1
|
Durmaz Celik N, Ozben S, Ozben T. Unveiling Parkinson's disease through biomarker research: current insights and future prospects. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38529882 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2331471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Despite substantial strides in comprehending potential causative mechanisms, the validation of biomarkers with unequivocal evidence for routine clinical application remains elusive. Consequently, the diagnosis heavily relies on patients' clinical assessments and medical backgrounds. The imperative need for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers arises due to the prevailing limitations of treatments, which predominantly address symptoms without modifying the disease course. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the existing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PD, drawing insights from contemporary literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Durmaz Celik
- Department of Neurology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozben
- Department of Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walitt B, Singh K, LaMunion SR, Hallett M, Jacobson S, Chen K, Enose-Akahata Y, Apps R, Barb JJ, Bedard P, Brychta RJ, Buckley AW, Burbelo PD, Calco B, Cathay B, Chen L, Chigurupati S, Chen J, Cheung F, Chin LMK, Coleman BW, Courville AB, Deming MS, Drinkard B, Feng LR, Ferrucci L, Gabel SA, Gavin A, Goldstein DS, Hassanzadeh S, Horan SC, Horovitz SG, Johnson KR, Govan AJ, Knutson KM, Kreskow JD, Levin M, Lyons JJ, Madian N, Malik N, Mammen AL, McCulloch JA, McGurrin PM, Milner JD, Moaddel R, Mueller GA, Mukherjee A, Muñoz-Braceras S, Norato G, Pak K, Pinal-Fernandez I, Popa T, Reoma LB, Sack MN, Safavi F, Saligan LN, Sellers BA, Sinclair S, Smith B, Snow J, Solin S, Stussman BJ, Trinchieri G, Turner SA, Vetter CS, Vial F, Vizioli C, Williams A, Yang SB, Nath A. Deep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:907. [PMID: 38383456 PMCID: PMC10881493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined, the pathophysiology is unknown, and no disease-modifying treatments are available. We used rigorous criteria to recruit PI-ME/CFS participants with matched controls to conduct deep phenotyping. Among the many physical and cognitive complaints, one defining feature of PI-ME/CFS was an alteration of effort preference, rather than physical or central fatigue, due to dysfunction of integrative brain regions potentially associated with central catechol pathway dysregulation, with consequences on autonomic functioning and physical conditioning. Immune profiling suggested chronic antigenic stimulation with increase in naïve and decrease in switched memory B-cells. Alterations in gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and metabolic pathways were consistent with cellular phenotypic studies and demonstrated differences according to sex. Together these clinical abnormalities and biomarker differences provide unique insight into the underlying pathophysiology of PI-ME/CFS, which may guide future intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Walitt
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R LaMunion
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestion, and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steve Jacobson
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kong Chen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestion, and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Richard Apps
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Patrick Bedard
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestion, and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brice Calco
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brianna Cathay
- Texas A&M School of Engineering Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Snigdha Chigurupati
- George Washington University Hospital, District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Amber B Courville
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestion, and Kidney Disease (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott A Gabel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angelique Gavin
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sean C Horan
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvina G Horovitz
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anita Jones Govan
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine M Knutson
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joy D Kreskow
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Levin
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lyons
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Madian
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Patrick M McGurrin
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute of Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Braceras
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina Norato
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Pak
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Traian Popa
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren B Reoma
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farinaz Safavi
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leorey N Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian A Sellers
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Bryan Smith
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Snow
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Barbara J Stussman
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Vial
- Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Williams
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaleta M, Hényková E, Menšíková K, Friedecký D, Kvasnička A, Klíčová K, Koníčková D, Strnad M, Kaňovský P, Novák O. Patients with Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Exhibit Altered Tryptophan Metabolism in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:582-592. [PMID: 38194490 PMCID: PMC10853934 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Some pathological conditions affecting the human body can also disrupt metabolic pathways and thus alter the overall metabolic profile. Knowledge of metabolic disturbances in specific diseases could thus enable the differential diagnosis of otherwise similar conditions. This work therefore aimed to comprehensively characterize changes in tryptophan metabolism in selected neurodegenerative diseases. Levels of 18 tryptophan-related neuroactive substances were determined by high throughput and sensitive ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in time-linked blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 100 age-matched participants belonging to five cohorts: healthy volunteers (n = 21) and patients with Lewy body disease (Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies; n = 31), four-repeat tauopathy (progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome; n = 10), multiple system atrophy (n = 13), and Alzheimer's disease (n = 25). Although these conditions have different pathologies and clinical symptoms, the discovery of new biomarkers is still important. The most statistically significant differences (with p-values of ≤0.05 to ≤0.0001) between the study cohorts were observed for three tryptophan metabolites: l-kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid and 3-hydroxy-l-kynurenine and 5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan in blood serum. This led to the discovery of distinctive correlation patterns between the profiled cerebrospinal fluid and serum metabolites that could provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative tauopathies and synucleinopathies. However, further large-scale studies are needed to determine the direct involvement of these metabolites in the studied neuropathologies, their response to medication, and their potential therapeutic relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kaleta
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hényková
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Menšíková
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory
for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Zdravotníků 248/7, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Klíčová
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota Koníčková
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kaňovský
- Department
of Neurology, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department
of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory
of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental
Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva RH, Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DG, Becegato M, Ribeiro AM, Santos JR. Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38391730 PMCID: PMC10887213 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease's etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - M Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana 49500-000, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chopra A, Outeiro TF. Aggregation and beyond: alpha-synuclein-based biomarkers in synucleinopathies. Brain 2024; 147:81-90. [PMID: 37526295 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is clinically known for the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions rich in alpha-synuclein called 'Lewy bodies' and 'Lewy neurites'. Together with dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease is part of a group of disorders called synucleinopathies. Currently, diagnosis of synucleinopathies is based on the clinical assessment which often takes place in advanced disease stages. While the causal role of alpha-synuclein aggregates in these disorders is still debatable, measuring the levels, types or seeding properties of different alpha-synuclein species hold great promise as biomarkers. Recent studies indicate significant differences in peptide, protein and RNA levels in blood samples from patients with Parkinson's disease. Seed amplification assays using CSF, blood, skin biopsy, olfactory swab samples show great promise for detecting synucleinopathies and even for discriminating between different synucleinopathies. Interestingly, small extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, display differences in their cargoes in Parkinson's disease patients versus controls. In this update, we focus on alpha-synuclein aggregation and possible sources of disease-related species released in extracellular vesicles, which promise to revolutionize the diagnosis and the monitoring of disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avika Chopra
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vallianatou T, Nilsson A, Bjärterot P, Shariatgorji R, Slijkhuis N, Aerts JT, Jansson ET, Svenningsson P, Andrén PE. Rapid Metabolic Profiling of 1 μL Crude Cerebrospinal Fluid by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging Can Differentiate De Novo Parkinson's Disease. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18352-18360. [PMID: 38059473 PMCID: PMC10733901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor system. However, the correct diagnosis of PD and atypical parkinsonism may be difficult with high clinical uncertainty. There is an urgent need to identify reliable biomarkers using high-throughput, molecular-specific methods to improve current diagnostics. Here, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging method that requires minimal sample preparation and only 1 μL of crude cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method enables analysis of hundreds of samples in a single experiment while simultaneously detecting numerous metabolites with subppm mass accuracy. To test the method, we analyzed CSF samples from 12 de novo PD patients (that is, newly diagnosed and previously untreated) and 12 age-matched controls. Within the identified molecules, we found neurotransmitters and their metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-methoxytyramine, homovanillic acid, serotonin, histamine, amino acids, and metabolic intermediates. Limits of detection were estimated for multiple neurotransmitters with high linearity (R2 > 0.99) and sensitivity (as low as 16 pg/μL). Application of multivariate classification led to a highly significant (P < 0.001) model of PD prediction with a 100% classification rate, which was further thoroughly validated with a permutation test and univariate analysis. Molecules related to the neuromelanin pathway were found to be significantly increased in the PD group, indicated by their elevated relative intensities compared to the control group. Our method enables rapid detection of PD-related biomarkers in low sample volumes and could serve as a valuable tool in the development of robust PD diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Vallianatou
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Patrik Bjärterot
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Reza Shariatgorji
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Nuria Slijkhuis
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Jordan T. Aerts
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Erik T. Jansson
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-17177, Sweden
| | - Per E. Andrén
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science
for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75124, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lenka A, Isonaka R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Cardiac 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography predicts the type of phenoconversion of pure autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 2023; 33:737-747. [PMID: 37843677 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-00987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare disease characterized by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), no known secondary cause, and lack of a neurodegenerative movement or cognitive disorder. Clinically diagnosed PAF can evolve ("phenoconvert") to a central Lewy body disease [LBD, e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)] or to the non-LBD synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy (MSA). Since cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity usually is low in LBDs and usually is normal in MSA, we hypothesized that patients with PAF with low cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity would be more likely to phenoconvert to a central LBD than to MSA. METHODS We reviewed data from all the patients seen at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center from 1994 to 2023 with a clinical diagnosis of PAF and data about 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS Nineteen patients (15 with low 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity, 4 with normal radioactivity) met the above criteria and had follow-up data. Nine (47%) phenoconverted to a central synucleinopathy over a mean of 6.6 years (range 1.5-18.8 years). All 6 patients with low cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity who phenoconverted during follow-up developed a central LBD, whereas none of 4 patients with consistently normal 18F-dopamine PET phenoconverted to a central LBD (p = 0.0048), 3 evolving to probable MSA and 1 upon autopsy having neither a LBD nor MSA. CONCLUSION Cardiac 18F-dopamine PET can predict the type of phenoconversion of PAF. This capability could refine eligibility criteria for entry into disease-modification trials aimed at preventing evolution of PAF to symptomatic central LBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Lenka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos-Rebouças CB, Cordovil Cotrin J, Dos Santos Junior GC. Exploring the interplay between metabolomics and genetics in Parkinson's disease: Insights from ongoing research and future avenues. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 216:111875. [PMID: 37748695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, whose complex aetiology remains under construction. While rare variants have been associated with the monogenic PD form, most PD cases are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental aspects. Nonetheless, the pathophysiological pathways and molecular networks involved in monogenic/idiopathic PD overlap, and genetic variants are decisive in elucidating the convergent underlying mechanisms of PD. In this scenario, metabolomics has furnished a dynamic and systematic picture of the synergy between the genetic background and environmental influences that impact PD, making it a valuable tool for investigating PD-related metabolic dysfunctions. In this review, we performed a brief overview of metabolomics current research in PD, focusing on significant metabolic alterations observed in idiopathic PD from different biofluids and strata and exploring how they relate to genetic factors associated with monogenic PD. Dysregulated amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress are the critical metabolic pathways implicated in both genetic and idiopathic PD. By merging metabolomics and genetics data, it is possible to distinguish metabolic signatures of specific genetic backgrounds and to pinpoint subgroups of PD patients who could derive personalized therapeutic benefits. This approach holds great promise for advancing PD research and developing innovative, cost-effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Barros Santos-Rebouças
- Human Genetics Service, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cordovil Cotrin
- Human Genetics Service, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson Costa Dos Santos Junior
- LabMet, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lenka A, Isonaka R, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Cardiac 18F-Dopamine Positron Emission Tomography Predicts the Type of Phenoconversion of Pure Autonomic Failure. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3157807. [PMID: 37503103 PMCID: PMC10371148 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3157807/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a rare disease characterized clinically by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and biochemically by peripheral noradrenergic deficiency. Clinically diagnosed PAF can evolve ("phenoconvert") to a central Lewy body disease (LBD, e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)) or to the non-LBD synucleinopathy multiple system atrophy (MSA). We examined whether cardiac 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography (PET) predicts the trajectory of phenoconversion in PAF. Since cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity always is decreased in LBDs with nOH and usually is normal in MSA, we hypothesized that PAF patients with low cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity may phenoconvert to a central LBD but do not phenoconvert to MSA. Methods We reviewed data from all the patients seen at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center from 1994 to 2023 with a clinical diagnosis of PAF and data about serial 18F-dopamine PET. Results Twenty patients met the above criteria. Of 15 with low cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity, 6 (40%) phenoconverted to PD or DLB and none to MSA. Of 5 patients with consistently normal 18F-dopamine PET, 4 phenoconverted to MSA, and the other at autopsy had neither a central LBD nor MSA. Conclusion In this case series, 40% of patients with nOH and low cardiac 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity phenoconverted to PD or DLB during follow-up; none phenoconverted to MSA. Cardiac 18F-DA PET therefore can predict the type of phenoconversion in PAF. This capability could refine eligibility criteria for entry into disease-modification trials aiming to prevent evolution of PAF to symptomatic central LBDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Risa Isonaka
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program
| | - Courtney Holmes
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program
| | - David S Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Della Pelle F, Bukhari QUA, Alvarez Diduk R, Scroccarello A, Compagnone D, Merkoçi A. Freestanding laser-induced two dimensional heterostructures for self-contained paper-based sensors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7164-7175. [PMID: 37009987 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The production of 2D/2D heterostructures (HTs) with favorable electrochemical features is challenging, particularly for semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this studies, we introduce a CO2 laser plotter-based technology for the realization of HT films comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 2D-TMDs (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2) produced via water phase exfoliation. The strategy relies on the Laser-Induced production of HeterosTructures (LIHTs), where after irradiation the nanomaterials exhibit changes in the morphological and chemical structure, becoming conductive easily transferable nanostructured films. The LIHTs were characterized in detail by SEM, XPS, Raman and electrochemical analysis. The laser treatment induces the conversion of GO into conductive highly exfoliated rGO decorated with homogeneously distributed small TMD/TM-oxide nanoflakes. The freestanding LIHT films obtained were employed to build self-contained sensors onto nitrocellulose, where the HT works both as a transducer and sensing surface. The proposed nitrocellulose-sensor manufacturing process is semi-automated and reproducible, multiple HT films may be produced in the same laser treatment and the stencil-printing allows customizable design. Excellent performance in the electroanalytical detection of different molecules such as dopamine (a neurotransmitter), catechin (a flavonol), and hydrogen peroxide was demonstrated, obtaining nanomolar limits of detection and satisfactory recovery rates in biological and agrifood samples, together with high fouling resistance. Considering the robust and rapid laser-induced production of HTs and the versatility of scribing desired patterns, the proposed approach appears as a disruptive technology for the development of electrochemical devices through sustainable and accessible strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Della Pelle
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti", Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Qurat Ul Ain Bukhari
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti", Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ruslán Alvarez Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Annalisa Scroccarello
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti", Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti", Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanz-Novo M, Kolesniková L, Insausti A, Alonso JL, León I, Alonso ER. A journey across dopamine Metabolism: A rotational study of DOPAC. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 290:122303. [PMID: 36608514 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
DOPAC, a relevant scaffold in dopamine metabolism, was probed in the gas phase and interrogated by high-resolution rotational spectroscopy. Herein, three distinct conformers were isolated in a supersonic jet and identified for the first time through an examination of the trend of the rotational constants and the dipole moment selection rules. Additionally, we examined the plausible relaxation pathways of the low-energy conformers of DOPAC, which helped us to claim the indirect detection of two additional conformers, providing conclusive experimental evidence of the flexible nature of this biomolecule. The current investigation sheds some light on the differences between jet-cooled rotational experiments and matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sanz-Novo
- Grupo de Espectrocopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parque Científico UVa, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Lucie Kolesniková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aran Insausti
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/ EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José L Alonso
- Grupo de Espectrocopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parque Científico UVa, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iker León
- Grupo de Espectrocopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parque Científico UVa, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elena R Alonso
- Grupo de Espectrocopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parque Científico UVa, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang D, Qian M, Yang X, Zhang C, Qi H, Qi H. Label-Free Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Aptasensing Method for Highly Sensitive Determination of Dopamine via Target-Induced DNA Conformational Change. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5500-5506. [PMID: 36967489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A label-free electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensing method for highly sensitive determination of dopamine (DA) was developed based on target-induced DNA conformational change. After anti-DA specific aptamer, as molecular recognition element, was hybridized with a capture ss-DNA (complementary with the aptamer), the formed double-strand DNA (ds-DNA) was self-assembled onto the surface of a gold electrode, and then Ru(phen)32+, as ECL reagent, was intercalated into ds-DNA to form an ECL biosensing platform. In the presence of DA, DA bound with its aptamer and target-induced DNA conformational change occurred, resulting in the dissociation of ds-DNA, the release of intercalated Ru(phen)32+ from the electrode surface, and the decrease of ECL intensity. For comparison, an ECL aptamer-based biosensing method using an ECL reagent-labeled aptamer was also developed for DA assay based on target-induced DNA conformational change. Because of the increase in the amount of ECL reagent into ds-DNA over that of the single-site ECL reagent-labeled aptamer, an obvious increase of ECL intensity was found at the ds-DNA modified electrode over the aptamer modified electrode. DA can be sensitively detected with a lower detection limit of 0.05 nM in the range from 0.1 to 100 nM. With the recognition of the aptamer for DA, DA can be selectively and sensitively detected in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples without interference from common small molecules. This work demonstrates that the combination of the direct transduction of specific recognition of DA and its aptamer into an ECL signal with Ru(phen)32+ intercalated ds-DNA amplification provides a promising strategy for the development of a simple, sensitive, and selective method for DA assay, which is of great importance in neurochemical assays and clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Badillo-Ramírez I, Landeros-Rivera B, Saniger JM, Popp J, Cialla-May D. SERS-based detection of 5- S-cysteinyl-dopamine as a novel biomarker of Parkinson's disease in artificial biofluids. Analyst 2023; 148:1848-1857. [PMID: 36939184 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The early detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) can significantly improve treatment and quality of life in patients. 5-S-Cysteinyl-dopamine (CDA) is a key metabolite of high relevance for the early detection of PD. Therefore, its sensitive detection with fast and robust methods can improve its use as a biomarker. In this work we show the potentialities of label-free SERS spectroscopy in detecting CDA in aqueous solutions and artificial biofluids, with a simple, fast and sensitive approach. We present a detailed experimental SERS band assignment of CDA employing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) substrates in aqueous media, which was supported by theoretical calculations and simulated Raman and SERS spectra. The tentative orientation of CDA over the AgNP was also studied, indicating that catechol and carboxylic acid play a key role in the metallic surface adsorption. Moreover, we showed that SERS can allow us to identify CDA in aqueous media at low concentration, leading to the identification of some of its characteristic bands in pure water and in synthetic cerebrospinal fluid (SCSF) below 1 × 10-8 M, while its band identification in simulated urine (SUR) can be reached at 1 × 10-7 M. In conclusion, we show that CDA can be suitably detected by means of label-free SERS spectroscopy, which can significantly improve its sensitive detection for further analytical studies as a novel biomarker and further clinical diagnosis in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Bruno Landeros-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José M Saniger
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Member of the Leibniz Research Alliance - Leibniz Health Technologies, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abrantes M, Rodrigues D, Domingues T, Nemala SS, Monteiro P, Borme J, Alpuim P, Jacinto L. Ultrasensitive dopamine detection with graphene aptasensor multitransistor arrays. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:495. [DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDetecting physiological levels of neurotransmitters in biological samples can advance our understanding of brain disorders and lead to improved diagnostics and therapeutics. However, neurotransmitter sensors for real-world applications must reliably detect low concentrations of target analytes from small volume working samples. Herein, a platform for robust and ultrasensitive detection of dopamine, an essential neurotransmitter that underlies several brain disorders, based on graphene multitransistor arrays (gMTAs) functionalized with a selective DNA aptamer is presented. High-yield scalable methodologies optimized at the wafer level were employed to integrate multiple graphene transistors on small-size chips (4.5 × 4.5 mm). The multiple sensor array configuration permits independent and simultaneous replicate measurements of the same sample that produce robust average data, reducing sources of measurement variability. This procedure allowed sensitive and reproducible dopamine detection in ultra-low concentrations from small volume samples across physiological buffers and high ionic strength complex biological samples. The obtained limit-of-detection was 1 aM (10–18) with dynamic detection ranges spanning 10 orders of magnitude up to 100 µM (10–8), and a 22 mV/decade peak sensitivity in artificial cerebral spinal fluid. Dopamine detection in dopamine-depleted brain homogenates spiked with dopamine was also possible with a LOD of 1 aM, overcoming sensitivity losses typically observed in ion-sensitive sensors in complex biological samples. Furthermore, we show that our gMTAs platform can detect minimal changes in dopamine concentrations in small working volume samples (2 µL) of cerebral spinal fluid samples obtained from a mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease. The platform presented in this work can lead the way to graphene-based neurotransmitter sensors suitable for real-world academic and pre-clinical pharmaceutical research as well as clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Luo HM, Xu J, Huang DX, Chen YQ, Liu YZ, Li YJ, Chen H. Mitochondrial dysfunction of induced pluripotent stem cells-based neurodegenerative disease modeling and therapeutic strategy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1030390. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders in which neurons are lost owing to various factors, resulting in a series of dysfunctions. Their rising prevalence and irreversibility have brought physical pain to patients and economic pressure to both individuals and society. However, the pathogenesis of NDDs has not yet been fully elucidated, hampering the use of precise medication. Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) modeling provides a new method for drug discovery, and exploring the early pathological mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, which is not only an early but a prominent pathological feature of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the iPSC modeling approach of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as outline typical mitochondrial dysfunction and recapitulate corresponding therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li R, Zhang D, Li X, Qi H. Sensitive and selective electrogenerated chemiluminescence aptasensing method for the determination of dopamine based on target-induced conformational displacement. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
17
|
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by investigating the inhibitory effect of serum components on P450 inhibition assay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6622. [PMID: 35459262 PMCID: PMC9033851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and diagnostic methods and biomarkers for patients without subjective motor symptoms have not yet been established. Previously, we developed a cytochrome P450 inhibition assay that detects alterations in metabolite levels associated with P450s caused by inflammation and exposure to endogenous or exogenous substances. However, it is unknown whether the P450 inhibition assay can be applied in PD diagnosis. Here, we determined whether the P450 inhibition assay can discriminate sera between patients with PD and healthy individuals. The results of the assay revealed that the P450 inhibition assay can discriminate PD with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of 0.814-0.914 in rats and an AUC value of 0.910 in humans. These findings demonstrate that the P450 inhibition assay can aid in the future development of liquid biopsy-based diagnostic methods for PD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kwon DH, Hwang JS, Kim SG, Jang YE, Shin TH, Lee G. Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031879. [PMID: 35163800 PMCID: PMC8836409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) belong to the neurodegenerative group of synucleinopathies; differential diagnosis between PD and MSA is difficult, especially at early stages, owing to their clinical and biological similarities. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify metabolic biomarkers for these diseases. The metabolic profile of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is reported to be altered in PD and MSA; however, the altered metabolites remain unclear. We created a single network with altered metabolites in PD and MSA based on the literature and assessed biological functions, including metabolic disorders of the nervous system, inflammation, concentration of ATP, and neurological disorder, through bioinformatics methods. Our in-silico prediction-based metabolic networks are consistent with Parkinsonism events. Although metabolomics approaches provide a more quantitative understanding of biochemical events underlying the symptoms of PD and MSA, limitations persist in covering molecules related to neurodegenerative disease pathways. Thus, omics data, such as proteomics and microRNA, help understand the altered metabolomes mechanism. In particular, integrated omics and machine learning approaches will be helpful to elucidate the pathological mechanisms of PD and MSA. This review discusses the altered metabolites between PD and MSA in the CSF and omics approaches to discover diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyeon Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.H.K.); (J.S.H.); (S.G.K.); (Y.E.J.)
| | - Ji Su Hwang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.H.K.); (J.S.H.); (S.G.K.); (Y.E.J.)
| | - Seok Gi Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.H.K.); (J.S.H.); (S.G.K.); (Y.E.J.)
| | - Yong Eun Jang
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.H.K.); (J.S.H.); (S.G.K.); (Y.E.J.)
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.H.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (D.H.K.); (J.S.H.); (S.G.K.); (Y.E.J.)
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.H.S.); (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jaskiw GE, Xu D, Obrenovich ME, Donskey CJ. Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:8. [PMID: 34989922 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small molecules generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself. OBJECTIVE Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small molecules that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for metabolomic studies of the primate CNS [brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and then selected for phenolic or indolic metabolites that (i) had been quantified, (ii) were GMB-dependent. For each chemical we then conducted a search for studies of bioactivity conducted in vitro in human cells of any kind or in CNS cells from the mouse or rat. RESULTS 36 metabolites of interests were identified in primate CNS through targeted metabolomics. Quantification was available for 31/36 and in vitro bioactivity for 23/36. The reported CNS range for 8 metabolites 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid [caffeic acid], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid [N-acetyltryptophan], 1H-indol-3-yl hydrogen sulfate [indoxyl-3-sulfate] overlapped with a bioactive concentration. However, the number and quality of relevant studies of CNS neurochemistry as well as of bioactivity were highly limited. Structural isomers, multiple metabolites and potential confounders were inadequately considered. CONCLUSION The potential direct bioactivity of GMB-derived indolic and phenolic molecules on primate CNS remains largely unknown. The field requires additional strategies to identify and prioritize screening of the most promising small molecules that enter the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George E Jaskiw
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Obrenovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bougea A, Stefanis L, Chrousos G. Stress system and related biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 111:177-215. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
21
|
Ren Y, Jiang H, Pu J, Li L, Wu J, Yan Y, Zhao G, Guttuso TJ, Zhang B, Feng J. Molecular Features of Parkinson's Disease in Patient-Derived Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons. Mov Disord 2022; 37:70-79. [PMID: 34564901 PMCID: PMC8901260 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite intense efforts to develop an objective diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease, there is still no consensus on biomarkers that can accurately diagnose the disease. OBJECTIVE Identification of biomarkers for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may enable accurate diagnosis of the disease. We tried to find molecular and cellular differences in dopaminergic (DA) neurons derived from healthy subjects and idiopathic PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset. METHODS We measured the expression of genes controlling dopamine synthesis, sequestration, and catabolism as well as the levels of corresponding metabolites and reactive oxygen species in midbrain DA neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of healthy subjects and PD patients with or without rest tremor. RESULTS Significant differences in DA-related gene expression, metabolites, and oxidative stress were found between midbrain DA neurons derived from healthy subjects and patients with PD. DA neurons derived from PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset exhibited significant differences in the levels of some of these transcripts, metabolites, and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The unique combination of these quantifiable molecular and cellular traits in iPSC-derived midbrain DA neurons can distinguish healthy subjects from idiopathic PD patients and segregate PD patients with or without rest tremor at onset. The strategy may be used to develop an objective diagnostic test for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Houbo Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas J. Guttuso
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Correspondence to: Prof. Jian Feng, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA, ; or Prof. Baorong Zhang, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China;
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA,Correspondence to: Prof. Jian Feng, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA, ; or Prof. Baorong Zhang, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Plasma Metabolite Markers of Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120860. [PMID: 34940618 PMCID: PMC8706715 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the atypical Parkinsonian disorders of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult clinically due to overlapping symptomatology, especially at early disease stages. Consequently, there is a need to identify metabolic markers for these diseases and to develop them into viable biomarkers. In the present investigation, solution nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry metabolomics were used to quantitatively characterize the plasma metabolomes (a total of 167 metabolites) of a cohort of 94 individuals comprising 34 PD, 12 MSA, and 17 PSP patients, as well as 31 control subjects. The distinct and statistically significant differences observed in the metabolite concentrations of the different disease and control groups enabled the identification of potential plasma metabolite markers of each disorder and enabled the differentiation between the disorders. These group-specific differences further implicate disturbances in specific metabolic pathways. The two metabolites, formic acid and succinate, were altered similarly in all three disease groups when compared to the control group, where a reduced level of formic acid suggested an effect on pyruvate metabolism, methane metabolism, and/or the kynurenine pathway, and an increased succinate level suggested an effect on the citric acid cycle and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Liguori C, Stefani A, Fernandes M, Cerroni R, Mercuri NB, Pierantozzi M. Biomarkers of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Cerebrospinal Fluid-Based Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 12:537-544. [PMID: 34864690 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several biomarkers have been evaluated in Parkinson's disease (PD); cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of lactate may reflect cerebral metabolism function and CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) concentrations may detect an underlying neurodegenerative process. OBJECTIVE CSF levels of lactate, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were measured in patients with mild to moderate PD. CSF levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were also assessed, exploring their relations with the other CSF biomarkers. METHODS 101 drug-naive PD patients and 60 controls were included. Participants underwent clinical assessments and CSF biomarker analysis. Patients were divided into subgroups according to their Hoehn & Yahr stage (PD-1, PD-2, PD-3). RESULTS PD patients showed higher lactate levels (M = 1.91; p = 0.03) and lower Aβ42 (M = 595; p < 0.001) and DA levels (M = 0.32; p = 0.04) than controls (Mlactate = 1.72; MAβ42 = 837; MDA = 0.50), while no significant differences were found in t-tau, p-tau and DOPAC concentrations. Considering the subgroup analysis, PD-3 group had higher lactate (M = 2.12) and t-tau levels (M = 333) than both PD-1 (Mlactate = 1.75, p = 0.006; Mt - tau = 176, p = 0.008) and PD-2 groups (Mlactate = 1.91, p = 0.01; Mt - tau = 176, p = 0.03), as well as the controls (Mlactate = 1.72, p = 0.04; Mt - tau = 205, p = 0.04). PD-2 group showed higher lactate levels than PD-1 group (p = 0.04) and controls (p = 0.03). Finally, CSF lactate levels negatively correlated with DA (r = -0.42) and positively with t-tau CSF levels (r = 0.33). CONCLUSION This CSF-based study shows that lactate levels in PD correlated with both clinical disease progression and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as tau proteins and DA. Further studies should explore the clinical potential of measuring CSF biomarkers for better understanding the role of brain energy metabolism in PD, for research and therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Liguori
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,UOSD Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,UOSD Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,UOSD Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Pierantozzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.,UOSD Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kujawska M, Bhardwaj SK, Mishra YK, Kaushik A. Using Graphene-Based Biosensors to Detect Dopamine for Efficient Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:433. [PMID: 34821649 PMCID: PMC8615362 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) depletes due to the progressive loss of nigrostriatal neurons. Therefore, DA measurement might be a useful diagnostic tool for targeting the early stages of PD, as well as helping to optimize DA replacement therapy. Moreover, DA sensing appears to be a useful analytical tool in complex biological systems in PD studies. To support the feasibility of this concept, this mini-review explores the currently developed graphene-based biosensors dedicated to DA detection. We discuss various graphene modifications designed for high-performance DA sensing electrodes alongside their analytical performances and interference studies, which we listed based on their limit of detection in biological samples. Moreover, graphene-based biosensors for optical DA detection are also presented herein. Regarding clinical relevance, we explored the development trends of graphene-based electrochemical sensing of DA as they relate to point-of-care testing suitable for the site-of-location diagnostics needed for personalized PD management. In this field, the biosensors are developed into smartphone-connected systems for intelligent disease management. However, we highlighted that the focus should be on the clinical utility rather than analytical and technical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sheetal K. Bhardwaj
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Scientific Instruments B.V., Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark;
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nam W, Kim W, Zhou W, You EA. A digital SERS sensing platform using 3D nanolaminate plasmonic crystals coupled with Au nanoparticles for accurate quantitative detection of dopamine. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17340-17349. [PMID: 34585195 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a digital surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing platform using the arrays of 3D nanolaminate plasmonic crystals (NLPC) coupled with Au nanoparticles and digital (on/off) SERS signal analysis for the accurate quantitative detection of dopamine (DA) at ultralow concentrations. 3D NLPC SERS substrates were fabricated to support the optically dense arrays of vertically-stacked multi-nanogap hotspots and combined with Raman tag-conjugated Au nanoparticles for NLPC-based dual-recognition structures. We demonstrate that the 3D NLPC-based dual-recognition structures including Au nanoparticle-induced additional hotspots can enable more effective SERS enhancement through the molecular recognition of DA. For the accurate quantification of DA at ultralow concentrations, we conducted digital SERS analysis to reduce stochastic signal variation due to various microscopic effects, including molecular orientation/position variation and the spatial distribution of nanoparticle-coupled hotspots. The digital SERS analysis allowed the SERS mapping results from the DA-specific dual-recognition structures to be converted into binary "On/Off" states; the number of "On" events was directly correlated with low-abundance DA molecules down to 1 pM. Therefore, the digital SERS platform using the 3D NLPC-based dual-recognition structures coupled with Au nanoparticles and digital SERS signal analysis can be used not only for the ultrasensitive, accurate, and quantitative determination of DA, but also for the practical and rapid analysis of various molecules on nanostructured surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Nam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Wansun Kim
- Nanobiosensor Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
| | - Eun-Ah You
- Nanobiosensor Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boobphahom S, Siripongpreda T, Zhang D, Qin J, Rattanawaleedirojn P, Rodthongkum N. TiO 2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel-based electrochemical sensor for neurological disorder screening via urinary norepinephrine detection. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:387. [PMID: 34668069 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogel based on titanium dioxide/MXene with polyvinyl alcohol/graphene oxide (TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO) composite was successfully formulated and applied to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for urinary norepinephrine (NE) detection. The characterization confirmed that a nanocomposite hydrogel structure of TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO was formed. The as-prepared hydrogel substantially enhanced the sensor performances due to electrocatalytic activity of TiO2, high conductivity of MXene, and auto-sample preconcentration via PVA/GO hydrogel. The electrochemical behavior of NE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Under optimized conditions, the TiO2/MXene-PVA/GO hydrogel/SPCE response due to the oxidation of NE at +0.4 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) is proportional to the concentration of NE over 0.01 to 1.00 μM (R2 = 0.9968) and 1.00 to 60.0 μM (R2 = 0.9936) ranges with a detection limit (3σ) of 6 nM without interferent effect from common interferences in urine. Furthermore, this sensor was employed for urinary NE determination and validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector at 280 nm; the average recovery was found to be 97.6 to 102%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4.9%. This device was sensitive enough to evaluate an early stage of neurological disorder via detecting clinically relevant NE level. Eventually, it was integrated with pantyliners which could be a potential wearable sensor in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siraprapa Boobphahom
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Siripongpreda
- Nanoscience and Technology Interdisciplinary Program, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - DongDong Zhang
- Nanoscience and Technology Interdisciplinary Program, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jiaqian Qin
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pranee Rattanawaleedirojn
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nadnudda Rodthongkum
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Holland N, Robbins TW, Rowe JB. The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2243-2256. [PMID: 33725122 PMCID: PMC8418349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of cognition and behaviour are regulated by noradrenergic projections to the forebrain originating from the locus coeruleus, acting through alpha and beta adrenoreceptors. Loss of these projections is common in neurodegenerative diseases and contributes to their cognitive and behavioural deficits. We review the evidence for a noradrenergic modulation of cognition in its contribution to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other cognitive disorders. We discuss the advances in human imaging and computational methods that quantify the locus coeruleus and its function in humans, and highlight the potential for new noradrenergic treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Holland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ciobanu AM, Ionita I, Buleandra M, David IG, Popa DE, Ciucu AA, Budisteanu M. Current advances in metabolomic studies on non-motor psychiatric manifestations of Parkinson's disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1010. [PMID: 34345292 PMCID: PMC8311266 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased worldwide and, along with it, a greater prevalence of age-dependent disorders, chronic illnesses and comorbidities can be observed. In 2019, in both Europe and the Americas, dementias ranked 3rd among the top 10 causes of death. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent type of neurodegenerative disease. In the last decades, globally, the number of people suffering from PD has more than doubled to over 6 million. Of all the neurological disorders, PD increased with the fastest rate. This troubling trend highlights the stringent need for accurate diagnostic biomarkers, especially in the early stages of the disease and to evaluate treatment response. To gain a broad and complex understanding of the recent advances in the '-omics' research fields, electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Academic, and Science Direct were searched for publications regarding metabolomic studies on PD to identify specific biomarkers for PD, and especially PD with associated psychiatric symptomatology. Discoveries in the fields of metagenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, may lead to an improved comprehension of the metabolic pathways involved in disease etiology and progression and contribute to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for effective treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adela Magdalena Ciobanu
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Psychiatry, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department of Psychiatry, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Buleandra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Gabriela David
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dana Elena Popa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Alexandru Ciucu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scheffer DDL, Freitas FC, Aguiar AS, Ward C, Guglielmo LGA, Prediger RD, Cronin SJF, Walz R, Andrews NA, Latini A. Impaired dopamine metabolism is linked to fatigability in mice and fatigue in Parkinson's disease patients. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab116. [PMID: 34423297 PMCID: PMC8374980 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common symptom of Parkinson’s disease that compromises significantly the patients’ quality of life. Despite that, fatigue has been under-recognized as symptom, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, and there is no adequate treatment so far. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, eliciting the classical motor symptoms including slowing of movements, muscular rigidity and resting tremor. The dopamine synthesis is mediated by the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which requires tetrahydrobiopterin as a mandatory cofactor. Here, we showed that reserpine administration (1 mg/kg, two intraperitoneal injections with an interval of 48 h) in adult Swiss male mice (8–10 weeks; 35–45 g) provoked striatal depletion of dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin, and intolerance to exercise. The poor exercise performance of reserpinized mice was not influenced by emotional or anhedonic factors, mechanical nociceptive thresholds, electrocardiogram pattern alterations or muscle-impaired bioenergetics. The administration of levodopa (100 mg/kg; i.p.) plus benserazide (50 mg/kg; i.p.) rescued reserpine-induced fatigability-like symptoms and restored striatal dopamine and tetrahydrobiopterin levels. Remarkably, it was observed, for the first time, that impaired blood dopamine metabolism inversely and idependently correlated with fatigue scores in eighteen idiopathic Parkinson’s disease patients (male n = 13; female n = 5; age 61.3 ± 9.59 years). Altogether, this study provides new experimental and clinical evidence that fatigue symptoms might be caused by the impaired striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission, pointing to a central origin of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cini Freitas
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.,Neurology Division, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Florianópolis, SC 88015-270, Brazil
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Catherine Ward
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Shane J F Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roger Walz
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.,Center for Applied Neuroscience, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.,Neurology Division, Departament of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Nick A Andrews
- Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Salk in Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandra Latini
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.,Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Efficient Sub-1 Minute Analysis of Selected Biomarker Catecholamines by Core-Shell Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) with Nanomolar Detection at a Boron-Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrode. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8080124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive method for the separation of catecholamine biomarkers (CAs), of importance in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and in Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been successfully developed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EPI), and norepinephrine (NE) are known to be three to fivefold elevated above normal in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. HILIC facilitates the rapid and efficient separation of these polar biomarkers, which can be poorly retained by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), while electrochemical detection (ECD) at the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode provides enhanced nanomolar detection. Three HILIC columns were compared, namely the superficially porous (core-shell) Z-HILIC column and the Z-cHILIC and Z-HILIC fully porous columns. The core-shell Z-HILIC showed the highest efficiency with a rapid separation within 60 s. The HILIC method utilizing the core-shell Z-HILIC column was initially optimized for the simultaneous analysis of DA, EPI, and NE using UV detection. The advantages of using the BDD electrode over UV detection were explored, and the improved limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) measured were 40, 50, and 50 nM for DA, EPI, and NE, respectively. Method validation is reported in terms of the linearity, repeatability, reproducibility, and LODs. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to the real sample analysis of urinary CAs following phenylboronic acid (PBA) solid phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment.
Collapse
|
31
|
Marsili L, Giannini G, Cortelli P, Colosimo C. Early recognition and diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: best practice and emerging concepts. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:993-1004. [PMID: 34253122 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1953984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central and autonomic nervous systems characterized by parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, dysautonomia, and pyramidal signs. The confirmatory diagnosis is pathological, but clinical-diagnostic criteria have been developed to help clinicians. To date, the early diagnosis of MSA is challenging due to the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers.Areas covered: The authors reappraised the main clinical, neurophysiological, imaging, genetic, and laboratory evidence to help in the early diagnosis of MSA in the clinical and in the research settings. They also addressed the practical clinical issues in the differential diagnosis between MSA and other parkinsonian and cerebellar syndromes. Finally, the authors summarized the unmet needs in the early diagnosis of MSA and proposed the next steps for future research efforts in this field.Expert opinion: In the last decade, many advances have been achieved to help the correct MSA diagnosis since early stages. In the next future, the early diagnosis and correct classification of MSA, together with a better knowledge of the causative mechanisms of the disease, will hopefully allow the identification of suitable candidates to enroll in clinical trials and select the most appropriate disease-modifying strategies to slow down disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giulia Giannini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica NeuroMet, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica NeuroMet, Ospedale Bellaria, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kremer T, Taylor KI, Siebourg‐Polster J, Gerken T, Staempfli A, Czech C, Dukart J, Galasko D, Foroud T, Chahine LM, Coffey CS, Simuni T, Weintraub D, Seibyl J, Poston KL, Toga AW, Tanner CM, Marek K, Hutten SJ, Dziadek S, Trenkwalder C, Pagano G, Mollenhauer B. Longitudinal Analysis of Multiple Neurotransmitter Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1972-1978. [PMID: 33942926 PMCID: PMC8453505 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of monoamine metabolites may represent biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was quantification of multiple metabolites in CSF from PD versus healthy control subjects (HCs), including longitudinal analysis. METHODS Absolute levels of multiple monoamine metabolites in CSF were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry from 161 individuals with early PD and 115 HCs from the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative and de novo PD (DeNoPA) studies. RESULTS Baseline levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were lower in individuals with PD compared with HCs. HVA levels correlated with Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total scores (P < 0.01). Both HVA/dopamine and DOPAC/dopamine levels correlated with caudate nucleus and raw DOPAC with putamen dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography uptake ratios (P < 0.01). No metabolite changed over 2 years in drug-naive individuals, but some changed on starting levodopa treatment. CONCLUSIONS HVA and DOPAC CSF levels mirrored nigrostriatal pathway damage, confirming the central role of dopaminergic degeneration in early PD. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kremer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten I. Taylor
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
- Faculty of PsychologyUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg‐Polster
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Andreas Staempfli
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | - Christian Czech
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
- Present address:
Current address for Dr. Czech: Pfizer Rare Disease UnitBerlinGermany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM‐7)Research Centre JülichJulichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lana M. Chahine
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Christopher S. Coffey
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public HealthUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John Seibyl
- Institute for Neurodegenerative DisordersNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Kathleen L. Poston
- Department of Neurology & Neurological SciencesSchool of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro ImagingUniversity of Southern California (USC) Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Caroline M. Tanner
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kenneth Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative DisordersNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Samantha J. Hutten
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's ResearchNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sebastian Dziadek
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Paracelsus‐Elena‐KlinikKasselGermany
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NRD Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center BaselF. Hoffmann–La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus‐Elena‐KlinikKasselGermany
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Lamotte G, Lenka A, Sharabi Y. Differential abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid dopaminergic versus noradrenergic indices in synucleinopathies. J Neurochem 2021; 158:554-568. [PMID: 33894018 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synucleinopathies Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and pure autonomic failure (PAF) are characterized by intra-cytoplasmic deposition of the protein alpha-synuclein and by catecholamine depletion. PAF, which manifests with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) and no motor signs of central neurodegeneration, can evolve into PD+nOH. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of catecholamine metabolites may indicate central catecholamine deficiency in these synucleinopathies, but the literature is inconsistent and incomplete. In this retrospective cohort study we reviewed data about CSF catecholamines, the dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and the norepinephrine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). The compounds were measured in 36 patients with PD, 37 patients with MSA, and 19 patients with PAF and in 38 controls. Compared to the control group, the PD, MSA, and PAF groups had decreased CSF MHPG (p < .0001 each by Dunnett's post hoc test), DHPG (p = .004; p < .0001; p < .0001) and norepinephrine (p = .017; p = .0003; p = .044). CSF HVA and DOPAC were decreased in PD (p < .0001 each) and MSA (p < .0001 each) but not in PAF. The three synucleinopathies therefore have in common in vivo evidence of central noradrenergic deficiency but differ in the extents of central dopaminergic deficiency-prominent in PD and MSA, less apparent in PAF. Data from putamen 18 F-DOPA and cardiac 18 F-dopamine neuroimaging in the same patients, post-mortem tissue catecholamines in largely separate cohorts, and review of the neuropathology literature fit with these distinctions. The results suggest a 'norepinephrine first' ascending pathogenetic sequence in synucleinopathies, with degeneration of pontine locus ceruleus noradrenergic neurons preceding the loss of midbrain substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Lamotte
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Lenka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brain neurochemical monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113351. [PMID: 34049083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Singer W, Schmeichel AM, Shahnawaz M, Schmelzer JD, Sletten DM, Gehrking TL, Gehrking JA, Olson AD, Suarez MD, Misra PP, Soto C, Low PA. Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers and Neurofilament Light Chain Predict Phenoconversion of Pure Autonomic Failure. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:1212-1220. [PMID: 33881777 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) oligomers and neurofilament light chain (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with pure autonomic failure (PAF) as markers of future phenoconversion to multiple system atrophy (MSA). METHODS Well-characterized patients with PAF (n = 32) were enrolled between June 2016 and February 2019 at Mayo Clinic Rochester and followed prospectively with annual visits to determine future phenoconversion to MSA, Parkinson's disease (PD), or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). ELISA was utilized to measure NfL and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to detect αSyn oligomers in CSF collected at baseline. RESULTS Patients were followed for a median of 3.9 years. Five patients converted to MSA, 2 to PD, and 2 to DLB. NfL at baseline was elevated only in patients who later developed MSA, perfectly separating those from future PD and DLB converters as well as non-converters. ASyn-PMCA was positive in all but two cases (94%). The PMCA reaction was markedly different in five samples with maximum fluorescence and reaction kinetics previously described in MSA patients; all of these patients later developed MSA. INTERPRETATION αSyn-PMCA is almost invariably positive in the CSF of patients with PAF establishing this condition as α-synucleinopathy. Both NfL and the magnitude and reaction kinetics of αSyn PMCA faithfully predict which PAF patients will eventually phenoconvert to MSA. This finding has important implications not only for prognostication, but also for future trials of disease modifying therapies, allowing for differentiation of MSA from Lewy body synucleinopathies before motor symptoms develop. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1212-1220.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Shahnawaz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li H, Uittenbogaard M, Hao L, Chiaramello A. Clinical Insights into Mitochondrial Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Their Biosignatures from Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 33920115 PMCID: PMC8070181 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic multitask organelles that function as hubs for many metabolic pathways. They produce most ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a critical pathway that the brain relies on its energy need associated with its numerous functions, such as synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a prevalent pathological hallmark of many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders resulting in altered neurometabolic coupling. With the advent of mass spectrometry (MS) technology, MS-based metabolomics provides an emerging mechanistic understanding of their global and dynamic metabolic signatures. In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic causes of mitochondrial metabolic disorders and the recent MS-based metabolomic advances on their metabolomic remodeling. We conclude by exploring the MS-based metabolomic functional insights into their biosignatures to improve diagnostic platforms, stratify patients, and design novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Renner H, Grabos M, Becker KJ, Kagermeier TE, Wu J, Otto M, Peischard S, Zeuschner D, TsyTsyura Y, Disse P, Klingauf J, Leidel SA, Seebohm G, Schöler HR, Bruder JM. A fully automated high-throughput workflow for 3D-based chemical screening in human midbrain organoids. eLife 2020; 9:52904. [PMID: 33138918 PMCID: PMC7609049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have fueled hopes to bring about the next generation of more physiologically relevant high-throughput screens (HTS). However, current protocols yield either complex but highly heterogeneous aggregates (‘organoids’) or 3D structures with less physiological relevance (‘spheroids’). Here, we present a scalable, HTS-compatible workflow for the automated generation, maintenance, and optical analysis of human midbrain organoids in standard 96-well-plates. The resulting organoids possess a highly homogeneous morphology, size, global gene expression, cellular composition, and structure. They present significant features of the human midbrain and display spontaneous aggregate-wide synchronized neural activity. By automating the entire workflow from generation to analysis, we enhance the intra- and inter-batch reproducibility as demonstrated via RNA sequencing and quantitative whole mount high-content imaging. This allows assessing drug effects at the single-cell level within a complex 3D cell environment in a fully automated HTS workflow. In 1907, the American zoologist Ross Granville Harrison developed the first technique to artificially grow animal cells outside the body in a liquid medium. Cells are still grown in much the same way in modern laboratories: a single layer of cells is placed in a warm incubator with nutrient-rich broth. These cell layers are often used to test new drugs, but they cannot recapitulate the complexity of a real organ made from multiple cell types within a living, breathing human body. Growing three-dimensional miniature organs or 'organoids' that behave in a similar way to real organs is the next step towards creating better platforms for drug screening, but there are several difficulties inherent to this process. For one thing, it is hard to recreate the multitude of cell types that make up an organ. For another, the cells that do grow often fail to connect and communicate with each other in biologically realistic ways. It is also tough to grow a large number of organoids that all behave in the same way, making it hard to know whether a particular drug works or whether it is just being tested on a 'good' organoid. Renner et al. have been able to overcome these issues by using robotic technology to create thousands of identical, mid-brain organoids from human cells in the lab. The robots perform a series of precisely controlled tasks – including dispensing the initial cells into wells, feeding organoids as they grow and testing them at different stages of development. These mini-brains, which are the size of the head of a pin, mimic the part of the brain where Parkinson's disease first manifests. They can be used to test new drugs for Parkinson's, and to better understand the biology of the brain. Perhaps more importantly, other types of organoids can be created using the same technique to model diseases that affect other areas of the brain, or other organs altogether. For example, Renner et al. also generated forebrain organoids using an automated approach for both generation and analysis. This research, which shows that organoids can be grown and tested in a fully automated, reproducible and scalable way, creates a platform to quickly, cheaply and easily test thousands of drugs for Parkinson's and other difficult-to-treat diseases in a human setting. This approach has the potential to reduce research waste by increasing the chances that a drug that works in the lab will also ultimately work in a patient; and reduce animal experiments, as drugs that do not work in human tissues will not proceed to animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Renner
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Martha Grabos
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina J Becker
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa E Kagermeier
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wu
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Research Group for RNA Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Otto
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Peischard
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Yaroslav TsyTsyura
- Cellular Biophysics Group, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Cellular Biophysics Group, Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Research Group for RNA Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan M Bruder
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Metabolic Profiling of CSF from People Suffering from Sporadic and LRRK2 Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112394. [PMID: 33142859 PMCID: PMC7693941 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF from unique groups of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients was biochemically profiled to identify previously unreported metabolic pathways linked to PD pathogenesis, and novel biochemical biomarkers of the disease were characterized. Utilizing both 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS we quantitatively profiled CSF from patients with sporadic PD (n = 20) and those who are genetically predisposed (LRRK2) to the disease (n = 20), and compared those results with age and gender-matched controls (n = 20). Further, we systematically evaluated the utility of several machine learning techniques for the diagnosis of PD. 1H NMR and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, in combination with bioinformatic analyses, provided useful information highlighting previously unreported biochemical pathways and CSF-based biomarkers associated with both sporadic PD (sPD) and LRRK2 PD. Results of this metabolomics study further support our group’s previous findings identifying bile acid metabolism as one of the major aberrant biochemical pathways in PD patients. This study demonstrates that a combination of two complimentary techniques can provide a much more holistic view of the CSF metabolome, and by association, the brain metabolome. Future studies for the prediction of those at risk of developing PD should investigate the clinical utility of these CSF-based biomarkers in more accessible biomatrices. Further, it is essential that we determine whether the biochemical pathways highlighted here are recapitulated in the brains of PD patients with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
39
|
Elugoke SE, Adekunle AS, Fayemi OE, Akpan ED, Mamba BB, Sherif EM, Ebenso EE. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) based electrochemical sensors for the determination of catecholamine neurotransmitters – Review. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saheed E. Elugoke
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
| | - Abolanle S. Adekunle
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile‐Ife Nigeria
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
| | - Ekemini D. Akpan
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
| | - El‐Sayed M. Sherif
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM) King Saud University Al‐Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory Department of Physical Chemistry National Research Centre Dokki Cairo Egypt
| | - Eno E. Ebenso
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences North‐West University (Mafikeng Campus) Mmabatho South Africa
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vermeiren Y, Hirschberg Y, Mertens I, De Deyn PP. Biofluid Markers for Prodromal Parkinson's Disease: Evidence From a Catecholaminergic Perspective. Front Neurol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32760338 PMCID: PMC7373724 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most frequent of all Lewy body diseases, a family of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by intra-neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein. Its most defining features are bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity and postural instability. By the time PD manifests with motor signs, 70% of dopaminergic midbrain neurons are lost, and the disease is already in the middle or late stage. However, there are various non-motor symptoms occurring up to 20 years before the actual parkinsonism that are closely associated with profound deficiency of myocardial noradrenaline content and peripheral sympathetic denervation, as evidenced by neuroimaging experiments in recent years. Additionally, there is an inherent autotoxicity of catecholamines in the neuronal cells in which they are produced, forming toxic catecholaldehyde intermediates that make α-synuclein prone to aggregation, initiating a cascade of events that ultimately leads to neuronal death. The etiopathogenesis of PD and related synucleinopathies thus may well be a prototypical example of a catecholamine-regulated neurodegeneration, given that the synucleinopathy in PD spreads in synergy with central and peripheral catecholaminergic dysfunction from the earliest phases onward. That is why catecholamines and their metabolites, precursors, or derivatives in cerebrospinal fluid or plasma could be of particular interest as biomarkers for prodromal and de novo PD. Because there is great demand for such markers, this mini-review summarizes all catecholamine-related studies to date, in addition to providing profound neurochemical evidence on a systemic and cellular level to further emphasize this hypothesis and with emphasis on extracellular vesicles as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic incentive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Vermeiren
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.,Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Sustainable Health Department, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Yael Hirschberg
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Sustainable Health Department, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Inge Mertens
- Centre for Proteomics (CFP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Sustainable Health Department, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Asakawa D, Mizuno H, Sugiyama E, Todoroki K. In-Source Fragmentation of Phenethylamines by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Toward Highly Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of Monoamine Neurotransmitters. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12033-12039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Asakawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Katayama T, Sawada J, Takahashi K, Yahara O. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Overview of the Literature and Meta-Analyses. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070466. [PMID: 32698474 PMCID: PMC7407121 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder; however, well-established biochemical markers have not yet been identified. This review article covers several candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for PD based on the recent literature and meta-analysis data. The decrease of α-synuclein in PD is supported by meta-analyses with modest reproducibility, and a decrease of amyloid β42 is seen as a prognostic marker for cognitive decline. Tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chains have been used to discriminate PD from other neurodegenerative disorders. This article also describes more hopeful biochemical markers, such as neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers, and other candidate biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Katayama
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-24-3181; Fax: +81-166-24-1125
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Kae Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
| | - Osamu Yahara
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ugrumov M. Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Illusion or reality? CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:997-1009. [PMID: 32597012 PMCID: PMC7539842 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fight against neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease (PD), is a challenge of the 21st century. The low efficacy of treating patients is due to the late diagnosis and start of therapy, after the degeneration of most specific neurons and depletion of neuroplasticity. It is believed that the development of early diagnosis (ED) and preventive treatment will delay the onset of specific symptoms. This review evaluates methodologies for developing ED of PD. Since PD is a systemic disease, and the degeneration of certain neurons precedes that of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons that control motor function, the current methodology is based on searching biomarkers, such as premotor symptoms and changes in body fluids (BF) in patients. However, all attempts to develop ED were unsuccessful. Therefore, it is proposed to enhance the current methodology by (i) selecting among biomarkers found in BF in patients at the clinical stage those that are characteristics of animal models of the preclinical stage, (ii) searching biomarkers in BF in subjects at the prodromal stage, selected by detecting premotor symptoms and failure of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Moreover, a new methodology was proposed for the development of ED of PD using a provocative test, which is successfully used in internal medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ugrumov
- Laboratory of Neural and Neuroendocrine Regulations, Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Urazgildeeva GR, Abaimov DA, Fedotova EY, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN, Lokhov PG. Parkinson's Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32466249 PMCID: PMC7277996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oxana P. Trifonova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Dmitri L. Maslov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Guzel R. Urazgildeeva
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Fedotova
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Poleschuk
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Sergey N. Illarioshkin
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paredes-Rodriguez E, Vegas-Suarez S, Morera-Herreras T, De Deurwaerdere P, Miguelez C. The Noradrenergic System in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:435. [PMID: 32322208 PMCID: PMC7157437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays it is well accepted that in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the neurodegenerative process occurs in stages and that damage to other areas precedes the neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is considered a pathophysiological hallmark of PD. This heterogeneous and progressive neurodegeneration may explain the diverse symptomatology of the disease, including motor and non-motor alterations. In PD, one of the first areas undergoing degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC). This noradrenergic nucleus provides extensive innervation throughout the brain and plays a fundamental neuromodulator role, participating in stress responses, emotional memory, and control of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Early in the disease, LC neurons suffer modifications that can condition the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, and importantly, can lead to the appearance of common non-motor symptomatology. The noradrenergic system also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect on the dopaminergic degeneration and noradrenergic damage can consequently condition the progress of the disease. From the pharmacological point of view, it is also important to understand how the noradrenergic system performs in PD, since noradrenergic medication is often used in these patients, and drug interactions can take place when combining them with the gold standard drug therapy in PD, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). This review provides an overview about the functional status of the noradrenergic system in PD and its contribution to the efficacy of pharmacological-based treatments. Based on preclinical and clinical publications, a special attention will be dedicated to the most prevalent non-motor symptoms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paredes-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Sergio Vegas-Suarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdere
- Centre National de la Recherche scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA UMR 5287), Bordeaux, France
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Monoaminergic and Kynurenergic Characterization of Frontotemporal Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1191-1201. [PMID: 32130630 PMCID: PMC7162843 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the neurochemical continuum between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with respect to monoamines and kynurenines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, may be useful to identify possible new research/therapeutic targets. Hence, we analysed monoamines and kynurenines in CSF and serum derived from patients with FTD (n = 39), ALS (n = 23), FTD-ALS (n = 4) and age-matched control subjects (n = 26), using reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-UHPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We noted a shared dopaminergic disturbance in FTD and ALS when compared to CONTR, with significantly increased serum DA levels and decreased DOPAC concentrations, as well as decreased DOPAC/DA ratios in both disease groups. In CSF, significantly reduced DOPAC concentrations in FTD and ALS were observed as well. Here, a significant increase in DA levels and decrease in DOPAC/DA ratios was only found in FTD relative to CONTR. With respect to the kynurenine pathway (KP), we only found decreased HK/XA ratios, indicative for vitamin B6 status, in serum of ALS subjects compared to FTD. The dopaminergic commonalities observed in FTD and ALS might relate to a disturbance of dopaminergic nerve terminals in projection areas of the substantia nigra and/or ventral tegmental area, although these findings should first be confirmed in brain tissue. Lastly, based on the results of this work, the KP does not hold promise as a research/therapeutic target in FTD and ALS.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in Patients Treated With Droxidopa for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Retrospective Review. Cogn Behav Neurol 2020; 32:179-184. [PMID: 31517701 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Droxidopa is a norepinephrine precursor that improves symptoms of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in conditions such as Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, and pure autonomic failure by inducing a pressor effect. Unlike other pressor agents, droxidopa crosses the blood-brain barrier; however, its central effects are, as of yet, uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE We present the results of a retrospective cohort study examining cognitive and behavioral side effects linked to droxidopa therapy. METHODS We performed a review of 101 patients who had been treated with droxidopa at an academic tertiary care center and identified cases of cognitive and behavioral changes associated with the therapy. RESULTS We identified six patients who had developed cognitive and behavioral symptoms, including memory difficulties, confusion, mania, and irritability, shortly after droxidopa initiation. All six patients displayed symptoms of synucleinopathy, manifesting with autonomic failure, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and parkinsonism. Patients had no significant cognitive or behavioral symptoms before droxidopa initiation. Behavioral disturbances were observed early in the droxidopa titration period and at relatively low doses. Symptoms resolved with dose reduction in four patients, and droxidopa was discontinued in two patients due to persistent irritability. No other medical comorbidities or alternative etiologies were identified to explain the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Droxidopa is designed to act peripherally as a pressor agent but may also exert important central effects. We hypothesize that the cognitive and behavioral manifestations observed in the patients with orthostatic hypotension resulted from an "overdose" of key noradrenergic networks linking orbitofrontal and mesolimbic regions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Coon EA, Singer W, Low PA. Pure Autonomic Failure. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:2087-2098. [PMID: 31515103 PMCID: PMC6826339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pure autonomic failure (PAF) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the autonomic nervous system clinically characterized by orthostatic hypotension. The disorder has also been known as Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome, named for the authors of the 1925 seminal description. Patients typically present in midlife or later with orthostatic hypotension or syncope. Autonomic failure may also manifest as genitourinary, bowel, and thermoregulatory dysfunction. With widespread involvement, patients may present to a variety of different specialties and require multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Pathologically, PAF is characterized by predominantly peripheral deposition of α-synuclein. However, patients with PAF may progress into other synucleinopathies with central nervous system involvement.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lamotte G, Holmes C, Wu T, Goldstein DS. Long-term trends in myocardial sympathetic innervation and function in synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 67:27-33. [PMID: 31621602 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson disease (PD), pure autonomic failure (PAF), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are characterized by intra-cerebral deposition of the protein alpha-synuclein and are termed synucleinopathies. Lewy body synucleinopathies involve decreased cardiac sympathetic innervation and functional abnormalities in residual noradrenergic terminals. This observational, retrospective, cohort study describes long-term trends in indices of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function in synucleinopathies. METHODS Patients with PD (N = 31), PAF (N = 9), or MSA (N = 9) underwent repeated 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography (median follow-up 3.5 years). Interventricular septal 18F-dopamine-derived radioactivity 8 min after tracer injection (8' Radioactivity) was used as an index of sympathetic innervation and the slope of mono-exponential decline of radioactivity between 8 and 25 min (k8'-25') as an index of intraneuronal vesicular storage. Healthy volunteers (HVs) (N = 33) and individuals at high risk of PD (N = 15) were controls. RESULTS Upon initial evaluation the groups with PD and orthostatic hypotension (OH), PAF, or PD and no OH had low mean 8' Radioactivity compared to HVs (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0002, p = 0.006) and had elevated k8'-25' (p = 0.0007, p = 0.007, p = 0.06). There was no significant difference between MSA and HVs. In PD 8' Radioactivity decreased by a median of 4% per year and did not decrease in MSA. k8'-25' values did not change during follow-up in any group. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging evidence of decreased vesicular uptake in cardiac sympathetic nerves is present upon initial evaluation of patients with Lewy body synucleinopathies and may provide a biomarker of catecholaminergic dysfunction early in the disease process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lamotte
- Clinical Neurosciences Program (CNP), Division of Intramural Research (CNP), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), 9000 Rockville Pike 10/8C260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike 10/8C260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. /
| | - Courtney Holmes
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike 10/8C260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Tianxia Wu
- Clinical Trials Unit, NINDS, 9000 Rockville Pike 10/2A23B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike 10/8C260, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Badillo-Ramírez I, Saniger JM, Rivas-Arancibia S. 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine, a neurotoxic endogenous metabolite of dopamine: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104514. [PMID: 31369776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and is characterized for being an idiopathic and multifactorial disease. Extensive research has been conducted to explain the origin of the disease, but it still remains elusive. It is well known that dopamine oxidation, through the endogenous formation of toxic metabolites, is a key process in the activation of a cascade of molecular events that leads to cellular death in the hallmark of PD. Thio-catecholamines, such as 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine, 5-S-glutathionyl-dopamine and derived benzothiazines, are endogenous metabolites formed in the dopamine oxidative degradation pathway. Those metabolites have been shown to be highly toxic to neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, activating molecular mechanisms that ultimately lead to neuronal death. In this review we describe the origin, formation and the toxic effects of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and its oxidative derivatives that cause death to dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, we correlate the formation of those metabolites with the neurodegeneration progress in PD. In addition, we present the reported neuroprotective strategies of products that protect against the cellular damage of those thio-catecholamines. Finally, we discuss the advantages in the use of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine as a potential biomarker for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José M Saniger
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|