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El-Serafi AT, El-Serafi I, Steinvall I, Sjöberg F, Elmasry M. A Systematic Review of Keratinocyte Secretions: A Regenerative Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147934. [PMID: 35887279 PMCID: PMC9323141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell regenerative therapy is a modern solution for difficult-to-heal wounds. Keratinocytes, the most common cell type in the skin, are difficult to obtain without the creation of another wound. Stem cell differentiation towards keratinocytes is a challenging process, and it is difficult to reproduce in chemically defined media. Nevertheless, a co-culture of keratinocytes with stem cells usually achieves efficient differentiation. This systematic review aims to identify the secretions of normal human keratinocytes reported in the literature and correlate them with the differentiation process. An online search revealed 338 references, of which 100 met the selection criteria. A total of 80 different keratinocyte secretions were reported, which can be grouped mainly into cytokines, growth factors, and antimicrobial peptides. The growth-factor group mostly affects stem cell differentiation into keratinocytes, especially epidermal growth factor and members of the transforming growth factor family. Nevertheless, the reported secretions reflected the nature of the involved studies, as most of them focused on keratinocyte interaction with inflammation. This review highlights the secretory function of keratinocytes, as well as the need for intense investigation to characterize these secretions and evaluate their regenerative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T. El-Serafi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden; (I.S.); (F.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim El-Serafi
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ingrid Steinvall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden; (I.S.); (F.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
| | - Folke Sjöberg
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden; (I.S.); (F.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
| | - Moustafa Elmasry
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden; (I.S.); (F.S.); (M.E.)
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
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Yu S, Li LH, Lee CH, Jeyakannu P, Wang JJ, Hong CH. Arsenic leads to autophagy of keratinocytes by increasing aquaporin 3 expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17523. [PMID: 34471155 PMCID: PMC8410848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic, a ubiquitous metalloid on Earth, results in human cancers. Skin cancer is the most common arsenical cancers. Both autophagy and aquaporin pathway are known to promote carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which arsenic regulates aquaporin and autophagy in arsenical skin cancers remain elusive. This study aims to address how arsenic regulates aquaporin-3, the predominant aquaporin in epidermal keratinocytes, and how this process would induce autophagy. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression of aquaporin 3 in arsenical skin cancers and arsenic-treated keratinocytes. Beclin-1 expression and autophagy were measured. We examined if blocking aquaporin 3 could interfere arsenic-induced autophagy in keratinocytes. Expression of aquaporin 3 is increased in arsenical cancers and in arsenic-treated keratinocytes. Arsenic induced autophagy in primary human keratinocytes. Notably, the arsenic-induced autophagy was inhibited by pretreatment of keratinocytes with aquaporin inhibitors Auphen or AgNO3, or RNA interference against aquaporin 3. The data indicates that the aquaporin 3 is an important cell membrane channel to mediate arsenic uptake and contributes to the arsenic-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hau Li
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Palaniraja Jeyakannu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Zeng Q, Wei S, Sun B, Zhang A. Assessing the potential value and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba L. On coal-fired arsenic-induced skin damage: In vitro and human evidence. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2113-2122. [PMID: 34085585 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure through arsenic-contaminated air and food caused by the burning of coal is a major environmental public health concern in Guizhou Province of China. Previous studies have shown that immunological dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of arsenic; however, knowledge regarding effective prevention measures have not been fully examined. The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on arsenic-induced skin damage of human immortalized keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) was first evaluated in this study. The results showed that 200 μg/mL EGb761 can reduce the expression of miR-155-5p, and the indicators reflecting arsenic-induced skin damage (Krt1, Krt6c and Krt10) in arsenic-exposed cells (P < 0.05), the expression levels of NF-AT1; the indicators reflecting arsenic-induced immunological dysfunction (IL-2, IFN-γ) in cells; and the levels of secreted IL-2 and IFN-γ in cell supernatants were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Further randomized controlled double-blind experiments showed that compared to the placebo control group, the expression level of miR-155-5p in the plasma of the Ginkgo biloba intervention group, the indicators in the serum reflecting arsenic-induced skin damage (Krt1, Krt6c, and Krt10) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) vimentin were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), but the levels of NF-AT1 and the indicators reflecting arsenic-induced immunological dysfunction (IL-2, IFN-γ) and EMT (E-cadherin) in serum were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Our study provides some limited evidence that Ginkgo biloba L. can increase the expression of NF-AT1 by downregulating the level of miR-155-5p, alleviating immunological dysfunction, and decreasing the expression of EMT biomarkers, thus indirectly improving arsenic-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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4
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Chen J, Jiang J, Liu Y, Ye Y, Ma Y, Cen Y, Chen W, Wang S, Yang G, Zhang A. Arsenite induces dysfunction of regulatory T cells through acetylation control of the Foxp3 promoter. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:35-46. [PMID: 32735129 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120934533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is known to cause damage to the body's immune system by inducing epigenetic changes. However, the molecular mechanism of this damage remains elusive. Here, we report that arsenic disrupts the morphology of lymphocytes, decreases cell viability, and results in abnormal proportions of T lymphocyte subsets. Moreover, our results revealed that arsenic can reduce global acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16 ac) in lymphocytes via decreasing the level of males absent on the first but upregulates mRNA and protein levels of the forkhead/winged-helix box P3 (Foxp3) gene by increasing the acetylation of histone H4 at K16 (H4K16) at the promoter of Foxp3. Finally, arsenic-induced dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) could be ameliorated by trichostatin A. Our research indicates that arsenic-induced immunosuppressive effect in human lymphocytes may be related to the acetylation of H4K16 at the promoter of Foxp3 and that histone deacetylase inhibitors may play a role in the prevention and treatment of immune injury caused by arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - J Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Y Cen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - W Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - S Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - G Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - A Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, 74628Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Liu C, Hu C, Li Z, Feng J, Huang J, Yang B, Wen T. Systematic profiling of alternative splicing in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer and their clinical significance. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:279. [PMID: 32617077 PMCID: PMC7325377 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) may cause structural and functional variations in the protein to promote the proliferation of tumor cells. However, there is no comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of AS in Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric cancer (HP− GC). Methods The clinical, gene expression profile data and AS events of 138 HP− GC patients were obtained from the database named the cancer genome atlas. Differently expressed AS (DEAS) events were determined by a comparison of the PSI values between HP− GC samples and adjacent normal samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis, proportional regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to explore the association between clinical data and immune features and to establish two nomograms about the prognosis of HP− GC. Finally, splicing networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Results A total of 48141 AS events and 1041 DEAS events were found in HP− GC. Various functions and pathways of DEAS events parent genes were enriched, such as cell-substrate junction, cell leading edge, focal adhension, and AMPK signaling. Seven overall survival (OS)-related and seven disease-free survival (DFS)-related AS events were used to construct the prognostic signatures. Based on the independent prognostic factors, two nomograms were established and showed excellent performance. Then, splicing regulatory networks among the correlations suggested that splicing factors were significantly associated with prognostic DEASs. Finally, the unsupervised clustering analysis revealed that DEAS-based clusters were associated with clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, and immune features. Conclusion Seven OS-related and seven DFS-related AS events have been found to be correlated with the prognosis of HP− GC and can be used as prognostic factors to establish an effective nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Jiale Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
| | - Ti Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning China
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6
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Zeng Q, Zhang A. Assessing potential mechanisms of arsenic-induced skin lesions and cancers: Human and in vitro evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113919. [PMID: 31995775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic is a major public health challenge worldwide. In detailing the hallmark signs of chronic arsenic exposure, previous studies have shown that epigenetic and immune dysfunction are associated with arsenic-induced skin lesions; however, knowledge regarding interactions between the mechanisms listed above is limited. In this study, a total of 106 skin samples were collected over the past 20 years. Based on the presence or absence of high arsenic exposure, the participants were divided into arsenic exposure (72) and reference (34) groups. Additionally, the arsenic exposure group was further divided into the non-cancer group (31, including skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis) and the skin cancer group (41, including Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) according to a skin histopathological examination. First, the associations among miR-155, NF-AT1 with immunological dysfunction and arsenic-induced skin lesions and carcinogenesis were confirmed using these skin samples. In the arsenic-exposed group, miR-155-5p, keratin 1(Krt1), keratin 10 (Krt10), and keratin 6c (Krt6c) were significantly increased in the skin (p < 0.05), while NF-AT1, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Clear correlations were observed among these factors (p < 0.05). In immortalized human keratinocytes, silencing and overexpression of NF-AT1 could alter the expression and secretion of immunological dysfunction indicators (IL-2 and IFN-γ) that are induced by arsenic exposure (p < 0.05); however, miR-155-5p levels did not change significantly (p > 0.05). The miR-155-5p mimic and inhibitor could regulate the NF-AT1-mediated immunological dysfunction caused by arsenic (p < 0.05). Our study provides some limited evidence that miR-155-5p regulates the NF-AT1-mediated immunological dysfunction that is involved in the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of arsenic. The second major finding was that Krt1 and Krt10 are markers of hyperkeratosis caused by arsenic, and Krt6c is a potential biomarker that can reflect arsenic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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7
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Yu S, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chai CY, Yu CL, Yu HS. Immunological dysfunction in chronic arsenic exposure: From subclinical condition to skin cancer. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California USA
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of International Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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9
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Lu JH, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chang KL, Ke HL, Yu HS. ΔNp63 promotes abnormal epidermal proliferation in arsenical skin cancers. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:57-66. [PMID: 30026126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is known to perturb epidermal homeostasis and induce abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, leading to skin carcinogenesis. P63 and its isoforms are essential to regulate epidermal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of p63 isoforms in abnormal epidermal proliferation induced by arsenic. Using arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD; an intraepidermal carcinoma) as a disease model, we found that in As-BD, the expression of proliferating basal keratinocytes marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and N-terminal truncated p63 isoform (ΔNp63; proliferation regulator) was increased, however, that of the differentiation marker cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and full-length p63 isoform (TAp63; differentiation regulator) was decreased in squamous cells as compared with healthy subjects. These observations were recapitulated in the arsenic-treated skin equivalents (SEs). The SEs showed that arsenic increased epidermal thickness, induced abnormal proliferation, and increased ΔNp63 expression in squamous cells as compared with the control. Treatment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HKCs) with arsenic increased CK14 and △Np63 expressions, but decreased TAp63 and CK10 expressions. Furthermore, knockdown of ΔNp63 by RNA interference abrogated arsenic-induced CK14 expression and recovered the reduction of TAp63 and CK10 caused by arsenic. These findings indicated that ΔNp63 is a pivotal regulator in the abnormal cell proliferation in arsenical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-He Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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10
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Arsenic trioxide is an immune adjuvant in liver cancer treatment. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:118-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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An Interaction between Arsenic-Induced Epigenetic Modification and Inflammatory Promotion in a Skin Equivalent during Arsenic Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Chou TC, Tsai KB, Wu CY, Hong CH, Lee CH. Presence of the Merkel cell polyomavirus in Merkel cell carcinoma combined with squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with chronic arsenism. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:902-905. [PMID: 27774637 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) coincident with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the breast of a woman with chronic arsenism. This case demonstrates the distinct association of chronic arsenism with two different primary cutaneous carcinomas. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was identified in the lesional skin of the MCC but not in that of the SCC, suggesting there are different interactions of MCPyV in the pathogenesis of SCC and MCC related to arsenic. Physicians need to be vigilant in the occurrence of both SCC and MCC in patients with chronic arsenism. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show the presence of MCPyV in the MCC but not the SCC portion of an arsenic-induced tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-C Chou
- Department of Dermatology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K-B Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-H Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Wang L, Hu X, Xu Y, Liu Z. Arsenic trioxide inhibits lung metastasis of mouse colon cancer via reducing the infiltration of regulatory T cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:15165-15173. [PMID: 27677289 PMCID: PMC5126207 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the local lung metastasis of mouse colon cancer in vivo and the regulation of Tregs in cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) in vitro. A high Tregs infiltration mouse colon cancer lung metastasis model was established by intravenous injection of CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, low-dose As2O3 group, and high-dose As2O3 group. For in vitro studies, CIKs were treated with vehicle control or 0.1, 1, or 5 μM As2O3. The level of Tregs was detected via flow cytometry, Foxp3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and the cytotoxic activity of As2O3-treated CIKs was assessed through a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Obvious lung metastasis was observed 3 days after CT26 murine colon carcinoma cell injection. The numbers of Tregs in the lungs and spleens of tumor-bearing mice were significantly higher than those of the normal group (p < 0.01). As2O3 treatment increased the mouse weight as well as reduced the number of metastatic lung nodules and the lung/body weight ratio (p < 0.01). Moreover, As2O3 treatment significantly reduced the Tregs proportion and the Foxp3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in metastatic lung tissues (p < 0.01). In vitro, As2O3 significantly reduced the Tregs proportion and the Foxp3 mRNA levels (p < 0.01) and significantly increased the cytotoxic activity of CIKs and the IFN-γ levels in the supernatant of cultured CIKs (p < 0.01). As2O3 might inhibit lung metastasis of colon cancer by reducing the local infiltration of Tregs and increase the cytotoxic activity of CIKs by suppressing Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantatation, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yingxin Xu
- Institute of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China. .,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China.
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Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J. Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 59:109-16. [PMID: 26743994 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair arsenic and cadmium from 339 women with congenital heart defect (CHD)-affected pregnancies (case women) and 333 women with normal live births (control women) in China were estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The median levels of hair arsenic and cadmium in the case women were 98.30 (74.30-136.30)ng/g and 14.60 (8.30-32.50)ng/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than the levels in the control group (P<0.05). Arsenic concentrations ≥62.03ng/g were associated with increased risk for almost every CHD subtype, with a dose-response relationship. However, only the group with the highest cadmium levels (≥25.85ng/g) displayed an increased risk of CHDs (AOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.24-3.09), with a 2.81-fold increase found for the occurrence of conotruncal defects in their offspring. Furthermore, an interaction between arsenic and cadmium was observed. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium may be a significant risk factor for CHDs in offspring. Cadmium may have an enhancing effect on the association between arsenic and the risk of CHDs in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tian
- The Department of Ultrasound at Guangxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital in Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Hu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Thompson BC, Halliday GM, Damian DL. Nicotinamide enhances repair of arsenic and ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage in HaCaT keratinocytes and ex vivo human skin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117491. [PMID: 25658450 PMCID: PMC4319842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-induced skin cancer is a significant global health burden. In areas with arsenic contamination of water sources, such as China, Pakistan, Myanmar, Cambodia and especially Bangladesh and West Bengal, large populations are at risk of arsenic-induced skin cancer. Arsenic acts as a co-carcinogen with ultraviolet (UV) radiation and affects DNA damage and repair. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) reduces premalignant keratoses in sun-damaged skin, likely by prevention of UV-induced cellular energy depletion and enhancement of DNA repair. We investigated whether nicotinamide modifies DNA repair following exposure to UV radiation and sodium arsenite. HaCaT keratinocytes and ex vivo human skin were exposed to 2μM sodium arsenite and low dose (2J/cm2) solar-simulated UV, with and without nicotinamide supplementation. DNA photolesions in the form of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were detected by immunofluorescence. Arsenic exposure significantly increased levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in irradiated cells. Nicotinamide reduced both types of photolesions in HaCaT keratinocytes and in ex vivo human skin, likely by enhancing DNA repair. These results demonstrate a reduction of two different photolesions over time in two different models in UV and arsenic exposed cells. Nicotinamide is a nontoxic, inexpensive agent with potential for chemoprevention of arsenic induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Thompson
- Department of Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney
| | - Gary M. Halliday
- Department of Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney
| | - Diona L. Damian
- Department of Dermatology, Sydney Cancer Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Sydney
- Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hong CH, Lee CH, Chen GS, Chang KL, Yu HS. STAT3-dependent VEGF production from keratinocytes abrogates dendritic cell activation and migration by arsenic: a plausible regional mechanism of immunosuppression in arsenical cancers. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 227:96-103. [PMID: 25559853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic remains an important environmental hazard that causes several human cancers. Arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD), a skin carcinoma in situ, is the most common arsenical cancer. While great strides have been made in our understanding of arsenic carcinogenesis, how host immunity contributes to this process remains unknown. Patients with As-BD have an impaired contact hypersensitivity response. Although impaired T cell activation has been well-documented in arsenical cancers, how dendritic cell (DC), the key cell regulating innate immunity, regulates the immune response in arsenical cancers remains unclear. Using myeloid derived DC (MDDC) from patients with As-BD and normal controls as well as bone marrow derived DC (BMDC) from mice fed with or without arsenic, we measured the migration of DC. As-BD patients showed an impaired CCL21-mediated MDDC migration in vitro. Arsenic-fed mice had defective DC migration toward popliteal lymph nodes when injected with allogenic BMDCs via foot pad. Using skin from As-BD and normal controls, we found an increased expression of STAT3, a transcriptional factor contributing to impaired DC activation. Arsenic induced STAT3 activation and the production of VEGF in keratinocytes. The increase in VEGF was blocked by inhibiting STAT3 with RNA interference or pharmaceutically with JSI-124. While VEGF by itself minimally induced the expression of CD86 and MHC-II in MDDC, arsenic induced-MDDC activation was abolished by VEGF pretreatment. We concluded that the STAT3-VEGF axis in keratinocytes inhibits DC migration in the microenvironment of As-BD, indicating that cellular interactions play an important role in regulating the disease course of arsenical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Shing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- National Environmental Toxicology Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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17
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Hunt KM, Srivastava RK, Elmets CA, Athar M. The mechanistic basis of arsenicosis: pathogenesis of skin cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:211-9. [PMID: 25173797 PMCID: PMC4193806 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant amounts of arsenic have been found in the groundwater of many countries including Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, Mexico, and the United States with an estimated 200 million people at risk of toxic exposure. Although chronic arsenic poisoning damages many organ systems, it usually first presents in the skin with manifestations including hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratoses, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Arsenic promotes oxidative stress by upregulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, uncoupling nitric oxide synthase, and by depleting natural antioxidants such as nitric oxide and glutathione in addition to targeting other proteins responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis. It causes immune dysfunction and tissue inflammatory responses, which may involve activation of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway. In addition, the dysregulation of other molecular targets such as nuclear factor kappa B, Hippo signaling protein Yap, and the mineral dust-induced proto-oncogene may orchestrate the pathogenesis of arsenic-mediated health effects. The metalloid decreases expression of tumor suppressor molecules and increases expression of pro-inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways leading to a tumor-promoting tissue microenvironment. Cooperation of upregulated signal transduction molecules with DNA damage may abrogate apoptosis, promote proliferation, and enhance cell survival. Genomic instability via direct DNA damage and weakening of several cellular DNA repair mechanisms could also be important cancer development mechanisms in arsenic-exposed populations. Thus, arsenic mediates its toxicity by generating oxidative stress, causing immune dysfunction, promoting genotoxicity, hampering DNA repair, and disrupting signal transduction, which may explain the complex disease manifestations seen in arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hunt
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Ritesh K Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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Lee CH, Wu SB, Hong CH, Chen GS, Wei YH, Yu HS. Involvement of mtDNA Damage Elicited by Oxidative Stress in the Arsenical Skin Cancers. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1890-900. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim HJ, Lee KG, Yi SM, Son SW, Kim IH, Go JU, Park JT, Choi JE. A case of squamous cell carcinoma and arsenic keratoses in a patient with vitiligo taking Chinese arsenic medicine. Int J Dermatol 2013; 52:1542-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Borroni G, Brazzelli V, Fornara L, Rosso R, Paulli M, Tinelli C, Ciocca O. Clinical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Effects of Arsenical-Ferruginous SPA Waters on Mild-To-Moderate Psoriatic Lesions: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2013; 26:495-501. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermalism and spa treatments are traditionally considered effective in a number of dermatologic inflammatory conditions, yet there is scarce evidence about spring water effectiveness on psoriasis in a daily setting. We enrolled 34 patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-contralaterally-controlled trial, to evaluate Levico and Vetriolo arsenical-ferruginous water effectiveness on psoriatic lesions by daily 20-minute wet packing for 12 consecutive days. Clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical parameters were considered. A statistically significant difference between spa water-treated lesions and placebo-treated lesions in the same patients was demonstrated for histopathologic and immunohistochemical parameters. Since iron ions have an antiproliferative effect on epithelia, and magnesium ions have an anti-inflammatory effect, Levico and Vetriolo water effectiveness on psoriasis could be addressed to their content of these ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Borroni
- Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - V. Brazzelli
- Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L. Fornara
- Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R. Rosso
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Paulli
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C. Tinelli
- Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - O. Ciocca
- Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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SUMI DAIGO, SHIMIZU YURI, HIMENO SEIICHIRO. Involvement of Nrf2 activation in the upregulation of S100A9 by exposure to inorganic arsenite. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:259-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Gahalaut P, Rastogi MK, Mishra N, Chauhan S. Multiple Pigmented Bowen's Disease: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma. Case Rep Oncol Med 2012; 2012:342030. [PMID: 23119201 PMCID: PMC3479937 DOI: 10.1155/2012/342030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bowens' disease (BD) is a precancerous condition of skin and/or mucosa with a predilection towards sun-exposed areas. Extensive literature research failed to reveal any case of multiple pigmented BD in type V Fitzpatrick skin. Multiple BD is a therapeutic challenge with a tendency to recur. Here we present an otherwise healthy Indian male having multiple pigmented lesions of BD on sun-protected sites of the body mimicking malignant melanoma. These lesions were refractory to treatment with different modalities. This paper is an attempt to review the available literature regarding the pigmented variant of multiple BD. Rationale for a therapeutic trial of UVB therapy for multiple arsenic induced BD is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Gahalaut
- Department of Dermatology, Shri Rammurti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Nainital Road, Bareilly 243006, India
| | - Madhur Kant Rastogi
- Department of Dermatology, Shri Rammurti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Nainital Road, Bareilly 243006, India
| | - Nitin Mishra
- Department of Dermatology, Shri Rammurti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Nainital Road, Bareilly 243006, India
| | - Sandhya Chauhan
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shri Rammurti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Nainital Road, Bareilly 243006, India
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Lee CH, Hong CH, Yu CL, Wang LF, Clausen BE, Liao WT, Huang SK, Chen GS, Yu HS. Arsenic mobilizes Langerhans cell migration and induces Th1 response in epicutaneous protein sensitization via CCL21: A plausible cause of decreased Langerhans cells in arsenic-induced intraepithelial carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1290-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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States JC, Barchowsky A, Cartwright IL, Reichard JF, Futscher BW, Lantz RC. Arsenic toxicology: translating between experimental models and human pathology. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:1356-63. [PMID: 21684831 PMCID: PMC3230447 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic arsenic exposure is a worldwide health problem. How arsenic exposure promotes a variety of diseases is poorly understood, and specific relationships between experimental and human exposures are not established. We propose phenotypic anchoring as a means to unify experimental observations and disease outcomes. OBJECTIVES We examined the use of phenotypic anchors to translate experimental data to human pathology and investigated research needs for which phenotypic anchors need to be developed. METHODS During a workshop, we discussed experimental systems investigating arsenic dose/exposure and phenotypic expression relationships and human disease responses to chronic arsenic exposure and identified knowledge gaps. In a literature review, we identified areas where data exist to support phenotypic anchoring of experimental results to pathologies from specific human exposures. DISCUSSION Disease outcome is likely dependent on cell-type-specific responses and interaction with individual genetics, other toxicants, and infectious agents. Potential phenotypic anchors include target tissue dosimetry, gene expression and epigenetic profiles, and tissue biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Translation to human populations requires more extensive profiling of human samples along with high-quality dosimetry. Anchoring results by gene expression and epigenetic profiling has great promise for data unification. Genetic predisposition of individuals affects disease outcome. Interactions with infectious agents, particularly viruses, may explain some species-specific differences between human pathologies and experimental animal pathologies. Invertebrate systems amenable to genetic manipulation offer potential for elaborating impacts of specific biochemical pathways. Anchoring experimental results to specific human exposures will accelerate understanding of mechanisms of arsenic-induced human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Liao WT, Lan CCE, Lee CH, Yu HS. Concentration-dependent cellular responses of arsenic in keratinocytes. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Lee CH, Liao WT, Yu HS. Aberrant immune responses in arsenical skin cancers. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:396-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Shimizu Y, Fujishiro H, Matsumoto K, Sumi D, Satoh M, Himeno S. Chronic exposure to arsenite induces S100A8 and S100A9 expression in rat RBL-2H3 mast cells. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:135-9. [PMID: 21297353 DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of chronic exposure to arsenite on the gene expression profiles of mast cells, microarray analysis was performed on rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells exposed to arsenite for 28 days. Upregulated genes include calcium-binding S100 proteins such as S100A9, S100A10, S100A6, and S100A13, and granzymes B and C. Among S100 proteins, S100A9 showed the highest expression (8.62-fold of untreated cells) after 4-weeks of exposure to arsenite. As S100A8 and S100A9 comprise a heterodimer called calprotectin, and are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and cancer, mRNA levels of both S100A8 and S100A9 were analyzed. The results demonstrated that exposure of RBL-2H3 cells to arsenite for a few weeks induces marked increases in mRNA levels of S100A8 and S100A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
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Coenzyme Q10 counteracts testicular injury induced by sodium arsenite in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 655:91-8. [PMID: 21262220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of coenzyme Q10 against testicular toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (10mg/kg/day, orally for two consecutive days) was investigated in rats. Coenzyme Q10 treatment (10mg/kg/day, i.p.) was applied for five consecutive days, starting three days before arsenite administration. Coenzyme Q10 significantly increased serum testosterone level which was reduced by sodium arsenite. Coenzyme Q10 significantly suppressed lipid peroxidation, restored the depleted antioxidant defenses, and attenuated the increases of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide resulted from arsenic administration. Also, the elevation of arsenic ion, and the reductions of selenium and zinc ions in testicular tissue were mitigated by coenzyme Q10. Histopathological examination showed that testicular injury mediated by arsenic was ameliorated by coenzyme Q10 treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that coenzyme Q10 significantly decreased the arsenic-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-κB, Fas ligand and caspase-3 in testicular tissue. It was concluded that coenzyme Q10 represents a potential therapeutic option to protect the testicular tissue from the detrimental effects of arsenic intoxication.
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Banerjee M, Bhattacharjee P, Giri AK. Arsenic-induced Cancers: A Review with Special Reference to Gene, Environment and Their Interaction. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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