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Sultan AA, Berger RJ, Cantrell WA, Samuel LT, Ohliger E, Golubovsky J, Bachour S, Pasadyn S, Karnuta JM, Tamer P, Le P, Kuivila TE, Gurd DP, Goodwin RC. Removal of a urinary catheter before discontinuation of epidural analgesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative urinary retention and hospital episode costs in patients undergoing surgical correction for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine Deform 2020; 8:195-201. [PMID: 31981148 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal instrumented fusion (PSIF), we aimed to answer these questions: (1) is there a difference in postoperative urinary retention (UR) rates among patients who had removal of their Foley catheters before vs. after discontinuation of epidural analgesia (EA)? (2) Can the timing of Foley catheter removal be an independent risk factor for postoperative UR requiring recatheterization? (3) Is there an incurred cost related to treating UR? STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. BACKGROUND EA has been widely used for postoperative pain control after PSIF for AIS. In these patients, removing the Foley catheter, inserted for intraoperative monitoring of urine output, is indicated in the early postoperative period. However, a controversy exists as to whether it should be removed before or after the EA has been discontinued. METHODS A single-institution, longitudinally maintained database was queried to identify 297 patients who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient characteristics and the order and timing of removing the urinary and epidural catheters were collected. Rates of UR were statistically compared in patients who had early vs. late urinary catheter removal. A univariate and multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors. Hospital episode costs were analyzed. RESULTS Patients who had early (n = 66, 22%) vs. late (n = 231, 78%) urinary catheter removal had a significantly higher incidence of UR requiring recatheterization (15 vs. 4.7%, p = 0.007). Patient with early removal were almost 4 times more likely to develop UR requiring recatheterization [odds ratio (OR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-9.7, p = 0.005]. UR incurred additional costs averaging $15,000/patient (p = 0.204). CONCLUSION In patients who had PSIF for AIS, removal of a urinary catheter before discontinuation of EA is an independent risk factor for UR, requiring recatheterization and associated with increased cost. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem A Sultan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Ryan J Berger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - William A Cantrell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Linsen T Samuel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Erin Ohliger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Golubovsky
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Salam Bachour
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Selena Pasadyn
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jaret M Karnuta
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Pierre Tamer
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue NA21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Phuc Le
- Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Thomas E Kuivila
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - David P Gurd
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ryan C Goodwin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Choi JH, Yoon S, Lee SW, Jeh SU, Hwa JS, Hyun JS, Chung KH, Seo DH, Lee C, Kam SC, Choi SM. Risk factors for postoperative urinary retention among women who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2019; 11:158-162. [DOI: 10.1111/luts.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwi Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Woo Lee
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Uk Jeh
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Hwa
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seog Hyun
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ha Seo
- Department of UrologyGyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Changwon Republic of Korea
| | - Chunwoo Lee
- Department of UrologyGyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Changwon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Kam
- Department of UrologyGyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Changwon Republic of Korea
| | - See Min Choi
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University School of Medicine Jinju Republic of Korea
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Suprapubic bladder drainage and epidural catheters following abdominal surgery-A risk for urinary tract infections? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209825. [PMID: 30673740 PMCID: PMC6343869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidural catheters are state of the art for postoperative analgesic in abdominal surgery. Due to neurolysis it can lead to postoperative urinary tract retention (POUR), which leads to prolonged bladder catheterization, which has an increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTI). Our aim was to identify the current perioperative management of urinary catheters and, second, to identify the optimal time of suprapubic bladder catheter removal in regard to the removal of the epidural catheter. Methods We sent a questionnaire to 102 German hospitals and analyzed the 83 received answers to evaluate the current handling of bladder drainage and epidural catheters. Then, we conducted a retrospective study including 501 patients, who received an epidural and suprapubic catheter after abdominal surgery at the University Hospital Würzburg. We divided the patients into three groups according to the point in time of suprapubic bladder drainage removal in regard to the removal of the epidural catheter and analyzed the onset of a UTI. Results Our survey showed that in almost all hospitals (98.8%), patients received an epidural catheter and a bladder drainage after abdominal surgery. The point in time of urinary catheter removal was equally distributed between before, simultaneously and after the removal of the epidural catheter (respectively: ~28–29%). The retrospective study showed a catheter-associated UTI in 6.7%. Women were affected significantly more often than men (10,7% versus 2,5%, p<0.001). There was a non-significant trend to more UTIs when the suprapubic catheter was removed after the epidural catheter (before: 5.7%, after: 8.4%). Conclusion The point in time of suprapubic bladder drainage removal in relation to the removal of the epidural catheter does not seem to correlate with the rate of UTIs. The current handling in Germany is inhomogeneous, so further studies to standardize treatment are recommended.
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Jackson J, Davies P, Leggett N, Nugawela MD, Scott LJ, Leach V, Richards A, Blacker A, Abrams P, Sharma J, Donovan J, Whiting P. Systematic review of interventions for the prevention and treatment of postoperative urinary retention. BJS Open 2018; 3:11-23. [PMID: 30734011 PMCID: PMC6354194 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative urinary retention (PO‐UR) is an acute and painful inability to void after surgery that can lead to complications and delayed hospital discharge. Standard treatment with a urinary catheter is associated with a risk of infection and can be distressing, undignified and uncomfortable. This systematic review aimed to identify effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of PO‐UR that might be alternatives to urinary catheterization. Methods Electronic databases were searched from inception to September 2017. Randomized trials of interventions for the prevention or treatment of PO‐UR were eligible for inclusion. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane (2.0) tool. Two reviewers were involved at all review stages. Where possible, data were pooled using random‐effects meta‐analysis. The overall quality of the body of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. Results Some 48 studies involving 5644 participants were included. Most interventions were pharmacological strategies to prevent PO‐UR. Based on GRADE, there was high‐certainty evidence to support replacing morphine in a regional anaesthetic regimen, using alpha‐blockers (number needed to treat to prevent one case of PO‐UR (NNT) 5, 95 per cent c.i. 5 to 7), the antispasmodic drug drotaverine (NNT 9, 7 to 30) and early postoperative mobilization (NNT 5, 4 to 8) for prevention, and employing hot packs or gauze soaked in warm water for treatment (NNT 2, 2 to 4). Very few studies reported on secondary outcomes of pain, incidence of urinary tract infection or duration of hospital stay. Conclusion Promising interventions exist for PO‐UR, but they need to be evaluated in randomized trials investigating comparative clinical and cost effectiveness, and acceptability to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jackson
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - P Davies
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - N Leggett
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - M D Nugawela
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - L J Scott
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - V Leach
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - A Richards
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - A Blacker
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Coventry UK
| | - P Abrams
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol UK
| | - J Sharma
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire Coventry UK
| | - J Donovan
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - P Whiting
- National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust Bristol UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol Bristol UK
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Essential Elements of Multimodal Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guidelines. Anesthesiol Clin 2017; 35:e115-e143. [PMID: 28526156 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative multimodal analgesia uses combinations of analgesic medications that act on different sites and pathways in an additive or synergistic manner to achieve pain relief with minimal or no opiate consumption. Although all medications have side effects, opiates have particularly concerning, multisystemic, long-term, and short-term side effects, which increase morbidity and prolong admissions. Enhanced recovery is a systematic process addressing each aspect affecting recovery. This article outlines the evidence base forming the current multimodal analgesia recommendations made by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society (ERAS). We describe current evidence and important future directions for effective perioperative multimodal analgesia in enhanced recovery pathways.
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Alyami M, Lundberg P, Passot G, Glehen O, Cotte E. Laparoscopic Colonic Resection Without Urinary Drainage: Is It "Feasible"? J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:1388-92. [PMID: 27142635 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary retention following colorectal surgery is a known and costly morbidity. Increasing effort is being made to streamline patient recovery following colon resection, though the ideal timing and duration of urinary catheterization (UC) and its effect on urinary retention (UR) and urinary tract infection (UTI) remain controversial. METHODS Our program prospectively enrolled patients undergoing elective segmental colon resection through our "fast track" protocol, in which UC is completely avoided unless required for fluid management or to facilitate dissection. Patient demographics and perioperative data including type of analgesia, duration of anesthesia, timing of UC, and rates of perioperative UR and UTI were prospectively recorded. RESULTS Sixty-five patients met inclusion criteria. Sigmoid colectomy was the most common procedure (76.9 %). The average duration of anesthesia was 274 min, and epidural analgesia was employed in 32 (49.2 %). Twenty-two patients (33.8 %) required temporary perioperative UC. All patients left the operating room without a urinary catheter. Urinary retention occurred in six patients (9.2 %, three with and three without epidural analgesia). One patient who was not catheterized developed a UTI (1.5 %). There was no perioperative mortality. Overall, 39 (60.0 %) patients successfully underwent segmental colon resection and hospital discharge without any UC. CONCLUSIONS "Fast track" enhanced recovery after elective segmental colon resection without requiring UC is safe and feasible. Epidural analgesia does not mandate the use of UC. In light of the considerable morbidity and cost of UR and UTI, this approach merits further investigation for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alyami
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France. .,King Abdullah Scholarship Program, Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau, Paris, France.
| | - P Lundberg
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - G Passot
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,University Lyon-1, EMR 37-38, Oullins, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,University Lyon-1, EMR 37-38, Oullins, France
| | - E Cotte
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Department of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France.,University Lyon-1, EMR 37-38, Oullins, France
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Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BPBW, Fearon KCH, Feldman LS, Gan TJ, Kennedy RH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN, Miller T, Radtke FF, Ruiz Garces T, Schricker T, Scott MJ, Thacker JK, Ytrebø LM, Carli F. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:289-334. [PMID: 26514824 PMCID: PMC5061107 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The present interdisciplinary consensus review proposes clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthetic practice in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery with an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) programme. Methods Studies were selected with particular attention being paid to meta‐analyses, randomized controlled trials and large prospective cohort studies. For each item of the perioperative treatment pathway, available English‐language literature was examined and reviewed. The group reached a consensus recommendation after critical appraisal of the literature. Results This consensus statement demonstrates that anaesthesiologists control several preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ERAS elements. Further research is needed to verify the strength of these recommendations. Conclusions Based on the evidence available for each element of perioperative care pathways, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS ®) Society presents a comprehensive consensus review, clinical considerations and recommendations for anaesthesia care in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery within an ERAS programme. This unified protocol facilitates involvement of anaesthesiologists in the implementation of the ERAS programmes and allows for comparison between centres and it eventually might facilitate the design of multi‐institutional prospective and adequately powered randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Feldheiser
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - O. Aziz
- St. Mark's Hospital Harrow Middlesex UK
| | - G. Baldini
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - B. P. B. W. Cox
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy University Hospital Maastricht (azM) Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - K. C. H. Fearon
- University of Edinburgh The Royal Infirmary Clinical Surgery Edinburgh UK
| | - L. S. Feldman
- Department of Surgery McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - T. J. Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - R. H. Kennedy
- St. Mark's Hospital/Imperial College Harrow, Middlesex/London UK
| | - O. Ljungqvist
- Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro University Örebro Sweden
| | - D. N. Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham UK
| | - T. Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - F. F. Radtke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow‐Klinikum Charité University Medicine Berlin Germany
| | - T. Ruiz Garces
- Anestesiologa y Reanimacin Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - T. Schricker
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Royal Victoria Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - M. J. Scott
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust University of Surrey Surrey UK
| | - J. K. Thacker
- Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - L. M. Ytrebø
- Department of Anaesthesiology University Hospital of North Norway Tromso Norway
| | - F. Carli
- Department of Anesthesia McGill University Health Centre Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
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Forget P, Veevaete L, Lois F, De Kock M, Remue C, Leonard D, Kartheuser A. Is Urinary Drainage Necessary in Patients With Thoracic Epidural Analgesia? A Prospective Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:e30-1. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Youssef N, Orlov D, Alie T, Chong M, Cheng J, Thabane L, Paul J. What Epidural Opioid Results in the Best Analgesia Outcomes and Fewest Side Effects After Surgery? Anesth Analg 2014; 119:965-977. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Choi S, Mahon P, Awad IT. Neuraxial anesthesia and bladder dysfunction in the perioperative period: a systematic review. Can J Anaesth 2012; 59:681-703. [PMID: 22535232 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-012-9717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary retention requiring catheterization carries the risk of infection. Neuraxial anesthesia causes transient impairment of bladder function ranging from delayed initiation of micturition to frank urinary retention. We undertook a review of the literature to determine the elements of neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia that prolong bladder dysfunction and increase the incidence of urinary retention. METHODS We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases (from January 1980 to January 2011) to identify studies where neuraxial anesthesia and/or analgesia were employed and at least one of the following outcomes was reported: urinary retention, time to micturition, or post void residual. We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies published in the English language and we excluded case reports. The randomized trials were graded according to the Jadad score. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Our search yielded 94 studies, and in 16 of these studies, the authors reported time to micturition after intrathecal anesthesia of varying local anesthetics and doses. Intrathecal injections were performed in 41 of these studies, epidural anesthesia/analgesia was used in 39 studies, and five studies involved both the intrathecal and epidural routes. Meta-analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of interventions and reported outcomes. The duration of detrusor dysfunction after intrathecal anesthesia is correlated with local anesthetic dose and potency. The incidence of urinary retention displays a similar trend and is further increased by the presence of neuraxial opioids, particularly long-acting variants. Urinary tract infection secondary to catheterization occurred rarely. CONCLUSIONS Neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia results in transient detrusor dysfunction. The duration of dysfunction depends on the potency and dose of medication used; however, it does not appear to result in significant morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Choi
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chia YY, Wei RJ, Chang HC, Liu K. Optimal duration of urinary catheterization after thoracotomy in patients under postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 47:173-9. [PMID: 20015817 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-4597(09)60051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural analgesia is widely used for efficient pain relief after major surgery. However, it may cause urinary retention, leading to delayed removal of bladder catheters with prolonged patient discomfort. Using a specific regimen in patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), we examined the optimal duration of urinary catheterization in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery. METHODS Seventy-eight patients scheduled for elective thoracotomy were prospectively randomized into two groups: Group 1, removal of the transurethral catheter on the first postoperative day (n = 38); Group 2, removal of the catheter after discontinuation of PCEA (n = 40). The PCEA regimen was a mixture containing low-dose morphine, bupivacaine and neostigmine and was given for 3 days after surgery in all subjects. Micturition problems, pain scores assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS), and side effects were evaluated during and after PCEA treatment. RESULTS The average duration of urinary drainage after surgery was 30.2 + or - 5.1 hours and 78.5 + or - 7.3 hours in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. After removal of the bladder catheter, no patient in either group required re-catheterization for urinary retention or encountered catheter-related infection. VAS scores were significantly lower in Group 1 at rest and at 24, 36 and 48 hours after cessation of PCEA. VAS scores were significantly higher in Group 2 patients, possibly due to catheter-induced pain related to prolonged catheterization. CONCLUSION Routine continuous bladder catheterization may not necessarily be required after thoracotomy in patients with ongoing continuous thoracic epidural analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Chia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Darrah DM, Griebling TL, Silverstein JH. Postoperative Urinary Retention. Anesthesiol Clin 2009; 27:465-84, table of contents. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Ladak SSJ, Katznelson R, Muscat M, Sawhney M, Beattie WS, O'Leary G. Incidence of urinary retention in patients with thoracic patient-controlled epidural analgesia (TPCEA) undergoing thoracotomy. Pain Manag Nurs 2009; 10:94-8. [PMID: 19481048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Up to 100% of patients treated with epidural analgesia can experience urinary retention, which may be related to dermatomal level of the epidural block, epidural medication, and surgical procedure. This study was designed to identify the incidence of urinary retention in patients who receive thoracic patient-controlled epidural analgesia (TPCEA) after thoracotomy. Forty-nine patients were enrolled and received epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% or mixture of bupivacaine 0.1% with hydromorphone 0.015 mg/mL. Epidural catheter placement level was verified by chest X-rays. Indwelling urinary catheters were removed between 12 and 48 h after surgery when no longer required for fluid monitoring. Four hours later, patients were assessed for urinary retention using bladder ultrasound. Residual bladder volume was recorded, and urinary retention was defined as an inability to void or a bladder volume of greater than 600 mL at 4 h. Twenty-four hours after the catheter removal, patients completed a questionnaire to assess their perception of the indwelling catheter before and after its removal. Five participants (approximately 10%) with epidural catheters between T3 and T5 with bupivacaine/hydromorphone epidural solution were recatheterized. No association was established between catheter level, drug type, infusion rate, and urinary retention. Although 76% of patients did not report any physical discomfort with the indwelling urinary catheter, 66% felt relief after its removal and 18% did not ambulate with the inserted urinary catheter. The incidence of postoperative urine retention was low (10%), indicating that unless required for other purposes, indwelling urinary catheters may be removed between 12 and 48 h after surgery while receiving TPCEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima S J Ladak
- Acute Pain Service, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 3 Eaton North, Toronto, Ontario M5G2C4, Canada.
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Lee SJ, Hyung WJ, Koo BN, Lee JY, Jun NH, Kim SC, Kim JW, Liu J, Kim KJ. Laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy under thoracic epidural-general anesthesia leading to the effects on postoperative micturition. Surg Endosc 2008; 22:724-30. [PMID: 17661136 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the laparoscopic surgical technique has been widely applied to major surgery as it can minimize surgical incision, reduce blood loss, and shorten hospital stay. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the laparoscopic surgery on postoperative micturitional function in comparison to open surgery. METHOD Sixty patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy were assigned to either laparoscopic (L group, n = 30) or open surgery (O group, n = 30) groups. The combined thoracic epidural-general anesthesia was performed on all patients, and epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using ropivacaine and sufentanil was maintained for two days following surgery. After surgery, visual analog pain score (VAS), levels of sensory and motor block, observer's assessment of alertness/sedation score (OAA/S), time to first flatus, ambulation and oral intake, and micturition function were assessed. RESULTS The L group showed much earlier ambulation, flatus and oral intake than the O group. Although the scores of VAS and OAA/S were not significantly different between the two groups, the micturition problem scores of the L group were lower than that of the O group (P < 0.05). All patients of the L group had no difficulty in self-voiding, whereas four patients in the O group required urinary catheterization on the first postoperative day (POD1). CONCLUSIONS Patients who underwent laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy had a low incidence of micturitional problem and showed early recovery. Therefore, urinary catheterization on POD1 may not be a routine procedure for those who undergo laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy under combined thoracic epidural-general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Anesthesia, Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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16
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Lim ES, Kim KJ, Yoon JS, Nam SH, Kong MH. Effects of Epidural Naloxone on Pruritus Induced by Epidural Sufentanil. Korean J Pain 2007. [DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2007.20.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eui Sung Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Madi Hospital, Korea
| | - Ki Jun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sun Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Nam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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