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Holmes-Hampton GP, Soni DK, Kumar VP, Biswas S, Wuddie K, Biswas R, Ghosh SP. Time- and sex-dependent delayed effects of acute radiation exposure manifest via miRNA dysregulation. iScience 2024; 27:108867. [PMID: 38318389 PMCID: PMC10838729 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effects of high-dose ionizing radiation on human health are well-known, but the influence of sex differences on the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE) remains unclear. Here, we conducted six-month animal experiments using escalating radiation doses (7-9 Gy) on male and female C57BL/6 mice. The results show that female mice exhibited greater resistance to radiation, showing increased survival at six months post-total body irradiation. LD50/30 (lethal dose expected to cause 50% lethality in 30 days) for female mice is 8.08 Gy, while for male mice it is 7.76 Gy. DEARE causes time- and sex-dependent dysregulation of microRNA expression, processing enzymes, and the HOTAIR regulatory pathway. Differential regulation of molecular patterns associated with growth, development, apoptosis, and cancer is also observed in male and female mice. These findings shed light on the molecular basis of age and sex differences in DEARE response and emphasize the importance of personalized medicine for mitigating radiation-induced injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Soni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 21045, USA
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kefale Wuddie
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Roopa Biswas
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 21045, USA
| | - Sanchita P. Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
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2
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Kuo HC, Daniel AR, Driver LM, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Histological assessment of intestinal injury by ionizing radiation. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 180:147-175. [PMID: 37890927 PMCID: PMC10755726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential risk of radiological terrorism and disasters, it is essential to develop plans to prepare for such events. In these hazardous scenarios, radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is one of the many manifestations that may happen after the organism is exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is critical to better understand how the intestinal tissues initiate and orchestrate regeneration following severe radiation injury. In this chapter, we aimed to provide several key considerations for researchers who utilize histological assessment to study radiation-induced intestinal injury. Rigor and reproducibility are critical in experimental design and can be achieved by maintaining proper radiation administration, maintaining consistency in sample collection, and selecting and using appropriate controls. We also provided technical details of histological preparation of the intestines with tips on dissecting, cleaning, fixing, and preserving. Step-by-step descriptions of both bundling and Swiss rolling are provided with discussion on how to choose between the two approaches. In the following section, we detailed several histological assessment methods and then provided suggestions on how to use histological assessment to study cellular dynamics in the small intestines. Finally, we touched on some non-histological assessments. We hope that the information provided in this chapter will contribute to the research society of radiation-induced intestinal injury with an ultimate goal of promoting the development of radiation countermeasures against the GI acute radiation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Andrea R Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lucy M Driver
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
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3
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Singh R, Heaps CL, Muthuchamy M, Deveau MA, Stewart RH, Laine GA, Dongaonkar RM. Dichotomous effects of in vivo and in vitro ionizing radiation exposure on lymphatic function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H155-H171. [PMID: 36459446 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00387.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
On the one hand, lymphatic dysfunction induces interstitial edema and inflammation. On the other hand, the formation of edema and inflammation induce lymphatic dysfunction. However, informed by the earlier reports of undetected apoptosis of irradiated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vivo, lymphatic vessels are commonly considered inconsequential to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced inflammatory injury to normal tissues. Primarily because of the lack of understanding of the acute effects of IR exposure on lymphatic function, acute edema and inflammation, common sequelae of IR exposure, have been ascribed solely to blood vessel damage. Therefore, in the present study, the lymphatic acute responses to IR exposure were quantified to evaluate the hypothesis that IR exposure impairs lymphatic pumping. Rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels were irradiated in vivo or in vitro, and changes in pumping were quantified in isolated vessels in vitro. Compared with sham-treated vessels, pumping was lowered in lymphatic vessels irradiated in vivo but increased in vessels irradiated in vitro. Furthermore, unlike in blood vessels, the acute effects of IR exposure in lymphatic vessels were not mediated by nitric oxide-dependent pathways in either in vivo or in vitro irradiated vessels. After cyclooxygenase blockade, pumping was partially restored in lymphatic vessels irradiated in vitro but not in vessels irradiated in vivo. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that lymphatic vessels are radiosensitive and LEC apoptosis alone may not account for all the effects of IR exposure on the lymphatic system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Earlier studies leading to the common belief that lymphatic vessels are radioresistant either did not characterize lymphatic pumping, deemed necessary for the resolution of edema and inflammation, or did it in vivo. By characterizing pumping in vitro, the present study, for the first time, demonstrated that lymphatic pumping was impaired in vessels irradiated in vivo and enhanced in vessels irradiated in vitro. Furthermore, the pathways implicated in ionizing radiation-induced blood vessel damage did not mediate lymphatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Singh
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | | | - Michael A Deveau
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Randolph H Stewart
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Glen A Laine
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ranjeet M Dongaonkar
- Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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4
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de Groot T, Ebert LK, Christensen BM, Andralojc K, Cheval L, Doucet A, Mao C, Baumgarten R, Low BE, Sandhoff R, Wiles MV, Deen PMT, Korstanje R. Identification of Acer2 as a First Susceptibility Gene for Lithium-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in Mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2322-2336. [PMID: 31558682 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lithium, mainstay treatment for bipolar disorder, causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and hypercalcemia in about 20% and 10% of patients, respectively, and may lead to acidosis. These adverse effects develop in only a subset of patients treated with lithium, suggesting genetic factors play a role. METHODS To identify susceptibility genes for lithium-induced adverse effects, we performed a genome-wide association study in mice, which develop such effects faster than humans. On day 8 and 10 after assigning female mice from 29 different inbred strains to normal chow or lithium diet (40 mmol/kg), we housed the animals for 48 hours in metabolic cages for urine collection. We also collected blood samples. RESULTS In 17 strains, lithium treatment significantly elevated urine production, whereas the other 12 strains were not affected. Increased urine production strongly correlated with lower urine osmolality and elevated water intake. Lithium caused acidosis only in one mouse strain, whereas hypercalcemia was found in four strains. Lithium effects on blood pH or ionized calcium did not correlate with effects on urine production. Using genome-wide association analyses, we identified eight gene-containing loci, including a locus containing Acer2, which encodes a ceramidase and is specifically expressed in the collecting duct. Knockout of Acer2 led to increased susceptibility for lithium-induced diabetes insipidus development. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that genome-wide association studies in mice can be used successfully to identify susceptibility genes for development of lithium-induced adverse effects. We identified Acer2 as a first susceptibility gene for lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theun de Groot
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine.,Departments of Physiology.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lena K Ebert
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine.,Departments of Physiology.,Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karolina Andralojc
- Molecular Biology.,Biochemistry, and.,Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S (Unité Mixte de Recherche en Sciences) 1138, Paris, France.,Physiology of Renal and Tubulopathies, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) ERL 8228, Cordeliers Research Center, INSERM, Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris Descartes University, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Doucet
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S (Unité Mixte de Recherche en Sciences) 1138, Paris, France
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | | | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; and.,Centre for Applied Sciences at Technical Universities (ZAFH)-Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Narendran N, Luzhna L, Kovalchuk O. Sex Difference of Radiation Response in Occupational and Accidental Exposure. Front Genet 2019; 10:260. [PMID: 31130979 PMCID: PMC6509159 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-established cause of deleterious effects on human health. Understanding the risks of radiation exposure is important for the development of protective measures and guidelines. Demographic factors such as age, sex, genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, and various other lifestyle factors influence the radiosensitivity of different subpopulations. Amongst these factors, the influence of sex differences on radiation sensitivity has been given very less attention. In fact, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has based its recommendations on a population average, rather than the data on the radiosensitivity of distinct subpopulations. In this study, we reviewed major human studies on the health risks of radiation exposure and showed that sex-related factors may potentially influence the long-term response to radiation exposure. Available data suggest that long-term radiosensitivity in women is higher than that in men who receive a comparable dose of radiation. The report on the biological effects of ionizing radiation (BEIR VII) published in 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences, United States emphasized that women may be at significantly greater risk of suffering and dying from radiation-induced cancer than men exposed to the same dose of radiation. We show that radiation effects are sex-specific, and long-term radiosensitivity in females is higher than that in males. We also discuss the radiation effects as a function of age. In the future, more systematic studies are needed to elucidate the sex differences in radiation responses across the life continuum - from preconception through childhood, adulthood, and old age - to ensure that boys and girls and men and women are equally protected across ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Narendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lidia Luzhna
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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6
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Bannister LA, Serran ML, Mantha RR. Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Does Not Induce an Adaptive Response for Micronucleus Induction in Mouse Splenocytes. Radiat Res 2015; 184:533-44. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14102.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Kocmarek AL, Ferguson MM, Danzmann RG. Comparison of growth-related traits and gene expression profiles between the offspring of neomale (XX) and normal male (XY) rainbow trout. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:229-243. [PMID: 25634055 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
All-female lines of fish are created by crossing sex reversed (XX genotype) males with normal females. All-female lines avoid the deleterious phenotypic effects that are typical of precocious maturation in males. To determine whether all-female and mixed sex populations of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) differ in performance, we compared the growth and gene expression profiles in progeny groups produced by crossing a XX male and a XY male to the same five females. Body weight and length were measured in the resulting all-female (XX) and mixed sex (XX/XY) offspring groups. Microarray experiments with liver and white muscle were used to determine if the gene expression profiles of large and small XX offspring differ from those in large and small XX/XY offspring. We detected no significant differences in body length and weight between offspring groups but XX offspring were significantly less variable in the value of these traits. A large number of upregulated genes were shared between the large XX and large XX/XY offspring; the small XX and small XX/XY offspring also shared similar expression profiles. No GO category differences were seen in the liver or between the large XX and large XX/XY offspring in the muscle. The greatest differences between the small XX and small XX/XY offspring were in the genes assigned to the "small molecule metabolic process" and "cellular metabolic process" GO level 3 categories. Similarly, genes within these categories as well as the category "macromolecule metabolic process" were more highly expressed in small compared to large XX fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Kocmarek
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada,
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8
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Lilo E, Wald-Altman S, Solmesky LJ, Ben Yaakov K, Gershoni-Emek N, Bulvik S, Kassis I, Karussis D, Perlson E, Weil M. Characterization of human sporadic ALS biomarkers in the familial ALS transgenic mSOD1(G93A) mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4720-5. [PMID: 23836781 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons. Although most cases of ALS are sporadic (sALS) and of unknown etiology, there are also inherited familial ALS (fALS) cases that share a phenotype similar to sALS pathological and clinical phenotype. In this study, we have identified two new potential genetic ALS biomarkers in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) obtained from sALS patients, namely the TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) and SLPI (secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor). Together with the previously discovered ones-CyFIP2 and RbBP9, we investigated whether these four potential ALS biomarkers may be differentially expressed in tissues obtained from mutant SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice, a model that is relevant for at least 20% of the fALS cases. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of brain, spinal cord and muscle tissues of the mSOD1(G93A) and controls at various time points during the progression of the neurological disease showed differential expression of the four identified biomarkers in correlation with (i) the tissue type, (ii) the stage of the disease and (iii) the gender of the animals, creating thus a novel spatiotemporal molecular signature of ALS. The biomarkers detected in the fALS animal model were homologous to those that were identified in hMSC of our sALS cases. These results support the possibility of a molecular link between sALS and fALS and may indicate common pathogenetic mechanisms involved in both types of ALS. Moreover, these results may pave the path for using the mSOD1(G93A) mouse model and these biomarkers as molecular beacons to evaluate the effects of novel drugs/treatments in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Lilo
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and
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9
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Shtrichman R, Germanguz I, Mandel R, Ziskind A, Nahor I, Safran M, Osenberg S, Sherf O, Rechavi G, Itskovitz-Eldor J. Altered A-to-I RNA editing in human embryogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41576. [PMID: 22859999 PMCID: PMC3409221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional events play an important role in human development. The question arises as to whether Adenosine to Inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, differs in human embryogenesis and in adulthood. We tested the editing of various target genes in coding (FLNA, BLCAP, CYFIP2) and non-coding sequences at their Alu elements (BRCA1, CARD11, RBBP9, MDM4, FNACC), as well as the transcriptional levels of the ADAR1 enzymes. This analysis was performed on five fetal and adult human tissues: brain, heart, liver, kidney, and spleen, as well as on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which represent the blastocyst stage in early human development. Our results show substantially greater editing activity for most adult tissue samples relative to fetal ones, in six of the eight genes tested. To test the effect of reduced A-to-I RNA editing activity in early human development we used human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model and tried to generate hESC clones that overexpress the ADAR1–p110 isoform. We were unable to achieve overexpression of ADAR1–p110 by either transfection or lentiviral infection, though we easily generated hESC clones that expressed the GFP transgene and overexpressed ADAR1-p110 in 293T cells and in primary human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Moreover, in contrast to the expected overexpression of ADAR1-p110 protein following its introduction into hESCs, the expression levels of this protein decreased dramatically 24–48 hr post infection. Similar results were obtained when we tried to overexpress ADAR1-p110 in pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. This suggests that ADAR1 protein is substantially regulated in undifferentiated pluripotent hESCs. Overall, our data suggest that A-to-I RNA editing plays a critical role during early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Shtrichman
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Igal Germanguz
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Mandel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anna Ziskind
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Nahor
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Safran
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Osenberg
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofra Sherf
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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10
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Yamamoto ML, Hafer K, Reliene R, Fleming S, Kelly O, Hacke K, Schiestl RH. Effects of 1 GeV/nucleon56Fe Particles on Longevity, Carcinogenesis and Neuromotor Ability inAtm-Deficient Mice. Radiat Res 2011; 175:231-9. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2312.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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RBBP9: a tumor-associated serine hydrolase activity required for pancreatic neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107:2189-94. [PMID: 20080647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911646107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. To discover functionally relevant modulators of pancreatic neoplasia, we performed activity-based proteomic profiling on primary human ductal adenocarcinomas. Here, we identify retinoblastoma-binding protein 9 (RBBP9) as a tumor-associated serine hydrolase that displays elevated activity in pancreatic carcinomas. Whereas RBBP9 is expressed in normal and malignant tissues at similar levels, its elevated activity in tumor cells promotes anchorage-independent growth in vitro as well as pancreatic carcinogenesis in vivo. At the molecular level, RBBP9 activity overcomes TGF-beta-mediated antiproliferative signaling by reducing Smad2/3 phosphorylation, a previously unknown role for a serine hydrolase in cancer biology. Conversely, loss of endogenous RBBP9 or expression of mutationally inactive RBBP9 leads to elevated Smad2/3 phosphorylation, implicating this serine hydrolase as an essential suppressor of TGF-beta signaling. Finally, RBBP9-mediated suppression of TGF-beta signaling is required for E-cadherin expression as loss of the serine hydrolase activity leads to a reduction in E-cadherin levels and a concomitant decrease in the integrity of tumor cell-cell junctions. These data not only define a previously uncharacterized serine hydrolase activity associated with epithelial neoplasia, but also demonstrate the potential benefit of functional proteomics in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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12
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Borgmann K, Dikomey E, Petersen C, Feyer P, Hoeller U. Sex-specific aspects of tumor therapy. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2009; 48:115-124. [PMID: 19242712 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-009-0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that sex-specific differences in toxicity profiles and outcome after radiotherapy are accumulating in medical oncology, and that treatment strategies may require some modification. Furthermore, sex-specific differences in the sensitivity to genotoxic and therapeutical agents are also of general concern for risk estimation. This review is focussed on the specific influence of sex on these endpoints covering both a clinical and a biological point of view. In this paper, the literature was systematically reviewed with respect to sex-specific differences in tumor and normal tissue sensitivity after exposure to ionizing radiation, as well as to the relevant underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. Although a number of data on sex-specific differences are available and remarkable differences on clinical, molecular, and cellular levels have been reported, a firm conclusion on any existing sex-specific differences is not yet possible. Future studies are required and should be focussed on this aspect of individual radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology Experimental Radiooncology, Clinic of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Vorobiev SM, Su M, Seetharaman J, Huang YJ, Chen CX, Maglaqui M, Janjua H, Proudfoot M, Yakunin A, Xiao R, Acton TB, Montelione GT, Tong L. Crystal structure of human retinoblastoma binding protein 9. Proteins 2009; 74:526-9. [PMID: 19004028 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Vorobiev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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14
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Koturbash I, Kutanzi K, Hendrickson K, Rodriguez-Juarez R, Kogosov D, Kovalchuk O. Radiation-induced bystander effects in vivo are sex specific. Mutat Res 2008; 642:28-36. [PMID: 18508093 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) effects span beyond the area of direct exposure and can be observed in neighboring and distant naïve cells and organs. This phenomenon is termed a 'bystander effect'. IR effects in directly exposed tissue in vivo are epigenetically mediated and distinct in males and females. Yet, IR-induced bystander effects have never been explored in a sex-specificity domain. We used an in vivo mouse model, whereby the bystander effects are studied in spleen of male and female animals subjected to head exposure when the rest of the body is protected by a medical-grade lead shield. We analyzed the induction of DNA damage and alterations in global DNA methylation. Molecular parameters were correlated with cellular proliferation and apoptosis levels. The changes observed in bystander organs are compared to the changes in unexposed animals and animals exposed to predicted and measured scatter doses. We have found the selective induction of DNA damage levels, global DNA methylation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in exposed and bystander spleen tissue of male and female mice. Sex differences were significantly diminished in animals subjected to a surgical removal of gonads. These data constitute the first evidence of sex differences in radiation-induced bystander effects in mouse spleen in vivo. We show the role of sex hormones in spleen bystander responses and discuss implications of the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Koturbash
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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In vivo bystander effect: cranial X-irradiation leads to elevated DNA damage, altered cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and increased p53 levels in shielded spleen. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 70:554-62. [PMID: 18207032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well accepted that irradiated cells may "forward" genome instability to nonirradiated neighboring cells, giving rise to the "bystander effect" phenomenon. Although bystander effects were well studied by using cell cultures, data for somatic bystander effects in vivo are relatively scarce. METHODS AND MATERIALS We set out to analyze the existence and molecular nature of bystander effects in a radiation target-organ spleen by using a mouse model. The animal's head was exposed to X-rays while the remainder of the body was completely protected by a medical-grade shield. Using immunohistochemistry, we addressed levels of DNA damage, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and p53 protein in the spleen of control animals and completely exposed and head-exposed/body bystander animals. RESULTS We found that localized head radiation exposure led to the induction of bystander effects in the lead-shielded distant spleen tissue. Namely, cranial irradiation led to increased levels of DNA damage and p53 expression and also altered levels of cellular proliferation and apoptosis in bystander spleen tissue. The observed bystander changes were not caused by radiation scattering and were observed in two different mouse strains; C57BL/6 and BALB/c. CONCLUSION Our study proves that bystander effects occur in the distant somatic organs on localized exposures. Additional studies are required to characterize the nature of an enigmatic bystander signal and analyze the long-term persistence of these effects and possible contribution of radiation-induced bystander effects to secondary radiation carcinogenesis.
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