1
|
Dragnev KH, Lubet RA, Miller MS, Sei S, Fox JT, You M. Primary Prevention and Interception Studies in RAS-Mutated Tumor Models Employing Small Molecules or Vaccines. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:549-560. [PMID: 37468135 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of RAS-mutated cancers is difficult, whereas prevention or interception (treatment before or in the presence of preinvasive lesions) preclinically has proven easier. In the A/J mouse lung model, where different carcinogens induce tumors with different KRAS mutations, glucocorticoids and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists are effective agents in prevention and interception studies, irrespective of specific KRAS mutations. In rat azoxymethane-induced colon tumors (45% KRAS mutations), cyclooxygenase 1/2 inhibitors and difluoromethylornithine are effective in preventing or intercepting KRAS-mutated or wild-type tumors. In two KRAS-mutant pancreatic models multiple COX 1/2 inhibitors are effective. Furthermore, combining a COX and an EGFR inhibitor prevented the development of virtually all pancreatic tumors in transgenic mice. In the N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced estrogen receptor-positive rat breast model (50% HRAS mutations) various selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, and RXR agonists are profoundly effective in prevention and interception of tumors with wild-type or mutant HRAS, while the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib preferentially inhibits HRAS-mutant breast tumors. Thus, many agents not known to specifically inhibit the RAS pathway, are effective in an organ specific manner in preventing or intercepting RAS-mutated tumors. Finally, we discuss an alternative prevention and interception approach, employing vaccines to target KRAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ming You
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng Y, Ma W, Li L, Zhuang G, Luo G, Zhou H, Hao W, Liu Y, Guo F, Tian M, Ruan X, Gao M, Zheng X. Identification and validation of eight estrogen-related genes for predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1668-1684. [PMID: 36917092 PMCID: PMC10042678 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in female, and estrogen can affect its progression. However, the targets and mechanisms of estrogen action in PTC remain unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between estrogen-related genes (ERGs) expression and prognosis in PTC, particularly neuropeptide U (NMU), and its important role in tumor progression. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) predominantly enriched in ERGs were identified between PTC and normal tissue. Then, we identified ERGs that contributed most to PTC prognosis, including Transducer of ERBB2 1 (TOB1), trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3 (PLAAT3), NMU, kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A), DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), tetraspanin 13 (TSPAN13), and carboxypeptidase E (CPE). In addition, we confirmed that NMU was highly expressed in PTC and explored the effect of NMU on PTC cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the proliferative capacity of PTC cells was significantly reduced with NMU knockdown. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) signaling pathway were significantly lower with NMU knockdown. These results suggest that ERGs, especially NMU, may be novel prognostic indicators in PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Weike Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Gaojian Zhuang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Weijing Hao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Mengran Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gamma-ray Irradiation of Rodent Diets Alters the Urinary Metabolome in Rats with Chemically Induced Mammary Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100976. [PMID: 36295878 PMCID: PMC9608802 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comparative, untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to compare urinary metabolite profiles of rats fed irradiated and non-irradiated diets. γ-Irradiated and non-irradiated NIH 7001 diet was given orally to animals beginning 5 days after exposure to the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and continued for 120 days. There was a 36% reduction in mammary tumor incidence in rats consuming the γ-irradiated diet, compared to rats receiving the non-irradiated form of the same diet. Urine samples from rats fed with γ-irradiated and non-irradiated diets were analyzed using nanoLC-MS/MS on a Q-TOF mass spectrometer, collecting positive and negative ion data. Data processing involved feature detection and alignment with MS-DIAL, normalization, mean-centering and Pareto scaling, and univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using MetaboAnalyst, and pathway analysis with Mummichog. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis and supervised Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis of both negative and positive ions revealed separation of the two groups. The top 25 metabolites from variable importance in projection scores >1 showed their contributions in discriminating urines the γ-irradiated diet fed group from non-irradiated control diet group. Consumption of the γ-irradiated diet led to alteration of several gut microbial metabolites such as phenylacetylglycine, indoxyl sulfate, kynurenic acid, hippurate and betaine in the urine. This study provides insights into metabolic changes in rat urine in response to a γ-irradiated diet which may be associated with mammary cancer prevention.
Collapse
|
4
|
Askar MA, El-Nashar HA, Al-Azzawi MA, Rahman SSA, Elshawi OE. Synergistic Effect of Quercetin Magnetite Nanoparticles and Targeted Radiotherapy in Treatment of Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER: BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 16:11782234221086728. [PMID: 35359610 PMCID: PMC8961357 DOI: 10.1177/11782234221086728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a potent cancer therapeutic agent present in fruits and vegetables. The pharmaceutical uses of quercetin are limited due to many problems associated with low solubility, bioavailability, permeability, and instability. In addition, the high doses of quercetin show toxic effects in clinical and experimental studies. Therefore, a new strategy is warranted to overcome these problems without the use of toxic doses. The iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as a drug delivery system. This study aimed to prepare quercetin-conjugated magnetite nanoparticles (QMNPs) using biological simple nanoprecipitation and mediated by fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Also, we initiated in vitro and in vivo studies to determine whether QMNPs might sensitize breast cancer to radiotherapy treatment. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles were studied. The results indicated that QMNPs were spherical in shape and 40 nm in diameter. The in vitro studies showed that the incubation of MCF-7, HePG-2, and A459 cancer cells with QMNPs for 24 h effectively inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 11, 77.5, and104 nmol/mL, respectively. The combination of QMNPs with irradiation (IR) potently blocked MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation and showed significant changes in the morphology of these cells as observed by bright-field inverted light microscopy. Focusing on the long-term toxicity of QMNPs (20 ml/kg), the assessment of hematological, hepatic, and renal markers indicated no toxic effect. Besides, QMNPs inhibited tumor growth and potently enhanced the lateral radiotherapy treatment in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced breast cancer in female white albino rats. These anticancer and radiosensitizing activities were ascribed to cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, immunomodulation, and efficiency through induction of apoptosis. In a conclusion, these observations suggest that the QMNPs combined with LRT could act as a potential targeted therapy in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Askar
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba As El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmood A Al-Azzawi
- Department of Pathological Analysis Techniques, College of Medical & Health Technologies, Ahl Al Bayt University, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sahar S Abdel Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omama E Elshawi
- Department of Health and Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hahm ER, Singh SV. Gene Expression Changes by Diallyl Trisulfide Administration in Chemically-induced Mammary Tumors in Rats. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:22-30. [PMID: 35419300 PMCID: PMC8984650 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of luminal-type MCF-7 xenograft growth in vivo. The present study was conducted to determine the preventive effect of DATS administration using an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat mammary tumor model, which shares molecular resemblance to luminal-type human breast cancers. The DATS administration (50 mg/kg body weight, 5 times/week) was safe, but did not reduce mammary tumor latency, incidence, burden or multiplicity. Therefore, we conducted RNA-seq analysis using mammary tumors from control and DATS-treated rats (n = 3 for each group) to gain insights into lack of mammary tumor prevention by this phytochemical. The gene ontology and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses of the RNA-seq data revealed upregulation of genes associated with ribosomes, translation, peptide biosynthetic/metabolic process, and oxidative phosphorylation but downregulation of genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinases. A total of 33 genes associated with ribosomes were significantly upregulated by DATS treatment, including RPL11 and RPS14. Western blotting confirmed upregulation of RPL11 and neurofascin protein expression in mammary tumors from DATS-treated rats when compared to controls. A statistically significant increase in protein level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 was also observed in tumors from DATS-treated rats when compared to controls. On the other hand, expression of complex I subunits NDUFV1 or NDUFS1 was not affected by DATS treatment. These results offer potential explanations for ineffectiveness of DATS in the chemically-induced rat mammary tumor model. Inhibitors of the proteins upregulated by DATS may be needed to improve chemopreventive efficacy of this phytochemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reich LA, Moerland JA, Leal AS, Zhang D, Carapellucci S, Lockwood B, Jurutka PW, Marshall PA, Wagner CE, Liby KT. The rexinoid V-125 reduces tumor growth in preclinical models of breast and lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:293. [PMID: 34997154 PMCID: PMC8742020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are ligands which activate retinoid X receptors (RXRs), regulating transcription of genes involved in cancer-relevant processes. Rexinoids have anti-neoplastic activity in multiple preclinical studies. Bexarotene, used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma, is the only FDA-approved rexinoid. Bexarotene has also been evaluated in clinical trials for lung and metastatic breast cancer, wherein subsets of patients responded despite advanced disease. By modifying structures of known rexinoids, we can improve potency and toxicity. We previously screened a series of novel rexinoids and selected V-125 as the lead based on performance in optimized in vitro assays. To validate our screening paradigm, we tested V-125 in clinically relevant mouse models of breast and lung cancer. V-125 significantly (p < 0.001) increased time to tumor development in the MMTV-Neu breast cancer model. Treatment of established mammary tumors with V-125 significantly (p < 0.05) increased overall survival. In the A/J lung cancer model, V-125 significantly (p < 0.01) decreased number, size, and burden of lung tumors. Although bexarotene elevated triglycerides and cholesterol in these models, V-125 demonstrated an improved safety profile. These studies provide evidence that our screening paradigm predicts novel rexinoid efficacy and suggest that V-125 could be developed into a new cancer therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey A Reich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jessica A Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ana S Leal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Beth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Pamela A Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Carl E Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, B430 Life Science Building, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar A, Lubet RA, Fox JT, Nelson WG, Seifried H, Grubbs CJ, Miller MS. Effects of High-Fructose Diet vs. Teklad Diet in the MNU-Induced Rat Mammary Cancer Model: Altered Tumorigenesis, Metabolomics and Tumor RNA Expression. JOURNAL OF OBESITY AND CHRONIC DISEASES 2021; 5:67-78. [PMID: 33834161 PMCID: PMC8026172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology, clinical and experimental animal studies suggest high fructose diets are detrimental to metabolic status and may contribute to tumor development. This due to increased obesity and metabolic syndrome, known risk factors for many types of cancer. We compared tumor development in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rats fed either a high (60%)-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD). Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 43 days of age (DOA) were fed a SD or HFD followed by administration of MNU at 50 DOA. Rats were palpated weekly and sacrificed at 190 DOA. MNU-treated rats on HFD exhibited decreased tumor latency and roughly a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity. RNA-Seq on frozen tumors (SD vs. HFD rats) showed altered expression of approximately 10% of genes (P < 0.05). When examined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, multiple highly significant pathways were identified including A) mechanisms of cancer, B) Wnt pathway, C) immune response (e.g., "Th1 and Th2 activation" and "antigen presentation") and D) LXR/RXR nuclear receptor. These generalized pathways were indirectly confirmed by alterations of various interrelated disease pathways (epithelial cancers, T cell numbers and apoptosis). In a second study, serum was collected from rats on the HFD or SD pre-MNU and at the time of sacrifice. Metabolomics revealed that the HFD yielded: A) increased levels of fructose, B) increases of various monoglycerols, C) reduced levels of various diacylglycerols and oxygenated inflammatory lipids (9 and 13 HODE and 12,13 DHOME) and D) increased levels of secondary bile acids (hyodeoxycholate and 6-oxolithocholate), which may reflect microbiome changes. These metabolomic changes, which are distinct from those on a high-fat diet, may prove relevant when examining individuals who consume higher levels of fructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Ronald A. Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD
| | - Jennifer T. Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD
| | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harold Seifried
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Clinton J. Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD,Correspondence to: Mark Steven Miller, Ph.D., Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, USA, Tel: +240-276-5004,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han H, Yang C, Zhang Y, Han C, Zhang G. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Mediates the Sprouted Axonogenesis of Breast Cancer in Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:515-526. [PMID: 33345997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nerve infiltration into the tumor is a common feature of the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms of axonogenesis in breast cancer remain unclear. We hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as nerve growth factor (NGF), is involved in the axonogenesis of breast cancer. A N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat model of breast cancer was used to explore the presence of axonogenesis in breast tumor and the involvement of VEGF, as well as NGF, in the axonogenesis of breast tumor. Nerve infiltration into the tumor was found in MNU-induced rat model of breast cancer including the sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers. Nerve density was increased following the growth of tumor. The sensory neurons innervating the thoracic and abdominal mammary tumors peaked at T5 to T6 and L1 to L2 dorsal root ganglions, respectively. Either VEGF receptor inhibitor or antibody against VEGF receptor 2, as well as NGF receptor inhibitor, apparently decreased both the nerve density and vascular density of breast tumor. The reduced nerve density was correlated with the decreased vascular density induced by these treatments. In cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 inhibitors significantly attenuated VEGF-induced neurite elongation. These findings provide direct evidence that VEGF, as well as NGF, may control the axonogenesis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Han
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shangha, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramirez-Expósito MJ, Martínez-Martos JM, Cantón-Habas V, Carrera-González MDP. Moderate Beer Consumption Modifies Tumoral Growth Parameters and Pyrrolidone Carboxypeptidase Type-I and Type-II Specific Activities in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Mammary Gland Axis in an Animal Model of Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2695-2707. [PMID: 33305601 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1856891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of moderate alcoholic and nonalcoholic beer consumption on tumoral growth parameters, the histopathology, pyrrolidone carboxypeptidase type I (Pcp I), and type II (Pcp II) specific activities in the hypothalamus-pituitary-mammary gland axis, and the circulating levels of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) induced mammary tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Food and drink intake, weight gain and tumor growth parameters were collected. The malignant phenotype of the tumor was performed using the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading method. Pcp specific activities were fluorometrically analyzed using pyroglutamyl-β-naphthylamide as substrate. Circulating steroid hormones were determined. RESULTS Differences were found in tumoral parameters, depending on the drink. Animals that were given alcohol-containing beer (A/C) beer to drink showed the lowest values of hypothalamic Pcp I, in association with the lowest levels of circulating E2. The significant decrease in Pcp I activity in all NMU-treated groups suggest a clear role of the Pcp I in the tumoral process, and A/C beer interferes with it. DISCUSSION Moderate consumption of alcoholic beer would have beneficial effects against mammary tumors through the modification of the endocrine status mediated by GnRH due to changes on Pcp I and II activities at different levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Ramirez-Expósito
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martínez-Martos
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental and Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba. IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Carrera-González
- Experimental and Clinical Physiopathology Research Group CTS-1039, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Cordoba. IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Long F, Lin H, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xiao H, Wang T. Atractylenolide-I Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598939. [PMID: 33363472 PMCID: PMC7753112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an essential sensor related to tumorigenesis, and overexpression of TLR4 in human tumors often correlates with poor prognosis. Atractylenolide-I (AT-I), a novel TLR4-antagonizing agent, is a major bioactive component from Rhizoma Atractylodes Macrocephalae. Emerging evidence suggests that AT-I exerts anti-tumor effects on various cancers such as colorectal cancer, bladder cancer and melanoma. Nevertheless, the effects of AT-I on mammary tumorigenesis remain unclear. Methods: In order to ascertain the correlation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway with breast cancer, the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in normal breast tissues and cancer tissues with different TNM-stages was detected by human tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry technology. The effects of AT-I on tumorigenesis were investigated by cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays in two breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), and N-Nitroso-N-methylurea induced rat breast cancer models were developed to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of AT-I in vivo. The possible underlying mechanisms were further explored by western blot and ELISA assays after a series of LPS treatment and TLR4 knockdown experiments. Results: We found that TLR4 and NF-κB were significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissues, and was correlated with advanced TNM-stages. AT-I could inhibit TLR4 mediated NF-κB signaling pathway and decrease NF-κB-regulated cytokines in breast cancer cells, thus inhibiting cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, AT-I could inhibit N-Nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary tumor progression through TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that TLR4 and NF-κB were over expressed in breast cancer, and AT-I could suppress tumorigenesis of breast cancer via inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Third People's Hospital and College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sertorio M, Nowrouzi A, Akbarpour M, Chetal K, Salomonis N, Brons S, Mascia A, Ionascu D, McCauley S, Kupneski T, Köthe A, Debus J, Perentesis JP, Abdollahi A, Zheng Y, Wells SI. Differential transcriptome response to proton versus X-ray radiation reveals novel candidate targets for combinatorial PT therapy in lymphoma. Radiother Oncol 2020; 155:293-303. [PMID: 33096164 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Knowledge of biological responses to proton therapy (PT) in comparison to X-ray remains in its infancy. Identification of PT specific molecular signals is an important opportunity for the discovery of biomarkers and synergistic drugs to advance clinical application. Since PT is used for the treatment of lymphoma, we report here transcriptomic responses of lymphoma cell lines to PT vs X-ray and identify potential therapeutic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two lymphoma cell lines of human (BL41) and murine (J3D) origin were irradiated by X-ray and PT. Differential transcriptome regulation was quantified by RNA sequencing for each radiation type at 12 hours post irradiation. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed deregulated molecular pathways and putative targets for lymphoma cell sensitization to PT. RESULTS Transcriptomic gene set enrichment analyses uncovered pathways that contribute to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and mitochondrial transport. Functional validation at multiple time points demonstrated increased UPR activation and decreased protein translation, perhaps due to increased oxidative stress and oxidative protein damage after PT. PPARgamma was identified as a potential regulator of the PT transcriptomic response. Inhibition of PPARgamma by two compounds, T0070907 and SR2595, sensitized lymphoma cells to PT. CONCLUSIONS Proton vs X-ray radiation leads to the transcriptional regulation of a specific subset of genes in line with diminished protein translation and UPR activation that may be due to oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that different radiation qualities trigger distinct cellular responses in lymphoma cells, and identifies PPARgamma inhibition as a potential strategy for the sensitization of lymphoma to PT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Sertorio
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Ali Nowrouzi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Mahdi Akbarpour
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany
| | - Anthony Mascia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dan Ionascu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Shelby McCauley
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Taylor Kupneski
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Andreas Köthe
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - John P Perentesis
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core Center, Clinical Cooperation Units (CCU) Translational Radiation Oncology and Radiation Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty (HDMF), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hahm ER, Kim SH, Singh KB, Singh K, Singh SV. A Comprehensive Review and Perspective on Anticancer Mechanisms of Withaferin A in Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:721-734. [PMID: 32727824 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (hereafter abbreviated as WA) is a promising anticancer steroidal lactone abundant in a medicinal plant (Withania somnifera) native to Asia. The root/leaf extract of Withania somnifera, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, continues to be included in the Ayurvedic medicine formulations of alternative medicine practice. Numerous chemicals are detectable in the root/leaf extract of Withania somnifera [e.g., withanolides (WA, withanone, withanolide A, etc.), alkaloids, sitoindosides, etc.], but the anticancer effect of this medicinal plant is largely attributed to WA. Anticancer effect of WA was initially reported in the early 70s in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell model in vitro Since then, numerous preclinical studies have been performed using cellular and animal models of different cancers including breast cancer to determine cancer therapeutic and chemopreventive effects of WA. Chemoprevention, a word first introduced by Dr. Michael B. Sporn, was intended to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis at its earliest stages with pharmacologic agents. This review succinctly summarizes the published findings on anticancer pharmacology of WA in breast cancer focusing on pharmacokinetic behavior, in vivo efficacy data in preclinical models in a therapeutic and chemoprevention settings, and its known effects on cancer-relevant cellular processes (e.g., growth arrest, apoptosis induction, autophagy, metabolic adaptation, immune function, etc.) and molecular targets (e.g., suppression of oncogenes such as estrogen receptor-α, STAT3, etc.). Potential gaps in knowledge as well as future research directions essential for clinical development of WA for chemoprevention and/or treatment of breast cancer are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamayani Singh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim SH, Hahm ER, Singh KB, Singh SV. Diallyl Trisulfide Inhibits Leptin-induced Oncogenic Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells but Fails to Prevent Chemically-induced Luminal-type Cancer in Rats. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:1-12. [PMID: 32266174 PMCID: PMC7113410 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated inhibitory effect of garlic component diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on growth of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated the effect of DATS on oncogenic signaling regulated by leptin, which plays an important role in breast carcinogenesis. Leptin-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 was inhibited significantly in the presence of DATS in MCF-7 (a luminal-type human breast cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (a basal-like human breast cancer cell line). Leptin-stimulated cell proliferation, clonogenic cell survival, and migration and/or invasion ability in MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cells were also suppressed by DATS treatment. DATS exposure resulted in inhibition of leptin-stimulated expression of protein and/or mRNA levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-2. Western blotting revealed a decrease in protein levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in breast cancer xenografts from DATS-treated mice when compared to controls in vivo. However, the incidence of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced luminal-type breast cancer development in rats was not affected by oral administration of 5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg DATS. The present study reveals that oncogenic signaling induced by leptin is inhibited in the presence of DATS but higher doses of this phytochemical may be required to achieve chemopreventive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lubet RA, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Fox JT, Moeinpour F, Juliana MM, Shoemaker RH, Grubbs CJ. Use of Biomarker Modulation in Normal Mammary Epithelium as a Correlate for Efficacy of Chemopreventive Agents Against Chemically Induced Cancers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:283-290. [PMID: 31871222 PMCID: PMC7060128 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In both estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) human breast cancer and in ER+/PR+ cancers in the methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat model, short-term modulation of proliferation in early cancers predicts preventive/therapeutic efficacy. We determined the effects of known effective/ineffective chemopreventive agents on proliferative index (PI) in both rat mammary epithelium and small cancers. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with MNU at 50 days of age. Five days later, the rats were treated with the individual compounds for a period of 14 days. At that time, normal mammary tissue from the inguinal gland area was surgically removed. After removal, the rats remained on the agents for an additional 5 months. This cancer prevention study confirmed our prior results of striking efficacy with tamoxifen, vorozole, Targretin, and gefitinib, and no efficacy with metformin, naproxen, and Lipitor. Employing a separate group of rats, the effects of short-term (7 days) drug exposure on small palpable cancers were examined. The PI in both small mammary cancers and in normal epithelium from control rats was >12%. In agreement with the cancer multiplicity data, tamoxifen, vorozole, gefitinib, and Targretin all strongly inhibited proliferation (>65%; P < 0.025) in the normal mammary epithelium. The ineffective agents metformin, naproxen, and Lipitor minimally affected PI. In the small cancers, tamoxifen, vorozole, and Targretin all reduced the PI, while metformin and Lipitor failed to do so. Thus, short-term changes in the PI in either normal mammary epithelium or small cancers correlated with long-term preventive efficacy in the MNU-induced rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Lubet
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Brandy M Heckman-Stoddard
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Fariba Moeinpour
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - M Margaret Juliana
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bojková B, Kajo K, Kubatka P, Solár P, Péč M, Adamkov M. Metformin and melatonin improve histopathological outcome of NMU-induced mammary tumors in rats. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:722-729. [PMID: 30642742 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous reports showed inhibition of carcinogenesis after metformin (MF) and melatonin (MEL) administration. However, most in vivo studies used standard diet type, with relatively low fat content. As increase in fat intake may have a considerable impact on malignant transformation, we evaluated the effects of these two substances in a model of mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet (10%). METHODS Mammary tumors were induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) in female rats of sensitive Sprague-Dawley strain. MF was administered in a diet (0.2%), MEL was administered in drinking water (20 mg/L). The chemoprevention was initiated 12 days prior to tumor initiation, both substances were administered through the termination of the experiment on 16th week after carcinogen application. Analysis of basic parameters of tumor growth, histopathological profile, and serum IGF-1 level were performed together with immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 (proliferation marker) and caspase-3 and BCL-2 (apoptosis markers) in mammary cancer cells. RESULTS Although neither tumor incidence nor frequency were changed after MF and/or MEL administration, MF and MEL decreased high-grade/low-grade (HG/LG) tumor ratio. MEL decreased proliferation in mammary cancer cells; positive correlations between histological grade and Ki67 expressions were found after single administration of both MF and MEL. Serum IGF-1 levels were reduced to the level of intact rats in all groups receiving chemoprevention. CONCLUSIONS MF and MEL administration did not inhibit growth of NMU-induced mammary tumors in rats in a significant manner but both substances ameliorated tumor histopathological profile. Surprisingly, combined treatment had no such effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárová 2, 041 54, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Karol Kajo
- St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Heydukova 10, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic; Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4C, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Péč
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Marián Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lubet RA, Beger RD, Miller MS, Luster J, Seifried HE, Grubbs CJ. Comparison of Effects of Diet on Mammary Cancer: Efficacy of Various Preventive Agents and Metabolomic Changes of Different Diets and Agents. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:831-840. [PMID: 30459210 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of diet, rats were placed on a standard diet (4% fat) or on a modified Western (high-fat diet, HFD) diet (21% fat) at 43 days of age (DOA) and administered methylnitrosourea (MNU) at 50 DOA. Rats were administered effective (tamoxifen, vorozole, and Targretin) or ineffective (metformin and Lipitor) chemopreventive agents either by daily gavage or in the diet beginning at 57 DOA and continuing until sacrifice (190 DOA). Latency period of the tumors was determined by palpation, and multiplicity and cancer weights per rat were determined at final sacrifice. Rats on the HFD versus standard diet had: (i) a 6% increase in final body weights; (ii) significant decreases in tumor latency; and (iii) significant increases in final tumor multiplicity and average tumor weight. Tamoxifen, vorozole, and Targretin were highly effective preventive agents, whereas Lipitor and metformin were ineffective in rats on either diet. Serum was collected at 78 DOA and at sacrifice (190 DOA), and metabolomics were determined to identify the metabolite changes due to diets and effective agents. Rats given the HFD had increased levels of saturated free fatty acids (including myristate) and decreased levels of 2-aminooctanoate. Furthermore, rats on the HFD diet had increased levels of 2-aminobutyrate and decreases in glycine markers previously identified as indicators of prediabetes. Targretin increased long-chain glycophospholipids (e.g., oleyl-linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine) and decreased primary bile acids (e.g., taurocholate). Tamoxifen increased palmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycophosphocholine and decreased stearoyl-arachidonyl glycophosphocholine. Finally, increased levels of methylated nucleotides (5-methylcytidine) and decreased levels of urea cycle metabolites (N-acetylcitrulline) were associated with the presence of mammary cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Lubet
- Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard D Beger
- Biomarkers and Alternative Models Branch, Division of Systems Biology, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Mark Steven Miller
- Chemoprevention Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John Luster
- Metabolon, Science Development Group, Washington, D.C
| | - Harold E Seifried
- Nutrition Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, Chemoprevention Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lubet RA, Steele VE, Shoemaker RH, Grubbs CJ. Screening of Chemopreventive Agents in Animal Models: Results on Reproducibility, Agents of a Given Class, and Agents Tested During Tumor Progression. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:595-606. [PMID: 30045934 PMCID: PMC6186395 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of the importance of testing reproducibility of results, we present our findings regarding screening agents in preclinical chemoprevention studies in rodent models performed by the Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group (CADRG) of the Division of Cancer Prevention of the NCI. These studies were performed via contracts to various commercial and academic laboratories. Primarily, results with positive agents are reported because positive agents may progress to the clinics. In testing reproducibility, a limited number of direct repeats of our standard screening assays were performed; which entailed initiating treatment shortly after carcinogen administration or in young transgenic mice and continuing treatment until the end of the study. However, three additional protocols were employed relating to reproducibility: (i) testing agents at lower doses to determine efficacy and reduced toxicity; (ii) testing agents later in tumor progression when microscopic lesions existed and, (iii) testing multiple agents of the same mechanistic class. Data with six models that were routinely employed are presented: MNU-induced ER-positive mammary cancer in rats; MMTV-Neu ER-negative mammary cancers in transgenic mice; AOM-induced colon tumors in rats; intestinal adenomas in Min mice; OH-BBN-induced invasive rat urinary bladder cancers in rats; and UV-induced skin squamous carcinomas in mice. It was found that strongly positive results were highly reproducible in the preclinical models evaluated. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 595-606. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Lubet
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lubet RA, Steele VE, Juliana MM, Bode A, Moeinpour F, Grubbs CJ. Daily or weekly dosing with EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and lapatinib, and AKt inhibitor MK2206 in mammary cancer models. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1545-1553. [PMID: 29565450 PMCID: PMC6072405 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily vs. weekly dosing with EGFR inhibitors (gefitinib and lapatinib) and an AKT inhibitor (MK2206) were compared in two rodent breast cancer models. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered methylnitrosourea (MNU) at 50 days of age, and gefitinib (daily/weekly dosing at 10/70 mg/kg BW) or lapatinib (daily/weekly dosing at 75/525 mg/kg BW) were administered by gavage beginning 5 days after MNU. For the prevention studies, weekly or daily dosing with gefitinib or lapatinib reduced cancer multiplicity >75%, and all treatments reduced tumor weights by >90%. For the therapeutic studies, MNU-treated rats were followed until small palpable mammary cancers developed. The rats were then treated daily or weekly as above for 6 weeks. Either daily or weekly dosing with lapatinib or gefitinib caused regression in >50% of the tumors. Immunohistochemistry biomarker studies in palpable mammary cancers following a weekly dose of gefitinib showed that 1 day (but not 7 days) after treatment, the levels of phosphorylated EGFR1 were significantly decreased. In an ER-negative (ER−) Neu-overexpressing model employing MMTV-Neu/P53KO mice, daily (100 mg/kg BW/day, 5 days each week), or weekly dosing (500 or 250 mg/kg BW) with gefitinib reduced tumor multiplicity 65, 85 and 75%, respectively. In the MNU prevention model, daily dosing (100 mg/kg BW/day) with the allosteric AKT inhibitor MK2206 was ineffective, while weekly dosing (700 mg/kg BW) reduced the final tumor weight >70%. Combining weekly MK2206 with the aromatase inhibitor vorozole (0.12 mg/kg BW/day) showed that each compound alone reduced tumor multiplicity 40–50%. The combination reduced cancer multiplicity ~70%. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of weekly dosing with various protein kinase inhibitors; raising the possibility of employing these agents in a breast cancer preventive setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Lubet
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - M M Juliana
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ann Bode
- Division of Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Resistance, University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Fariba Moeinpour
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Clinton J Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dany M. Sphingosine metabolism as a therapeutic target in cutaneous melanoma. Transl Res 2017; 185:1-12. [PMID: 28528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is by far the most aggressive type of skin cancer with a poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Understanding the mechanisms involved in melanoma pathogenesis, response, and resistance to treatment has gained a lot of attention worldwide. Recently, the role of sphingolipid metabolism has been studied in cutaneous melanoma. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipid effector molecules involved in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways such as inflammation, cancer cell proliferation, death, senescence, and metastasis. Recent studies suggest that sphingolipid metabolism impacts melanoma pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target. This review focuses on defining the role of sphingolipid metabolism in melanoma carcinogenesis, discussing sphingolipid-based therapeutic approaches, and highlighting the areas that require more extensive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dany
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jeong J, VanHouten JN, Kim W, Dann P, Sullivan C, Choi J, Sneddon WB, Friedman PA, Wysolmerski JJ. The scaffolding protein NHERF1 regulates the stability and activity of the tyrosine kinase HER2. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6555-6568. [PMID: 28235801 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the scaffolding protein sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) interacts with the calcium pump PMCA2 and the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB2/HER2 in normal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells. NHERF1 interacts with the PDZ-binding motif in PMCA2 in both normal and malignant breast cells. NHERF1 expression is increased in HER2-positive breast cancers and correlates with HER2-positive status in human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions and invasive breast cancers as well as with increased mortality in patients. NHERF1 is part of a multiprotein complex that includes PMCA2, HSP90, and HER2 within specific actin-rich and lipid raft-rich membrane signaling domains. Knocking down NHERF1 reduces PMCA2 and HER2 expression, inhibits HER2 signaling, dissociates HER2 from HSP90, and causes the internalization, ubiquitination, and degradation of HER2. These results demonstrate that NHERF1 acts with PMCA2 to regulate HER2 signaling and membrane retention in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Joshua N VanHouten
- From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Wonnam Kim
- From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Pamela Dann
- From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - W Bruce Sneddon
- the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Peter A Friedman
- the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and.,Department of Structural Biology,University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- From the Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Samanta SK, Sehrawat A, Kim SH, Hahm ER, Shuai Y, Roy R, Pore SK, Singh KB, Christner SM, Beumer JH, Davidson NE, Singh SV. Disease Subtype-Independent Biomarkers of Breast Cancer Chemoprevention by the Ayurvedic Medicine Phytochemical Withaferin A. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 109:2758643. [PMID: 28040797 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A nontoxic chemopreventive intervention efficacious against different subtypes of breast cancer is still a clinically unmet need. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of an Ayurvedic medicine phytochemical (Withaferin A, [WA]) for chemoprevention of breast cancer and to elucidate its mode of action. Methods Chemopreventive efficacy of WA (4 and 8 mg/kg body weight) was determined using a rat model of breast cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU; n = 14 for control group, n = 15 for 4 mg/kg group, and n = 18 for 8 mg/kg group). The mechanisms underlying breast cancer chemoprevention by WA were elucidated by immunoblotting, biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine profiling using plasma and tumors from the MNU-rat (n = 8-12 for control group, n = 7-11 for 4 mg/kg group, and n = 8-12 for 8 mg/kg group) and/or mouse mammary tumor virus-neu (MMTV-neu) models (n = 4-11 for control group and n = 4-21 for 4 mg/kg group). Inhibitory effect of WA on exit from mitosis and leptin-induced oncogenic signaling was determined using MCF-7 and/or MDA-MB-231 cells. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Incidence, multiplicity, and burden of breast cancer in rats were decreased by WA administration. For example, the tumor weight in the 8 mg/kg group was lower by about 68% compared with controls (8 mg/kg vs control, mean = 2.76 vs 8.59, difference = -5.83, 95% confidence interval of difference = -9.89 to -1.76, P = .004). Mitotic arrest and apoptosis induction were some common determinants of breast cancer chemoprevention by WA in the MNU-rat and MMTV-neu models. Cytokine profiling showed suppression of plasma leptin levels by WA in rats. WA inhibited leptin-induced oncogenic signaling in cultured breast cancer cells. Conclusions WA is a promising chemopreventative phytochemical with the ability to inhibit at least two different subtypes of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongli Shuai
- Department of Biostatistics.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Ruchi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | | | | | - Jan H Beumer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology.,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kim W, Wysolmerski JJ. Calcium-Sensing Receptor in Breast Physiology and Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:440. [PMID: 27746743 PMCID: PMC5043011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in normal breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cells. During lactation, activation of the CaSR in mammary epithelial cells increases calcium transport into milk and inhibits parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) secretion into milk and into the circulation. The ability to sense changes in extracellular calcium allows the lactating breast to actively participate in the regulation of systemic calcium and bone metabolism, and to coordinate calcium usage with calcium availability during milk production. Interestingly, as compared to normal breast cells, in breast cancer cells, the regulation of PTHrP secretion by the CaSR becomes rewired due to a switch in its G-protein usage such that activation of the CaSR increases instead of decreases PTHrP production. In normal cells the CaSR couples to Gαi to inhibit cAMP and PTHrP production, whereas in breast cancer cells, it couples to Gαs to stimulate cAMP and PTHrP production. Activation of the CaSR on breast cancer cells regulates breast cancer cell proliferation, death and migration, in part, by stimulating PTHrP production. In this article, we discuss the biology of the CaSR in the normal breast and in breast cancer, and review recent findings suggesting that the CaSR activates a nuclear pathway of PTHrP action that stimulates cellular proliferation and inhibits cell death, helping cancer cells adapt to elevated extracellular calcium levels. Understanding the diverse actions mediated by the CaSR may help us better understand lactation physiology, breast cancer progression and osteolytic bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim W, Takyar FM, Swan K, Jeong J, VanHouten J, Sullivan C, Dann P, Yu H, Fiaschi-Taesch N, Chang W, Wysolmerski J. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Promotes Breast Cancer by Stimulating Intracrine Actions of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5348-60. [PMID: 27450451 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) contributes to the development and metastatic progression of breast cancer by promoting hypercalcemia, tumor growth, and osteolytic bone metastases, but it is not known how PTHrP is upregulated in breast tumors. Here we report a central role in this process for the calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, which enables cellular responses to changes in extracellular calcium, through studies of CaSR-PTHrP interactions in the MMTV-PymT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer and in human breast cancer cells. CaSR activation stimulated PTHrP production by breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo Tissue-specific disruption of the casr gene in mammary epithelial cells in MMTV-PymT mice reduced tumor PTHrP expression and inhibited tumor cell proliferation and tumor outgrowth. CaSR signaling promoted the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines and tumor cells cultured from MMTV-PyMT mice. Further, CaSR activation inhibited cell death triggered by high extracellular concentrations of calcium. The actions of the CaSR appeared to be mediated by nuclear actions of PTHrP that decreased p27(kip1) levels and prevented nuclear accumulation of the proapoptotic factor apoptosis inducing factor. Taken together, our findings suggest that CaSR-PTHrP interactions might be a promising target for the development of therapeutic agents to limit tumor cell growth in bone metastases and in other microenvironments in which elevated calcium and/or PTHrP levels contribute to breast cancer progression. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5348-60. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Farzin M Takyar
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Karena Swan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Jaekwang Jeong
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Joshua VanHouten
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Catherine Sullivan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nathalie Fiaschi-Taesch
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Unit, San Francisco and Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng Y, Sriwiriyajan S, Tedasen A, Hiransai P, Graidist P. Anti-cancer effects of Piper nigrum via inducing multiple molecular signaling in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:87-95. [PMID: 27155135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper nigrum is widely used as a folk medicine including usage for pain relief, fevers, as well as an anti-cancer agent. However the crude extract of piperine free P. nigrum (PFPE), which inhibits breast cancer, and its mechanisms are still being kept secret. This research aims to elucidate the anti-cancer effects of PFPE and its mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-cancer effects of PFPE were investigated in N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced mammary tumorigenesis rats and breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and ZR-75-1. Furthermore, the cancer prevention effects of PFPE were investigated in rats. Western blotting was employed to study protein levels induced by PFPE. RESULTS PFPE was found to up-regulate p53, and down-regulate estrogen receptor (ER), E-cadherin (E-cad), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), c-Myc, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in breast cancer rats. Moreover, PFPE decreased protein levels of E-cad, c-Myc, and VEGF in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that PFPE can enhance breast cancer cell response to phytochemicals, then induce cell cycle arrest, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation resulting in tumor size decrease in the PFPE treated group. It further suggests that PFPE may suppress tumor cell invasion, migration, and angiogenesis. In addition, PFPE possessed cancer prevention effects through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to higher cancer cell cellular stress. CONCLUSIONS PFPE may possess anti-cancer and cancer prevention effects; hence, it deserves further investigation as a novel candidate for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, Yunnan 65900, PR China.
| | - Somchai Sriwiriyajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Aman Tedasen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Poonsit Hiransai
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Biology Research Unit, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
| | - Potchanapond Graidist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; The Excellent Research Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim HJ, Kang GJ, Kim EJ, Park MK, Byun HJ, Nam S, Lee H, Lee CH. Novel effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine on invasion of breast cancer: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-3 secretion leading to WNT activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1533-43. [PMID: 27216977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) participates in several cellular processes including metastasis. SPC induces keratin reorganization and regulates the viscoelasticity of metastatic cancer cells including PANC-1 cancer cells leading to enhanced migration and invasion. The role of SPC and the relevant mechanism in invasion of breast cell are as yet unknown. SPC dose-dependently induces invasion of breast cancer cells or breast immortalized cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses of MCF10A and ZR-75-1 cells indicated that SPC induces expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3). From online KMPLOT, relapse free survival is high in patients having low MMP3 expressed basal breast cancer (n=581, p=0.032). UK370106 (MMP3 inhibitor) or gene silencing of MMP3 markedly inhibited the SPC-induced invasion of MCF10A cells. An extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, PD98059, significantly suppressed the secretion and the gelatinolytic activity of MMP3, and invasion in MCF10A cells. Over-expression of ERK1 and ERK2 promoted both the expression and secretion of MMP3. In contrast, gene silencing of ERK1 and ERK2 attenuated the secretion of MMP3 in MCF10A cells. The effects of SPC-induced MMP3 secretion on β-catenin and TCF/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) promoter activity were examined since MMP3 indirectly activates canonical Wnt signaling. SPC induced translocation of β-catenin to nucleus and increased TCF/LEF promoter activity. These events were suppressed by UK370106 or PD98059. Wnt inhibitor, FH535 inhibited SPC-induced MMP3 secretion and invasion. Taken together, these results suggest that SPC induces MMP3 expression and secretion via ERK leading to Wnt activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeoung Jin Kang
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Life Sciences, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Sungnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bak MJ, Das Gupta S, Wahler J, Suh N. Role of dietary bioactive natural products in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:170-191. [PMID: 27016037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, including luminal-A and -B, is the most common type of breast cancer. Extended exposure to estrogen is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Both ER-dependent and ER-independent mechanisms have been implicated in estrogen-mediated carcinogenesis. The ER-dependent pathway involves cell growth and proliferation triggered by the binding of estrogen to the ER. The ER-independent mechanisms depend on the metabolism of estrogen to generate genotoxic metabolites, free radicals and reactive oxygen species to induce breast cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms that drive ER-positive breast cancer will help optimize targeted approaches to prevent or treat breast cancer. A growing emphasis is being placed on alternative medicine and dietary approaches toward the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Many natural products and bioactive compounds found in foods have been shown to inhibit breast carcinogenesis via inhibition of estrogen induced oxidative stress as well as ER signaling. This review summarizes the role of bioactive natural products that are involved in the prevention and treatment of estrogen-related and ER-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Bak
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joseph Wahler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
da Silva TL. Male breast cancer: Medical and psychological management in comparison to female breast cancer. A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrc.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
28
|
Ubillos L, Freire T, Berriel E, Chiribao ML, Chiale C, Festari MF, Medeiros A, Mazal D, Rondán M, Bollati-Fogolín M, Rabinovich GA, Robello C, Osinaga E. Trypanosoma cruzi extracts elicit protective immune response against chemically induced colon and mammary cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1719-31. [PMID: 26519949 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' disease, has anticancer effects mediated, at least in part, by parasite-derived products which inhibit growth of tumor cells. We investigated whether immunity to T. cruzi antigens could induce antitumor activity, using two rat models which reproduce human carcinogenesis: colon cancer induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and mammary cancer induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). We found that vaccination with T. cruzi epimastigote lysates strongly inhibits tumor development in both animal models. Rats immunized with T. cruzi antigens induce activation of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and splenocytes from these animals showed higher cytotoxic responses against tumors as compared to rats receiving adjuvant alone. Tumor-associated immune responses included increasing number of CD11b/c(+) His48(-) MHC II(+) cells corresponding to macrophages and/or dendritic cells, which exhibited augmented NADPH-oxidase activity. We also found that T. cruzi lysate vaccination developed antibodies specific for colon and mammary rat cancer cells, which were capable of mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies cross-reacted with human colon and breast cancer cell lines and recognized 41/60 (68%) colon cancer and 38/63 (60%) breast cancer samples in a series of 123 human tumors. Our results suggest that T. cruzi antigens can evoke an integrated antitumor response involving both the cellular and humoral components of the immune response and provide novel insights into the understanding of the intricate relationship between parasite infection and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ubillos
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Servicio de Oncología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Teresa Freire
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Edgardo Berriel
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay.,Clínica Quirúrgica 1, Hospital Pasteur, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Laura Chiribao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Chiale
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Florencia Festari
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel Mazal
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariella Rondán
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Robello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo Osinaga
- Departamento de Inmunobiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratorio de Glicobiología e Inmunología Tumoral, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ashrafi M, Bathaie SZ, Abroun S, Azizian M. Effect of Crocin on Cell Cycle Regulators in N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea-Induced Breast Cancer in Rats. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:684-91. [PMID: 26394119 PMCID: PMC4642822 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed the anticancer effect of crocin, a saffron carotenoid, in both breast and gastric cancers in animal models, but its mechanism of action is not clearly known, yet. In this study, the effect of crocin on cell cycle regulators is investigated. Female Wistar Albino rats were divided into two groups, with or without N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) injection. After tumor formation, each group of rats was divided into two subgroups, receiving crocin or vehicle only. After 5 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and the tumors were retained for pathologic investigation and determination of the parameters. Before crocin treatment, the tumor volumes were 13.27±3.77 and 12.37±1.88, but at the end of the experiment, they were 23.66±8.82 and 11.91±2.27 in the control and crocin-treated groups, respectively. Pathologic investigation indicated the adenocarcinoma induction by NMU. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed overexpression of cyclin D1 and p21(Cip1) in the NMU-induced breast tumors; however, the expression of both of them suppressed by crocin treatment. The previous studies indicated that crocin induces apoptosis in tumor tissue. In this study, we show that it also suppresses tumor growth and induces cell cycle arrest by downregulation of cyclin D1. In addition, crocin suppressed p21(Cip1) in a p53-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Ashrafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Azizian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sriwiriyajan S, Tedasen A, Lailerd N, Boonyaphiphat P, Nitiruangjarat A, Deng Y, Graidist P. Anticancer and Cancer Prevention Effects of Piperine-Free Piper nigrum Extract on N-nitrosomethylurea-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis in Rats. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 9:74-82. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
31
|
Mabasa L, Cho K, Choi WS, Crane CL, Cho K, Singh RK, Park CS. Suppression of Mammary Carcinogenesis Through Early Exposure to Dietary Lipotropes Occurs Primarily In Utero. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1276-82. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1087039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
32
|
Chang CC, Wu MJ, Yang JY, Camarillo IG, Chang CJ. Leptin-STAT3-G9a Signaling Promotes Obesity-Mediated Breast Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2375-2386. [PMID: 25840984 PMCID: PMC4694051 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to breast cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we report how leptin, an obesity-associated adipokine, regulates a transcriptional pathway to silence a genetic program of epithelial homeostasis in breast cancer stem-like cells (CSC) that promotes malignant progression. Using genome-wide ChIP-seq and RNA expression profiling, we defined a role for activated STAT3 and G9a histone methyltransferase in epigenetic silencing of miR-200c, which promotes the formation of breast CSCs defined by elevated cell surface levels of the leptin receptor (OBR(hi)). Inhibiting the STAT3/G9a pathway restored expression of miR-200c, which in turn reversed the CSC phenotype to a more differentiated epithelial phenotype. In a rat model of breast cancer driven by diet-induced obesity, STAT3 blockade suppressed the CSC-like OBR(hi) population and abrogated tumor progression. Together, our results show how targeting STAT3-G9a signaling regulates CSC plasticity during obesity-related breast cancer progression, suggesting a novel therapeutic paradigm to suppress CSC pools and limit breast malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ching Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Meng-Ju Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ignacio G. Camarillo
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thompson MD, Grubbs CJ, Bode AM, Reid JM, McGovern R, Bernard PS, Stijleman IJ, Green JE, Bennett C, Juliana MM, Moeinpour F, Steele VE, Lubet RA. Lack of effect of metformin on mammary carcinogenesis in nondiabetic rat and mouse models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:231-9. [PMID: 25681088 PMCID: PMC4355096 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0181-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that diabetics receiving the biguanide metformin, as compared with sulfonylureas or insulin, have a lower incidence of breast cancer. Metformin increases levels of activated AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and decreases circulating IGF-1; encouraging its potential use in both cancer prevention and therapeutic settings. In anticipation of clinical trials in nondiabetic women, the efficacy of metformin in nondiabetic rat and mouse mammary cancer models was evaluated. Metformin was administered by gavage or in the diet, at a human equivalent dose, in standard mammary cancer models: (i) methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) mammary cancers in rats, and (ii) MMTV-Neu/p53KO ER(-) (estrogen receptor-negative) mammary cancers in mice. In the MNU rat model, metformin dosing (150 or 50 mg/kg BW/d, by gavage) was ineffective in decreasing mammary cancer multiplicity, latency, or weight. Pharmacokinetic studies of metformin (150 mg/kg BW/d, by gavage) yielded plasma levels (Cmax and AUC) higher than humans taking 1.5 g/d. In rats bearing small palpable mammary cancers, short-term metformin (150 mg/kg BW/d) treatment increased levels of phospho-AMPK and phospho-p53 (Ser20), but failed to reduce Ki67 labeling or expression of proliferation-related genes. In the mouse model, dietary metformin (1,500 mg/kg diet) did not alter final cancer incidence, multiplicity, or weight. Metformin did not prevent mammary carcinogenesis in two mammary cancer models, raising questions about metformin efficacy in breast cancer in nondiabetic populations.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alkylating Agents/toxicity
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Metformin/pharmacokinetics
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Methylnitrosourea/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann M. Bode
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffery E. Green
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Christina Bennett
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD 20892
| | | | | | - Vernon E. Steele
- CARDG, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD 20892
| | - Ronald A. Lubet
- CARDG, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manservisi F, Gopalakrishnan K, Tibaldi E, Hysi A, Iezzi M, Lambertini L, Teitelbaum S, Chen J, Belpoggi F. Effect of maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction and mammary gland development in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 54:110-9. [PMID: 25554385 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine whether low doses of "endocrine disrupting chemicals" (EDCs) affect the development and proliferative activity of the mammary glands (MGs). Adult parous/nulliparous female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated from post-natal day (PND) 1 until PND 180 with diethylphthalate (DEP), methylparaben (MPB), triclosan (TCS) and a mixture at doses comparable to human exposure. The doses (mg/kg b.w./day) were: DEP=0.173; MPB=0.105; TCS=0.05. EDC treatment resulted in mortality rates >20% in pups as early as lactation day 7. Significant morphological/histological changes were observed at the end of lactation in the MGs of EDC-treated dams. The total transcriptome profile as well as lactation-related genes in MGs also corroborate the morphological findings as more profound gene expression changes are present only at the weaning period. The study highlights the heightened sensitivity of the MGs during critical windows of exposure, particularly pregnancy and lactation, with an impact on pups' survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy(1).
| | - Kalpana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Eva Tibaldi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy(1)
| | - Albana Hysi
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory Aging Research Center (CeSI), G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory Aging Research Center (CeSI), G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Susan Teitelbaum
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy(1).
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kinoshita Y, Yoshizawa K, Emoto Y, Yuki M, Yuri T, Shikata N, Tsubura A. Similarity of GATA-3 Expression between Rat and Human Mammary Glands. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:159-62. [PMID: 25352719 PMCID: PMC4110942 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The GATA family members are zinc finger transcription factors involved in cell differentiation and proliferation. In particular, GATA-3 is necessary for mammary gland maturation and is a useful marker in the characterization of mammary carcinoma in humans. The expression of GATA-3 protein in normal mammary glands, fibroadenomas and carcinomas was immunohistochemically compared in female rats and humans. In normal mammary glands of rats and humans, scattered luminal cells in the acini and whole ductal epithelial cells were positive for GATA-3 in the nuclei. No positive cells were detected in rat or human fibroadenomas. In rat and human mammary carcinomas, the nuclei of proliferating luminal-derived cancer cells expressed GATA-3. Therefore, GATA-3 protein is a candidate marker for mammary carcinoma in rats as well as humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kinoshita
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan ; Division of Pathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuko Emoto
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Michiko Yuki
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Takashi Yuri
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shikata
- Division of Pathology, Kansai Medical University Takii Hospital, 10-15 Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
| | - Airo Tsubura
- Department of Pathology II, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yankuzo HM, Emilia STS, Shaari R, Yaacob NS. Correlation of Tumour Response with Starting Tumour Size and Dose of Tamoxifen in an N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (NMU)-Induced Rat Mammary Cancer Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:6721-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
37
|
Mabasa L, Cho K, Walters MW, Bae S, Park CS. Maternal dietary canola oil suppresses growth of mammary carcinogenesis in female rat offspring. Nutr Cancer 2014; 65:695-701. [PMID: 23859037 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.789539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As suggested by rodent studies and studies using human breast cancer cells, dietary canola oil is linked with lower breast cancer risk. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal (pregnancy plus lactation) dietary canola oil on the susceptibility of female Sprague-Dawley rat offspring to mammary carcinogenesis. Although the control diet had 10% soybean oil, the treatment diet was formulated to contain 10% canola oil as a fat source. N-nitroso-N-methylurea was injected to induce mammary cancer in offspring. The offspring of canola-fed dams showed significantly decreased tumor multiplicity (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3, respectively; P = 0.04) and tumor volume (1232.5 ± 771.0 mm(3) vs. 6,302.5 ± 1,747.4 mm(3), respectively; P = 0.01), along with increased survival rate (87% vs. 47%, respectively; P = 0.01). In addition, the mRNA expression of development-related gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 was significantly higher in the lactating mammary tissues of the canola group dams and mammary tumor tissues of the offspring [2.5 ± 0.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.2, respectively (P = 0.01) and 0.98 ± 0.03 vs. 0.56 ± 0.15, respectively (P = 0.05)]. These results suggest a potential anticancer effect of maternal dietary canola oil and may be useful in devising prenatal nutritional strategies to reduce breast cancer risk in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mabasa
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Saminathan M, Rai RB, Dhama K, Jangir BL, Suresh S, Ranganath GJ, Sophia I, Karuppanas K, Barathiraj S, Gopalakris A. Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Fruit Juice on Antioxidant, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea(NMU) Induced Mammary Carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.109.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
39
|
Cho K, Choi WS, Crane CL, Park CS. Pubertal supplementation of lipotropes in female rats reduces mammary cancer risk by suppressing histone deacetylase 1. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1139-43. [PMID: 24276224 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The time from puberty to the first pregnancy is known to be important for a woman's life-time breast cancer risk. Recent studies suggest that epigenetic mechanisms may involve pubertal maturation processes, which can affect the risk of breast cancer in later life. Epigenetic alterations are related to lipotropes (methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12), which are methyl donors and cofactors. However, the effects of pubertal supplementation of lipotropes in breast cancer remain largely unknown. METHODS Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks, were divided into two groups and fed a normal control diet or a lipotrope-fortified diet formulated to provide five times basal levels of lipotropes during puberty. All rats were injected intraperitoneally with N-nitroso-N-methylurea at 50 days of age to induce mammary tumors. RESULTS Tumor multiplicity and tumor volume decreased significantly as a result of lipotrope supplementation. Interestingly, quantitative RT-PCR revealed significantly decreased expression of histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) genes in tumor tissues of the rats supplemented with lipotrope-fortified diet, suggesting that reduced risk of breast cancer can be attributed, at least in part, to decreased expression of these two genes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that supplementation of lipotrope-fortified diet during puberty suppresses tumor growth, potentially through down-regulating Hdac1 and Dnmt1 gene expression. Our findings suggest that pubertal methyl diet plays an important role in the etiology of breast cancer, and further studies are warranted to develop preventative strategies against breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyongshin Cho
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1300 Albrecht Avenue, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Identification of candidate B-lymphoma genes by cross-species gene expression profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76889. [PMID: 24130802 PMCID: PMC3793908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative genome-wide expression profiling of malignant tumor counterparts across the human-mouse species barrier has a successful track record as a gene discovery tool in liver, breast, lung, prostate and other cancers, but has been largely neglected in studies on neoplasms of mature B-lymphocytes such as diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). We used global gene expression profiles of DLBCL-like tumors that arose spontaneously in Myc-transgenic C57BL/6 mice as a phylogenetically conserved filter for analyzing the human DLBCL transcriptome. The human and mouse lymphomas were found to have 60 concordantly deregulated genes in common, including 8 genes that Cox hazard regression analysis associated with overall survival in a published landmark dataset of DLBCL. Genetic network analysis of the 60 genes followed by biological validation studies indicate FOXM1 as a candidate DLBCL and BL gene, supporting a number of studies contending that FOXM1 is a therapeutic target in mature B cell tumors. Our findings demonstrate the value of the “mouse filter” for genomic studies of human B-lineage neoplasms for which a vast knowledge base already exists.
Collapse
|
41
|
Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Doi K, Tani S, Ishikawa KI, Yamashita S, Ushijima T, Imai T, Shimada Y. Molecular characterization of cancer reveals interactions between ionizing radiation and chemicals on rat mammary carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1529-38. [PMID: 24105445 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although various mechanisms have been inferred for combinatorial actions of multiple carcinogens, these mechanisms have not been well demonstrated in experimental carcinogenesis models. We evaluated mammary carcinogenesis initiated by combined exposure to various doses of radiation and chemical carcinogens. Female rats at 7 weeks of age were γ-irradiated (0.2-2 Gy) and/or exposed to 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) (20 or 40 mg/kg, single intraperitoneal injection) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) (40 mg/kg/day by gavage for 10 days) and were observed until 50 weeks of age. The incidence of mammary carcinoma increased steadily as a function of radiation dose in the absence of chemicals; mathematical analysis supported an additive increase when radiation was combined with a chemical carcinogen, irrespective of the chemical species and its dose. Hras mutations were characteristic of carcinomas that developed after chemical carcinogen treatments and were overrepresented in carcinomas induced by the combination of radiation and MNU (but not PhIP), indicating an interaction of radiation and MNU at the level of initiation. The expression profiles of seven classifier genes, previously shown to distinguish two classes of rat mammary carcinomas, categorized almost all examined carcinomas that developed after individual or combined treatments with radiation (1 Gy) and chemicals as belonging to a single class; more comprehensive screening using microarrays and a separate test sample set failed to identify differences in gene expression profiles among these carcinomas. These results suggest that a complex, multilevel interaction underlies the combinatorial action of radiation and chemical carcinogens in the experimental model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan; Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu Y, You M, Ghazoui Z, Liu P, Vedell PT, Wen W, Bode AM, Grubbs CJ, Lubet RA. Concordant effects of aromatase inhibitors on gene expression in ER+ Rat and human mammary cancers and modulation of the proteins coded by these genes. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1151-61. [PMID: 24067424 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibitors are effective in therapy/prevention of estrogen receptor-positive (ER⁺) breast cancers. Rats bearing methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced ER⁺ mammary cancers were treated with the aromatase inhibitor vorozole (1.25 mg/kg BW/day) for five days. RNA expression showed 162 downregulated and 180 upregulated (P < 0.05 and fold change >1.5) genes. Genes modulated by vorozole were compared with published data from four clinical neoadjuvant trials using aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole or letrozole). More than 30 genes and multiple pathways exhibited synchronous changes in animal and human datasets. Cell-cycle genes related to chromosome condensation in prometaphase [anaphase-prometaphase complex (APC) pathway, including Aurora-A kinase, BUBR1B, TOP2, cyclin A, cyclin B CDC2, and TPX-2)] were downregulated in animal and human studies reflecting the strong antiproliferative effects of aromatase inhibitors. Comparisons of rat arrays with a cell culture study where estrogen was removed from MCF-7 cells showed decreased expression of E2F1-modulated genes as a major altered pathway. Alterations of the cell cycle and E2F-related genes were confirmed in a large independent set of human samples (81 pairs baseline and two weeks anastrozole treatment). Decreases in proliferation-related genes were confirmed at the protein level for cyclin A2, BuRB1, cdc2, Pttg, and TPX-2. Interestingly, the proteins downregulated in tumors were similarly downregulated in vorozole-treated normal rat mammary epithelium. Finally, decreased expression of known estrogen-responsive genes (including TFF, 1,3, progesterone receptor, etc.) were decreased in the animal model. These studies demonstrate that gene expression changes (pathways and individual genes) are similar in humans and the rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G-78-D Box 800, Birmingham, AL 35294.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Individual differences in pre-carcinogen cytokine and corticosterone concentrations and depressive-like behavior predict tumor onset in rats exposed to a carcinogen. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:800-7. [PMID: 23046826 PMCID: PMC3990229 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Individual variation in the susceptibility to chronic disease can be attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. Measures of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are predictive of survival outcomes after a chronic disease is diagnosed. However, determining biomarkers or "traits" that predict risk before chronic disease development remains elusive. In this study, natural individual variation in circulating cytokines, corticosterone, and depressive-like behaviors (using the Porsolt forced swim test) were measured in female rats before induction of mammary tumors using a chemical carcinogen (N-nitroso-N-methylurea). Early tumor onset was associated with relatively high (but within the physiologically typical range) circulating cytokine concentrations (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα) and depressive-like behavior and with relatively low corticosterone concentrations, all of which were assessed at baseline before carcinogen treatment. Multiple regression analyses indicated that IL-1β was primarily responsible for the variation in tumor onset when controlling for corticosterone concentration. These results suggest that the susceptibility to tumor initiation and/or growth may be related to individual differences in baseline immune and endocrine physiology and emotional tone present at the time of carcinogen exposure. Investigation of the mechanistic relevance of these individual differences may lead to prophylactic approaches to cancer treatment in the context of carcinogen exposure.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lubet RA, Szabo E, Iwata KK, Gill SC, Tucker C, Bode A, Steele VE, Juliana MM, Nicastro HL, Grubbs CJ. Effect of intermittent dosing regimens of erlotinib on methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:448-54. [PMID: 23531447 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitors are used in the therapy of lung and pancreatic cancers and effectively prevent cancers in multiple animal models. Although daily dosing with erlotinib is effective, weekly dosing may reduce toxicity and have advantages, particularly for prevention. We tested alternative dosing regimens for preventive/therapeutic efficacy in a rat mammary cancer model. For prevention, erlotinib was administered by gavage beginning 5 days after methylnitrosourea (MNU). For therapy and biomarker studies, rats with palpable mammary cancers were treated for six weeks or for six days, respectively. Experiment A, erlotinib (6 mg/kg body weight/day, intragastric): daily (7 times/week); one day on/one day off; and two days on/two days off. All regimens decreased tumor incidence, increased tumor latency, and decreased cancer multiplicity versus controls (P < 0.01). However, intermittent dosing was less effective than daily dosing (P < 0.05). Experiment B, erlotinib (6 mg/kg body weight/day) daily or two days on/two days off or one time per week at 42 mg/kg body weight. All regimens reduced cancer incidence and multiplicity versus controls (P < 0.01). Interestingly, daily and weekly dosing were equally effective (P > 0.5). Experiment C, erlotinib administered at 42 or 21 mg/kg body weight 1 time per week, decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity (P < 0.01). Erlotinib had a serum half-life of ≤ 8 hours and weekly treatment yielded effective serum levels for ≤ 48 hours. Daily or weekly treatment of cancer bearing rats reduced mammary tumor size 25% to 35%, whereas control cancers increased >250%. Levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were strongly decreased in rats treated daily/weekly with erlotinib. Thus, altering the dose of erlotinib retained most of its preventive and therapeutic efficacy, and based on prior clinical studies, is likely to reduce its toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald A Lubet
- National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Suite 2110, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dysregulation of pathways involved in the processing of cancer and microenvironment information in MCA + TPA transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:295-305. [PMID: 23519560 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The two-stage cell transformation assay is an in vitro model cell culture system to identify the ability of chemicals to act as initiators or promoters of cell transformation and also to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chemically induced morphological and neoplastic cell transformation. The global gene expression profiles of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) + 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells are not known. Therefore, we have investigated the global transcriptional profile of MCA + TPA-transformed C3H10T1/2 cells using an 8 × 60 k probe microarray. The study revealed a differential regulation of pathways and gene expressions. Multifold dysregulation was seen in pathways of cancer, phagosomal activity, and tumor cell microenvironment information processing systems, notably the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, actin cytoskeleton regulation, tight junction, axon guidance, and cell adhesion molecules. The genes FGF1, EIF4E1B, MAGI1, and GRIA3 showed upregulation; these encoded the pluripotent fibroblast growth factor, the translation initiation factor, the tight junction scaffolding protein, and the antiapoptotic as well as the enhancer of proliferation and migration, respectively. The genes CXCL7/CXCL5/CXCL12, H2DMB1, and HSPA1A showed downregulation; these encoded the chemotactic agent protein, the protein involved in MHC class II antigen processing/presentation or participating in cell adhesion/phagosomal activity/autoimmune disorder, and the chaperone protein stabilizing the existing as well as newly translated cytosolic/organelle proteins against aggregation, respectively. By loss or gain of function, these dysregulated genes apparently seem to reprogram cells for apoptosis or proliferation and support their transformation into the tumor cell phenotype. The observed molecular changes can be seen as molecular signatures of transformed cells and can be of use as objective evidences to C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation assay in investigations on the carcinogenic potential of chemicals and their mechanism of actions using in vitro carcinogenesis method.
Collapse
|
46
|
Selvam SP, Ogretmen B. Sphingosine kinase/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in cancer therapeutics and drug resistance. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:3-27. [PMID: 23563649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, roles of bioactive sphingolipids, specifically sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and 2 (SK2) and their product-sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-will be reviewed with respect to regulation of cancer growth, metastasis, chemotherapeutics, and drug resistance. Sphingolipids are known to be key bioeffector molecules that regulate cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell death. Sphingolipid molecules such as ceramide and S1P have been shown to control cancer cell death and proliferation, respectively. Roles of S1P have been described with respect to their intracellular and extracellular pro-survival and drug resistance functions mostly through S1P receptor (S1PR1-5) engagement. Identification of novel intracellular SK/S1P targets has broadened the existing complex regulatory roles of bioactive sphingolipids in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Thus, deciphering the biochemical and molecular regulation of SK/S1P/S1PR signaling could permit development of novel therapeutic interventions to improve cancer therapy and/or overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Panneer Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Vegh I, Grau M, Gracia M, Grande J, de la Torre P, Flores AI. Decidua mesenchymal stem cells migrated toward mammary tumors in vitro and in vivo affecting tumor growth and tumor development. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:8-16. [PMID: 23037810 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2012.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have affinity to tumor sites where they home, affecting their biology and growth. Previously, we have isolated mesenchymal cells from the decidua of the human placenta named as decidua-derived MSCs (DMSCs). The aims of the present study were to investigate the migration capacity of DMSCs in vitro, and in vivo in a preclinical model of mammary tumors induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). Additionally, we assessed the safety of DMSC administration in vivo and their effect on tumor growth. In vitro studies showed that DMSCs significantly migrate toward both, healthy human breast tissue and breast adenocarcinoma. Nevertheless, the effect on DMSC migration was significantly higher in the presence of tumor tissue. DMSCs also significantly migrated in vitro in the presence of NMU-mammary tumor homogenate when compared with control media alone. In vivo studies showed both migration and engraftment of DMSCs into NMU-induced tumors. Interestingly, DMSCs showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of primary tumors and in the development of new tumors. DMSCs did not affect the growth of secondary tumors, although secondary tumors appeared 2 weeks later, and the number of secondary tumors was lower in the DMSC-treated rats as compared with vehicle-treated rats. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing placental MSCs effect on tumor growth. In conclusion, DMSCs could serve as a therapeutic agent themselves and as a cellular vehicle of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Vegh
- Cancer Biology, Research Center, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aras U, Gandhi YA, Masso-Welch PA, Morris ME. Chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic effects of dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate in an N-methyl nitrosourea-induced breast cancer animal model. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 34:98-106. [PMID: 23138465 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a component of cruciferous vegetables, on the initiation and progression of cancer was investigated in a chemically induced estrogen-dependent breast cancer model. Breast cancer was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) by the administration of N-methyl nitrosourea (NMU). Animals were administered 50 or 150 µmol/kg oral PEITC and monitored for tumor appearance for 18 weeks. The PEITC treatment prolonged the tumor-free survival time and decreased the tumor incidence and multiplicity. The time to the first palpable tumor was prolonged from 69 days in the control, to 84 and 88 days in the 50 and 150 µmol/kg PEITC-treated groups. The tumor incidence in the control, 50 µmol/kg, and 150 µmol/kg PEITC-treated groups was 56.6%, 25.0% and 17.2%, while the tumor multiplicity was 1.03, 0.25 and 0.21, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) from the control, but there were no significant differences between the two dose levels. The intratumoral capillary density decreased from 4.21 ± 0.30 vessels per field in the controls to 2.46 ± 0.25 in the 50 µmol/kg and 2.36 ± 0.23 in the 150 µmol/kg PEITC-treated animals. These studies indicate that supplementation with PEITC prolongs the tumor-free survival, reduces tumor incidence and burden, and is chemoprotective in NMU-induced estrogen-dependent breast cancer in rats. For the first time, it is reported that PEITC has anti-angiogenic effects in a chemically induced breast cancer animal model, representing a potentially significant mechanism contributing to its chemopreventive activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Aras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214-8033, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cho K, Mabasa L, Bae S, Walters MW, Park CS. Maternal high-methyl diet suppresses mammary carcinogenesis in female rat offspring. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1106-1112. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
50
|
Shimizu Y, Luk H, Horio D, Miron P, Griswold M, Iglehart D, Hernandez B, Killeen J, ElShamy WM. BRCA1-IRIS overexpression promotes formation of aggressive breast cancers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34102. [PMID: 22511931 PMCID: PMC3325250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women with HER2+ or triple negative/basal-like (TN/BL) breast cancers succumb to their cancer rapidly due, in part to acquired Herceptin resistance and lack of TN/BL-targeted therapies. BRCA1-IRIS is a recently discovered, 1399 residue, BRCA1 locus alternative product, which while sharing 1365 residues with the full-length product of this tumor suppressor gene, BRCA1/p220, it has oncoprotein-like properties. Here, we examine whether BRCA1-IRIS is a valuable treatment target for HER2+ and/or TN/BL tumors. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunohistochemical staining of large cohort of human breast tumor samples using new monoclonal anti-BRCA1-IRIS antibody, followed by correlation of BRCA1-IRIS expression with that of AKT1, AKT2, p-AKT, survivin and BRCA1/p220, tumor status and age at diagnosis. Generation of subcutaneous tumors in SCID mice using human mammary epithelial (HME) cells overexpressing TERT/LT/BRCA1-IRIS, followed by comparing AKT, survivin, and BRCA1/p220 expression, tumor status and aggressiveness in these tumors to that in tumors developed using TERT/LT/RasV12-overexpressing HME cells. Induction of primary and invasive rat mammary tumors using the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU), followed by analysis of rat BRCA1-IRIS and ERα mRNA levels in these tumors. High BRCA1-IRIS expression was detected in the majority of human breast tumors analyzed, which was positively correlated with that of AKT1-, AKT2-, p-AKT-, survivin, but negatively with BRCA1/p220 expression. BRCA1-IRIS-positivity induced high-grade, early onset and metastatic HER2+ or TN/BL tumors. TERT/LT/BRCA1-IRIS overexpressing HME cells formed invasive subcutaneous tumors that express high AKT1, AKT2, p-AKT and vimentin, but no CK19, p63 or BRCA1/p220. NMU-induced primary and invasive rat breast cancers expressed high levels of rat BRCA1-IRIS mRNA but low levels of rat ERα mRNA. Conclusion/Significance BRCA1-IRIS overexpression triggers aggressive breast tumor formation, especially in patients with HER2+ or TN/BL subtypes. We propose that BRCA1-IRIS inhibition may be pursued as a novel therapeutic option to treat these aggressive breast tumor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wael M. ElShamy
- Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|