1
|
Xie X, Zhou J, Hu L, Shu R, Zhang M, Sun L, Wu F, Fu Z, Li Z. Oral exposure to a hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) disrupts mitochondrial function and biogenesis in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128376. [PMID: 35158245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) is reported to have hepatotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. In this study, the toxicological effects of HFPO-TA on mitochondrial function and biogenesis were studied. Mice were exposed to drinking water which contained either 2, 20, or 200 μg/L HFPO-TA. Results showed exposure to HFPO-TA induced disadvantageous physiological changes in mice, including increases in liver weight, altered cell morphology, and inflammatory responses. Specifically, exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA increased mitochondria number, relative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes encoded by mtDNA. Significant increases in TFAM mRNA and protein levels were also observed. Liver metabolome analysis also showed exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA further enhanced increases in metabolites and altered metabolic pathways that correlated with mitochondrial function, especially the production of ATP. HFPO-TA exposure increased protein expression of mitochondrial complex I-V, and the activities of key enzymes involved in TCA cycle (α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and succinate dehydrogenase). Furthermore, exposure to 200 μg/L HFPO-TA significantly up-regulating mRNA and protein levels of Opa1, Mfn1, Mfn2, Fis1, and Mff, but did not change Drp1. These findings suggest HFPO-TA could have detrimental effects on health of animals, particularly it was associated with disrupted mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Luting Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tetraspanin 6 is a regulator of carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011411118. [PMID: 34521767 PMCID: PMC8488650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011411118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanin protein (Tspan6) is a member of the tetraspanin family. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrate that Tspan6 functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC) by attenuating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–based signaling axis. Tspan6 forms a tripartite complex with transmembrane form of TGF-α and an adaptor protein syntenin-1 and negatively regulates secretion of TGF-α. The expression of Tspan6 is frequently decreased in CRC, and this correlates with poor survival. Importantly, the expression of Tspan6 in CRC correlated independently of tumor molecular profile with better patient responses to Cetuximab, an EGFR-targeted therapy. These results identify Tspan6 as a regulator of CRC development and a potential predictive biomarker for EGFR-targeted therapies. Early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development are characterized by a complex rewiring of transcriptional networks resulting in changes in the expression of multiple genes. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of a poorly studied tetraspanin protein Tspan6 in Apcmin/+ mice, a well-established model for premalignant CRC, resulted in increased incidence of adenoma formation and tumor size. We demonstrate that the effect of Tspan6 deletion results in the activation of EGF-dependent signaling pathways through increased production of the transmembrane form of TGF-α (tmTGF-α) associated with extracellular vesicles. This pathway is modulated by an adaptor protein syntenin-1, which physically links Tspan6 and tmTGF-α. In support of this, the expression of Tspan6 is frequently decreased or lost in CRC, and this correlates with poor survival. Furthermore, the analysis of samples from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeting clinical trial (COIN trial) has shown that the expression of Tspan6 in CRC correlated with better patient responses to EGFR-targeted therapy involving Cetuximab. Importantly, Tspan6-positive patients with tumors in the proximal colon (right-sided) and those with KRAS mutations had a better response to Cetuximab than the patients that expressed low Tspan6 levels. These results identify Tspan6 as a regulator of CRC development and a potential predictive marker for EGFR-targeted therapies in CRC beyond RAS pathway mutations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang CY, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Rabaglia ME, Oler AT, Keller MP, Kendziorski CM, Broman KW, Yandell BS, Schadt EE, Attie AD. Tsc2, a positional candidate gene underlying a quantitative trait locus for hepatic steatosis. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1493-501. [PMID: 22628617 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m025239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalchoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver dysfunction and is associated with metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. We mapped a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for NAFLD to chromosome 17 in a cross between C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR mouse strains made genetically obese with the Lep(ob/ob) mutation. We identified Tsc2 as a gene underlying the chromosome 17 NAFLD QTL. Tsc2 functions as an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, which is involved in many physiological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. We found that Tsc2(+/-) mice have increased lipogenic gene expression in the liver in an insulin-dependent manner. The coding single nucleotide polymorphism between the B6 and BTBR strains leads to a change in the ability to inhibit the expression of lipogenic genes and de novo lipogenesis in AML12 cells and to promote the proliferation of Ins1 cells. This difference is due to a different affinity of binding to Tsc1, which affects the stability of Tsc2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucchetta EM, Ohlstein B. The Drosophila midgut: a model for stem cell driven tissue regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 1:781-8. [PMID: 23799573 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila and mammalian digestive systems bear striking similarities in genetic control and cellular composition, and the Drosophila midgut has emerged as an amenable model for dissecting the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis. The Drosophila midgut is maintained by multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that give rise to all cell types in the intestinal epithelium and are required for long-term tissue homeostasis. ISC proliferation rate increases in response to a myriad of chemical and bacterial insults through the release of JAK-STAT and EGFR ligands from dying enterocytes that activate the JAK-STAT and EGFR pathways in ISCs. The Hippo and JNK pathways converge upon JAK-STAT and EGFR signaling, presumably in response to specific stresses, and JNK and insulin signaling have been shown to be critical in response to age-related stresses. This review details these emerging mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and the proliferative response of ISCs to epithelial damage, environmental stresses, and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Lucchetta
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chia LA, Kuo CJ. The intestinal stem cell. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 96:157-73. [PMID: 21075344 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381280-3.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly proliferating organs in the body. A complete turnover of the epithelium occurs every 3-5 days in the mouse, a process that is maintained by a small population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside in the crypt bases. The signals that regulate the behavior of these ISCs are still unknown. This has been due, until recently, to the singular lack of definitive ISC markers. The recent identification of genes that mark functional stem cells has yielded insights into how ISCs are regulated and maintained by their surrounding niche. Herein, we examine the body of literature regarding the precise identity and location of the ISCs, the role of the surrounding niche in ISC maintenance and regulation, as well as the hypothesis that the ISCs are the cells of origin in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Chia
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang H, Grenley MO, Bravo MJ, Blumhagen RZ, Edgar BA. EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling mediates adult midgut epithelial homeostasis and regeneration in Drosophila. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 8:84-95. [PMID: 21167805 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Many tissues in higher animals undergo dynamic homeostatic growth, wherein damaged or aged cells are replaced by the progeny of resident stem cells. To maintain homeostasis, stem cells must respond to tissue needs. Here we show that in response to damage or stress in the intestinal (midgut) epithelium of adult Drosophila, multiple EGFR ligands and rhomboids (intramembrane proteases that activate some EGFR ligands) are induced, leading to the activation of EGFR signaling in intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Activation of EGFR signaling promotes ISC division and midgut epithelium regeneration, thereby maintaining tissue homeostasis. ISCs defective in EGFR signaling cannot grow or divide, are poorly maintained, and cannot support midgut epithelium regeneration after enteric infection by the bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila. Furthermore, ISC proliferation induced by Jak/Stat signaling is dependent upon EGFR signaling. Thus the EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling pathway plays central, essential roles in ISC maintenance and the feedback system that mediates intestinal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Jiang
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chia LA, Kuo CJ. The intestinal stem cell. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010. [PMID: 21075344 DOI: 10.1016/b978‐0‐12‐381280‐3.00007‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly proliferating organs in the body. A complete turnover of the epithelium occurs every 3-5 days in the mouse, a process that is maintained by a small population of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside in the crypt bases. The signals that regulate the behavior of these ISCs are still unknown. This has been due, until recently, to the singular lack of definitive ISC markers. The recent identification of genes that mark functional stem cells has yielded insights into how ISCs are regulated and maintained by their surrounding niche. Herein, we examine the body of literature regarding the precise identity and location of the ISCs, the role of the surrounding niche in ISC maintenance and regulation, as well as the hypothesis that the ISCs are the cells of origin in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Chia
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Backshall A, Alferez D, Teichert F, Wilson ID, Wilkinson RW, Goodlad RA, Keun HC. Detection of metabolic alterations in non-tumor gastrointestinal tissue of the Apc(Min/+) mouse by (1)H MAS NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1423-30. [PMID: 19159281 DOI: 10.1021/pr800793w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have used metabolic profiling (metabolomics/metabonomics) via high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) and solution state (1)H NMR spectroscopy to characterize small bowel and colon tissue from the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of early gastrointestinal (GI) tumorigenesis. Multivariate analysis indicated the presence of metabolic differences between the morphologically normal/non-tumor tissue from approximately 10 week-old Apc(Min/+) mice and their wild-type litter mates. The metabolic profile of isolated lamina propria and epithelial cells from the same groups could also be discriminated on the basis of genotype. Accounting for systematic variation in individual metabolite levels across different anatomical regions of the lower GI tract, the metabolic phenotype of Apc(Min/+) lamina propria tissue was defined by significant increases in the phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine ratio (PC/GPC, +21%) and decreases in GPC (-25%) and the gut-microbial cometabolite dimethylamine (DMA, -40%) relative to wild type. In the whole tissue, elevated lactate (+15%) and myo-inositol (+19%) levels were detected. As the metabolic changes occurred in non-tumor tissue from animals of very low tumor burden (<2 polyps/animal), they are likely to represent the specific consequence of reduced Apc function and very early events in tumorigenesis. The observed increase in PC/GPC ratio has been previously reported with immortalisation and malignant transformation of cells and is consistent with the role of Apc as a tumor suppressor. Phospholipase A2, which hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to Acyl-GPC, is a known modifier gene of the model phenotype (Mom1), and altered expression of choline phospholipid enzymes has been reported in gut tissue from Apc(Min/+) mice. These results indicate the presence of a metabolic phenotype associated with "field cancerization", highlighting potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, for early evaluation of response to chemoprevention, and for predicting the severity of the polyposis phenotype in the Apc(Min/+) model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Backshall
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthetics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|