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Hurtado-Gómez JP, Vargas-Ramírez M, Iverson JB, Joyce WG, McCranie JR, Paetzold C, Fritz U. Diversity and biogeography of South American mud turtles elucidated by multilocus DNA sequencing (Testudines: Kinosternidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 197:108083. [PMID: 38679303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Kinosternon is the most speciose genus of extant turtles, with 22 currently recognized species, distributed across large parts of the Americas. Most species have small distributions, but K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides range from Mexico to South America. Previous studies have found discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies in some kinosternid groups, with the current taxonomy following the nuclear-based results. Herein, based on extended molecular, geographic, and taxonomic sampling, we explore the phylogeographic structure and taxonomic limits for K. leucostomum and the K. scorpioides group and present a fossil-calibrated nuclear time tree for Kinosternon. Our results reveal contrasting differentiation patterns for the K. scorpioides group and K. leucostomum, despite overlapping distributions. Kinosternon leucostomum shows only shallow geographic divergence, whereas the K. scorpioides group is polyphyletic with up to 10 distinct taxa, some of them undescribed. We support the elevation of K. s. albogulare and K. s. cruentatum to species level. Given the deep divergence within the genus Kinosternon, we propose the recognition of three subgenera, Kinosternon, Cryptochelys and Thyrosternum, and the abandonment of the group-based classification, at least for the K. leucostomum and K. scorpioides groups. Our results show an initial split in Kinosternon that gave rise to two main radiations, one Nearctic and one mainly Neotropical. Most speciation events in Kinosternon occurred during the Quaternary and we hypothesize that they were mediated by both climatic and geological events. Additionally, our data imply that at least three South American colonizations occurred, two in the K. leucostomum group, and one in the K. scorpioides group. Additionally, we hypothesize that discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic signal is due to mitochondrial capture from an extinct kinosternine lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Vargas-Ramírez
- Grupo Biodiversidad y Conservación Genética, Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Estación de Biología Tropical Roberto Franco (EBTRF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Walter G Joyce
- Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - James R McCranie
- Smithsonian Research Associate, 10770 SW 164th Street, Miami, FL 33157, USA
| | - Claudia Paetzold
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Fritz
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Manrique-Ascencio A, Prieto-Torres DA, Villalobos F, Guevara R. Climate-driven shifts in the diversity of plants in the Neotropical seasonally dry forest: Evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17282. [PMID: 38619685 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Given the current environmental crisis, biodiversity protection is one of the most urgent socio-environmental priorities. However, the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs), the primary strategy for safeguarding ecosystems, is challenged by global climate change (GCC), with evidence showing that species are shifting their distributions into new areas, causing novel species assemblages. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate PAs' present and future effectiveness for biodiversity under the GCC. Here, we analyzed changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants associated with the Neotropical seasonally dry forest (NSDF) under GCC scenarios. We modeled the climatic niche of over 1000 plant species in five representative families (in terms of abundance, dominance, and endemism) of the NSDF. We predicted their potential distributions in the present and future years (2040, 2060, and 2080) based on an intermediate scenario of shared socio-economic pathways (SSP 3.70), allowing species to disperse to new sites or constrained to the current distribution. Then, we tested if the current PAs network represents the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities. Our results suggest that GCC could promote novel species assemblages with local responses (communities' modifications) across the biome. In general, models predicted losses in the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of all the five plant families analyzed across the distribution of the NSDF. However, in the northern floristic groups (i.e., Antilles and Mesoamerica) of the NSDF, taxonomic and PD will be stable in GCC projections. In contrast, across the NSDF in South America, some cores will lose diversity while others will gain diversity under GCC scenarios. PAs in some NSDF regions appeared insufficient to protect the NSDF diversity. Thus, there is an urgent need to assess how the PA system could be better reconfigured to warrant the protection of the NSDF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Prieto-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (LABIOCG), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Roger Guevara
- Red Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
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Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Zamudio-Beltrán LE, López López A, Arizmendi MDC, Durán-Suárez del Real AP, Eguiarte LE, Hernández-Baños BE. Recent genetic, phenetic and ecological divergence across the Mesoamerican highlands: a study case with Diglossa baritula (Aves: Thraupidae). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16797. [PMID: 38529306 PMCID: PMC10962342 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The topographical, geological, climatic and biodiversity complexity of Mesoamerica has made it a primary research focus. The Mesoamerican highlands is a region with particularly high species richness and within-species variation. The Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer, Diglossa baritula (Wagler, 1832), is a species endemic to the Mesoamerican highlands, with three allopatric subspecies currently recognized. To characterize divergence within this species, we integrated genomics, morphology, coloration and ecological niche modeling approaches, obtained from sampling individuals across the entire geographic distribution of the species. Our results revealed a clear genomic divergence between the populations to the east versus the west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In contrast to the genomic results, morphology and coloration analyses showed intermediate levels of differentiation, indicating that population groups within D. baritula have probably been under similar selective pressures. Our morphology results indicated that the only sexually dimorphic morphological variable is the wing chord, with males having a longer wing chord than females. Finally, ecological data indicated that there are differences in ecological niche within D. baritula. Our data suggest that D. baritula could contain two or more incipient species at the intermediate phase of the speciation continuum. These results highlight the importance of the geographical barrier of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Pleistocene climatic events in driving isolation and population divergence in D. baritula. The present investigation illustrates the speciation potential of the D. baritula complex and the capacity of Mesoamerican highlands to create cryptic biodiversity and endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra K. Terrones-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Sahid M. Robles-Bello
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Melisa Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Barrera
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Luz E. Zamudio-Beltrán
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Anuar López López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Maria del Coro Arizmendi
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Paula Durán-Suárez del Real
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Hernández-Baños
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Malpica A, Mendoza-Cuenca L, González C. Color and morphological differentiation in the Sinaloa Wren (Thryophilus sinaloa) in the tropical dry forests of Mexico: The role of environment and geographic isolation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269860. [PMID: 35737646 PMCID: PMC9223310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and the degree to which environment and geographic isolation contribute to phenotypic diversity has been widely debated. Here, we studied phenotypic variation (morphology and plumage reflectance) in the Sinaloa Wren, an endemic bird distributed throughout the tropical dry forest (TDF) on the Mexican pacific slope where a pronounced variability in environmental conditions has been reported. In particular, we aimed: 1) to characterize phenotypic variation between subspecies; 2) to analyze the relationship between phenotypic and environmental variation in the context of classic ecogeographic rules, such as Bergmann’s, Allen’s, Gloger’s, and Bogert’s, and to quantify the relative roles of environment and geographic isolation and their interaction in shaping phenotypic variation; and 3) to test for niche conservatism between subspecies. Our data revealed significant differences among subspecies morphology and plumage reflectance. The environment explained a higher proportion of the morphological variation, while geography explained a smaller proportion. However, variation in plumage reflectance was mainly explained by the joint effect of geography and environment. Our data did not support for Bergmann´s and Allen´s rule. However, longer tails and wings were positively associated with higher elevations, larger tarsus and culmens were positively related to higher latitudes and to greater tree cover, respectively. Our data partially supported Gloger´s rule, where darker plumages were associated with more humid environments. The effects of temperature on plumage coloration were more consistent with Bogert´s rule. In addition, we found darker plumages related to higher levels of UV-B radiation. Finally, niche divergence was detected between T. s. cinereus and T. s. sinaloa vs. T. s. russeus. In a continuously distributed ecosystem such as the TDF on the pacific slope of Mexico, the environmental conditions and geographic isolation have played an important role in promoting phenotypic differentiation in the Sinaloa Wren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Malpica
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Mendoza-Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Ecología de la Conducta, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México
| | - Clementina González
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México
- * E-mail:
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Sánchez‐González LA, Castillo‐Chora VJ, Arbeláez‐Cortés E, Navarro‐Sigüenza AG. Diversification and secondary contact in the magpie‐jays (
Calocitta
) throughout the pacific lowlands of Mesoamerica. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Sánchez‐González
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Vicente J. Castillo‐Chora
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Enrique Arbeláez‐Cortés
- Grupo de Estudios en Biodiversidad Escuela de Biología Universidad Industrial de Santander Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Adolfo G. Navarro‐Sigüenza
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera” Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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