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Song H, Liu H, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhao X, Jiang WG, Sui L, Song X. Death-associated protein 3 in cancer-discrepant roles of DAP3 in tumours and molecular mechanisms. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1323751. [PMID: 38352299 PMCID: PMC10862491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, ranks as the secondary cause of death, is a group of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled tumor growth and distant metastasis, leading to increased mortality year-on-year. To date, targeted therapy to intercept the aberrant proliferation and invasion is crucial for clinical anticancer treatment, however, mutant expression of target genes often leads to drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to identify more molecules that can be targeted to facilitate combined therapy. Previous studies showed that death associated protein 3 (DAP3) exerts a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis signaling of tumors, meanwhile, aberrant DAP3 expression is associated with the tumorigenesis and disease progression of various cancers. This review provides an overview of the molecule structure of DAP3 and the discrepant roles played by DAP3 in various types of tumors. Considering the molecular mechanism of DAP3-regulated cancer development, new potential treatment strategies might be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zhaoyuan People's Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuteng Yang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangkun Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laijian Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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2
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Chen M, Wang K, Han Y, Yan S, Yuan H, Liu Q, Li L, Li N, Zhu H, Lu D, Wang K, Liu F, Luo D, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Li D, Zhang L, Ji H, Zhou H, Chen Y, Qin J, Gao D. Identification of XAF1 as an endogenous AKT inhibitor. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112690. [PMID: 37384528 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT kinase is a key regulator in cell metabolism and survival, and its activation is strictly modulated. Herein, we identify XAF1 (XIAP-associated factor) as a direct interacting protein of AKT1, which strongly binds the N-terminal region of AKT1 to block its K63-linked poly-ubiquitination and subsequent activation. Consistently, Xaf1 knockout causes AKT activation in mouse muscle and fat tissues and reduces body weight gain and insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet. Pathologically, XAF1 expression is low and anti-correlated with the phosphorylated p-T308-AKT signal in prostate cancer samples, and Xaf1 knockout stimulates the p-T308-AKT signal to accelerate spontaneous prostate tumorigenesis in mice with Pten heterozygous loss. And ectopic expression of wild-type XAF1, but not the cancer-derived P277L mutant, inhibits orthotopic tumorigenesis. We further identify Forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) as a transcriptional regulator of XAF1, thus forming a negative feedback loop between AKT1 and XAF1. These results reveal an important intrinsic regulatory mechanism of AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kangjunjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ying Han
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shukun Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huairui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dayun Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dakui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Daming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Iyer AS, Shaik MR, Raufman JP, Xie G. The Roles of Zinc Finger Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10249. [PMID: 37373394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite colorectal cancer remaining a leading worldwide cause of cancer-related death, there remains a paucity of effective treatments for advanced disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer include altered cell signaling and cell cycle regulation that may result from epigenetic modifications of gene expression and function. Acting as important transcriptional regulators of normal biological processes, zinc finger proteins also play key roles in regulating the cellular mechanisms underlying colorectal neoplasia. These actions impact cell differentiation and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, homeostasis, senescence, and maintenance of stemness. With the goal of highlighting promising points of therapeutic intervention, we review the oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of zinc finger proteins with respect to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guofeng Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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XAF1 drives apoptotic switch of endoplasmic reticulum stress response through destabilization of GRP78 and CHIP. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:655. [PMID: 35902580 PMCID: PMC9334361 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor-1 (XAF1) is a stress-inducible tumor suppressor that is commonly inactivated in many human cancers. Despite accumulating evidence for the pro-apoptotic role for XAF1 under various stressful conditions, its involvement in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response remains undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 increases cell sensitivity to ER stress and acts as a molecular switch in unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated cell-fate decisions favoring apoptosis over adaptive autophagy. Mechanistically, XAF1 interacts with and destabilizes ER stress sensor GRP78 through the assembly of zinc finger protein 313 (ZNF313)-mediated destruction complex. Moreover, XAF1 expression is activated through PERK-Nrf2 signaling and destabilizes C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) ubiquitin E3 ligase, thereby blocking CHIP-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent phosphorylation of inositol-required enzyme-1α (IRE1α) that is involved in in the adaptive ER stress response. In tumor xenograft assays, XAF1-/- tumors display substantially lower regression compared to XAF1+/+ tumors in response to cytotoxic dose of ER stress inducer. XAF1 and GRP78 expression show an inverse correlation in human cancer cell lines and primary breast carcinomas. Collectively this study uncovers an important role for XAF1 as a linchpin to govern the sensitivity to ER stress and the outcomes of UPR signaling, illuminating the mechanistic consequence of XAF1 inactivation in tumorigenesis.
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Chen CP, Wang LK, Chen CY, Chen CY, Kuo YH, Wu YH. Decreased junctional adhesion molecule 3 expression induces reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1264-1278. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity and motility. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of JAM3 in placental dysfunction remain unclear. We hypothesized that JAM3 expression regulates trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our results revealed that JAM3 was expressed in the cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester and term placental villi. JAM3 expression in cell–cell junctions decreased with the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts. Using trophoblasts as an in vitro model, we observed that forskolin and JAM3 knockdown significantly reduced JAM3 expression and increased syncytium formation. JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of Checkpoint kinase 2–cell division cycle 25C–Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B1 signaling. Increased expression of BIM, NOXA, XAF1, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 further indicated trophoblast apoptosis. Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. Furthermore, H2O2-induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. H2O2 simultaneously induced trophoblast apoptosis. JAM3 expression was significantly decreased in the plasmas and placentas of patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia. Thus, our results demonstrate that JAM3 may not only be a structural component of trophoblast cell junctions but also regulate trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and motility. Dysregulated trophoblast JAM3 expression is crucial in preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wu
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen L, Niu Y, Sun J, Lin H, Liang G, Xiao M, Shi D, Wang J, Zhu H, Guan Y. Oncolytic Activity of Wild-type Newcastle Disease Virus HK84 Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Activation of Type I Interferon Signaling. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:284-296. [PMID: 35528990 PMCID: PMC9039698 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is listed as one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. Oncolytic therapy has become a promising treatment because of novel immunotherapies and gene editing technology, but biosafety concerns remain the biggest limitation for clinical application. We studied the the antitumor activity and biosafety of the wild-type Newcastle disease virus HK84 strain (NDV/HK84) and 10 other NDV strains. METHODS Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by cell counting Kit-8 and fluorescein isothiocyanate Annexin V apoptosis assays. Colony formation, wound healing, and a xenograft mouse model were used to evaluate in vivo and in vitro oncolytic effectiveness. The safety of NDV/HK84 was tested in nude mice by an in vivo luciferase imaging system. The replication kinetics of NDV/HK84 in normal tissues and tumors were evaluated by infectious-dose assays in eggs. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore NDV/HK84 activity and was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The cell counting Kit-8 assays of viability found that the oncolytic activity of the NDV strains differed with the multiplicity of infection (MOI). At an MOI of 20, the oncolytic activity of all NDV strains except the DK/JX/21358/08 strain was >80%. The oncolytic activities of the NDV/HK84 and DK/JX/8224/04 strains were >80% at both MOI=20 and MOI=2. Only NDV/HK84 had >80% oncolytic activities at both MOI=20 and MOI=2. We chose NDV/HK84 as the candidate virus to test the oncolytic effect of NDV in HCC in the in vitro and in vivo experiments. NDV/HK84 killed human SK-HEP-1 HCC cells without affecting healthy cells. CONCLUSIONS Intratumor infection with NDV/HK84 strains compared with vehicle controls or positive controls indicated that NDV/HK84 strain specifically inhibited HCC without affecting healthy mice. High-throughput RNA sequencing showed that the oncolytic activity of NDV/HK84 was dependent on the activation of type I interferon signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongdong Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiating Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoxi Liang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xiao
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guan
- International Joint Laboratory for Virology and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Joint Institute of Virology of STU/HKU, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Lim JS, Lee KW, Ko KP, Jeong SI, Ryu BK, Lee MG, Chi SG. XAF1 destabilizes estrogen receptor α through the assembly of a BRCA1-mediated destruction complex and promotes estrogen-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 2022; 41:2897-2908. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee MG, Choi Z, Lim NJ, Lim JS, Lee KW, Ko KP, Ryu BK, Kang SH, Chi SG. XAF1 directs glioma response to temozolomide through apoptotic transition of autophagy by activation of ROS-ATM-AMPK signaling. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac013. [PMID: 35274103 PMCID: PMC8903238 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor that is commonly inactivated in multiple human cancers. However, its role in the pathogenesis and therapeutic response of glioma is poorly characterized.
Methods
XAF1 activation by temozolomide (TMZ) and its effect on TMZ cytotoxicity were defined using luciferase reporter, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays. Signaling mechanism was analyzed using genetic and pharmacologic experiments. In vivo studies were performed in mice to validate the role of XAF1 in TMZ therapy.
Results
Epigenetic alteration of XAF1 is frequent in cell lines and primary tumors and contributes to cancer cell growth. XAF1 transcription is activated by TMZ via JNK-IRF-1 signaling to promote apoptosis while it is impaired by promoter hypermethylation. In tumor cells expressing high O 6methylguanineDNA methyltransferase (MGMT), XAF1 response to TMZ is debilitated. XAF1 facilitates TMZ-mediated autophagic flux to direct an apoptotic transition of protective autophagy. Mechanistically, XAF1 is translocated into the mitochondria to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. A mutant XAF1 lacking the zinc finger 6 domain fails to localize in the mitochondria and activate ROS-ATMAMPK signaling and autophagy-mediated apoptosis. XAF1restored xenograft tumors display a reduced growth rate and enhanced therapeutic response to TMZ, which is accompanied with activation of ATMAMPK signaling. XAF1 expression is associated with overall survival of TMZ treatment patients, particularly with low MGMT cancer.
Conclusions
This study uncovers an important role for the XAF1ATMAMPK axis as a linchpin to govern glioma response to TMZ therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Zisun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Jung Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Phil Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kyu Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hyuk Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Moravveji SS, Khoshbakht S, Mokhtari M, Salimi M, Masoudi-Nejad A. Pan-cancer analysis of biological events on cell cycle instability in gastrointestinal cancers with integrative scoring method. Genomics 2021; 114:253-265. [PMID: 34923090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Omics data integration plays an essential role in manifesting hidden cancer insights. To detect the main combinatorial/parallel impact of cancer events, integrative approaches in pan-cancer studies must be used. Here, we assessed gastrointestinal (GI) cancers from several perspectives of genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and also combinatorial impacts using a novel integrative approach to score genes. Next, scores were diffused on a signaling network and extracted subnetworks. We also implemented our new scoring method to compare upper-/lower-GI cancers, investigate the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs, and detect amplifications/deletions between GI and non-GI cancers. The integrative subnetwork indicated the interplay among essential protein families in the cell cycle. The copy-number-variation-related subnetwork revealed minor cell cycle and immune effects, whereas the methylation-related subnetwork revealed significant immune effects. The top-score lncRNAs indicated a distinct regulatory pattern for lower-/upper-, and accessory-GI categories. In summary, cell cycle dysfunction might be largely the consequence of combinatorial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Sajjad Moravveji
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Samane Khoshbakht
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of medical genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran; Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu J, Liu X, Wei B, Liu J, Wang Y, Liu H. [Effect of stable overexpression of XAF1 gene on biological characteristics of ovarian cancer A2780 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:760-766. [PMID: 34134965 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct an ovarian cancer cell line stably overexpressing XAF1 gene and observe the effects of XAF1 gene overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and sensitivity to paclitaxel of the cells. OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer A2780 cells were transfected with the plasmids pcDNA3.1(+) or pcDNA3.1(+)-XAF1, and the cells stably Over expressing XAF1 (A2780/XAF1 cells) were screened using G418. Cell clone formation assay and CCK8 assay were used to evaluate the changes in proliferation and paclitaxel sensitivity of the transfected cells, and cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. OBJECTIVE We successfully obtained A2780/XAF1 cells stably overexpressing XAF1, which exhibited no significant changes in cell morphology. Compared with the negative control cells (A2780/NC), A2780/XAF1 cells had lowered clone formation ability (P=0.0016) and attenuated proliferative activity on the first (P=0.009) and third (P=0.0035) days after cell adherence with also a significantly increased percentage of cells in G2-M phase (P < 0.001). A2780/XAF1 cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates than A2780/NC cells in the absence of apoptotic stimulation, in serum-free culture or following paclitaxel induction (P < 0.001). The proliferative activity of A2780/XAF1 cells was significantly lower than that of A2780/NC cells after exposure to different paclitaxel concentrations (P < 0.001). The half inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was significantly lower in A2780/XAF1 than in A2780/NC cells. OBJECTIVE Overexpression of XAF1 significantly inhibits the proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest, promotes apoptosis, and increases paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610051
| | - B Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Wang D, MacAulay RJ, Mulé JJ, Etame AB. Paradoxical epigenetic regulation of XAF1 mediates plasticity towards adaptive resistance evolution in MGMT-methylated glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14072. [PMID: 31575897 PMCID: PMC6773736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT) is surrogate of intrinsic resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). However, mechanisms associated with adaptive resistance evolution of glioblastoma (GBM) relative to MGMT methylation remain unclear. We hereby report a paradoxical yet translational epigenetic regulation of plasticity towards adaptive resistance in GBM. Based on an adaptive resistance model of GBM cells with differential MGMT methylation profiles, MGMT-hypermethylation enhanced genetic and phenotypic plasticity towards adaptive resistance to TMZ while MGMT hypomethylation limited plasticity. The resulting model-associated adaptive resistance gene signature negatively correlated with GBM patient survival. XAF1, a tumor suppressor protein, paradoxically emerged as a mediator of differential plasticities towards adaptive resistance to TMZ through epigenetic regulation. XAF1 promoted resistance both in-vitro and in-vivo. Furthermore, XAF1 expression negatively correlated with XAF1 promoter methylation status, and negatively correlate with GBM patient survival. Collectively, XAF1 appears to have a pradoxical yet translational role in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anders E Berglund
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert J MacAulay
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - James J Mulé
- Departments of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B Etame
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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12
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Camacho-Moctezuma B, Quevedo-Castillo M, Melendez-Zajgla J, Aquino-Jarquin G, Martinez-Ruiz GU. YY1 negatively regulates the XAF1 gene expression in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:973-979. [PMID: 30551877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
XAF1 is a tumor suppressor gene with low or absent expression in cancer. Since transcriptional reactivation or ectopic-mediated expression of XAF1 inhibits tumor growth, it is of great interest to elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to XAF1 silencing. YY1 is a transcription factor that acts as a repressor or an activator to modulate several cancer-associated cellular processes. Both YY1 and XAF1 have key roles in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. To assess whether YY1 regulates the transcriptional activation of the XAF1 gene, we performed gene-reporter assays coupled with site-directed mutagenesis, which showed that YY1 is able to mediate XAF1 silencing. Concordantly, ChIP-qPCR assays showed that YY1 interacts with the XAF1 promoter in PC3 cells that lacks XAF1 expression. This association was lost after exposure to epigenetic modulators that induce XAF1 expression. Further supporting the YY1's repressive role, we found transcriptional reactivation of the XAF1 gene by YY1 downregulation. As expected by previous reports showing that HDAC1 is needed for YY1-mediated repressive actions, we observed XAF1 re-expression after either inhibition or downregulation of the HDAC1 gene. Finally, expression data retrieved from the TCGA consortium showed that PCa samples presented lower XAF1 and higher HDAC expression levels than normal tissues. Thus, our results support a model in which YY1 is able to silence tumor suppressor genes such as XAF1 through HDAC1 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Camacho-Moctezuma
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Quevedo-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Melendez-Zajgla
- Genomica Funcional del Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G Aquino-Jarquin
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Genomica, Genetica y Bioinformatica, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - G U Martinez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigacion en Patologia Experimental, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico; Division de Investigacion, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Jeong SI, Kim JW, Ko KP, Ryu BK, Lee MG, Kim HJ, Chi SG. XAF1 forms a positive feedback loop with IRF-1 to drive apoptotic stress response and suppress tumorigenesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:806. [PMID: 30042418 PMCID: PMC6057933 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a proapoptotic tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in multiple human cancers. However, the molecular basis for the XAF1-mediated growth inhibition remains largely undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 forms a positive feedback loop with interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and functions as a transcriptional coactivator of IRF-1 to suppress tumorigenesis. Under various stressful conditions, XAF1 transcription is activated by IRF-1, and elevated XAF1 stabilizes and activates IRF-1. Mechanistically, XAF1 binds to the multifunctional domain 2 of IRF-1 via the zinc finger domain 6, thereby hindering C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) interaction with and ubiquitination of IRF-1. Activation of the IRF-1−XAF1 loop greatly increases stress-induced apoptosis and decreases the invasive capability of tumor cells. Oncogenic Ras and growth factors interfere with the IRF-1−XAF1 interplay via Erk-mediated repression of XAF1 transcription. Furthermore, XAF1 enhances IRF-1-mediated transcription of proapoptotic genes via the XAF1-IRF-1 complex formation on these target promoters. Meanwhile, XAF1 inhibits NF-κB-mediated tumor cell malignancy by reinforcing IRF-1 binding to a subset of coregulated promoters. Expression levels of IRF-1 and XAF1 correlate tightly in both cancer cell lines and primary tumors, and XAF1-induced tumor regression is markedly attenuated in IRF-1-depleted tumors. Collectively, this study identifies a novel mechanism of XAF1-mediated tumor suppression, uncovering XAF1 as a feedback coactivator of IRF-1 under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Phil Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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14
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Höhn A, Krüger K, Skowron MA, Bormann S, Schumacher L, Schulz WA, Hoffmann MJ, Niegisch G, Fritz G. Distinct mechanisms contribute to acquired cisplatin resistance of urothelial carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41320-41335. [PMID: 27191498 PMCID: PMC5173062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CisPt) is frequently used in the therapy of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Its therapeutic efficacy is limited by inherent or acquired drug resistance. Here, we comparatively investigated the CisPt-induced response of two different parental urothelial carcinoma cell lines (RT-112, J-82) with that of respective drug resistant variants (RT-112R, J-82R) obtained upon month-long CisPt selection. Parental RT-112 cells were ~2.5 fold more resistant to CisPt than J-82 cells and showed a different expression pattern of CisPt-related resistance factors. CisPt resistant RT-112R and J-82R variants revealed a 2–3-fold increased CisPt resistance as compared to their corresponding parental counterparts. Acquired CisPt resistance was accompanied by morphological alterations resembling epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). RT-112R cells revealed lower apoptotic frequency and more pronounced G2/M arrest following CisPt exposure than RT-112 cells, whereas no differences in death induction were observed between J-82 and J-82R cells. CisPt resistant J-82R cells however were characterized by a reduced formation of CisPt-induced DNA damage and related DNA damage response (DDR) as compared to J-82 cells. Such difference was not observed between RT-112R and RT-112 cells. J-82R cells showed an enhanced sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and, moreover, could be re-sensitized to CisPt upon Chk1 inhibition. Based on the data we suggest that mechanisms of acquired CisPt resistance of individual UC cells are substantially different, with apoptosis- and DDR-related mechanisms being of particular relevance. Moreover, the findings indicate that targeting of Chk1 might be useful to overcome acquired CisPt resistance of certain subtypes of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Höhn
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Krüger
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margaretha A Skowron
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bormann
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Schumacher
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michèle J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard Fritz
- Institute of Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Epigenetic silencing of XAF1 in high-grade gliomas is associated with IDH1 status and improved clinical outcome. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15071-15084. [PMID: 28122345 PMCID: PMC5362468 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
XAF1 (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1) is a tumor suppressor that counteracts the anti-apoptotic effects of XIAP and can sensitize cells to cell death triggering events. XAF1 knockdown abrogated the temozolomide (TMZ)-induced G2-arrest and prevented TMZ-induced apoptosis in the glioblastoma (GB) cell line LN229. Promoter methylation of XAF1 was found to be inversely correlated with mRNA expression in GB cells. We analyzed XAF1 methylation in a panel of 16 GB cell lines and 80 patients with first-diagnosed WHO grade III/IV high-grade gliomas using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melt (MS-HRM) analysis. In those patients, XAF1 promoter methylation was strongly associated with enhanced progression free and overall survival. Interestingly, XAF1 promoter methylation was strictly correlated with the occurrence of IDH1 mutations, indicating a causal link to the IDH1 mutant phenotype. XAF1 methylation was observed in 18 grade III tumors all of which showed heterozygous mutations in the IDH1 gene. 17 harbored a mutation leading to an arginine > histidine (R132H) and one carried a mutation causing an arginine > glycine (R132G) substitution. Furthermore, six out of six recurrent and IDH1 mutated grade III tumors also showed XAF1 promoter methylation. The data demonstrate that XAF1 promoter methylation determined by MS-HRM is a robust and precise indicator of IDH1 mutations in grade III gliomas. It is useful for complementing the immunohistochemistry-based detection of mutant IDH, uncovering rare 2-HG-producing IDH1 and potentially IDH2 mutations. The MS-HRM-based detection of XAF1 methylation could therefore be a reliable tool in assisting the sub-classification of high-grade gliomas.
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16
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Shin CH, Lee MG, Han J, Jeong SI, Ryu BK, Chi SG. Identification of XAF1-MT2A mutual antagonism as a molecular switch in cell-fate decisions under stressful conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5683-5688. [PMID: 28507149 PMCID: PMC5465913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700861114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a tumor suppressor that is commonly inactivated in multiple human neoplasms. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its proapoptotic function remains largely undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 induction by heavy metals triggers an apoptotic switch of stress response by destabilizing metallothionein 2A (MT2A). XAF1 directly interacts with MT2A and facilitates its lysosomal degradation, resulting in the elevation of the free intercellular zinc level and subsequent activation of p53 and inactivation of XIAP. Intriguingly, XAF1 is activated as a unique transcription target of metal-regulatory transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) in signaling apoptosis, and its protein is destabilized via the lysosomal pathway by MTF-1-induced MT2A under cytostatic stress conditions, indicating the presence of mutual antagonism between XAF1 and MT2A. The antagonistic interplay between XAF1 and MT2A acts as a key molecular switch in MTF-1-mediated cell-fate decisions and also plays an important role in cell response to various apoptotic and survival factors. Wild-type (WT) XAF1 but not MT2A binding-deficient mutant XAF1 increases the free intracellular zinc level and accelerates WT folding of p53 and degradation of XIAP. Consistently, XAF1 evokes a more drastic apoptotic effect in p53+/+ versus isogenic p53-/- cells. Clinically, expression levels of XAF1 and MT2A are inversely correlated in primary colon tumors and multiple cancer cell lines. XAF1-depleted xenograft tumors display an increased growth rate and a decreased apoptotic response to cytotoxic heavy metals with strong MT2A expression. Collectively, this study uncovers an important role for XAF1-MT2A antagonism as a linchpin to govern cell fate under various stressful conditions including heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hee Shin
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jikhyon Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seong-In Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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17
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Schluckebier L, Aran V, De Moraes J, Paiva H, Sternberg C, Ferreira CG. XAF1 expression levels in a non-small cell lung cancer cohort and its potential association with carcinogenesis. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:402-410. [PMID: 28560416 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of lung carcinogenesis is still not well understood and involves different levels of regulation of several genes. The search for molecular biomarkers, which can be applicable to clinical practice, has been the focus of various studies. XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) was previously shown to be downregulated in many types of tumors, including squamous cell lung cancer. XAF1 is a pro-apoptotic protein and its restoration was found to sensitize cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli; however, the precise mechanism involved in the downregulation of XAF1 in tumors is unknown and promoter hypermethylation or heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) may be involved. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of XAF1 in tumors and adjacent non-tumor specimens from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and its potential association with various factors including clinicopathological characteristics and other genes involved in NSCLC. Our results indicated that XAF1 expression was markedly altered in NSCLC tumor samples when compared to that found in normal lung tissues. Predominantly, XAF1 was downregulated in the tumors, except in never-smoker patients. In addition, XAF1 may also be important in the whole cell stress mechanism where the p53 status is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Schluckebier
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joyce De Moraes
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor Paiva
- Pathology Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Sternberg
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gil Ferreira
- Clinical Research Division, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Fell VL, Walden EA, Hoffer SM, Rogers SR, Aitken AS, Salemi LM, Schild-Poulter C. Ku70 Serine 155 mediates Aurora B inhibition and activation of the DNA damage response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37194. [PMID: 27849008 PMCID: PMC5111114 DOI: 10.1038/srep37194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ku heterodimer (Ku70/Ku80) is the central DNA binding component of the classical non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway that repairs DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), serving as the scaffold for the formation of the NHEJ complex. Here we show that Ku70 is phosphorylated on Serine 155 in response to DNA damage. Expression of Ku70 bearing a S155 phosphomimetic substitution (Ku70 S155D) in Ku70-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) triggered cell cycle arrest at multiple checkpoints and altered expression of several cell cycle regulators in absence of DNA damage. Cells expressing Ku70 S155D exhibited a constitutive DNA damage response, including ATM activation, H2AX phosphorylation and 53BP1 foci formation. Ku70 S155D was found to interact with Aurora B and to have an inhibitory effect on Aurora B kinase activity. Lastly, we demonstrate that Ku and Aurora B interact following ionizing radiation treatment and that Aurora B inhibition in response to DNA damage is dependent upon Ku70 S155 phosphorylation. This uncovers a new pathway where Ku may relay signaling to Aurora B to enforce cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Fell
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Walden
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sarah M Hoffer
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Stephanie R Rogers
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Amelia S Aitken
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Louisa M Salemi
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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19
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Sanchez N, Chapdelaine P, Rousseau J, Raymond F, Corbeil J, Tremblay JP. Characterization of frataxin gene network in Friedreich's ataxia fibroblasts using the RNA-Seq technique. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:59-66. [PMID: 27350085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlia Sanchez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre Chapdelaine
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHUL, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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20
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Salah FS, Ebbinghaus M, Muley VY, Zhou Z, Al-Saadi KRD, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, O'Sullivan GA, Betz H, König R, Wang ZQ, Bräuer R, Petersen I. Tumor suppression in mice lacking GABARAP, an Atg8/LC3 family member implicated in autophagy, is associated with alterations in cytokine secretion and cell death. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2205. [PMID: 27124579 PMCID: PMC4855672 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
GABARAP belongs to an evolutionary highly conserved gene family that has a fundamental role in autophagy. There is ample evidence for a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis as well as the immune response. However, the molecular details for these interactions are not fully characterized. Here, we report that the ablation of murine GABARAP, a member of the Atg8/LC3 family that is central to autophagosome formation, suppresses the incidence of tumor formation mediated by the carcinogen DMBA and results in an enhancement of the immune response through increased secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2 and IFN-γ from stimulated macrophages and lymphocytes. In contrast, TGF-β1 was significantly reduced in the serum of these knockout mice. Further, DMBA treatment of these GABARAP knockout mice reduced the cellularity of the spleen and the growth of mammary glands through the induction of apoptosis. Gene expression profiling of mammary glands revealed significantly elevated levels of Xaf1, an apoptotic inducer and tumor-suppressor gene, in knockout mice. Furthermore, DMBA treatment triggered the upregulation of pro-apoptotic (Bid, Apaf1, Bax), cell death (Tnfrsf10b, Ripk1) and cell cycle inhibitor (Cdkn1a, Cdkn2c) genes in the mammary glands. Finally, tumor growth of B16 melanoma cells after subcutaneous inoculation was inhibited in GABARAP-deficient mice. Together, these data provide strong evidence for the involvement of GABARAP in tumorigenesis in vivo by delaying cell death and its associated immune-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Salah
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physiology 1, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Teichgraben 8, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - V Y Muley
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena D-07747, Germany
| | - Z Zhou
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - K R D Al-Saadi
- Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - M Pacyna-Gengelbach
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin D-10098, Germany
| | - G A O'Sullivan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - H Betz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - R König
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena D-07747, Germany
| | - Z-Q Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - R Bräuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - I Petersen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, Jena D-07743, Germany
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21
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Li K, Li X, Wu Z, Zheng L, Cui Y, Wang J, Huang Y, Yan Z. Adenovirus encoding XAF-1 and TNF‑α in the same open reading frame efficiently inhibits hepatocellular cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:5169-76. [PMID: 27121136 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)‑associated factor 1 (XAF‑1), a tumor suppressor, is downregulated in most human malignant tumors. However, the tumor suppressive role of XAF‑1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its therapeutic value require further elucidation. The present study examined the expression of XAF‑1 at the mRNA and protein level in the HCC and paired peritumor tissue specimens, as well as in HCC cell lines and a normal liver cell line. A recombinant adenovirus which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α was then constructed, and its effects on the proliferation and colony formation ability of the MHCC97H HCC cell line were assessed using apoptosis induction, flow cytometry, trypan blue staining assay and a clonogenic assay. The results demonstrated that the expression of XAF‑1 was significantly reduced in HCC tissues compared with that in their matched peritumor specimens, and a significant correlation with the tumor size, stage and tumor ‑ nodes ‑ metastasis stage was identified. The reduced levels of XAF‑1 were further confirmed the HCC cell lines MHCC97L, HepG2 and MHCC97H compared with those in the L02 normal liver cell line. The recombinant adenovirus Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α, which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α, was shown to efficiently express the two proteins at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, infection with Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α synergistically induced apoptosis, reduced the proliferation and colony formation ability of MHCC97L cells to a significantly greater extent than overexpression of XAF‑1 or TNF‑α individually. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to construct an adenovirus which co‑expressed XAF‑1 and TNF‑α in the same open reading frame and expressed them proportionally. As Ad‑XAF‑1&TNF‑α inhibited HCC cells with enhanced efficiency, it may be applicable for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatobiliary Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hepatobiliary Treatment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liansheng Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Cui
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- Department of Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014030, P.R. China
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22
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Victoria-Acosta G, Vazquez-Santillan K, Jimenez-Hernandez L, Muñoz-Galindo L, Maldonado V, Martinez-Ruiz GU, Melendez-Zajgla J. Epigenetic silencing of the XAF1 gene is mediated by the loss of CTCF binding. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14838. [PMID: 26443201 PMCID: PMC4595840 DOI: 10.1038/srep14838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
XAF1 is a tumour suppressor gene that compromises cell viability by modulating different cellular events such as mitosis, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In cancer, the XAF1 gene is commonly silenced by CpG-dinucleotide hypermethylation of its promoter. DNA demethylating agents induce transcriptional reactivation of XAF1, sensitizing cancer cells to therapy. The molecular mechanisms that mediate promoter CpG methylation have not been previously studied. Here, we demonstrate that CTCF interacts with the XAF1 promoter in vivo in a methylation-sensitive manner. By transgene assays, we demonstrate that CTCF mediates the open-chromatin configuration of the XAF1 promoter, inhibiting both CpG-dinucleotide methylation and repressive histone posttranslational modifications. In addition, the absence of CTCF in the XAF1 promoter inhibits transcriptional activation induced by well-known apoptosis activators. We report for the first time that epigenetic silencing of the XAF1 gene is a consequence of the loss of CTCF binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Victoria-Acosta
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Jimenez-Hernandez
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Laura Muñoz-Galindo
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, México
| | - Gustavo Ulises Martinez-Ruiz
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico.,Unit of Investigative Research on Oncological Disease, Children's Hospital of Mexico "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico D.F., 14610, Mexico
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23
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Kim KS, Heo JI, Choi KJ, Bae S. Enhancement of cellular radiation sensitivity through degradation of Chk1 by the XIAP-XAF1 complex. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1622-34. [PMID: 25535897 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.962305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and Chk1 are potential molecular targets in radiotherapy. However, their molecular association in the regulation of radiation sensitivity has been rarely studied. Here, we show that XIAP modulates radiation sensitivity by regulating stability of Chk1 in lung cancer cells. Both Chk1 and XIAP are highly expressed in various lung cancer cells. Overexpression of XIAP increased cell survival following genotoxic treatments by preventing downregulation of Chk1. However, XIAP reversed Chk1-protective activity in the presence of XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) by degrading Chk1 via ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal proteolysis. The XIAP-XAF1 complex-mediated Chk1 degradation also required CUL4A and DDB1. Chk1 or XIAP was associated with DDB1 and CUL4A. Depletion of CUL4A or DDB1 prevented the XIAP-XAF1-mediated Chk1 degradation suggesting involvement of a CUL4A/DDB1-based E3 ubiquitin ligase in the process or its collaboration with XIAP E3 ligase activity. Taken together, our findings show that XIAP plays a dual role in modulation of Chk1 stability and cell viability following IR. In the absence of XAF1, XIAP stabilizes Chk1 under IR with corresponding increase of cell viability. By contrast, when XAF1 is overexpressed, XIAP facilitates Chk1 degradation, which leads to enhancement of radiation sensitivity. This selective regulation of Chk1 stability by XIAP and XAF1 could be harnessed to devise a strategy to modulate radiation sensitivity in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Seok Kim
- a Division of Radiation Effects; Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences ; Seoul , Republic of Korea
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24
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CC-122, a pleiotropic pathway modifier, mimics an interferon response and has antitumor activity in DLBCL. Blood 2015; 126:779-89. [PMID: 26002965 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-628669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of the Cullin 4 RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is the target of the immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Recently, it was demonstrated that binding of these drugs to CRBN promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of 2 common substrates, transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros. Here we report that CC-122, a new chemical entity termed pleiotropic pathway modifier, binds CRBN and promotes degradation of Aiolos and Ikaros in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and T cells in vitro, in vivo, and in patients, resulting in both cell autonomous as well as immunostimulatory effects. In DLBCL cell lines, CC-122-induced degradation or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Aiolos and Ikaros correlates with increased transcription of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes independent of IFN-α, -β, and -γ production and/or secretion and results in apoptosis in both activated B-cell (ABC) and germinal center B-cell DLBCL cell lines. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the cell-of-origin independent antilymphoma activity of CC-122, in contrast to the ABC subtype selective activity of lenalidomide.
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25
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X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor l (XAFl) enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin. Med Oncol 2014; 31:273. [PMID: 25367849 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate the roles of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor l (XAFl) in regulation apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells after treatment with cisplatin (DDP). A total of ten paired cancerous and non-cancerous tissues were collected from patients with CRC after surgery. The levels of XAFl protein were detected by Western blot. Primary CRC cells were separated from cancer tissues, and its viability or apoptosis after treatment with DDP was determined with MTT or Annexin V/PI assays, respectively. Furthermore, we either up-regulated transfecting a XAF1 overexpression vector or down-regulated XAF1 by siRNA interference. And then, the XAF1 levels and its sensitivity to cisplatin were assessed. XAFl had a lower expression in the cancerous tissues from samples T1, T2 and T3 than their paired non-cancerous tissues N1, N2 and N3. However, the expression of XAF1 was not detected in samples T4 and N1. XAF1 levels in cancer tissues significantly decreased in comparison with normal tissues. Cell abilities of primary cells were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, after treatment with a series concentrations of cisplatin (2, 5, 10 μg/mL) for 48 h. Although, after down-expression of XAFl by siRNA, cisplatin caused a significant decreases in apoptosis rates in CRC cells. The up-regulation of XAF1 distinctly increased apoptosis in CRC cells administered by cisplatin (P < 0.001). The XAFl could promoted apoptosis and enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity to cisplatin in CRC cells.
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26
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Lou YF, Zou ZZ, Chen PJ, Huang GB, Li B, Zheng DQ, Yu XR, Luo XY. Combination of gefitinib and DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine exerts synergistic anti-cancer activity in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97719. [PMID: 24874286 PMCID: PMC4038521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of human colon cancer, the chemotherapy efficacy against colon cancer is still unsatisfactory. In the present study, effects of concomitant inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and DNA methyltransferase were examined in human colon cancer cells. We demonstrated that decitabine (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) synergized with gefitinib (an EGFR inhibitor) to reduce cell viability and colony formation in SW1116 and LOVO cells. However, the combination of the two compounds displayed minimal toxicity to NCM460 cells, a normal human colon mucosal epithelial cell line. The combination was also more effective at inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/S6 kinase pathway. In addition, the combination of decitabine with gefitinib markedly inhibited colon cancer cell migration. Furthermore, gefitinib synergistically enhanced decitabine-induced cytotoxicity was primarily due to apoptosis as shown by Annexin V labeling that was attenuated by z-VAD-fmk, a pan caspase inhibitor. Concomitantly, cell apoptosis resulting from the co-treatment of gefitinib and decitabine was accompanied by induction of BAX, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, along with reduction of Bcl-2 compared to treatment with either drug alone. Interestingly, combined treatment with these two drugs increased the expression of XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) which play an important role in cell apoptosis. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) depletion of XAF1 significantly attenuated colon cancer cells apoptosis induced by the combination of the two drugs. Our findings suggested that gefitinib in combination with decitabine exerted enhanced cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells were involved in mitochondrial-mediated pathway and induction of XAF1 expression. In conclusion, based on the observations from our study, we suggested that the combined administration of these two drugs might be considered as a novel therapeutic regimen for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-feng Lou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Zheng-zhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-jia Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Guo-bin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - De-qing Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Donghua Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiu-rong Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-yong Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Gala MK, Mizukami Y, Le LP, Moriichi K, Austin T, Yamamoto M, Lauwers GY, Bardeesy N, Chung DC. Germline mutations in oncogene-induced senescence pathways are associated with multiple sessile serrated adenomas. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:520-9. [PMID: 24512911 PMCID: PMC3978775 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about the genetic factors that contribute to the development of sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs). SSAs contain somatic mutations in BRAF or KRAS early in development. However, evidence from humans and mouse models indicates that these mutations result in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) of intestinal crypt cells. Progression to serrated neoplasia requires cells to escape OIS via inactivation of tumor suppressor pathways. We investigated whether subjects with multiple SSAs carry germline loss-of function mutations (nonsense and splice site) in genes that regulate OIS: the p16-Rb and ATM-ATR DNA damage response pathways. METHODS Through a bioinformatic analysis of the literature, we identified a set of genes that function at the main nodes of the p16-Rb and ATM-ATR DNA damage response pathways. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 20 unrelated subjects with multiple SSAs; most had features of serrated polyposis. We compared sequences with those from 4300 subjects matched for ethnicity (controls). We also used an integrative genomics approach to identify additional genes involved in senescence mechanisms. RESULTS We identified mutations in genes that regulate senescence (ATM, PIF1, TELO2,XAF1, and RBL1) in 5 of 20 subjects with multiple SSAs (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–8.9; P =.04). In 2 subjects,we found nonsense mutations in RNF43, indicating that it is also associated with multiple serrated polyps (odds ratio, 460; 95% confidence interval, 23.1–16,384; P = 6.8 x 10(-5)). In knockdown experiments with pancreatic duct cells exposed to UV light, RNF43 appeared to function as a regulator of ATMATRDNA damage response. CONCLUSIONS We associated germline loss-of-function variants in genes that regulate senescence pathways with the development of multiple SSAs.We identified RNF43 as a regulator of the DNA damage response and associated nonsense variants in this gene with a high risk of developing SSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Gala
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Center for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Long P. Le
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Austin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masayoshi Yamamoto
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gregory Y. Lauwers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pathology and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel C. Chung
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Medicine, G.I. Unit and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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28
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Treeck O, Belgutay D, Häring J, Schüler S, Lattrich C, Ortmann O. Network analysis of icb-1 gene function in human breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2979-88. [PMID: 22565810 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Icb-1 is a human gene previously described by our group to exert important functions in cancer cells of different origin. We now performed microarray-based gene expression profiling with subsequent network modeling to further elucidate the role of icb-1 in breast cancer cells. Analyzing the effect of icb-1 knockdown on the transcriptome of MCF-7 cells, we found 151 differentially expressed genes exhibiting more than twofold changes, 97 of which were up- and 54 downregulated. Most of the upregulated genes were cancer-related genes associated with poor prognosis, invasion and metastasis, building an oncogenic network of TNF target genes. On the other hand, network analysis identified the downregulated genes to be primarily involved in interferon signaling and cellular apoptosis. Confirming these network data, we observed that cells with reduced levels of icb-1 exhibited an impaired response to the apoptosis inducers tamoxifen, staurosporine, actinomycin, and camptothecin. The data of this study suggest that icb-1 might exert a tumor-suppressor function in breast cancer and that its loss might confer relative resistance of breast cancer cells to apoptotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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29
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Ribeiro R, Monteiro C, Catalán V, Hu P, Cunha V, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Fraga A, Príncipe P, Lobato C, Lobo F, Morais A, Silva V, Sanches-Magalhães J, Oliveira J, Pina F, Lopes C, Medeiros R, Frühbeck G. Obesity and prostate cancer: gene expression signature of human periprostatic adipose tissue. BMC Med 2012; 10:108. [PMID: 23009291 PMCID: PMC3523039 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprostatic (PP) adipose tissue surrounds the prostate, an organ with a high predisposition to become malignant. Frequently, growing prostatic tumor cells extend beyond the prostatic organ towards this fat depot. This study aimed to determine the genome-wide expression of genes in PP adipose tissue in obesity/overweight (OB/OW) and prostate cancer patients. METHODS Differentially expressed genes in human PP adipose tissue were identified using microarrays. Analyses were conducted according to the donors' body mass index characteristics (OB/OW versus lean) and prostate disease (extra prostatic cancer versus organ confined prostate cancer versus benign prostatic hyperplasia). Selected genes with altered expression were validated by real-time PCR. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to investigate gene ontology, canonical pathways and functional networks. RESULTS In the PP adipose tissue of OB/OW subjects, we found altered expression of genes encoding molecules involved in adipogenic/anti-lipolytic, proliferative/anti-apoptotic, and mild immunoinflammatory processes (for example, FADS1, down-regulated, and LEP and ANGPT1, both up-regulated). Conversely, in the PP adipose tissue of subjects with prostate cancer, altered genes were related to adipose tissue cellular activity (increased cell proliferation/differentiation, cell cycle activation and anti-apoptosis), whereas a downward impact on immunity and inflammation was also observed, mostly related to the complement (down-regulation of CFH). Interestingly, we found that the microRNA MIRLET7A2 was overexpressed in the PP adipose tissue of prostate cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and excess adiposity modified the expression of PP adipose tissue genes to ultimately foster fat mass growth. In patients with prostate cancer the expression profile of PP adipose tissue accounted for hypercellularity and reduced immunosurveillance. Both findings may be liable to promote a favorable environment for prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro
- Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Ed, Laboratórios-Piso 4, Rua Dr, António Bernardino de Almeida 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
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30
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Liao W, Zhao R, Lu L, Zhang R, Zou J, Xu T, Wu C, Tang J, Deng Y, Lu X. Overexpression of a novel osteopetrosis-related gene CCDC154 suppresses cell proliferation by inducing G2/M arrest. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3270-9. [PMID: 22895184 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopetrosis, a disorder of skeletal bone, can cause death during childhood. We previously described a new spontaneous autosomal recessive osteopetrosis mouse mutant, "new toothless" (ntl). In this study, we reported for the first time the identification, cloning and characterization of the coiled-coil domain-containing 154 (CCDC154), a novel gene whose deletion of ~5 kb sequence including exons 1-6 was completely linked to the ntl mutant. The CCDC154 was conserved between mouse and human and is wildly expressed in mouse tissues. The cellular localization of CCDC154 was in the early endosomes. Overexpression of CCDC154 inhibited cell proliferation of HEK293 cells by inducing G 2/M arrest. CCDC154 also inhibited tumor cell growth, and the soft agar assay revealed a significant decrease of the colony size of Hela cells upon transfection of CCDC154. Our results indicate that CCDC154 is a novel osteopetrosis-related gene involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqin Liao
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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31
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Kim KS, Choi KJ, Bae S. Interferon-gamma enhances radiation-induced cell death via downregulation of Chk1. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1018-25. [PMID: 22825336 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a cytokine with roles in immune responses as well as in tumor control. Interferon is often used in cancer treatment together with other therapies. Here we report a novel approach to enhancement of cancer cell killing by combined treatment of IFNγ with ionizing radiation. We found that IFNγ treatment alone in HeLa cells induced phosphorylation of Chk1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and resulted in cell arrest. Moreover IFNγ treatment was correlated with attenuation of Chk1 as the treatment shortened protein half-life of Chk1. As Chk1 is an essential cell cycle regulator for viability after DNA damage, attenuation of Chk1 by IFNγ pre-treatment in HeLa cells resulted in increased cell death following ionizing radiation about 2-folds than ionizing radiation treatment alone whereas IFNγ treatment alone had little effect on cell death. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1), an IFN-induced gene, seems to partly regulate IFNγ-induced Chk1 destabilization and radiation sensitivity because transient depletion of XAF1 by siRNA prevented IFNγ-induced Chk1 attenuation and partly protected cells from IFNγ-enhanced radiation cell killing. Therefore the results provide a novel rationale to combine IFNγ pretreatment and DNA-damaging anti-cancer drugs such as ionizing radiation to enhance cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Seok Kim
- Divisions of Radiation Effects, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Sun PH, Zhu LM, Qiao MM, Zhang YP, Jiang SH, Wu YL, Tu SP. The XAF1 tumor suppressor induces autophagic cell death via upregulation of Beclin-1 and inhibition of Akt pathway. Cancer Lett 2011; 310:170-80. [PMID: 21788101 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is designated as type II programmed cell death and may confer a tumor-suppressive function. Our previous studies have shown that XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in gastric cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of XAF1 on the induction of autophagy in gastric cancer cells. We found that adenovirus vector-mediated XAF1 (adeno-XAF1) expression markedly induced autophagy, upregulated the level of Beclin-1 and inhibited phospho-Akt and phospho-p70S6K in gastric cancer cells. The downregulation of Beclin 1 or 3-methyladenine treatment suppressed adeno-XAF1-induced autophagy, but significantly enhanced adeno-XAF1-induced apoptosis. A pan-caspase inhibitor prevented adeno-XAF1-induced apoptosis, but significantly increased adeno-XAF1-induced autophagy. Furthermore, adeno-XAF1 induced autophagy in xenograft tumor and inhibited tumor growth. Our results document that adeno-XAF1 induces autophagy through upregulation of Beclin 1 expression and inhibition of Akt/p70S6K pathway, and reveal a new mechanism of XAF1 tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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Zhang P, Wang X, Xiong S, Wen S, Gao S, Wang L, Cao B. Genome Wide Expression Analysis of the Effect of the Chinese Patent Medicine Zilongjin Tablet on Four Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1472-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd; 17# Zhongxin Building, Baidi Road, Nankai District; Tianjin; 300193; China
| | - Xin Wang
- Tianjin Long Shun Rong Pharmaceutical Factory of Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd; 21# the 10th Street, TEDA; Tianjin; 300457; China
| | - Songjin Xiong
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation; 23# HongDa Street, TEDA; Tianjin; 300457; China
| | - Shaoping Wen
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation; 23# HongDa Street, TEDA; Tianjin; 300457; China
| | - Song Gao
- Tianjin Long Shun Rong Pharmaceutical Factory of Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd; 21# the 10th Street, TEDA; Tianjin; 300457; China
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Four and a half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) negatively regulates the transcription of E-cadherin through interaction with Snail1. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hertoghs KML, Moerland PD, van Stijn A, Remmerswaal EBM, Yong SL, van de Berg PJEJ, van Ham SM, Baas F, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. Molecular profiling of cytomegalovirus-induced human CD8+ T cell differentiation. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4077-90. [PMID: 20921622 DOI: 10.1172/jci42758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune response to viral pathogens. Persistent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection results in a strong increase in the number of virus-specific, quiescent effector-type CD8+ T cells with constitutive cytolytic activity, but the molecular pathways involved in the induction and maintenance of these cells are unknown. We show here that HCMV infection induced acute and lasting changes in the transcriptomes of virus-reactive T cells collected from HCMV-seropositive patients at distinct stages of infection. Enhanced cell cycle and metabolic activity was restricted to the acute phase of the response, but at all stages, HCMV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed the Th1-associated transcription factors T-bet (TBX21) and eomesodermin (EOMES), in parallel with continuous expression of IFNG mRNA and IFN-γ-regulated genes. The cytolytic proteins granzyme B and perforin as well as the fractalkine-binding chemokine receptor CX3CR1 were found in virus-reactive cells throughout the response. During HCMV latency, virus-specific CD8+ T cells lacked the typical features of exhausted cells found in other chronic infections. Persistent effector cell traits together with the permanent changes in chemokine receptor usage of virus-specific, nonexhausted, long-lived CD8+ T cells may be crucial to maintain lifelong protection from HCMV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M L Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Jiang B, Peng J, Tu S, Sardet C, Zhang Y, Pang R, Hung IF, Tan VPY, Lam CSC, Wang J, Wong BC. XIAP-associated factor 1 interacts with and attenuates the trans-activity of four and a Half LIM protein 2. Mol Carcinog 2010; 50:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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