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McClain CR, Webb TJ, Heim NA, Knope ML, Monarrez PM, Payne JL. Navigating uncertainty in maximum body size in marine metazoans. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11506. [PMID: 38840585 PMCID: PMC11151150 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Body size is a fundamental biological trait shaping ecological interactions, evolutionary processes, and our understanding of the structure and dynamics of marine communities on a global scale. Accurately defining a species' body size, despite the ease of measurement, poses significant challenges due to varied methodologies, tool usage, and subjectivity among researchers, resulting in multiple, often discrepant size estimates. These discrepancies, stemming from diverse measurement approaches and inherent variability, could substantially impact the reliability and precision of ecological and evolutionary studies reliant on body size data across extensive species datasets. This study examines the variation in reported maximum body sizes across 69,570 individual measurements of maximum size, ranging from <0.2 μm to >45 m, for 27,271 species of marine metazoans. The research aims to investigate how reported maximum size variations within species relate to organism size, taxonomy, habitat, and the presence of skeletal structures. The investigation particularly focuses on understanding why discrepancies in maximum size estimates arise and their potential implications for broader ecological and evolutionary studies relying on body size data. Variation in reported maximum sizes is zero for 38% of species, and low for most species, although it exceeds two orders of magnitude for some species. The likelihood of zero variation in maximum size decreased with more measurements and increased in larger species, though this varied across phyla and habitats. Pelagic organisms consistently had low maximum size range values, while small species with unspecified habitats had the highest variation. Variations in maximum size within a species were notably smaller than interspecific variation at higher taxonomic levels. Significant variation in maximum size estimates exists within marine species, and partially explained by organism size, taxonomic group, and habitat. Variation in maximum size could be reduced by standardized measurement protocols and improved meta-data. Despite the variation, egregious errors in published maximum size measurements are rare, and their impact on comparative macroecological and macroevolutionary research is likely minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. McClain
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLouisianaUSA
| | - Thomas J. Webb
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Noel A. Heim
- Department of Earth and Climate SciencesTufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Pedro M. Monarrez
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space SciencesUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jonathan L. Payne
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Taboada FG, Chust G, Santos Mocoroa M, Aldanondo N, Fontán A, Cotano U, Álvarez P, Erauskin-Extramiana M, Irigoien X, Fernandes-Salvador JA, Boyra G, Uriarte A, Ibaibarriaga L. Shrinking body size of European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17047. [PMID: 38273534 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Decreased body size is often cited as a major response to ocean warming. Available evidence, however, questions the actual emergence of shrinking trends and the prevalence of temperature-driven changes in size over alternative drivers. In marine fish, changes in food availability or fluctuations in abundance, including those due to size-selective fishing, provide compelling mechanisms to explain changes in body size. Here, based on three decades of scientific survey data (1990-2021), we report a decline in the average body size-length and weight-of anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L., in the Bay of Biscay. Shrinking was evident in all age classes, from juveniles to adults. Allometric adjustment indicated slightly more pronounced declines in weight than in total length, which is consistent with a change toward a slender body shape. Trends in adult weight were nonlinear, with rates accelerating to an average decline of up to 25% decade-1 during the last two decades. We found a strong association between higher anchovy abundance and reduced juvenile size. The effect of density dependence was less clear later in life, and temperature became the best predictor of declines in adult size. Theoretical analyses based on a strategic model further suggested that observed patterns are consistent with a simultaneous, opposing effect of rising temperatures on accelerating early growth and decreasing adult size as predicted by the temperature-size rule. Macroecological assessment of ecogeographical-Bergmann's and James'-rules in anchovy size suggested that the observed decline largely exceeds intraspecific variation and might be the result of selection. Limitations inherent in the observational nature of the study recommend caution and a continued assessment and exploration of alternative drivers. Additional evidence of a climate-driven regime shift in the region suggests, however, that shrinking anchovy sizes may signal a long-lasting change in the structure and functioning of the Bay of Biscay ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Taboada
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Guillem Chust
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - María Santos Mocoroa
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Naroa Aldanondo
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Almudena Fontán
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Unai Cotano
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Paula Álvarez
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | | | - Xabier Irigoien
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Boyra
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Andrés Uriarte
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
| | - Leire Ibaibarriaga
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Sukarrieta, Spain
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3
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DeHaan LM, Burns MD, Egan JP, Bloom DD. Diadromy Drives Elevated Rates of Trait Evolution and Ecomorphological Convergence in Clupeiformes (Herring, Shad, and Anchovies). Am Nat 2023; 202:830-850. [PMID: 38033182 DOI: 10.1086/726894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMigration can have a profound influence on rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution. Diadromy is the migration between marine and freshwater habitats for feeding and reproduction that can require individuals to travel tens to thousands of kilometers. The high energetic demands of diadromy are predicted to select for ecomorphological traits that maximize swimming and locomotor efficiency. Intraspecific studies have shown repeated instances of divergence among diadromous and nondiadromous populations in locomotor and foraging traits, which suggests that at a macroevolutionary scale diadromous lineages may experience convergent evolution onto one or multiple adaptive optima. We tested for differences in rates and patterns of phenotypic evolution among diadromous and nondiadromous lineages in Clupeiformes, a clade that has evolved diadromy more than 10 times. Our results show that diadromous clupeiforms show convergent evolution for some locomotor traits and faster rates of evolution, which we propose are adaptive responses to the locomotor demands of migration. We also find evidence that diadromous lineages show convergence into multiple regions of multivariate trait space and suggest that these respective trait spaces are associated with differences in migration and trophic ecology. However, not all locomotor traits and no trophic traits show evidence of convergence or elevated rates of evolution associated with diadromy. Our results show that long-distance migration influences the tempo and patterns of phenotypic evolution at macroevolutionary scales, but there is not a single diadromous syndrome.
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Easterling CM, Kolmann MA, O'Donnell MK. The Lesser-Known Transitions: Organismal Form and Function Across Abiotic Gradients. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:829-839. [PMID: 35927766 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
From minute-to-minute changes, or across daily, seasonal, or geological timescales, animals are forced to navigate dynamic surroundings. Their abiotic environment is continually changing. These changes could include alterations to the substrates animals locomote on, flow dynamics of the microhabitats they feed in, or even altitudinal shifts over migration routes. The only constancy in any organism's day-to-day existence is the heterogeneity of the habitats they move through and the gradients in the physical media (e.g., air, water) they live in. We explored a broad range of organismal transitions across abiotic gradients and investigated how these organisms modify their form, function, and behavior to accommodate their surrounding media. We asked the following questions: (1) What are some challenges common to animals in changing media or moving between media? (2) What are common solutions to these recurring problems? (3) How often are these common solutions instances of either convergence or parallelism? Our symposium speakers explored these questions through critical analysis of numerous datasets spanning multiple taxa, timescales, and levels of analysis. After discussions with our speakers, we suggest that the role of physical principles (e.g., drag, gravity, buoyancy, viscosity) in constraining morphology and shaping the realized niche has been underappreciated. We recommend that investigations of these transitions and corresponding adaptations should include comparisons at multiple levels of biological organization and timescale. Relatedly, studies of organisms that undergo habitat and substrate changes over ontogeny would be worthwhile to include in comparisons. Future researchers should ideally complement lab-based morphological and kinematic studies with observational and experimental approaches in the field. Synthesis of the findings of our speakers across multiple study systems, timescales, and transitional habitats suggests that behavioral modification and exaptation of morphology play key roles in modulating novel transitions between substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Easterling
- Northwest University, Science Department, Kirkland, WA 98033
| | - M A Kolmann
- University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M K O'Donnell
- Lycoming College, Biology Department, Williamsport, PA 17701
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5
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Wang Q, Purrafee Dizaj L, Huang J, Kumar Sarker K, Kevrekidis C, Reichenbacher B, Reza Esmaeili H, Straube N, Moritz T, Li C. Molecular phylogenetics of the Clupeiformes based on exon-capture data and a new classification of the order. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107590. [PMID: 35850406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Clupeiformes, including among others herrings, anchovies, shads and menhadens are ecologically and commercially important, yet their phylogenetic relationships are still controversial. Previous classification of Clupeiformes were based on morphological characters or lack of synapomorphic characters. More recent studies based on molecular data as well as new morphological evidence are keeping challenging their phylogenetic relations and there is still no consensus on many interrelationships within the Clupeiformes. In this study, we collected nuclear sequence data from 4,434 single-copy protein coding loci using a gene-capture method. We obtained a robust phylogeny based on 1,165 filtered loci with less than 30 % missing data. Our major findings include: 1) reconfirmation of monophyly of the Clupeiformes, that is, Denticipitidae is sister to all other clupeiforms; 2) the polyphyletic nature of dussumieriids and early branching of Spratelloididae from all other clupeoids were confirmed using datasets curated for less missing data and more balanced base composition in the respective taxa. The next branching clade is the monophyletic Engraulidae. Pristigasteridae also is monophyletic, but it was nested in the previously defined "Clupeidae". Within Pristigasteridae there is no support for monophyletic Pelloninae. Chirocentrus is close to Dussumieria and not to engraulids. The miniaturized Sundasalanx is placed close to the ehiravine Clupeonella, however, with a relatively deep split. The genus Clupea, is not part of the diverse "Clupeidae", but part of a clade containing additionally Sprattus and Etrumeus. Within the crown group clades, Alosidae and Dorosomatidae are retrieved as sister clades. Based on new fossil calibration points, we found that major lineages of the clupeiforms diverged in the late Cretaceous and early Paleogene. The extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous may have created ecological niches, which could have fueled the diversification of clupeiform fishes. Based on the strong evidence of the present study, we propose an updated classification of Clupeiformes consisting of ten families: Denticipitidae; Spratelloididae; Engraulidae (Engraulinae + Coiliinae); Clupeidae; Chirocentridae; Dussumieriidae; Pristigasteridae; Ehiravidae; Alosidae, Dorosomatidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Leyli Purrafee Dizaj
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Junman Huang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Kishor Kumar Sarker
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Charalampos Kevrekidis
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie & Geobiologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
| | - Bettina Reichenbacher
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie & Geobiologie, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany; GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hamid Reza Esmaeili
- Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nicolas Straube
- University Museum, Department of Natural History, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Timo Moritz
- Deutsches Meeresmuseum, Katharinenberg 14-20, 18439 Stralsund, Germany; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Chenhong Li
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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6
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de Brito V, Betancur-R R, Burns MD, Buser TJ, Conway KW, Fontenelle JP, Kolmann MA, McCraney WT, Thacker CE, Bloom DD. Patterns of Phenotypic Evolution Associated with Marine/Freshwater Transitions in Fishes. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:406-423. [PMID: 35675320 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions between marine and freshwater ecosystems have occurred repeatedly throughout the phylogenetic history of fishes. The theory of ecological opportunity predicts that lineages that colonize species-poor regions will have greater potential for phenotypic diversification than lineages invading species-rich regions. Thus, transitions between marine and freshwaters may promote phenotypic diversification in trans-marine/freshwater fish clades. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to analyze body size data in nine major fish clades that have crossed the marine/freshwater boundary. We explored how habitat transitions, ecological opportunity, and community interactions influenced patterns of phenotypic diversity. Our analyses indicated that transitions between marine and freshwater habitats did not drive body size evolution, and there are few differences in body size between marine and freshwater lineages. We found that body size disparity in freshwater lineages is not correlated with the number of independent transitions to freshwaters. We found a positive correlation between body size disparity and overall species richness of a given area, and a negative correlation between body size disparity and diversity of closely related species. Our results indicate that the diversity of incumbent freshwater species does not restrict phenotypic diversification, but the diversity of closely related taxa can limit body size diversification. Ecological opportunity arising from colonization of novel habitats does not seem to have a major effect in the trajectory of body size evolution in trans-marine/freshwater clades. Moreover, competition with closely related taxa in freshwaters has a greater effect than competition with distantly related incumbent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 314, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Michael D Burns
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell Museum of Vertebrates, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850-1923, USA
| | - Thaddaeus J Buser
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, W100 George R. Brown Hall, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kevin W Conway
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - João Pedro Fontenelle
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Matthew A Kolmann
- Museum of Paleontology, Biological Sciences Building, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| | - W Tyler McCraney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 612 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7246, USA
| | - Christine E Thacker
- Research and Collections, Section of Ichthyology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.,Vertebrate Zoology, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Devin D Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA.,Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5419, USA
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8
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Sarker KK, Lu L, Huang J, Zhou T, Wang L, Hu Y, Jiang L, Naher H, Baki MA, Sarker A, Li C. First report of de novo assembly and annotation from brain and blood transcriptome of an anadromous shad, Alosa sapidissima. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:22. [PMID: 35346024 PMCID: PMC8960216 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives American shad (Alosa sapidissima) is an important migratory fish under Alosinae and has long been valued for its economic, nutritional and cultural attributes. Overfishing and barriers across the passage made it vulnerable to sustain. To protect this valuable species, aquaculture action plans have been taken though there are no published genetic resources prevailing yet. Here, we reported the first de novo assembled and annotated transcriptome of A. sapidissima using blood and brain tissues. Data description We generated 160,481 and 129,040 non-redundant transcripts from brain and blood tissues. The entire work strategy involved RNA extraction, library preparation, sequencing, de novo assembly, filtering, annotation and validation. Both coding and non-coding transcripts were annotated against Swissprot and Pfam datasets. Nearly, 83% coding transcripts were functionally assigned. Protein clustering with clupeiform and non-clupeiform taxa revealed ~ 82% coding transcripts retained the orthologue relationship which improved confidence over annotation procedure. This study will serve as a useful resource in future for the research community to elucidate molecular mechanisms for several key traits like migration which is fascinating in clupeiform shads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Kumar Sarker
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junman Huang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Habibon Naher
- Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | | | - Anirban Sarker
- Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Chenhong Li
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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9
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McCord CL, Nash CM, Cooper WJ, Westneat MW. Phylogeny of the damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and patterns of asymmetrical diversification in body size and feeding ecology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258889. [PMID: 34705840 PMCID: PMC8550381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) inhabit near-shore communities in tropical and temperature oceans as one of the major lineages in coral reef fish assemblages. Our understanding of their evolutionary ecology, morphology and function has often been advanced by increasingly detailed and accurate molecular phylogenies. Here we present the next stage of multi-locus, molecular phylogenetics for the group based on analysis of 12 nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences from 345 of the 422 damselfishes. The resulting well-resolved phylogeny helps to address several important questions about higher-level damselfish relationships, their evolutionary history and patterns of divergence. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree yields a root age for the family of 55.5 mya, refines the age of origin for a number of diverse genera, and shows that ecological changes during the Eocene-Oligocene transition provided opportunities for damselfish diversification. We explored the idea that body size extremes have evolved repeatedly among the Pomacentridae, and demonstrate that large and small body sizes have evolved independently at least 40 times and with asymmetric rates of transition among size classes. We tested the hypothesis that transitions among dietary ecotypes (benthic herbivory, pelagic planktivory and intermediate omnivory) are asymmetric, with higher transition rates from intermediate omnivory to either planktivory or herbivory. Using multistate hidden-state speciation and extinction models, we found that both body size and dietary ecotype are significantly associated with patterns of diversification across the damselfishes, and that the highest rates of net diversification are associated with medium body size and pelagic planktivory. We also conclude that the pattern of evolutionary diversification in feeding ecology, with frequent and asymmetrical transitions between feeding ecotypes, is largely restricted to the subfamily Pomacentrinae in the Indo-West Pacific. Trait diversification patterns for damselfishes across a fully resolved phylogeny challenge many recent general conclusions about the evolution of reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene L. McCord
- College of Natural and Behavioral Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California, United States of America
| | - Chloe M. Nash
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - W. James Cooper
- Department of Biology and Program in Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark W. Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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10
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Collins RA, Trauzzi G, Maltby KM, Gibson TI, Ratcliffe FC, Hallam J, Rainbird S, Maclaine J, Henderson PA, Sims DW, Mariani S, Genner MJ. Meta-Fish-Lib: A generalised, dynamic DNA reference library pipeline for metabarcoding of fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1446-1454. [PMID: 34269417 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy and reliability of DNA metabarcoding analyses depend on the breadth and quality of the reference libraries that underpin them. However, there are limited options available to obtain and curate the huge volumes of sequence data that are available on public repositories such as NCBI and BOLD. Here, we provide a pipeline to download, clean and annotate mitochondrial DNA sequence data for a given list of fish species. Features of this pipeline include (a) support for multiple metabarcode markers; (b) searches on species synonyms and taxonomic name validation; (c) phylogeny assisted quality control for identification and removal of misannotated sequences; (d) automatically generated coverage reports for each new GenBank release update; and (e) citable, versioned DOIs. As an example we provide a ready-to-use curated reference library for the marine and freshwater fishes of the U.K. To augment this reference library for environmental DNA metabarcoding specifically, we generated 241 new MiFish-12S sequences for 88 U.K. marine species, and make available new primer sets useful for sequencing these. This brings the coverage of common U.K. species for the MiFish-12S fragment to 93%, opening new avenues for scaling up fish metabarcoding across wide spatial gradients. The Meta-Fish-Lib reference library and pipeline is hosted at https://github.com/genner-lab/meta-fish-lib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert A Collins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Giulia Trauzzi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Katherine M Maltby
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Thomas I Gibson
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Bangor University School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Jane Hallam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Rainbird
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
| | - James Maclaine
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Ecosystems & Environment Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Canales-Aguirre CB, Ritchie PA, Hernández S, Herrera-Yañez V, Ferrada Fuentes S, Oyarzún FX, Hernández CE, Galleguillos R, Arratia G. Phylogenetic relationships, origin and historical biogeography of the genus Sprattus (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11737. [PMID: 34466280 PMCID: PMC8380030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Sprattus comprises five species of marine pelagic fishes distributed worldwide in antitropical, temperate waters. Their distribution suggests an ancient origin during a cold period of the earth’s history. In this study, we evaluated this hypothesis and corroborated the non-monophyly of the genus Sprattus, using a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequences of five mitochondrial genome regions. Sprattus sprattus is more closely related to members of the genus Clupea than to other Sprattus species. We also investigated the historical biogeography of the genus, with the phylogenetic tree showing two well-supported clades corresponding to the species distribution in each hemisphere. Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses showed that an ancient divergence between Northern and Southern Hemispheres occurred at 55.8 MYBP, followed by a diversification in the Oligocene epoch in the Northern Hemisphere clade (33.8 MYBP) and a more recent diversification in the Southern Hemisphere clade (34.2 MYBP). Historical biogeography analyses indicated that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) likely inhabited the Atlantic Ocean in the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the ancestral population of the MRCA diverged in two populations, one was dispersed to the Northern Hemisphere and the other across the Southern Hemisphere. Given that the Eocene was the warmest epoch since the Paleogene, the ancestral populations would have crossed the tropics through deeper cooler waters, as proposed by the isothermal submergence hypothesis. The non-monophyly confirmed for the genus Sprattus indicates that its systematics should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sebastián Hernández
- Biomolecular Laboratory, Center for International Programs, Universidad Veritas, San José, Costa Rica.,Sala de Colecciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Victoria Herrera-Yañez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Sandra Ferrada Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fernanda X Oyarzún
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto Milenio en Socioecología Costera, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián E Hernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Filoinformática, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Ricardo Galleguillos
- Laboratorio de Genética y Acuicultura, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gloria Arratia
- Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States of America
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12
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Chen G, Chang MM, Wu F, Liao X. Guiclupea superstes, gen. et sp. nov., the youngest ellimmichthyiform (clupeomorph) fish to date from the Oligocene of South China. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11418. [PMID: 34131517 PMCID: PMC8176909 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ellimmichthyiform, Guiclupea superstes, gen. et sp. nov., from the Oligocene Ningming Formation of Ningming Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China is described herein. With relatively large body size, parietals meeting at the midline, anterior ceratohyal with a beryciform foramen in the center, a complete predorsal scutes series of very high number and about equally-size scutes with radiating ridges on dorsal surface, first preural centrum unfused with first uroneural but fused with the parhypural, and first ural centrum of roughly the same size as the preural centrum, Guiclupea superstes cannot be assigned to the order Clupeiformes. The phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference methods with Chanos/Elops as outgroup respectively suggests that the new form is closer to ellimmichthyiform genus Diplomystus than to any other fishes, although there are some discrepancies between the two criteria and different outgroups used. It shares with Diplomystus the high supraoccipital crest, pelvic-fin insertion in advance of dorsal fin origin, and the number of predorsal scutes more than 20. The new form represents the youngest ellimmichthyiform fish record in the world. Its discovery indicates that the members of the Ellimmichthyiformes had a wider distribution range and a longer evolutional history than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengjiao Chen
- Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Mee-Mann Chang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrates, Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences IVPP, CAS, Beijing, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrates, Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences IVPP, CAS, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Liao
- Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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13
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Clarke JT. Evidence for general size-by-habitat rules in actinopterygian fishes across nine scales of observation. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1569-1581. [PMID: 34110065 PMCID: PMC8362132 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identifying environmental predictors of phenotype is fundamentally important to many ecological questions, from revealing broadscale ecological processes to predicting extinction risk. However, establishing robust environment—phenotype relationships is challenging, as powerful case studies require diverse clades which repeatedly undergo environmental transitions at multiple taxonomic scales. Actinopterygian fishes, with 32,000+ species, fulfil these criteria for the fundamental habitat divisions in water. With four datasets of body size (ranging 10,905–27,226 species), I reveal highly consistent size‐by‐habitat‐use patterns across nine scales of observation. Taxa in marine, marine‐brackish, euryhaline and freshwater‐brackish habitats possess larger mean sizes than freshwater relatives, and the largest mean sizes consistently emerge within marine‐brackish and euryhaline taxa. These findings align with the predictions of seven mechanisms thought to drive larger size by promoting additional trophic levels. However, mismatches between size and trophic‐level patterns highlight a role for additional mechanisms, and support for viable candidates is examined in 3439 comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Clarke
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Smith SE, Palkovacs EP, Weidel BC, Bunnell DB, Jones AW, Bloom DD. A century of intermittent eco-evolutionary feedbacks resulted in novel trait combinations in invasive Great Lakes alewives ( Alosa pseudoharengus). Evol Appl 2020; 13:2630-2645. [PMID: 33294013 PMCID: PMC7691454 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Species introductions provide opportunities to quantify rates and patterns of evolutionary change in response to novel environments. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) are native to the East Coast of North America where they ascend coastal rivers to spawn in lakes and then return to the ocean. Some populations have become landlocked within the last 350 years and diverged phenotypically from their ancestral marine population. More recently, alewives were introduced to the Laurentian Great Lakes (~150 years ago), but these populations have not been compared to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. We quantified 95 years of evolution in foraging traits and overall body shape of Great Lakes alewives and compared patterns of phenotypic evolution of Great Lakes alewives to East Coast anadromous and landlocked populations. Our results suggest that gill raker spacing in Great Lakes alewives has evolved in a dynamic pattern that is consistent with responses to strong but intermittent eco-evolutionary feedbacks with zooplankton size. Following their initial colonization of Lakes Ontario and Michigan, dense alewife populations likely depleted large-bodied zooplankton, which drove a decrease in alewife gill raker spacing. However, the introduction of large, non-native zooplankton to the Great Lakes in later decades resulted in an increase in gill raker spacing, and present-day Great Lakes alewives have gill raker spacing patterns that are similar to the ancestral East Coast anadromous population. Conversely, contemporary Great Lakes alewife populations possess a gape width consistent with East Coast landlocked populations. Body shape showed remarkable parallel evolution with East Coast landlocked populations, likely due to a shared response to the loss of long-distance movement or migrations. Our results suggest the colonization of a new environment and cessation of migration can result in rapid parallel evolution in some traits, but contingency also plays a role, and a dynamic ecosystem can also yield novel trait combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby E. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
| | - Eric P. Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Brian C. Weidel
- United States Geological Survey (USGS) at the Great Lakes Science CenterLake Ontario Biological StationOswegoNYUSA
| | - David B. Bunnell
- United States Geological Survey (USGS) at the Great Lakes Science CenterAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Andrew W. Jones
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FisheriesNortheast Fisheries Science CenterNarragansettRIUSA
| | - Devin D. Bloom
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
- Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
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15
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Kolmann MA, Burns MD, Ng JYK, Lovejoy NR, Bloom DD. Habitat transitions alter the adaptive landscape and shape phenotypic evolution in needlefishes (Belonidae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3769-3783. [PMID: 32313635 PMCID: PMC7160164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat occupancy can have a profound influence on macroevolutionary dynamics, and a switch in major habitat type may alter the evolutionary trajectory of a lineage. In this study, we investigate how evolutionary transitions between marine and freshwater habitats affect macroevolutionary adaptive landscapes, using needlefishes (Belonidae) as a model system. We examined the evolution of body shape and size in marine and freshwater needlefishes and tested for phenotypic change in response to transitions between habitats. Using micro-computed tomographic (µCT) scanning and geometric morphometrics, we quantified body shape, size, and vertebral counts of 31 belonid species. We then examined the pattern and tempo of body shape and size evolution using phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results show that transitions from marine to freshwater habitats have altered the adaptive landscape for needlefishes and expanded morphospace relative to marine taxa. We provide further evidence that freshwater taxa attain reduced sizes either through dwarfism (as inferred from axial skeletal reduction) or through developmental truncation (as inferred from axial skeletal loss). We propose that transitions to freshwater habitats produce morphological novelty in response to novel prey resources and changes in locomotor demands. We find that repeated invasions of different habitats have prompted predictable changes in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Kolmann
- Department of Biological SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Friday Harbor LaboratoriesUniversity of WashingtonFriday HarborWAUSA
| | - Michael D. Burns
- Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell University Museum of VertebratesIthacaNYUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
| | - Justin Y. K. Ng
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nathan R. Lovejoy
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | - Devin D. Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences & Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityWestern Michigan UniversityKalamazooMIUSA
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16
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Burns MD, Bloom DD. Migratory lineages rapidly evolve larger body sizes than non-migratory relatives in ray-finned fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192615. [PMID: 31937226 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory animals respond to environmental heterogeneity by predictably moving long distances in their lifetime. Migration has evolved repeatedly in animals, and many adaptations are found across the tree of life that increase migration efficiency. Life-history theory predicts that migratory species should evolve a larger body size than non-migratory species, and some empirical studies have shown this pattern. A recent study analysed the evolution of body size between diadromous and non-diadromous shads, herrings, anchovies and allies, finding that species evolved larger body sizes when adapting to a diadromous lifestyle. It remains unknown whether different fish clades adapt to migration similarly. We used an adaptive landscape framework to explore body size evolution for over 4500 migratory and non-migratory species of ray-finned fishes. By fitting models of macroevolution, we show that migratory species are evolving towards a body size that is larger than non-migratory species. Furthermore, we find that migratory lineages evolve towards their optimal body size more rapidly than non-migratory lineages, indicating body size is a key adaption for migratory fishes. Our results show, for the first time, that the largest vertebrate radiation on the planet exhibited strong evolutionary determinism when adapting to a migratory lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Devin D Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.,Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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17
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Bloom DD, Kolmann M, Foster K, Watrous H. Mode of miniaturisation influences body shape evolution in New World anchovies (Engraulidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 96:194-201. [PMID: 31729024 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explored the macroevolutionary dynamics of miniaturisation in New World anchovies by integrating a time-calibrated phylogeny, geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. We found that the paedomorphic species Amazonsprattus scintilla occupies a novel region of shape space, while the dwarf species Anchoviella manamensis has an overall shape consistent with other anchovies. We found that miniaturisation did not increase overall clade disparity in size or shape beyond the expectations of Brownian motion, nor were there differences in rates of size or shape evolution among clades. Overall, our study shows that while the mode of miniaturisation influences shape evolution, the phenotypic novelty produced by the evolution of miniaturisation did not seem to alter macroevolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin D Bloom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
- Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Kolmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kimberly Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Helen Watrous
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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18
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Buser TJ, Finnegan DL, Summers AP, Kolmann MA. Have Niche, Will Travel. New Means of Linking Diet and Ecomorphology Reveals Niche Conservatism in Freshwater Cottoid Fishes. Integr Org Biol 2019; 1:obz023. [PMID: 33791537 PMCID: PMC7671106 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions between habitats have been catalysts for some of the most stunning examples of adaptive diversification, with novel niches and new resources providing ecological opportunity for such radiations. In aquatic animals, transitions from saltwater to freshwater habitats are rare, but occur often enough that in the Neotropics for example, marine-derived fishes contribute noticeably to regional ichthyofaunal diversity. Here, we investigate how morphology has evolved in a group of temperate fishes that contain a marine to freshwater transition: the sculpins (Percomorpha; Cottoidea). We devised a novel method for classifying dietary niche and relating functional aspects of prey to their predators. Coupled with functional measurements of the jaw apparatus in cottoids, we explored whether freshwater sculpins have fundamentally changed their niche after invading freshwater (niche lability) or if they retain a niche similar to their marine cousins (niche conservatism). Freshwater sculpins exhibit both phylogeographical and ecological signals of phylogenetic niche conservatism, meaning that regardless of habitat, sculpins fill similar niche roles in either saltwater or freshwater. Rather than competition guiding niche conservatism in freshwater cottoids, we argue that strong intrinsic constraints on morphological and ecological evolution are at play, contra to other studies of diversification in marine-derived freshwater fishes. However, several intertidal and subtidal sculpins as well as several pelagic freshwater species from Lake Baikal show remarkable departures from the typical sculpin bauplan. Our method of prey categorization provides an explicit, quantitative means of classifying dietary niche for macroevolutionary studies, rather than relying on somewhat arbitrary means used in previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Buser
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97321, USA
| | - D L Finnegan
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - A P Summers
- Department of Biology and SAFS, University of Washington s Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
| | - M A Kolmann
- Department of Biology and SAFS, University of Washington s Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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19
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Tamario C, Sunde J, Petersson E, Tibblin P, Forsman A. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Environmental Change and Management Actions for Migrating Fish. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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