme by a drug inactivates the enzyme in the drug biotransformation process and often shows safety concerns about the drug. Despite extensive experimental studies, the abnormal molecular mechanism of a suicide inhibitor that forms a covalent bond with the residue far away from the catalytically active center of CYP3A4 inactivating the enzyme remains elusive. Here, the authors used molecular simulation approaches to study in detail how diquinone methide (DQR), the metabolite product of raloxifene, unbinds from CYP3A4 and inactivates the enzyme at the atomistic level. The results clearly indicate that in one of the intermediate states formed in its unbinding process, DQR covalently binds to Cys239, a residue far away from the catalytically active center of CYP3A4, and hinders the substrate from entering or leaving the enzyme. This work therefore provides an unprecedented way of clarifying the abnormal mechanism of suicide inhibition of the CYP3A4 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou510632, China.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junhao Li
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Yaoquan Tu
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Obi P, Natesan S. Membrane Lipids Are an Integral Part of Transmembrane Allosteric Sites in GPCRs: A Case Study of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Bound to a Negative Allosteric Modulator, ORG27569, and Analogs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12240-12255. [PMID: 36066412 PMCID: PMC9512009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures reveal novel transmembrane lipid-exposed allosteric sites. Ligands must first partition into the surrounding membrane and take lipid paths to these sites. Remarkably, a significant part of the bound ligands appears exposed to the membrane lipids. The experimental structures do not usually account for the surrounding lipids, and their apparent contribution to ligand access and binding is often overlooked and poorly understood. Using classical and enhanced molecular dynamics simulations, we show that membrane lipids are critical in the access and binding of ORG27569 and its analogs at the transmembrane site of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. The observed differences in the binding affinity and cooperativity arise from the functional groups that interact primarily with lipids. Our results demonstrate the significance of incorporating membrane lipids as an integral component of transmembrane sites for accurate characterization, binding-affinity calculations, and lead optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Obi
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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24
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Almeida BC, Figueiredo PR, Dourado DF, Paul S, Sousa AF, Silvestre AJ, Quinn DJ, Moody TS, Carvalho AT. Development of Enzymatic Variants for the Synthesis of Bioresorbable Polyesters. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C. Almeida
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Figueiredo
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Daniel F.A.R. Dourado
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
| | - Stephanie Paul
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
| | - Andreia F. Sousa
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Armando J.D. Silvestre
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Derek J. Quinn
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Roscommon, Athlone, Co. N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Thomas S. Moody
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
- Arran Chemical Company, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Roscommon, Athlone, Co. N37 DN24, Ireland
| | - Alexandra T.P. Carvalho
- CNC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
- Almac Sciences, Department of Biocatalysis and Isotope Chemistry, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Northern Ireland BT63 5QD, U.K
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25
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Hirvonen VA, Weizmann TM, Mulholland AJ, Spencer J, van der Kamp MW. Multiscale Simulations Identify Origins of Differential Carbapenem Hydrolysis by the OXA-48 β-Lactamase. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4534-4544. [PMID: 35571461 PMCID: PMC9097296 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OXA-48 β-lactamases are frequently encountered in bacterial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the importance of carbapenems in the treatment of healthcare-associated infections and the increasingly wide dissemination of OXA-48-like enzymes on plasmids, these β-lactamases are of high clinical significance. Notably, OXA-48 hydrolyzes imipenem more efficiently than other commonly used carbapenems, such as meropenem. Here, we use extensive multiscale simulations of imipenem and meropenem hydrolysis by OXA-48 to dissect the dynamics and to explore differences in the reactivity of the possible conformational substates of the respective acylenzymes. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations of the deacylation reaction for both substrates demonstrate that deacylation is favored when the 6α-hydroxyethyl group is able to hydrogen bond to the water molecule responsible for deacylation but disfavored by the increasing hydration of either oxygen of the carboxylated Lys73 general base. Differences in free energy barriers calculated from the QM/MM simulations correlate well with the experimentally observed differences in hydrolytic efficiency between meropenem and imipenem. We conclude that the impaired breakdown of meropenem, compared to imipenem, which arises from a subtle change in the hydrogen bonding pattern between the deacylating water molecule and the antibiotic, is most likely induced by the meropenem 1β-methyl group. In addition to increased insights into carbapenem breakdown by OXA β-lactamases, which may aid in future efforts to design antibiotics or inhibitors, our approach exemplifies the combined use of atomistic simulations in determining the possible different enzyme-substrate substates and their influence on enzyme reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viivi
H. A. Hirvonen
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Tal Moshe Weizmann
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - James Spencer
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, U.K.
- Centre
for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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26
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Yasar F, Sheridan MS, Hansmann UHE. Interconversion between Serum Amyloid A Native and Fibril Conformations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12186-12192. [PMID: 35449919 PMCID: PMC9016813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of serum amyloid A (SAA) can lead to a form of amyloidosis where the fibrils are made of SAA fragments, most often SAA1-76. Using Replica Exchange with Tunneling, we study the conversion of a SAA1-76 chain between the folded conformation and a fibril conformation. We find that the basins in the free energy landscape corresponding to the two motifs are separated by barriers of only about 2-3 k B T. Crucial for the assembly into the fibril structure is the salt bridge 26E-34K that provides a scaffold for forming the fibril conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miranda S. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Ulrich H. E. Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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27
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Chaudhary Y, Bhimalapuram P. Insulin aspart dimer dissociation in water. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:105106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Chaudhary
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - Prabhakar Bhimalapuram
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, India
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28
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Sladek V, Harada R, Shigeta Y. Residue Folding Degree-Relationship to Secondary Structure Categories and Use as Collective Variable. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313042. [PMID: 34884847 PMCID: PMC8657879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the residue folding degree, a network-based measure of folded content in proteins, is able to capture backbone conformational transitions related to the formation of secondary structures in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this work, we focus primarily on developing a collective variable (CV) for MD based on this residue-bound parameter to be able to trace the evolution of secondary structure in segments of the protein. We show that this CV can do just that and that the related energy profiles (potentials of mean force, PMF) and transition barriers are comparable to those found by others for particular events in the folding process of the model mini protein Trp-cage. Hence, we conclude that the relative segment folding degree (the newly proposed CV) is a computationally viable option to gain insight into the formation of secondary structures in protein dynamics. We also show that this CV can be directly used as a measure of the amount of α-helical content in a selected segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sladek
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan; (R.H.); (Y.S.)
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29
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Ketkaew R, Creazzo F, Luber S. Closer Look at Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder and Nucleophilic Addition Reactions on s-Tetrazines Using Enhanced Sampling Methods. Top Catal 2021; 65:1-17. [PMID: 35153451 PMCID: PMC8816378 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inverse electron demand [4+2] Diels–Alder (iEDDA) reactions as well as unprecedented nucleophilic (azaphilic) additions of R-substituted silyl-enol ethers (where R is Phenyl, Methyl, and Hydrogen) to 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (s-tetrazine) catalyzed by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {BF}_{3}$$\end{document}BF3 have recently been discovered (Simon et al. in Org Lett 23(7):2426–2430, 2021), where static calculations were employed for calculation of activation energies. In order to have a more realistic dynamic description of these reactions in explicit solution at ambient conditions, in this work we use a semiempirical tight-binding method combined with enhanced sampling techniques to calculate free energy surfaces (FESs) of the iEDDA and azaphilic addition reactions. Relevant products of not only s-tetrazine but also its derivatives such as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {BF}_{3}$$\end{document}BF3-mediated s-tetrazine adducts are investigated. We reconstruct the FESs of the iEDDA and azaphilic addition reactions using metadynamics and blue moon ensemble, and compare the ability of different collective variables (CVs) including bond distances, Social PeRmutation INvarianT (SPRINT) coordinates, and path-CV to describe the reaction pathway. We find that when a bulky Phenyl is used as a substituent at the dienophile the azaphilic addition is preferred over the iEDDA reaction. In addition, we also investigate the effect of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {BF}_{3}$$\end{document}BF3 in the diene and steric hindrance in the dienophile on the competition between the iEDDA and azaphilic addition reactions, providing chemical insight for reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangsiman Ketkaew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Creazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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31
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Kolimi N, Pabbathi A, Saikia N, Ding F, Sanabria H, Alper J. Out-of-Equilibrium Biophysical Chemistry: The Case for Multidimensional, Integrated Single-Molecule Approaches. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10404-10418. [PMID: 34506140 PMCID: PMC8474109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Out-of-equilibrium
processes are ubiquitous across living organisms
and all structural hierarchies of life. At the molecular scale, out-of-equilibrium
processes (for example, enzyme catalysis, gene regulation, and motor
protein functions) cause biological macromolecules to sample an ensemble
of conformations over a wide range of time scales. Quantifying and
conceptualizing the structure–dynamics to function relationship
is challenging because continuously evolving multidimensional energy
landscapes are necessary to describe nonequilibrium biological processes
in biological macromolecules. In this perspective, we explore the
challenges associated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques
to understanding biological macromolecular function. We argue that
it is time to revisit how we probe and model functional out-of-equilibrium
biomolecular dynamics. We suggest that developing integrated single-molecule
multiparametric force–fluorescence instruments and using advanced
molecular dynamics simulations to study out-of-equilibrium biomolecules
will provide a path towards understanding the principles of and mechanisms
behind the structure–dynamics to function paradigm in biological
macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendar Kolimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ashok Pabbathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Nabanita Saikia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Hugo Sanabria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Joshua Alper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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32
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Yasuda T, Morita R, Shigeta Y, Harada R. Independent Nontargeted Parallel Cascade Selection Molecular Dynamics (Ino-PaCS-MD) to Enhance the Conformational Sampling of Proteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5933-5943. [PMID: 34410106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions are related to long-time protein dynamics (rare events) that are induced over microseconds. Such protein dynamics can be investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the detection of rare events remains challenging using conventional MD (cMD) since the accessible timescales of cMD are shorter than those of the biological functions. Recently, the parallel cascade selection MD (PaCS-MD) has been proposed to detect such rare events, wherein transition paths are generated between a given reactant and product. As an extension, the nontargeted PaCS-MD (nt-PaCS-MD) has been proposed to predict the transition paths without requiring reference to any product. Thus, as a further extension, we herein propose independent nt-PaCS-MD, namely, Ino-PaCS-MD, wherein multiple walkers are launched from a set of different starting configurations. Each walker repeats a cycle of restarting short-time MD simulations from configurations with high potentials for making transitions to neighboring metastable states. To further enhance the sampling ability, Ino-PaCS-MD temporarily stops the conformational search and periodically resets the starting configurations so that they are uniformly distributed in a conformational subspace, thereby preventing a given protein from being trapped in one of the metastable states. As a demonstration, Ino-PaCS-MD successfully detects rare events of a maltose-binding protein as open-close transitions with a nanosecond-order simulation time, although a microsecond-order cMD simulation failed to detect these rare events, showing the high sampling efficiency of Ino-PaCS-MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takunori Yasuda
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan
| | - Rikuri Morita
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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33
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Acharya S, Mondal S, Mukherjee S, Bagchi B. Rate of Insulin Dimer Dissociation: Interplay between Memory Effects and Higher Dimensionality. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9678-9691. [PMID: 34406771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We calculate the rate of dissociation of an insulin dimer into two monomers in water. The rate of this complex reaction is determined by multiple factors that are elucidated. By employing advanced sampling techniques, we first obtain the reaction free energy surface for the dimer dissociation as a function of two order parameters, namely, the distance between the center-of-mass of two monomers (R) and the number of cross-contacts (Q) among the backbone Cα atoms of two monomers. We then construct an orthogonal 2D reaction energy surface by introducing the reaction coordinate X to denote the minimum energy pathway and a conjugate coordinate Y that spans the orthogonal direction. The free energy landscape is rugged with multiple maxima and minima. We calculate the rate by employing not only the non-Markovian multidimensional rate theory but also several other theoretical approaches. The necessary reaction frequencies and the frictions are calculated from the time correlation function formalism. Our best estimate of the rate is 0.4 μs-1. Our study reveals interesting opposite influences of dimensionality and memory in determining the rate constant of the reaction. We gain interesting insights into the dimer dissociation process by looking directly at the trajectories obtained from molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Acharya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
| | - Sayantan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Saumyak Mukherjee
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012 Karnataka, India
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34
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Szlenk CT, Gc JB, Natesan S. Membrane-facilitated receptor access and binding mechanisms of long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:406-427. [PMID: 34334369 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The drugs salmeterol, formoterol, and salbutamol constitute the frontline treatment for asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases. These drugs activate the β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-AR), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and differ significantly in their clinical onset and duration of actions. According to the "microkinetic model," the long duration of action of salmeterol and formoterol compared to salbutamol were attributed, at least in part, to their high lipophilicity and increased local concentrations in the membrane near the receptor. However, the structural and molecular bases of how the lipophilic drugs reach the binding site of the receptor from the surrounding membrane remain unknown. Using a variety of classical and enhanced molecular dynamics simulation techniques, we investigated the membrane partitioning characteristics, binding, and unbinding mechanisms of the ligands. The obtained results offer remarkable insight into the functional role of membrane lipids in the ligand association process. Strikingly, salmeterol entered the binding site from the bilayer through transmembrane helices 1 and 7. The entry was preceded by membrane-facilitated rearrangement and presentation of its phenyl-alkoxy-alkyl tail as a passkey to an access route gated by F193, a residue known critical for salmeterol's affinity. Formoterol's access is through the aqueous path shared by other β2-AR agents. We observed a novel secondary path for salbutamol that is distinct from its primary route. Our study offers a mechanistic description for the membrane-facilitated access and binding of ligands to β2-AR and establishes a groundwork for recognizing membrane lipids as an integral component in the molecular recognition process. Significance Statement The cell membrane's functional role behind the duration of action of long-acting β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists such as salmeterol has been a subject of debate for a long time. We investigated the binding and unbinding mechanisms of the three commonly used β2-AR agonists, salmeterol, formoterol, and salbutamol, using advanced simulation techniques. The obtained results offer unprecedented insights into the active role of membrane lipids in facilitating access and binding of the ligands, affecting the molecular recognition process and their pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Senthil Natesan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, United States
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35
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Lin S, Zhi Y, Chen W, Li H, Zhang W, Lou C, Wu X, Zeng S, Xu S, Xiao J, Zheng A, Wei Y, Liu Z. Molecular Routes of Dynamic Autocatalysis for Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12038-12052. [PMID: 34319735 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The industrially important methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction is driven and sustained by autocatalysis in a dynamic and complex manner. Hitherto, the entire molecular routes and chemical nature of the autocatalytic network have not been well understood. Herein, with a multitechnique approach and multiscale analysis, we have obtained a full theoretical picture of the domino cascade of autocatalytic reaction network taking place on HZSM-5 zeolite. The autocatalytic reaction is demonstrated to be plausibly initiated by reacting dimethyl ether (DME) with the surface methoxy species (SMS) to generate the initial olefins, as evidenced by combining the kinetic analysis, in situ DRIFT spectroscopy, 2D 13C-13C MAS NMR, electronic states, and projected density of state (PDOS) analysis. This process is operando tracked and visualized at the picosecond time scale by advanced ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The initial olefins ignite autocatalysis by building the first autocatalytic cycle-olefins-based cycle-followed by the speciation of methylcyclopentenyl (MCP) and aromatic cyclic active species. In doing so, the active sites accomplish the dynamic evolution from proton acid sites to supramolecular active centers that are experimentally identified with an ever-evolving and fluid feature. The olefins-guided and cyclic-species-guided catalytic cycles are interdependently linked to forge a previously unidentified hypercycle, being composed of one "selfish" autocatalytic cycle (i.e., olefins-based cycle with lighter olefins as autocatalysts for catalyzing the formation of olefins) and three cross-catalysis cycles (with olefinic, MCP, and aromatic species as autocatalysts for catalyzing each other's formation). The unraveled dynamic autocatalytic cycles/network would facilitate the catalyst design and process control for MTH technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfan Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Zhi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyi Lou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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36
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Mondal S, Mukherjee S, Acharya S, Bagchi B. Unfolding of Dynamical Events in the Early Stage of Insulin Dimer Dissociation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7958-7966. [PMID: 34260242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation of an insulin dimer is an important biochemical event that could also serve as a prototype of dissociations in similar biomolecular assemblies. We use a recently developed multidimensional free energy landscape for insulin dimer dissociation to unearth the microscopic and mechanistic aspects of the initial stages of the process that could hold the key to understanding the stability and the rate. The following sequence of events occurs in the initial stages: (i) The backbone hydrogen bonds break partially at the antiparallel β-sheet junction, (ii) the two α-helices (chain B) move away from each other while several residues (chain A) move closer, and (iii) a flow of adjacent water molecules occurs into the junction region. Interestingly, the intermonomeric center-to-center distance does not increase, but the number of native contacts exhibits a sharp decrease. Subsequent steps involve further disengagement of hydrophobic groups. This process is slow because of an entropic bottleneck created by the existence of the large configuration space available in the native state (NS), which is inhabited by low-frequency conformational fluctuations. We carry out a density-of-states analyses in the dimer NS to unearth distinctive features not present in the monomers. These low-frequency modes are also responsible for a large entropic stabilization of the NS. Hydrophobic disengagement in the early stage leads to the formation of a twisted intermediate state which itself is a metastable minimum (IS-1). The subsequent progress leads to another dimeric complex (IS-2), which is on the dissociative pathway and characterized by a further decrease in the native contacts. The dissociation process provides insights into the workings of a biomolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mondal
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Saumyak Mukherjee
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Subhajit Acharya
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 012, India
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37
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Crean RM, Biler M, van der Kamp MW, Hengge AC, Kamerlin SCL. Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3830-3845. [PMID: 33661624 PMCID: PMC8031367 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an important role in cellular signaling and have been implicated in human cancers, diabetes, and obesity. Despite shared catalytic mechanisms and transition states for the chemical steps of catalysis, catalytic rates within the PTP family vary over several orders of magnitude. These rate differences have been implied to arise from differing conformational dynamics of the closure of a protein loop, the WPD-loop, which carries a catalytically critical residue. The present work reports computational studies of the human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and YopH from Yersinia pestis, for which NMR has demonstrated a link between their respective rates of WPD-loop motion and catalysis rates, which differ by an order of magnitude. We have performed detailed structural analysis, both conventional and enhanced sampling simulations of their loop dynamics, as well as empirical valence bond simulations of the chemical step of catalysis. These analyses revealed the key residues and structural features responsible for these differences, as well as the residues and pathways that facilitate allosteric communication in these enzymes. Curiously, our wild-type YopH simulations also identify a catalytically incompetent hyper-open conformation of its WPD-loop, sampled as a rare event, previously only experimentally observed in YopH-based chimeras. The effect of differences within the WPD-loop and its neighboring loops on the modulation of loop dynamics, as revealed in this work, may provide a facile means for the family of PTP enzymes to respond to environmental changes and regulate their catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M. Crean
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michal Biler
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School
of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University
Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Alvan C. Hengge
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State
University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Morais MAB, Coines J, Domingues MN, Pirolla RAS, Tonoli CCC, Santos CR, Correa JBL, Gozzo FC, Rovira C, Murakami MT. Two distinct catalytic pathways for GH43 xylanolytic enzymes unveiled by X-ray and QM/MM simulations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:367. [PMID: 33446650 PMCID: PMC7809346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanolytic enzymes from glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) are involved in the breakdown of hemicellulose, the second most abundant carbohydrate in plants. Here, we kinetically and mechanistically describe the non-reducing-end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase activity and report the crystal structure of a native GH43 Michaelis complex with its substrate prior to hydrolysis. Two distinct calcium-stabilized conformations of the active site xylosyl unit are found, suggesting two alternative catalytic routes. These results are confirmed by QM/MM simulations that unveil the complete hydrolysis mechanism and identify two possible reaction pathways, involving different transition state conformations for the cleavage of xylooligosaccharides. Such catalytic conformational promiscuity in glycosidases is related to the open architecture of the active site and thus might be extended to other exo-acting enzymes. These findings expand the current general model of catalytic mechanism of glycosidases, a main reaction in nature, and impact on our understanding about their interaction with substrates and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A B Morais
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Joan Coines
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Mariane N Domingues
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Renan A S Pirolla
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Celisa C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Camila R Santos
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jessica B L Correa
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Gozzo
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & Institut de Química Teórica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil.
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39
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Peng C, Wang J, Shi Y, Xu Z, Zhu W. Increasing the Sampling Efficiency of Protein Conformational Change by Combining a Modified Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics and Normal Mode Analysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 17:13-28. [PMID: 33351613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding conformational change at an atomic level is significant when determining a protein functional mechanism. Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) is a widely used enhanced sampling method to explore protein conformational space. However, REMD with an explicit solvent model requires huge computational resources, immensely limiting its application. In this study, a variation of parallel tempering metadynamics (PTMetaD) with the omission of solvent-solvent interactions in exchange attempts and the use of low-frequency modes calculated by normal-mode analysis (NMA) as collective variables (CVs), namely ossPTMetaD, is proposed with the aim to accelerate MD simulations simultaneously in temperature and geometrical spaces. For testing the performance of ossPTMetaD, five protein systems with diverse biological functions and motion patterns were selected, including large-scale domain motion (AdK), flap movement (HIV-1 protease and BACE1), and DFG-motif flip in kinases (p38α and c-Abl). The simulation results showed that ossPTMetaD requires much fewer numbers of replicas than temperature REMD (T-REMD) with a reduction of ∼70% to achieve a similar exchange ratio. Although it does not obey the detailed balance condition, ossPTMetaD provides consistent results with T-REMD and experimental data. The high accessibility of the large conformational change of protein systems by ossPTMetaD, especially in simulating the very challenging DFG-motif flip of protein kinases, demonstrated its high efficiency and robustness in the characterization of the large-scale protein conformational change pathway and associated free energy profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research; Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Lead Compounds, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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40
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Scalvini L, Ghidini A, Lodola A, Callegari D, Rivara S, Piomelli D, Mor M. N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA): Mechanism of Palmitoylethanolamide Hydrolysis Revealed by Mechanistic Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghidini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Donatella Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle scienze 27/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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41
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Khatua P, Ray AJ, Hansmann UHE. Bifurcated Hydrogen Bonds and the Fold Switching of Lymphotactin. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6555-6564. [PMID: 32609521 PMCID: PMC7429337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotactin (Ltn) exists under physiological conditions in an equilibrium between two interconverting structures with distinct biological functions. Using replica-exchange-with-tunneling, we study the conversion between the 2-folds. Unlike previously proposed, we find that the fold switching does not require unfolding of lymphotactin but proceeds through a series of intermediates that remain partially structured. This process relies on two bifurcated hydrogen bonds that connect the β2 and β3 strands and ease the transition between the hydrogen bond pattern by which the central three-stranded β-sheet in the two forms differs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabir Khatua
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Alan J Ray
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Ulrich H E Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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42
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Schilling M, Cunha RA, Luber S. Enhanced Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Exploration Unveils the Complex Role of Different Intramolecular Bases on the Water Nucleophilic Attack Mechanism. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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43
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Abstract
Free-energy landscapes are a powerful tool for analyzing dynamical processes - capable of providing a complete mapping of a system's configurations in state space while articulating its energetics topologically in the form of sprawling hills and valleys. Within this mapping, the path of least action can be derived - representing the most probable sequence of transitions taken between any two states in the landscape. In this article, POLARIS (Path of Least Action Recursive Survey) is presented as a dynamic, global approach that efficiently automates the discovery of the least action path on previously determined 2D energy landscapes. Important built-in features of this program include plotting of landscape trajectories and transition state theory diagrams, generation of text files with least action coordinates and respective energies, and bifurcation analysis tools that provide downstream versatility for comparing most probable paths and reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Joachim Frank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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44
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Fu H, Chen H, Wang X, Chai H, Shao X, Cai W, Chipot C. Finding an Optimal Pathway on a Multidimensional Free-Energy Landscape. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:5366-5374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Fu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haochuan Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin’ao Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Chai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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45
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Hirvonen VHA, Mulholland AJ, Spencer J, van der Kamp MW. Small Changes in Hydration Determine Cephalosporinase Activity of OXA-48 β-Lactamases. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viivi H. A. Hirvonen
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD United Kingdom
| | - Marc W. van der Kamp
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS United Kingdom
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46
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Schilling M, Cunha RA, Luber S. Zooming in on the O–O Bond Formation—An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study Applying Enhanced Sampling Techniques. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2436-2449. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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47
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Childers MC, Daggett V. Drivers of α-Sheet Formation in Transthyretin under Amyloidogenic Conditions. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4408-4423. [PMID: 31609590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases make up a set of fatal disorders in which proteins aggregate to form fibrils that deposit in tissues throughout the body. Amyloid-associated diseases are challenging to study because amyloid formation occurs on time scales that span several orders of magnitude and involve heterogeneous, interconverting protein conformations. The development of more effective technologies to diagnose and treat amyloid disease requires both a map of the conformations sampled during amyloidogenesis and an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive this process. In prior molecular dynamics simulations of amyloid proteins, we observed the formation of a nonstandard type of secondary structure, called α-sheet, that we proposed is associated with the pathogenic conformers in amyloid disease, the soluble oligomers. However, the detailed molecular interactions that drive the conversion to α-sheet remain elusive. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to interrogate a critical event in transthyretin aggregation, the formation of aggregation-competent, monomeric species. We show that conformational changes in one of the two β-sheets in transthyretin enable solvent molecules and polar side chains to form electrostatic interactions with main-chain peptide groups to facilitate and modulate conversion to α-sheet secondary structure. Our results shed light on the early conformational changes that drive transthyretin toward the α-sheet structure associated with toxicity. Delineation of the molecular events that lead to aggregation at atomic resolution can aid strategies to target the early, critical toxic soluble oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Carter Childers
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-5013 , United States
| | - Valerie Daggett
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-5013 , United States
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48
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Shao Q, Zhu W. Exploring the Ligand Binding/Unbinding Pathway by Selectively Enhanced Sampling of Ligand in a Protein-Ligand Complex. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7974-7983. [PMID: 31478672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the protein-ligand binding is of fundamental biological interest and is essential for structure-based drug design. The difficulty in capturing the dynamic process, however, poses a great challenge for current experimental and theoretical simulation techniques. A selective integrated-tempering-sampling molecular dynamics (SITSMD) method offering an option for selectively enhanced sampling of the ligand in a protein-ligand complex was utilized to quantitatively illuminate the binding of benzamidine to the wild-type trypsin protease and its two mutants (S214E and S214K). The SITSMD simulations could produce consistent results as the extensive conventional MD simulation and gave additional insights into the binding pathway for the test protein-ligand complex system using significantly saved computational resource and time, indicating the potential of such a method in investigating protein-ligand binding. Additionally, the simulations identified the different roles of trypsin-benzamidine van der Waals (vdW) and electrostatic interactions in the binding: the former interaction works as the driving force for dragging the benzamidine close to the native binding pocket, and the latter interaction mainly contributes to stabilizing the benzamidine inside the pocket. The S214E mutation introduces more favorable electrostatic interactions, and as a result, both vdW and electrostatic interactions drive the benzamidine binding, lowering the binding and unbinding free energy barrier. In contrast, the S214K mutation prohibits the binding of the benzamidine to the native ligand binding pocket by introducing disliked charge-charge interactions. In summary, these findings suggest that the change in specific residues could modify the protein druggability, including the binding kinetics and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , 1st North Street , Zhongguancun, Beijing 100080 , China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zuchongzhi Road , Shanghai 201203 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , 1 Wenhai Road , Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237 , China
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49
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Bernetti M, Masetti M, Recanatini M, Amaro RE, Cavalli A. An Integrated Markov State Model and Path Metadynamics Approach To Characterize Drug Binding Processes. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5689-5702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bernetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0340, United States
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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50
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Zong Z, Li Q, Hong Z, Fu H, Cai W, Chipot C, Jiang H, Zhang D, Chen S, Shao X. Lysine Mutation of the Claw-Arm-Like Loop Accelerates Catalysis by Cellobiohydrolases. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14451-14459. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhangyong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haohao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, LPCT, UMR 7019 Universiteé de Lorraine CNRS, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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