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Medina R, Derias AM, Lakdawala M, Speakman S, Lucke-Wold B. Overview of emerging therapies for demyelinating diseases. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6361-6373. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i30.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system, specifically those caused by demyelination. We explore new research regarding potential therapeutic interventions, particularly those aimed at inducing remyelination. Remyelination is a detailed process, involving many cell types–oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), astrocytes, and microglia–and both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Our discussion of this process includes the differentiation potential of neural stem cells, the function of adult OPCs, and the impact of molecular mediators on myelin repair. Emerging therapies are also explored, with mechanisms of action including the induction of OPC differentiation, the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells, and the use of molecular mediators. Further, we discuss current medical advancements in relation to many myelin-related disorders, including multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Beyond these emerging systemic therapies, we also introduce the dimethyl fumarate/silk fibroin nerve conduit and its potential role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Despite these aforementioned scientific advancements, this paper maintains the need for ongoing research to deepen our understanding of demyelinating diseases and advance therapeutic strategies that enhance affected patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Medina
- University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl 32610, United States
| | - Ann-Marie Derias
- University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl 32610, United States
| | - Maria Lakdawala
- University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl 32610, United States
| | - Skye Speakman
- University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl 32610, United States
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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Hu M, Liu R, Castro N, Sanchez LL, Learn J, Huang R, Lam KS, Carraway KL. Structure-Activity Relationship Study Identifies a Novel Lipophilic Amiloride Derivative that Efficiently Kills Chemoresistant Breast Cancer Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.25.542364. [PMID: 37292759 PMCID: PMC10245970 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the potassium-sparing diuretic amiloride are preferentially cytotoxic toward tumor cells relative to normal cells, and have the capacity to target tumor cell populations resistant to currently employed therapeutic agents. However, a major barrier to clinical translation of the amilorides is their modest cytotoxic potency, with estimated IC 50 values in the high micromolar range. Here we report the synthesis of ten novel amiloride derivatives and the characterization of their cytotoxic potency toward MCF7 (ER/PR-positive), SKBR3 (HER2-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) cell line models of breast cancer. Comparisons of derivative structure with cytotoxic potency toward these cell lines underscore the importance of an intact guanidine group, and uncover a strong link between drug-induced cytotoxicity and drug lipophilicity. We demonstrate that our most potent derivative called LLC1 is preferentially cytotoxic toward mouse mammary tumor over normal epithelial organoids, acts in the single digit micromolar range on breast cancer cell line models representing all major subtypes, acts on cell lines that exhibit both transient and sustained resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, but exhibits limited anti-tumor effects in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Nonetheless, our observations offer a roadmap for the future optimization of amiloride-based compounds with preferential cytotoxicity toward breast tumor cells.
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Hung CH, Chin Y, Fong YO, Lee CH, Han DS, Lin JH, Sun WH, Chen CC. Acidosis-related pain and its receptors as targets for chronic pain. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108444. [PMID: 37210007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensing acidosis is an important somatosensory function in responses to ischemia, inflammation, and metabolic alteration. Accumulating evidence has shown that acidosis is an effective factor for pain induction and that many intractable chronic pain diseases are associated with acidosis signaling. Various receptors have been known to detect extracellular acidosis and all express in the somatosensory neurons, such as acid sensing ion channels (ASIC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors. In addition to sense noxious acidic stimulation, these proton-sensing receptors also play a vital role in pain processing. For example, ASICs and TRPs are involved in not only nociceptive activation but also anti-nociceptive effects as well as some other non-nociceptive pathways. Herein, we review recent progress in probing the roles of proton-sensing receptors in preclinical pain research and their clinical relevance. We also propose a new concept of sngception to address the specific somatosensory function of acid sensation. This review aims to connect these acid-sensing receptors with basic pain research and clinical pain diseases, thus helping with better understanding the acid-related pain pathogenesis and their potential therapeutic roles via the mechanism of acid-mediated antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Hung
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yin Chin
- Department of Life Science & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-On Fong
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shen Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Her Lin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Science & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gladkikh IN, Klimovich AA, Kalina RS, Kozhevnikova YV, Khasanov TA, Osmakov DI, Koshelev SG, Monastyrnaya MM, Andreev YA, Leychenko EV, Kozlov SA. Anxiolytic, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Peptides Hmg 1b-2 and Hmg 1b-4 from the Sea Anemone Heteractis magnifica. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050341. [PMID: 37235375 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) have been known as sensors of a local pH change within both physiological and pathological conditions. ASIC-targeting peptide toxins could be potent molecular tools for ASIC-manipulating in vitro, and for pathology treatment in animal test studies. Two sea anemone toxins, native Hmg 1b-2 and recombinant Hmg 1b-4, both related to APETx-like peptides, inhibited the transient current component of human ASIC3-Δ20 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but only Hmg 1b-2 inhibited the rat ASIC3 transient current. The Hmg 1b-4 action on rASIC3 as a potentiator was confirmed once again. Both peptides are non-toxic molecules for rodents. In open field and elevated plus maze tests, Hmg 1b-2 had more of an excitatory effect and Hmg 1b-4 had more of an anxiolytic effect on mouse behavior. The analgesic activity of peptides was similar and comparable to diclofenac activity in an acid-induced muscle pain model. In models of acute local inflammation induced by λ-carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant, Hmg 1b-4 had more pronounced and statistically significant anti-inflammatory effects than Hmg 1b-2. It exceeded the effect of diclofenac and, at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, reduced the volume of the paw almost to the initial volume. Our data highlight the importance of a comprehensive study of novel ASIC-targeting ligands, and in particular, peptide toxins, and present the slightly different biological activity of the two similar toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna A Klimovich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Rimma S Kalina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia V Kozhevnikova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Timur A Khasanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Osmakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G Koshelev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita M Monastyrnaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A Andreev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Cherninskyi A, Storozhuk M, Maximyuk O, Kulyk V, Krishtal O. Triggering of Major Brain Disorders by Protons and ATP: The Role of ASICs and P2X Receptors. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:845-862. [PMID: 36445556 PMCID: PMC9707125 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is well-known as a universal source of energy in living cells. Less known is that this molecule has a variety of important signaling functions: it activates a variety of specific metabotropic (P2Y) and ionotropic (P2X) receptors in neuronal and non-neuronal cell membranes. So, a wide variety of signaling functions well fits the ubiquitous presence of ATP in the tissues. Even more ubiquitous are protons. Apart from the unspecific interaction of protons with any protein, many physiological processes are affected by protons acting on specific ionotropic receptors-acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Both protons (acidification) and ATP are locally elevated in various pathological states. Using these fundamentally important molecules as agonists, ASICs and P2X receptors signal a variety of major brain pathologies. Here we briefly outline the physiological roles of ASICs and P2X receptors, focusing on the brain pathologies involving these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Cherninskyi
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine.
| | - Maksim Storozhuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maximyuk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Vyacheslav Kulyk
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Krishtal
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01024, Ukraine
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Villoslada P, Masso M, Paris S, Hutchings S, Koch A. A Phase 1 randomized study on the safety and pharmacokinetics of OCS-05, a neuroprotective disease modifying treatment for Acute Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5099. [PMID: 36991169 PMCID: PMC10060579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OCS-05 (aka BN201) is a peptidomimetic that binds to serum glucocorticoid kinase-2 (SGK2), displaying neuroprotective activity. The objective of this randomized, double-blind 2-part study was to test safety and pharmacokinetics of OCS-05 administered by intravenous (i.v.) infusion in healthy volunteers. Subjects (n = 48) were assigned to receive placebo (n = 12) or OCS-05 (n = 36). , Doses tested were 0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 mg/kg in the single ascending dose (SAD) part. In the multiple ascending dose (MAD) part, 2.4 and 3.0 mg/kg doses were administered with 2 h i.v. infusion for 5 consecutive days. Safety assessments included adverse events, blood tests, ECG, Holter monitoring, brain MRI and EEG. No serious adverse events were reported in the OCS-05 group (there was one serious adverse event in the placebo group). Adverse events reported in the MAD part were not clinically significant, and no changes on the ECG, EEG or brain MRI were observed. Single-dose (0.05-3.2 mg/kg) exposure (Cmax and AUC) increased in a dose-proportional manner. Steady state was reached by Day 4 and no accumulation was observed. Elimination half-life ranged from 3.35 to 8.23 h (SAD) and 8.63 to 12.2 h (MAD). Mean individual Cmax concentrations in the MAD part were well below the safety thresholds. OCS-05 administered as 2-h i.v. infusions of multiple doses up to 3.0 mg/Kg daily for up to 5 consecutive days was safe and well tolerated. Based on this safety profile, OCS-05 is currently being tested in a phase 2 trial in patient with acute optic neuritis (NCT04762017, date registration 21/02/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villoslada
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Rosello 149, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mar Masso
- Bionure Farma/Accure Therapeutics SL, Barcelona, Spain
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Rispoli MG, D'Apolito M, Pozzilli V, Tomassini V. Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:293-311. [PMID: 36803817 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The improved understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS) neurobiology alongside the development of novel markers of disease will allow precision medicine to be applied to MS patients, bringing the promise of improved care. Combinations of clinical and paraclinical data are currently used for diagnosis and prognosis. The addition of advanced magnetic resonance imaging and biofluid markers has been strongly encouraged, since classifying patients according to the underlying biology will improve monitoring and treatment strategies. For example, silent progression seems to contribute significantly more than relapses to overall disability accumulation, but currently approved treatments for MS act mainly on neuroinflammation and offer only a partial protection against neurodegeneration. Further research, involving traditional and adaptive trial designs, should strive to halt, repair or protect against central nervous system damage. To personalize new treatments, their selectivity, tolerability, ease of administration, and safety must be considered, while to personalize treatment approaches, patient preferences, risk-aversion, and lifestyle must be factored in, and patient feedback used to indicate real-world treatment efficacy. The use of biosensors and machine-learning approaches to integrate biological, anatomical, and physiological parameters will take personalized medicine a step closer toward the patient's virtual twin, in which treatments can be tried before they are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna G Rispoli
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria D'Apolito
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Pozzilli
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomassini
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB) and Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; MS Centre, SS. Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
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Zhou RP, Liang HY, Hu WR, Ding J, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Lu C, Chen FH, Hu W. Modulators of ASIC1a and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101785. [PMID: 36371015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Age-related diseases have become more common with the advancing age of the worldwide population. Such diseases involve multiple organs, with tissue degeneration and cellular apoptosis. To date, there is a general lack of effective drugs for treatment of most age-related diseases and there is therefore an urgent need to identify novel drug targets for improved treatment. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is a degenerin/epithelial sodium channel family member, which is activated in an acidic environment to regulate pathophysiological processes such as acidosis, inflammation, hypoxia, and ischemia. A large body of evidence suggests that ASIC1a plays an important role in the development of age-related diseases (e.g., stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease.). Herein we present: 1) a review of ASIC1a channel properties, distribution, and physiological function; 2) a summary of the pharmacological properties of ASIC1a; 3) and a consideration of ASIC1a as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Rong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Verkest C, Salinas M, Diochot S, Deval E, Lingueglia E, Baron A. Mechanisms of Action of the Peptide Toxins Targeting Human and Rodent Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Relevance to Their In Vivo Analgesic Effects. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100709. [PMID: 36287977 PMCID: PMC9612379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are voltage-independent H+-gated cation channels largely expressed in the nervous system of rodents and humans. At least six isoforms (ASIC1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4) associate into homotrimers or heterotrimers to form functional channels with highly pH-dependent gating properties. This review provides an update on the pharmacological profiles of animal peptide toxins targeting ASICs, including PcTx1 from tarantula and related spider toxins, APETx2 and APETx-like peptides from sea anemone, and mambalgin from snake, as well as the dimeric protein snake toxin MitTx that have all been instrumental to understanding the structure and the pH-dependent gating of rodent and human cloned ASICs and to study the physiological and pathological roles of native ASICs in vitro and in vivo. ASICs are expressed all along the pain pathways and the pharmacological data clearly support a role for these channels in pain. ASIC-targeting peptide toxins interfere with ASIC gating by complex and pH-dependent mechanisms sometimes leading to opposite effects. However, these dual pH-dependent effects of ASIC-inhibiting toxins (PcTx1, mambalgin and APETx2) are fully compatible with, and even support, their analgesic effects in vivo, both in the central and the peripheral nervous system, as well as potential effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Verkest
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Salinas
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Diochot
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Deval
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Eric Lingueglia
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
| | - Anne Baron
- CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), IPMC (Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), LabEx ICST (Laboratory of Excellence in Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics), FHU InovPain (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire “Innovative Solutions in Refractory Chronic Pain”), Université Côte d’Azur, 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
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Kakoti BB, Bezbaruah R, Ahmed N. Therapeutic drug repositioning with special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases: Threats and issues. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1007315. [PMID: 36263141 PMCID: PMC9574100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning or repurposing is the process of discovering leading-edge indications for authorized or declined/abandoned molecules for use in different diseases. This approach revitalizes the traditional drug discovery method by revealing new therapeutic applications for existing drugs. There are numerous studies available that highlight the triumph of several drugs as repurposed therapeutics. For example, sildenafil to aspirin, thalidomide to adalimumab, and so on. Millions of people worldwide are affected by neurodegenerative diseases. According to a 2021 report, the Alzheimer's disease Association estimates that 6.2 million Americans are detected with Alzheimer's disease. By 2030, approximately 1.2 million people in the United States possibly acquire Parkinson's disease. Drugs that act on a single molecular target benefit people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Current pharmacological approaches, on the other hand, are constrained in their capacity to unquestionably alter the course of the disease and provide patients with inadequate and momentary benefits. Drug repositioning-based approaches appear to be very pertinent, expense- and time-reducing strategies for the enhancement of medicinal opportunities for such diseases in the current era. Kinase inhibitors, for example, which were developed for various oncology indications, demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases. This review expounds on the classical and recent examples of drug repositioning at various stages of drug development, with a special focus on neurodegenerative disorders and the aspects of threats and issues viz. the regulatory, scientific, and economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Bhusan Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
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Acidosis induces RIPK1-dependent death of glioblastoma stem cells via acid-sensing ion channel 1a. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:702. [PMID: 35961983 PMCID: PMC9374719 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eliciting regulated cell death, like necroptosis, is a potential cancer treatment. However, pathways eliciting necroptosis are poorly understood. It has been reported that prolonged activation of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) induces necroptosis in mouse neurons. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) also express functional ASIC1a, but whether prolonged activation of ASIC1a induces necroptosis in GSCs is unknown. Here we used a tumorsphere formation assay to show that slight acidosis (pH 6.6) induces necrotic cell death in a manner that was sensitive to the necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 and to the ASIC1a antagonist PcTx1. In addition, genetic knockout of ASIC1a rendered GSCs resistant to acid-induced reduction in tumorsphere formation, while the ASIC1 agonist MitTx1 reduced tumorsphere formation also at neutral pH. Finally, a 20 amino acid fragment of the ASIC1 C-terminus, thought to interact with the necroptosis kinase RIPK1, was sufficient to reduce the formation of tumorspheres. Meanwhile, the genetic knockout of MLKL, the executive protein in the necroptosis cascade, did not prevent a reduction in tumor sphere formation, suggesting that ASIC1a induced an alternative cell death pathway. These findings demonstrate that ASIC1a is a death receptor on GSCs that induces cell death during prolonged acidosis. We propose that this pathway shapes the evolution of a tumor in its acidic microenvironment and that pharmacological activation of ASIC1a might be a potential new strategy in tumor therapy.
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12
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Wang Y, Hu X, Sun Y, Huang Y. The Role of ASIC1a in Inflammatory Immune Diseases: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942209. [PMID: 35873582 PMCID: PMC9304623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is acknowledged that chronic inflammation is associated with a rise in extracellular proton concentrations. The acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) belongs to the extracellular H+-activated cation channel family. Recently, many studies have been conducted on ASIC1a and inflammatory immune diseases. Here, in this review, we will focus on the role of ASIC1a in several inflammatory immune diseases so as to provide new perspectives for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yancai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yancai Sun, ; Yan Huang,
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yancai Sun, ; Yan Huang,
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13
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Lin WS, Lin SJ, Liao PY, Suresh D, Hsu TR, Wang PY. Role of Ketogenic Diets in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Animal Models: An Updated Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2002-2014. [PMID: 35679067 PMCID: PMC9526852 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prescribing a ketogenic diet (KD) is a century-old dietary intervention mainly used in the context of intractable epilepsy. The classic KD and its variants regained popularity in recent decades, and they are considered potentially beneficial in a variety of neurological conditions other than epilepsy. Many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have attempted diet modification for better control of their disease, although evidence thus far remains insufficient to recommend a specific diet for these patients. The results of 3 pilot clinical trials of KD therapy for MS, as well as several related studies, have been reported in recent years. The preliminary findings suggest that KD is safe, feasible, and potentially neuroprotective and disease-modifying for patients with MS. Research on corresponding rodent models has also lent support to the efficacy of KD in the prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and toxin-induced inflammatory demyelinating conditions in the brain. Furthermore, the animal studies have yielded mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanisms of KD action in relevant situations, paving the way for precision nutrition. Herein we review and synthesize recent advances and also identify unresolved issues, such as the roles of adipokines and gut microbiota, in this field. Hopefully this panoramic view of current understanding can inform future research directions and clinical practice with regard to KD in MS and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan-Ju Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Liao
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Divya Suresh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Rong Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Program in Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Alasmari F, Sari DB, Alhaddad H, Al-Rejaie SS, Sari Y. Interactive role of acid sensing ion channels and glutamatergic system in opioid dependence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104581. [PMID: 35181397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in glutamatergic receptors and transporters has been found to mediate drugs of abuse, including morphine. Among glutamate receptors, ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are altered with exposure to drugs of abuse. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are ligand (H+)-gated channels, which are expressed at the excitatory synaptic clefts and play a role in drug dependence. Overexpression of a specific ASIC subtype, ASIC1a, attenuated reinstatement of cocaine. ASICs are revealed to be involved in cocaine and morphine seeking behaviors, and these effects are mediated through modulation of glutamatergic receptors. In this review, we discussed the interactive role of ASICs and glutamate receptors, mainly iGluRs, in opioid dependence. ASICs are also expressed in astrocytes and are suggested to be involved on regulating glutamate uptake. However, little is known about the coupling between ASICs and the astroglial glutamate transporters. In addition, this review discussed the role of nitric oxide in the modulation of ASIC function and potentially opioid dependence. We also discussed the role of ASICs in the modulation of the function of both glutamatergic receptors in post-synaptic neurons and glutamatergic transporters in astrocytes in animals exposed to drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Deen B Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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15
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Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Reshkin SJ, Devesa J. Hydrogen Ion Dynamics as the Fundamental Link between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer: Its Application to the Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052454. [PMID: 35269597 PMCID: PMC8910484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-related metabolic paradigm has rapidly grown in cancer research and treatment. In this contribution, this recent oncological perspective has been laterally assessed for the first time in order to integrate neurodegeneration within the energetics of the cancer acid-base conceptual frame. At all levels of study (molecular, biochemical, metabolic, and clinical), the intimate nature of both processes appears to consist of opposite mechanisms occurring at the far ends of a physiopathological intracellular pH/extracellular pH (pHi/pHe) spectrum. This wide-ranging original approach now permits an increase in our understanding of these opposite processes, cancer and neurodegeneration, and, as a consequence, allows us to propose new avenues of treatment based upon the intracellular and microenvironmental hydrogen ion dynamics regulating and deregulating the biochemistry and metabolism of both cancer and neural cells. Under the same perspective, the etiopathogenesis and special characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an excellent model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and, utilizing this pioneering approach, we find that MS appears to be a metabolic disease even before an autoimmune one. Furthermore, within this paradigm, several important aspects of MS, from mitochondrial failure to microbiota functional abnormalities, are analyzed in depth. Finally, and for the first time, a new and integrated model of treatment for MS can now be advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-047-141
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
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16
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Kamma E, Lasisi W, Libner C, Ng HS, Plemel JR. Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:45. [PMID: 35144628 PMCID: PMC8830034 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited treatment options available for progressive MS. The development of new drugs for the treatment of progressive MS remains challenging as the pathophysiology of progressive MS is poorly understood. The progressive phase of MS is dominated by neurodegeneration and a heightened innate immune response with trapped immune cells behind a closed blood–brain barrier in the central nervous system. Here we review microglia and border-associated macrophages, which include perivascular, meningeal, and choroid plexus macrophages, during the progressive phase of MS. These cells are vital and are largely the basis to define lesion types in MS. We will review the evidence that reactive microglia and macrophages upregulate pro-inflammatory genes and downregulate homeostatic genes, that may promote neurodegeneration in progressive MS. We will also review the factors that regulate microglia and macrophage function during progressive MS, as well as potential toxic functions of these cells. Disease-modifying drugs that solely target microglia and macrophage in progressive MS are lacking. The recent treatment successes for progressive MS include include B-cell depletion therapies and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. We will describe several therapies being evaluated as a potential treatment option for progressive MS, such as immunomodulatory therapies that can target myeloid cells or as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kamma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Lasisi
- Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, NL, Canada
| | - Cole Libner
- Department of Health Sciences and the Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Huah Shin Ng
- Division of Neurology and the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,University of Alberta, 5-64 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G2S2, Canada.
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17
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Wang YM, Tan MY, Zhang RJ, Qiu MY, Fu YS, Xie XJ, Gu HF. Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1/Calpain1 Activation Impedes Macrophage ATP-Binding Cassette Protein A1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Induced by Extracellular Acidification. Front Physiol 2022; 12:777386. [PMID: 35126174 PMCID: PMC8811198 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular acidification is a common feature of atherosclerotic lesions, and such an acidic microenvironment impedes ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux and promotes atherogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) is a critical H+ receptor, which is responsible for the perception and transduction of extracellular acidification signals. Aim In this study, we explored whether or how ASIC1 influences extracellular acidification-induced ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophage-derived foam cells. Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured in an acidic medium (pH 6.5) to generate foam cells. Then the intracellular lipid deposition, cholesterol efflux, and ASIC1/calpain1/ABCA1 expressions were evaluated. Results We showed that extracellular acidification enhanced ASIC1 expression and translocation, promoted calpain1 expression and lipid accumulation, and decreased ABCA1 protein expression as well as ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux. Of note, inhibiting ASIC1 activation with amiloride or Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx-1) not only lowered calpain1 protein level and lipid accumulation but also enhanced ABCA1 protein levels and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux of macrophages under extracellular acidification conditions. Furthermore, similar results were observed in macrophages treated with calpain1 inhibitor PD150606. Conclusion Extracellular acidification declines cholesterol efflux via activating ASIC1 to promote calpain1-mediated ABCA1 degradation. Thus, ASIC1 may be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Mei Wang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mo-Ye Tan
- Department of Zhongjing Theory, College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Rong-Jie Zhang
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ming-Yue Qiu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - You-Sheng Fu
- Hengyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hengyang, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Xie
- Department of Zhongjing Theory, College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Jiao Xie,
| | - Hong-Feng Gu
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment and Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Hong-Feng Gu,
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18
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Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in Glial Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020119. [PMID: 35207041 PMCID: PMC8878633 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels and key mediators of responses to neuronal injury. ASICs exhibit unique patterns of distribution in the brain, with high expression in neurons and low expression in glial cells. While there has been a lot of focus on ASIC in neurons, less is known about the roles of ASICs in glial cells. ASIC1a is expressed in astrocytes and might contribute to synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation. In oligodendrocytes, constitutive activation of ASIC1a participates in demyelinating diseases. ASIC1a, ASIC2a, and ASIC3, found in microglial cells, could mediate the inflammatory response. Under pathological conditions, ASIC dysregulation in glial cells can contribute to disease states. For example, activation of astrocytic ASIC1a may worsen neurodegeneration and glioma staging, activation of microglial ASIC1a and ASIC2a may perpetuate ischemia and inflammation, while oligodendrocytic ASIC1a might be involved in multiple sclerosis. This review concentrates on the unique ASIC components in each of the glial cells and integrates these glial-specific ASICs with their physiological and pathological conditions. Such knowledge provides promising evidence for targeting of ASICs in individual glial cells as a therapeutic strategy for a diverse range of conditions.
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19
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Chen Z, Lin S, Xie T, Lin JM, Canessa CM. A flexible GAS belt responds to pore mutations changing the ion selectivity of proton-gated channels. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:212811. [PMID: 34766968 PMCID: PMC8594623 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-gated ion channels conduct mainly Na+ to induce postsynaptic membrane depolarization. Finding the determinants of ion selectivity requires knowledge of the pore structure in the open conformation, but such information is not yet available. Here, the open conformation of the hASIC1a channel was computationally modeled, and functional effects of pore mutations were analyzed in light of the predicted structures. The open pore structure shows two constrictions of similar diameter formed by the backbone of the GAS belt and, right beneath it, by the side chains of H28 from the reentrant loop. Models of nonselective mutant channels, but not those that maintain ion selectivity, predict enlargement of the GAS belt, suggesting that this motif is quite flexible and that the loss of stabilizing interactions in the central pore leads to changes in size/shape of the belt. Our results are consistent with the "close-fit" mechanism governing selectivity of hASIC1a, wherein the backbone of the GAS substitutes at least part of the hydration shell of a permeant ion to enable crossing the pore constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyuan Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia M Canessa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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20
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Mango D, Nisticò R. Neurodegenerative Disease: What Potential Therapeutic Role of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels? Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:730641. [PMID: 34690702 PMCID: PMC8531221 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.730641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH shift occurs in many physiological neuronal activities such as synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity but also represents a characteristic feature of many pathological conditions including inflammation and ischemia. Neuroinflammation is a complex process that occurs in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) represent a widely expressed pH sensor in the brain that play a key role in neuroinflammation. On this basis, acid-sensing ion channel blockers are able to exert neuroprotective effects in different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted roles of ASICs in brain physiology and pathology and highlight ASIC1a as a potential pharmacological target in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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21
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Heusser SA, Pless SA. Acid-sensing ion channels as potential therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:1035-1050. [PMID: 34674886 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue acidification is associated with a variety of disease states, and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) that can sense changes in pH have gained traction as possible pharmaceutical targets. An array of modulators, ranging from small molecules to large biopharmaceuticals, are known to inhibit ASICs. Here, we summarize recent insights from animal studies to assess the therapeutic potential of ASICs in disorders such as ischemic stroke, various pain-related processes, anxiety, and cardiac pathologies. We also review the factors that present a challenge in the pharmacological targeting of ASICs, and which need to be taken into careful consideration when developing potent and selective modulators in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Heusser
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan A Pless
- Department for Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Ali AE, Elsherbiny DM, Azab SS, El-Demerdash E. The diuretic amiloride attenuates doxorubicin-induced chemobrain in rats: Behavioral and mechanistic study. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:1-13. [PMID: 34656704 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment or "chemobrain" is a troublesome adverse effect which had been increasingly reported by cancer patients after doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. Notably, Hypertension, a very common comorbidity in cancer patients, could pose a greater risk for negative cognitive outcomes. Amiloride (AML) is an antihypertensive, potassium-sparing diuretic that has been proven to be neuroprotective in different experimental models; this can be attributed to its ability to inhibit different ion transporters such as Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), which upon excessive activation can result in intracellular cationic overload, followed by oxidative damage and cellular death. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of AML against DOX-induced chemobrain and to elucidate possible underlying mechanisms. Briefly, Histopathological examination and neurobehavioral testing (Morris water maze, Y maze and passive avoidance test) showed that AML co-treatment (10 mg/kg/day) markedly attenuated DOX (2 mg/kg/week)-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment after 4 weeks of treatments. We found that DOX administration up-regulated NHE expression and increased lactic acid content in the hippocampus which were markedly opposed by AML. Moreover, AML mitigated DOX-induced neuroinflammation and decreased hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α level, nuclear factor kappa-B, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Additionally, AML counteracted DOX-induced hippocampal oxidative stress as indicated by normalized malondialdehyde and glutathione levels. Furthermore, AML halted DOX-induced hippocampal apoptosis as evidenced by decreased caspase-3 activity and lower cytochrome c immunoexpression. Our results in addition to the previously reported antitumor effects of AML and its ability to mitigate cancer resistance to DOX therapy could point toward possible new repositioning scenarios of the diuretic AML especially regarding hypertensive cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emam Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mokhtar Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar S Azab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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23
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King P, Wan J, Guo AA, Guo S, Jiang Y, Liu M. Regulation of gliomagenesis and stemness through acid sensor ASIC1a. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:82. [PMID: 34515325 PMCID: PMC8448544 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive type of adult gliomas. Despite intensive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, invariable tumor recurrence occurs, which suggests that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) render these tumors persistent. Recently, the induction of GSC differentiation has emerged as an alternative method to treat GBM, and most of the current studies aim to convert GSCs to neurons by a combination of transcriptional factors. As the tumor microenvironment is typically acidic due to increased glycolysis and consequently leads to an increased production of lactic acid in tumor cells, in the present study, the role of acid‑sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), an acid sensor, was explored as a tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis and stemness. The bioinformatics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that ASIC1 expression levels in GBM tumor tissues were lower than those in normal brain, and glioma patients with high ASIC1 expression had longer survival than those with low ASIC1 expression. Our immunohistochemistry data from tissue microarray revealed that ASIC1a expression was negatively associated with glioma grading. Functional studies revealed that the downregulation of ASIC1a promoted glioma cell proliferation and invasion, while upregulation of ASIC1a inhibited their proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, ASIC1a suppressed growth and proliferation of glioma cells through G1/S arrest and apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, ASIC1a negatively modulated glioma stemness via inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway and GSC markers CD133 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1. ASIC1a is a tumor suppressor in gliomagenesis and stemness and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pendelton King
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Jingwei Wan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Alyssa Aihui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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24
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Foster VS, Rash LD, King GF, Rank MM. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: Expression and Function in Resident and Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:738043. [PMID: 34602982 PMCID: PMC8484650 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.738043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central immune cells are critical for fighting disease, but they can also play a pivotal role in the onset and/or progression of a variety of neurological conditions that affect the central nervous system (CNS). Tissue acidosis is often present in CNS pathologies such as multiple sclerosis, epileptic seizures, and depression, and local pH is also reduced during periods of ischemia following stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. These pathological increases in extracellular acidity can activate a class of proton-gated channels known as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). ASICs have been primarily studied due to their ubiquitous expression throughout the nervous system, but it is less well recognized that they are also found in various types of immune cells. In this review, we explore what is currently known about the expression of ASICs in both peripheral and CNS-resident immune cells, and how channel activation during pathological tissue acidosis may lead to altered immune cell function that in turn modulates inflammatory pathology in the CNS. We identify gaps in the literature where ASICs and immune cell function has not been characterized, such as neurotrauma. Knowledge of the contribution of ASICs to immune cell function in neuropathology will be critical for determining whether the therapeutic benefits of ASIC inhibition might be due in part to an effect on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Foster
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lachlan D. Rash
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Glenn F. King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M. Rank
- Anatomy and Physiology, Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Failed, Interrupted, or Inconclusive Trials on Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: Update 2015-2020. Drugs 2021; 81:1031-1063. [PMID: 34086251 PMCID: PMC8217012 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the recent past, a plethora of drugs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). These therapeutics are mainly confined to immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive strategies but do not sufficiently address remyelination and neuroprotection. However, several neuroregenerative agents have shown potential in pre-clinical research and entered Phase I to III clinical trials. Although none of these compounds have yet proceeded to approval, understanding the causes of failure can broaden our knowledge about neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in MS. Moreover, most of the investigated approaches are characterised by consistent mechanisms of action and proved convincing efficacy in animal studies. Therefore, learning from their failure will help us to enforce the translation of findings acquired in pre-clinical studies into clinical application. Here, we summarise trials on MS treatment published since 2015 that have either failed or were interrupted due to a lack of efficacy, adverse events, or for other reasons. We further outline the rationale underlying these drugs and analyse the background of failure to gather new insights into MS pathophysiology and optimise future study designs. For conciseness, this review focuses on agents promoting remyelination and medications with primarily neuroprotective properties or unconventional approaches. Failed clinical trials that pursue immunomodulation are presented in a separate article.
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26
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Ruan N, Tribble J, Peterson AM, Jiang Q, Wang JQ, Chu XP. Acid-Sensing Ion Channels and Mechanosensation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094810. [PMID: 34062742 PMCID: PMC8125064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are mainly proton-gated cation channels that are activated by pH drops and nonproton ligands. They are part of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel superfamily due to their sodium permeability. Predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, ASICs are involved in synaptic plasticity, learning/memory, and fear conditioning. These channels have also been implicated in multiple disease conditions, including ischemic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and drug addiction. Recent research has illustrated the involvement of ASICs in mechanosensation. Mechanosensation is a form of signal transduction in which mechanical forces are converted into neuronal signals. Specific mechanosensitive functions have been elucidated in functional ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, and ASIC3. The implications of mechanosensation in ASICs indicate their subsequent involvement in functions such as maintaining blood pressure, modulating the gastrointestinal function, and bladder micturition, and contributing to nociception. The underlying mechanism of ASIC mechanosensation is the tether-gate model, which uses a gating-spring mechanism to activate ASIC responses. Further understanding of the mechanism of ASICs will help in treatments for ASIC-related pathologies. Along with the well-known chemosensitive functions of ASICs, emerging evidence has revealed that mechanosensitive functions of ASICs are important for maintaining homeostasis and contribute to various disease conditions.
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27
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Competing Endogenous RNA Networks as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249582. [PMID: 33339180 PMCID: PMC7765627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases.
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28
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Li X, Xuan W, Chen D, Gao H, Wang G, Guo Q, Wang Y, Song H, Cai B. Research Progress of Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutic Drugs: Based on Renin-Angiotensin System Axis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1315-1338. [PMID: 33164932 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complicate link to renin-angiotensin system (RAS). It is known that cerebrovascular disease has some connections with AD, but most of the studies are still conducted in parallel or independently. Although previous research came up with large number of hypotheses about the pathogenesis of AD, it does not include the mechanism of RAS-related regulation of AD. It has been found that many components of RAS have been changed in AD. For example, the multifunctional and high-efficiency vasoconstrictor Ang II and Ang III with similar effects are changed under the action of other RAS signal peptides; these signal peptides are believed to help improve nerve injury and cognitive function. These changes may lead to neuropathological changes of AD, and progressive defects of cognitive function, which are association with some hypotheses of AD. The role of RAS in AD gradually attracts our attention, and RAS deserved to be considered carefully in the pathogenesis of AD. This review discusses the mechanisms of RAS participating in the three current hypotheses of AD: neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and amyloid-β protein (Aβ) hypothesis, as well as the drugs that regulate RAS systems already in clinical or in clinical trials. It further demonstrates the importance of RAS in the pathogenesis of AD, not only because of its multiple aspects of participation, which may be accidental, but also because of the availability of RAS drugs, which can be reused as therapies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weiting Xuan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dabao Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huawu Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Guangyun Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaoru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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29
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Viar K, Njoku D, Secor McVoy J, Oh U. Sarm1 knockout protects against early but not late axonal degeneration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235110. [PMID: 32584865 PMCID: PMC7316289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed axonal degeneration, also known as Wallerian degeneration, occurs in immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis and the animal model experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Sterile alpha and TIR domain containing protein 1 (SARM1) functions to promote programmed axonal degeneration. To test the hypothesis that loss of SARM1 will reduce axonal degeneration in immune-mediated CNS inflammatory disorders, the course and pathology of EAE was compared in Sarm1 knockout mice and wild type littermates. The clinical course of EAE was similar in Sarm1 knockout and wild type. Analysis of EAE in mice expressing neuronal yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) showed significantly less axonal degeneration in Sarm1 knockout mice compared to wild type littermates at 14 days post-induction of EAE. At 21 days post-induction, however, difference in axonal degeneration was not significant. At 42 days post-induction, Sarm1 knockout mice were indistinguishable from wild type with respect to markers of axonal injury, and were similar with respect to axonal density in the lumbar cords. There was no significant change in peripheral immune activation or CNS inflammatory cell infiltration associated with EAE in Sarm1 knockout mice. In conclusion, Sarm1 deletion delayed axonal degeneration early in the course of CNS inflammation, but did not confer long-term protection from axonal degeneration in an animal model of immune-mediated CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Viar
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Njoku
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Julie Secor McVoy
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Unsong Oh
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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A molecular view of the function and pharmacology of acid-sensing ion channels. Pharmacol Res 2020; 154:104166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-SMART): a phase 2b, multiarm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:214-225. [PMID: 31981516 PMCID: PMC7029307 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Neurodegeneration is the pathological substrate that causes major disability in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. A synthesis of preclinical and clinical research identified three neuroprotective drugs acting on different axonal pathobiologies. We aimed to test the efficacy of these drugs in an efficient manner with respect to time, cost, and patient resource. Methods We did a phase 2b, multiarm, parallel group, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial at 13 clinical neuroscience centres in the UK. We recruited patients (aged 25–65 years) with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis who were not on disease-modifying treatment and who had an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4·0–6·5. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) at baseline, by a research nurse using a centralised web-based service, to receive twice-daily oral treatment of either amiloride 5 mg, fluoxetine 20 mg, riluzole 50 mg, or placebo for 96 weeks. The randomisation procedure included minimisation based on sex, age, EDSS score at randomisation, and trial site. Capsules were identical in appearance to achieve masking. Patients, investigators, and MRI readers were unaware of treatment allocation. The primary outcome measure was volumetric MRI percentage brain volume change (PBVC) from baseline to 96 weeks, analysed using multiple regression, adjusting for baseline normalised brain volume and minimisation criteria. The primary analysis was a complete-case analysis based on the intention-to-treat population (all patients with data at week 96). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01910259. Findings Between Jan 29, 2015, and June 22, 2016, 445 patients were randomly allocated amiloride (n=111), fluoxetine (n=111), riluzole (n=111), or placebo (n=112). The primary analysis included 393 patients who were allocated amiloride (n=99), fluoxetine (n=96), riluzole (n=99), and placebo (n=99). No difference was noted between any active treatment and placebo in PBVC (amiloride vs placebo, 0·0% [95% CI −0·4 to 0·5; p=0·99]; fluoxetine vs placebo −0·1% [–0·5 to 0·3; p=0·86]; riluzole vs placebo −0·1% [–0·6 to 0·3; p=0·77]). No emergent safety issues were reported. The incidence of serious adverse events was low and similar across study groups (ten [9%] patients in the amiloride group, seven [6%] in the fluoxetine group, 12 [11%] in the riluzole group, and 13 [12%] in the placebo group). The most common serious adverse events were infections and infestations. Three patients died during the study, from causes judged unrelated to active treatment; one patient assigned amiloride died from metastatic lung cancer, one patient assigned riluzole died from ischaemic heart disease and coronary artery thrombosis, and one patient assigned fluoxetine had a sudden death (primary cause) with multiple sclerosis and obesity listed as secondary causes. Interpretation The absence of evidence for neuroprotection in this adequately powered trial indicates that exclusively targeting these aspects of axonal pathobiology in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is insufficient to mitigate neuroaxonal loss. These findings argue for investigation of different mechanistic targets and future consideration of combination treatment trials. This trial provides a template for future simultaneous testing of multiple disease-modifying medicines in neurological medicine. Funding Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme, an MRC and NIHR partnership, UK Multiple Sclerosis Society, and US National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
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32
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Mango D, Nisticò R. Role of ASIC1a in Normal and Pathological Synaptic Plasticity. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:83-100. [PMID: 32789788 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), members of the degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel superfamily, are broadly distributed in the mammalian nervous system where they play important roles in a variety of physiological processes, including neurotransmission and memory-related behaviors. In the last few years, we and others have investigated the role of ASIC1a in different forms of synaptic plasticity especially in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. This review summarizes the latest research linking ASIC1a to synaptic function either in physiological or pathological conditions. A better understanding of how these channels are regulated in brain circuitries relevant to synaptic plasticity and memory may offer novel targets for pharmacological intervention in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mango
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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33
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Van Schependom J, Guldolf K, D'hooghe MB, Nagels G, D'haeseleer M. Detecting neurodegenerative pathology in multiple sclerosis before irreversible brain tissue loss sets in. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:37. [PMID: 31827784 PMCID: PMC6900860 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Accelerated brain volume loss, or also termed atrophy, is currently emerging as a popular imaging marker of neurodegeneration in affected patients, but, unfortunately, can only be reliably interpreted at the time when irreversible tissue damage likely has already occurred. Timing of treatment decisions based on brain atrophy may therefore be viewed as suboptimal. Main body This Narrative Review focuses on alternative techniques with the potential of detecting neurodegenerative events in the brain of subjects with MS prior to the atrophic stage. First, metabolic and molecular imaging provide the opportunity to identify early subcellular changes associated with energy dysfunction, which is an assumed core mechanism of axonal degeneration in MS. Second, cerebral hypoperfusion has been observed throughout the entire clinical spectrum of the disorder but it remains an open question whether this serves as an alternative marker of reduced metabolic activity, or exists as an independent contributing process, mediated by endothelin-1 hyperexpression. Third, both metabolic and perfusion alterations may lead to repercussions at the level of network performance and structural connectivity, respectively assessable by functional and diffusion tensor imaging. Fourth and finally, elevated body fluid levels of neurofilaments are gaining interest as a biochemical mirror of axonal damage in a wide range of neurological conditions, with early rises in patients with MS appearing to be predictive of future brain atrophy. Conclusions Recent findings from the fields of advanced neuroradiology and neurochemistry provide the promising prospect of demonstrating degenerative brain pathology in patients with MS before atrophy has installed. Although the overall level of evidence on the presented topic is still preliminary, this Review may pave the way for further longitudinal and multimodal studies exploring the relationships between the abovementioned measures, possibly leading to novel insights in early disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Van Schependom
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,2Radiology Department Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kaat Guldolf
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Marie Béatrice D'hooghe
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Guy Nagels
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
| | - Miguel D'haeseleer
- 1Neurology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.,Nationaal Multiple Sclerose Centrum, Melsbroek, Belgium
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34
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Faissner S, Gold R. Progressive multiple sclerosis: latest therapeutic developments and future directions. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419878323. [PMID: 31598138 PMCID: PMC6764045 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419878323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the central nervous system leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. While the initial presentation is mostly characterized by a relapsing-remitting disease, patients often progress naturally after 10-15 years to a secondary-progressive disease course. Another 10-15% present with an initial, primary-progressive MS course. Pathogenic mechanisms possibly driving progression include continued compartmentalized inflammation by T- and B-lymphocytes and cells of innate immunity, oxidative stress, iron accumulation, and consecutive mitochondrial damage, altogether leading to neurodegeneration with accumulation of disability. Increasing knowledge about pathogenic mechanisms involved in progressive MS helps to design more specific and precise therapeutic approaches. Successful examples are the B-cell targeting monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab, effective in primary progressive MS, and the sphingosine-1-receptor modulator siponimod, effective in active forms of secondary-progressive MS. Apart from that, other medications such as the B-cell targeted antibody ofatumumab, cladribine due to T- and B-cell depletion, and other sphingosine-1-receptor modulators such as ozanimod and ponesimod are under development. Moreover, some therapeutic approaches in preclinical stages are under development. In this review, we will summarize the newest therapeutic development in the field of progressive MS of the last 3 years, and shed light on auspicious substances with similar mechanisms and new developments in the therapeutic pipeline, presumably supporting a bright future for progressive MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital,
Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, Bochum, 44791, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital,
Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, Bochum, 44791, Germany
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35
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Faissner S, Plemel JR, Gold R, Yong VW. Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:905-922. [PMID: 31399729 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that involves demyelination and axonal degeneration. Although substantial progress has been made in drug development for relapsing-remitting MS, treatment of the progressive forms of the disease, which are characterized clinically by the accumulation of disability in the absence of relapses, remains unsatisfactory. This unmet clinical need is related to the complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in MS progression. Chronic inflammation, which occurs behind a closed blood-brain barrier with activation of microglia and continued involvement of T cells and B cells, is a hallmark pathophysiological feature. Inflammation can enhance mitochondrial damage in neurons, which, consequently, develop an energy deficit, further reducing axonal health. The growth-inhibitory and inflammatory environment of lesions also impairs remyelination, a repair process that might protect axons from degeneration. Moreover, neurodegeneration is accelerated by the altered expression of ion channels on denuded axons. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of these disease mechanisms and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies based on these insights, including those targeting the neuroinflammatory and degenerative aspects as well as remyelination-promoting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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36
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Cristofori-Armstrong B, Saez NJ, Chassagnon IR, King GF, Rash LD. The modulation of acid-sensing ion channel 1 by PcTx1 is pH-, subtype- and species-dependent: Importance of interactions at the channel subunit interface and potential for engineering selective analogues. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:381-390. [PMID: 30849303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are primary acid sensors in the mammalian nervous system that are activated by protons under conditions of local acidosis. They have been implicated in a range of pathologies including ischemic stroke (ASIC1a subtype) and peripheral pain (ASIC1b and ASIC3). Although the spider venom peptide PcTx1 is the best-studied ASIC modulator and is neuroprotective in rodent models of ischemic stroke, little experimental work has been done to examine its molecular interaction with human ASIC1a or the off-target ASIC1b. The complementary face of the acidic pocket binding site of PcTx1 is where these channels differ in sequence. We show here that although PcTx1 is 10-fold less potent at human ASIC1a than the rat channel, the apparent affinity for the two channels is comparable. We examined the pharmacophore of PcTx1 for human ASIC1a and rat ASIC1b, and show that inhibitory and stimulatory effects at each ASIC1 variant is driven mostly by a shared set of core peptide pharmacophore residues that bind to the thumb domain, while peptide residues that interact with the complementary face of the biding site underlie species and subtype-dependent differences in activity that may allow manipulation of ASIC1 variant selectivity. Finally, the stimulatory effect of PcTx1 on rat ASIC1a when applied under mildly alkaline pH correlates with low receptor occupancy. These new insights into the interactions between PcTx1 with ASIC1 subtypes demonstrates the complexity of its mechanism of action, and highlights important implications to consider when using PcTx1 as a pharmacological tool to study ASIC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Cristofori-Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Natalie J Saez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Irène R Chassagnon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan D Rash
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Fazia T, Pastorino R, Notartomaso S, Busceti C, Imbriglio T, Cannella M, Gentilini D, Morani G, Ticca A, Bitti P, Berzuini C, Dalmay T, Battaglia G, Bernardinelli L. Acid sensing ion channel 2: A new potential player in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1233-1243. [PMID: 30549327 PMCID: PMC6618268 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton‐gated channels involved in multiple biological functions such as: pain modulation, mechanosensation, neurotransmission, and neurodegeneration. Earlier, we described the genetic association, within the Nuoro population, between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and rs28936, located in ASIC2 3′UTR. Here we investigated the potential involvement of ASIC2 in MS inflammatory process. We induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in wild‐type (WT), knockout Asic1−/− and Asic2−/− mice and observed a significant reduction of clinical score in Asic1−/− mice and a significant reduction in the clinical score in Asic2−/− mice in a limited time window (i.e., at days 20–23 after immunization). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the reduction in adaptive immune cell infiltrates in the spinal cord of EAE Asic1−/− mice. Analysis of mechanical allodynia, showed a significant higher pain threshold in Asic2−/− mice under physiological conditions, before immunization, as compared to WT mice and Asic1−/−. A significant reduction in pain threshold was observed in all three strains of mice after immunization. More importantly, analysis of human autoptic brain tissue in MS and control samples showed an increase of ASIC2 mRNA in MS samples. Subsequently, in vitro luciferase reporter gene assays, showed that ASIC2 expression is under possible miRNA regulation, in a rs28936 allele‐specific manner. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role of ASIC2 in the pathophysiology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fazia
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Imbriglio
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Unità di Bioinformatica e Statistica Genomica, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Morani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Ticca
- Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, ASSL Nuoro, Neurologia e Stroke Unit, Ospedale "San Francesco", Nuoro, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Bitti
- Azienda Tutela Salute Sardegna, ASSL Nuoro, Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Ospedale "San Francesco", Nuoro, Italy
| | - Carlo Berzuini
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamas Dalmay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Luisa Bernardinelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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38
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Huhn K, Engelhorn T, Linker RA, Nagel AM. Potential of Sodium MRI as a Biomarker for Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:84. [PMID: 30804885 PMCID: PMC6378293 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental and ex vivo studies indicate that pathologic intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation may play a pivotal role in inflammatory as well as neurodegenerative processes. Yet, in vivo assessment of sodium in the microenvironment is hard to achieve. Here, sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23NaMRI) with its non-invasive properties offers a unique opportunity to further elucidate the effects of sodium disequilibrium in MS pathology in vivo in addition to regular proton based MRI. However, unfavorable physical properties and low in vivo concentrations of sodium ions resulting in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) as well as low spatial resolution resulting in partial volume effects limited the application of 23NaMRI. With the recent advent of high-field MRI scanners and more sophisticated sodium MRI acquisition techniques enabling better resolution and higher SNR, 23NaMRI revived. These studies revealed pathologic total sodium concentrations in MS brains now even allowing for the (partial) differentiation of intra- and extracellular sodium accumulation. Within this review we (1) demonstrate the physical basis and imaging techniques of 23NaMRI and (2) analyze the present and future clinical application of 23NaMRI focusing on the field of MS thus highlighting its potential as biomarker for neuroinflammation and -degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhorn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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LoPresti P. Silent Free Fall at Disease Onset: A Perspective on Therapeutics for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:973. [PMID: 30542317 PMCID: PMC6277889 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) degeneration occurs during multiple sclerosis (MS) following several years of reversible autoimmune demyelination. Progressive CNS degeneration appears later during the course of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), although it starts insidiously at disease onset. We propose that there is an early subclinical phase also for primary-progressive (PP) MS. Consensus exists that many different cell types are involved during disease onset. Furthermore, the response to the initial damage, which is specific for each individual, would result in distinct pathological pathways that add complexity to the disease and the mechanisms underlying progressive CNS degeneration. Progressive MS is classified as either active or not active, as well as with or without progression. Different forms of progressive MS might reflect distinct or overlapping pathogenetic pathways. Disease mechanisms should be determined for each patient at diagnosis and the time of treatment. Until individualized and time-sensitive treatments that specifically target the molecular mechanisms of the progressive aspect of the disease are identified, combined therapies directed at anti-inflammation, regeneration, and neuroprotection are the most effective for preventing MS progression. This review presents selected therapeutics in support of the overall idea of a multidimensional therapy applied early in the disease. This approach could limit damage and increase CNS repair. By targeting several cellular populations (i.e., microglia, astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, and lymphocytes) and multiple pathological processes (e.g., inflammation, demyelination, synaptopathy, and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance) progressive MS could be attenuated. Early timing for such multidimensional therapy is proposed as the prerequisite for effectively halting progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia LoPresti
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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40
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Connick P, De Angelis F, Parker RA, Plantone D, Doshi A, John N, Stutters J, MacManus D, Prados Carrasco F, Barkhof F, Ourselin S, Braisher M, Ross M, Cranswick G, Pavitt SH, Giovannoni G, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Hawkins C, Sharrack B, Bastow R, Weir CJ, Stallard N, Chandran S, Chataway J. Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial (MS-SMART): a multiarm phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021944. [PMID: 30166303 PMCID: PMC6119433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The major unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) is for neuroprotective therapies that can slow (or ideally stop) the rate of disease progression. The UK MS Society Clinical Trials Network (CTN) was initiated in 2007 with the purpose of developing a national, efficient, multiarm trial of repurposed drugs. Key underpinning work was commissioned by the CTN to inform the design, outcome selection and drug choice including animal models and a systematic review. This identified seven leading oral agents for repurposing as neuroprotective therapies in secondary progressive MS (SPMS). The purpose of the Multiple Sclerosis-Secondary Progressive Multi-Arm Randomisation Trial (MS-SMART) will be to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of three of these drugs, selected with distinct mechanistic actions and previous evidence of likely efficacy, against a common placebo arm. The interventions chosen were: amiloride (acid-sensing ion channel antagonist); fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and riluzole (glutamate antagonist). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients with progressing SPMS will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to amiloride, fluoxetine, riluzole or matched placebo and followed for 96 weeks. The primary outcome will be the percentage brain volume change (PBVC) between baseline and 96 weeks, derived from structural MR brain imaging data using the Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalisation, of Atrophy method. With a sample size of 90 per arm, this will give 90% power to detect a 40% reduction in PBVC in any active arm compared with placebo and 80% power to detect a 35% reduction (analysing by analysis of covariance and with adjustment for multiple comparisons of three 1.67% two-sided tests), giving a 5% overall two-sided significance level. MS-SMART is not powered to detect differences between the three active treatment arms. Allowing for a 20% dropout rate, 110 patients per arm will be randomised. The study will take place at Neuroscience centres in England and Scotland. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION MS-SMART was approved by the Scotland A Research Ethics Committee on 13 January 2013 (REC reference: 13/SS/0007). Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01910259; 2012-005394-31; ISRCTN28440672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Connick
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Floriana De Angelis
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Domenico Plantone
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anisha Doshi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nevin John
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Stutters
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David MacManus
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ferran Prados Carrasco
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Translational Imaging Group (TIG), Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Translational Imaging Group (TIG), Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), UCL, London, UK
| | - Marie Braisher
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Moira Ross
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gina Cranswick
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue H Pavitt
- Dental Translational and Clinical Research Unit (part of the NIHR Leeds CRF), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Angela Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Brain MRI 3T Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clive Hawkins
- Keele Medical School and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neuroscience, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Weir
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Stallard
- Statistics and Epidemiology, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Chataway
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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41
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Pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:230-246. [PMID: 30086289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral edema (CE) and resultant intracranial hypertension are associated with unfavorable prognosis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). CE is a leading cause of in-hospital mortality, occurring in >60% of patients with mass lesions, and ∼15% of those with normal initial computed tomography scans. After treatment of mass lesions in severe TBI, an important focus of acute neurocritical care is evaluating and managing the secondary injury process of CE and resultant intracranial hypertension. This review focuses on a contemporary understanding of various pathophysiologic pathways contributing to CE, with a subsequent description of potential targeted therapies. There is a discussion of identified cellular/cytotoxic contributors to CE, as well as mechanisms that influence blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption/vasogenic edema, with the caveat that this distinction may be somewhat artificial since molecular processes contributing to these pathways are interrelated. While an exhaustive discussion of all pathways with putative contributions to CE is beyond the scope of this review, the roles of some key contributors are highlighted, and references are provided for further details. Potential future molecular targets for treating CE are presented based on pathophysiologic mechanisms. We thus aim to provide a translational synopsis of present and future strategies targeting CE after TBI in the context of a paradigm shift towards precision medicine. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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42
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Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: Challenges and promising perspectives. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2018; 174:441-448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2018.01.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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De Angelis F, Plantone D, Chataway J. Pharmacotherapy in Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview. CNS Drugs 2018; 32:499-526. [PMID: 29968175 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterised by demyelination, neuroaxonal loss and a heterogeneous clinical course. Multiple sclerosis presents with different phenotypes, most commonly a relapsing-remitting course and, less frequently, a progressive accumulation of disability from disease onset (primary progressive multiple sclerosis). The majority of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, after a variable time, switch to a stage characterised by gradual neurological worsening known as secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We have a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis, and it is believed that multiple genetic, environmental and endogenous factors are elements driving inflammation and ultimately neurodegeneration. Axonal loss and grey matter damage have been regarded as amongst the leading causes of irreversible neurological disability in the progressive stages. There are over a dozen disease-modifying therapies currently licenced for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, but none of these has provided evidence of effectiveness in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Recently, there has been some early modest success with siponimod in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and ocrelizumab in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Finding treatments to delay or prevent the courses of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is an unmet and essential goal of the research in multiple sclerosis. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding drugs with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective or regenerative properties and possible treatment strategies for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We examine the field broadly to include trials where participants have progressive or relapsing phenotypes. We summarise the most relevant results from newer investigations from phase II and III randomised controlled trials over the past decade, with particular attention to the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana De Angelis
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Domenico Plantone
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
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Durães F, Pinto M, Sousa E. Old Drugs as New Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11020044. [PMID: 29751602 PMCID: PMC6027455 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in number, given that the general global population is becoming older. They manifest themselves through mechanisms that are not fully understood, in many cases, and impair memory, cognition and movement. Currently, no neurodegenerative disease is curable, and the treatments available only manage the symptoms or halt the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new treatments for this kind of disease, since the World Health Organization has predicted that neurodegenerative diseases affecting motor function will become the second-most prevalent cause of death in the next 20 years. New therapies can come from three main sources: synthesis, natural products, and existing drugs. This last source is known as drug repurposing, which is the most advantageous, since the drug’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are already established, and the investment put into this strategy is not as significant as for the classic development of new drugs. There have been several studies on the potential of old drugs for the most relevant neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Durães
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos P, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Chen X, Sun X, Wang Z, Zhou X, Xu L, Li F, Zhang X, Pan J, Qi L, Qian H, Mao Z. Involvement of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in gastric carcinoma cell migration and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:440-446. [PMID: 29584803 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic microenvironment, particularly acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), has been reported to promote carcinoma cell proliferation as well as migration. In this study, we explored the effect of ASIC1a on migration and invasion of gastric carcinoma (GC). ASIC1a expression levels were examined in paired GC and adjacent normal tissues from 16 patients by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were conducted to assess the ASIC1a expression levels in the GC cell line AGS after transfection with ASIC1a small hairpin RNA (shRNA). Wound healing and transwell invasion assays were utilized to detect metastasis and invasion following ASIC1a silencing. Tumor formation was used to detect the role of ASIC1a in tumorigenicity in vivo. It was found that ASIC1a expression level was significantly higher in GC tissues showing postoperative metastasis compared with non-metastasis and non-tumor tissues. Moreover, silencing of ASIC1a with shRNA significantly down-regulated ASIC1a expression and reduced GC cell migration and invasion. A moderately acidic extracellular environment inhibited GC cell viability. Furthermore, ASIC1a shRNA caused inhibition of tumorigenicity in vivo. Our study is the first report of attenuating the malignant phenotype of GC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing ASIC1a, and suggests a novel approach to study the relationship between ASICs and GC cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Feng'e Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingding Zhang
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ji'an Pan
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haixin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhongqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Narayan RN, Forsthuber T, Stüve O. Emerging drugs for primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:97-110. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1463370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Narendra Narayan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Olaf Stüve
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Lehmke L, Coburn M, Möller M, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Lenzig P, Wiemuth D, Gründer S. Inhalational anesthetics accelerate desensitization of acid-sensing ion channels. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:496-505. [PMID: 29627444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal Na+ channels that are activated by extracellular acidification. Inhibiting ASICs is neuroprotective in mouse models of ischemic stroke. As inhalational anesthetics interact with many ion channels and as some of them have neuroprotective effects, we hypothesized that inhalational anesthetics modulate ASICs. We expressed different homo- and heteromeric ASICs heterologously in Xenopus oocytes. We co-applied with acidic pH the halogenated inhalational anesthetics sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane and the noble gases xenon and argon at concentrations that are roughly equivalent to their minimal alveolar concentrations and analyzed their effect on current kinetics and amplitude. Sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane as well as xenon and argon accelerated by a factor of ∼1.5 channel desensitization of the main ASICs of the central nervous system: homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2a and ASIC1a/2b. Moreover, they decreased current amplitudes by ∼25%. For example, isoflurane accelerated desensitization of homomeric ASIC1a from 1.0 ± 0.4 s (mean ± SD) to 0.6 ± 0.2 s (n = 12; p = 0.0003) and decreased current amplitudes from 12.1 ± 7.5 μA to 9.3 ± 5.6 μA (n = 12; p = 0.0009). While inhalational anesthetics had similar effects on homomeric ASIC3, desensitization of ASIC1b was only accelerated by halogenated anesthetics but not noble gases; desensitization of homomeric ASIC2a was not modulated. In summary, we found a significant modulation of ASICs by different inhalational anesthetics. We conclude that ASICs should be considered as relevant targets of inhalation anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lehmke
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manfred Möller
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Pia Lenzig
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wiemuth
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gründer
- Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of ion channels, consisting of four members; ASIC1 to 4. These channels are sensitive to changes in pH and are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems-including brain, spinal cord, and sensory ganglia. They have been implicated in a number of neurological conditions such as stroke and cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy, and more recently in migraine. Their expression within areas of interest in the brain in migraine, such as the hypothalamus and PAG, their demonstrated involvement in preclinical models of meningeal afferent signaling, and their role in cortical spreading depression (the electrophysiological correlate of migraine aura), has enhanced research interest into these channels as potential therapeutic targets in migraine. Migraine is a disorder with a paucity of both acute and preventive therapies available, in which at best 50% of patients respond to available medications, and these medications often have intolerable side effects. There is therefore a great need for therapeutic development for this disabling condition. This review will summarize the understanding of the structure and CNS expression of ASICs, the mechanisms for their potential role in nociception, recent work in migraine, and areas for future research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Karsan
- Headache Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9PJ, UK
| | - Eric B Gonzales
- TCU and UNTHSC School of Medicine (applicant for LCME accreditation), Department of Medical Education, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Gregory Dussor
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, BSB-14, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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49
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Gonzales EB, Sumien N. Acidity and Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in the Normal and Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:1137-1144. [PMID: 28211811 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease prevalence has reached epidemic proportion with very few treatment options, which are associated with a multitude of side effects. A potential avenue of research for new therapies are protons, and their associated receptor: acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC). Protons are often overlooked neurotransmitters, and proton-gated currents have been identified in the brain. Furthermore, ASICs have been determined to be crucial for proper brain function. While there is more work to be done, this review is intended to highlight protons as neurotransmitters and their role along with the role of ASICs within physiological functioning of the brain. We will also cover the pathophysiological associations between ASICs and modulators of ASICs. Finally, this review will sum up how the studies of protons, ASICs and their modulators may generate new therapeutic molecules for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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50
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McKee JB, Cottriall CL, Elston J, Epps S, Evangelou N, Gerry S, Kennard C, Kong Y, Koelewyn A, Kueker W, Leite MI, Palace J, Craner M. Amiloride does not protect retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in optic neuritis in a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler 2017; 25:246-255. [PMID: 29172994 DOI: 10.1177/1352458517742979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent basic and clinical evidence suggests amiloride may be neuroprotective in multiple sclerosis (MS) through the blockade of the acid sensing ion channel (ASIC). OBJECTIVE To examine the neuroprotective efficacy of amiloride in acute optic neuritis (ON). METHODS A total of 48 patients were recruited to a phase 2, double blind, single site, randomised controlled trial. Scanning laser polarimetry (GDx) at 6 months was the primary outcome measure and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual and electrophysiological measures were secondary outcome measures. Participants aged 18-55 years, ≤28 days of onset of first episode unilateral ON, were randomised to amiloride (10 mg daily for 5 months) or placebo ( clinicaltrials.gov , NCT 01802489). RESULTS Intention-to-treat (ITT) cohort consisted of 43 patients; 23 placebo and 20 amiloride. No significant drug-related adverse events occurred. No significant differences were found in GDx ( p = 0.840). Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were significantly prolonged in the amiloride group compared to placebo ( p = 0.004). All other secondary outcome measures showed no significant difference. Baseline analysis of OCT data demonstrated a significant pre-randomisation thinning of ganglion cell layer. CONCLUSION Amiloride has not demonstrated any neuroprotective benefit within this trial paradigm, but future neuroprotective trials in ON should target the window of opportunity to maximise potential neuroprotective benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B McKee
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK/The Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles L Cottriall
- The Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - John Elston
- The Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Epps
- Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nikos Evangelou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen Gerry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher Kennard
- Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yazhuo Kong
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK/Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Abigail Koelewyn
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wilhelm Kueker
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Isabel Leite
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Craner
- Division of Clinical Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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