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Miyazaki T, Kanatsu-Shinohara M, Ogonuki N, Matoba S, Ogura A, Yabe-Nishimura C, Zhang H, Pommier Y, Trumpp A, Shinohara T. Glutamine protects mouse spermatogonial stem cells against NOX1-derived ROS for sustaining self-renewal division in vitro. Development 2023; 150:dev201157. [PMID: 36897562 PMCID: PMC10698750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria; they are generally harmful for stem cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are unique among tissue-stem cells because they undergo ROS-dependent self-renewal via NOX1 activation. However, the mechanism by which SSCs are protected from ROS remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role for Gln in ROS protection using cultured SSCs derived from immature testes. Measurements of amino acids required for SSC cultures revealed the indispensable role of Gln in SSC survival. Gln induced Myc expression to drive SSC self-renewal in vitro, whereas Gln deprivation triggered Trp53-dependent apoptosis and impaired SSC activity. However, apoptosis was attenuated in cultured SSCs that lacked NOX1. In contrast, cultured SSCs lacking Top1mt mitochondria-specific topoisomerase exhibited poor mitochondrial ROS production and underwent apoptosis. Gln deprivation reduced glutathione production; supra-molar Asn supplementation allowed offspring production from SSCs cultured without Gln. Therefore, Gln ensures ROS-dependent SSC-self-renewal by providing protection against NOX1 and inducing Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Miyazaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- RIKEN, Bioresource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shogo Matoba
- RIKEN, Bioresource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN, Bioresource Research Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yabe-Nishimura
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8566, Japan
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Deveopmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Deveopmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforshungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Shinohara T, Yamamoto T, Morimoto H, Shiromoto Y, Kanatsu-Shinohara M. Allogeneic offspring produced by induction of PD-L1 in spermatogonial stem cells via self-renewal stimulation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:985-998. [PMID: 36963391 PMCID: PMC10147552 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The testis is an immune-privileged organ. It is considered that the testis somatic microenvironment is responsible for immune suppression. However, immunological properties of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have remained unknown. Here, we report the birth of allogeneic offspring by enhanced expression of immunosuppressive PD-L1 in SSCs. In vitro supplementation of GDNF and FGF2 increased expression of PD-L1 in SSCs. Cultured SSCs maintained allogeneic spermatogenesis that persisted for >1 year. However, depletion or gene editing of Pd-l1 family genes in SSCs prevented allogeneic spermatogenesis, which suggested that germ cells are responsible for suppression of the allogeneic response. PD-L1 was induced by activation of the MAPK14-BCL6B pathway, which drives self-renewal by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. By contrast, reduced ROS or Mapk14 deficiency downregulated PD-L1. Allogeneic offspring were born after SSC transplantation into congenitally infertile and chemically castrated mice. Thus, SSCs have unique immunological properties, which make allogeneic recipients into "surrogate fathers."
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiromoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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Estimation of the Regenerative Potential of para-Tyrosol in the Model of Testicular Insufficiency Caused by Damage to Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:632-636. [PMID: 35352256 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative properties of p-tyrosol were investigated in a model of testicular insufficiency caused by a toxic effect on spermatogonial stem cells (single administration of paclitaxel in the maximum tolerable dose). Against the background of p-tyrosol administration, we observed an increase in the number of normal spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, stimulation of spermatogenesis, and renewal of the spermatogenic tissue. The treatment with p-tyrosol also led to a decrease in DNA damage in cells of the testicular tissue. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the level of free radicals, an increase in antioxidant protection, and normalization of the redox potential.
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Genomic stability of mouse spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24199. [PMID: 34921203 PMCID: PMC8683475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations underlie genetic diversity and species evolution. Previous studies have assessed the theoretical mutation rates and spectra in germ cells mostly by analyzing genetic markers and reporter genes in populations and pedigrees. This study reported the direct measurement of germline mutations by whole-genome sequencing of cultured spermatogonial stem cells in mice, namely germline stem (GS) cells, together with multipotent GS (mGS) cells that spontaneously dedifferentiated from GS cells. GS cells produce functional sperm that can generate offspring by transplantation into seminiferous tubules, whereas mGS cells contribute to germline chimeras by microinjection into blastocysts in a manner similar to embryonic stem cells. The estimated mutation rate of GS and mGS cells was approximately 0.22 × 10-9 and 1.0 × 10-9 per base per cell population doubling, respectively, indicating that GS cells have a lower mutation rate compared to mGS cells. GS and mGS cells also showed distinct mutation patterns, with C-to-T transition as the most frequent in GS cells and C-to-A transversion as the most predominant in mGS cells. By karyotype analysis, GS cells showed recurrent trisomy of chromosomes 15 and 16, whereas mGS cells frequently exhibited chromosomes 1, 6, 8, and 11 amplifications, suggesting that distinct chromosomal abnormalities confer a selective growth advantage for each cell type in vitro. These data provide the basis for studying germline mutations and a foundation for the future utilization of GS cells for reproductive technology and clinical applications.
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Gao W, Yu T, Li G, Shu W, Jin Y, Zhang M, Yu X. Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Apoptotic Effect of the Small Molecule Procyanidin B1 in Early Mouse Embryonic Development Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206150. [PMID: 34684730 PMCID: PMC8540974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As an antioxidant, procyanidin B1(PB1) can improve the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos; PB1 reduces the level of oxidative stress (OS) during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Metabolite hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produces OS. Catalase (CAT) can degrade hydrogen peroxide so that it produces less toxic water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) in order to reduce the harm caused by H2O2. Therefore, we tested the CAT level in the in vitro development of SCNT embryos; it was found that PB1 can increase the expression of CAT, indicating that PB1 can offset the harm caused by oxidative stress by increasing the level of CAT. Moreover, if H2O2 accumulates excessively, it produces radical-(HO-) through Fe2+/3+ and damage to DNA. The damage caused to the DNA is mainly repaired by the protein encoded by the DNA damage repair gene. Therefore, we tested the expression of the DNA damage repair gene, OGG1. It was found that PB1 can increase the expression of OGG1 and increase the expression of protein. Through the above test, we proved that PB1 can improve the repairability of DNA damage. DNA damage can lead to cell apoptosis; therefore, we also tested the level of apoptosis of blastocysts, and we found that PB1 reduced the level of apoptosis. In summary, our results show that PB1 reduces the accumulation of H2O2 by decreasing the level of OS during the in vitro development of SCNT embryos and improves the repairability of DNA damage to reduce cell apoptosis. Our results have important significance for the improvement of the development of SCNT embryos in vitro and provide important reference significance for diseases that can be treated using SCNT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.G.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
- Group of Non-Human Primates of Reproductive and Stem Cell, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650203, China; (T.Y.); (G.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Tingting Yu
- Group of Non-Human Primates of Reproductive and Stem Cell, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650203, China; (T.Y.); (G.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Guomeng Li
- Group of Non-Human Primates of Reproductive and Stem Cell, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650203, China; (T.Y.); (G.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wei Shu
- Group of Non-Human Primates of Reproductive and Stem Cell, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650203, China; (T.Y.); (G.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Yongxun Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.G.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.G.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xianfeng Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (W.G.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8783-6536
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Nguyen-Powanda P, Robaire B. Aging and oxidative stress alter DNA repair mechanisms in male germ cells of superoxide dismutase-1 null mice. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:944-957. [PMID: 34098580 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of antioxidant defense system decreases with aging, thus resulting in high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in spermatozoa. This damage can lead to genetic disorders in the offspring. There are limited studies investigating the effects of the total loss of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), in male germ cells as they progress through spermatogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of aging and removing SOD1 (in male germ cells of SOD1-null (Sod1-/-) mice) in order to determine the potential mechanism(s) of DNA damage in these cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the germ cells of aged wild-type (WT) and Sod1-/- mice of all age. Immunostaining of OGG1, a marker of base excision repair (BER), increased in aged WT and young Sod1-/- mice. In contrast, immunostaining intensity of LIGIV and RAD51, markers of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), respectively, decreased in aged and Sod1-/- mice. Gene expression analysis showed similar results with altered mRNA expression of these key DNA repair transcripts in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of aged and Sod1-/- mice. Our study indicates that DNA repair pathway markers of BER, NHEJ, and HR are differentially regulated as a function of aging and oxidative stress in spermatocytes and spermatids, and aging enhances the repair response to increased oxidative DNA damage, whereas impairments in other DNA repair mechanisms may contribute to the increase in DNA damage caused by aging and the loss of SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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