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Bae SY, Bergom HE, Day A, Greene JT, Sychev ZE, Larson G, Corey E, Plymate SR, Freedman TS, Hwang JH, Drake JM. ZBTB7A as a novel vulnerability in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1093332. [PMID: 37065756 PMCID: PMC10090553 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1093332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive subtype of prostate cancer. NEPC is characterized by the loss of androgen receptor (AR) signaling and transdifferentiation toward small-cell neuroendocrine (SCN) phenotypes, which results in resistance to AR-targeted therapy. NEPC resembles other SCN carcinomas clinically, histologically and in gene expression. Here, we leveraged SCN phenotype scores of various cancer cell lines and gene depletion screens from the Cancer Dependency Map (DepMap) to identify vulnerabilities in NEPC. We discovered ZBTB7A, a transcription factor, as a candidate promoting the progression of NEPC. Cancer cells with high SCN phenotype scores showed a strong dependency on RET kinase activity with a high correlation between RET and ZBTB7A dependencies in these cells. Utilizing informatic modeling of whole transcriptome sequencing data from patient samples, we identified distinct gene networking patterns of ZBTB7A in NEPC versus prostate adenocarcinoma. Specifically, we observed a robust association of ZBTB7A with genes promoting cell cycle progression, including apoptosis regulating genes. Silencing ZBTB7A in a NEPC cell line confirmed the dependency on ZBTB7A for cell growth via suppression of the G1/S transition in the cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Collectively, our results highlight the oncogenic function of ZBTB7A in NEPC and emphasize the value of ZBTB7A as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting NEPC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hannah E. Bergom
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Abderrahman Day
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph T. Greene
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zoi E. Sychev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gabrianne Larson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tanya S. Freedman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Justin H. Hwang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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2
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Roupakia E, Markopoulos GS, Kolettas E. Genes and pathways involved in senescence bypass identified by functional genetic screens. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 194:111432. [PMID: 33422562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable and irreversible cell cycle arrest with active metabolism, that normal cells undergo after a finite number of divisions (Hayflick limit). Senescence can be triggered by intrinsic and/or extrinsic stimuli including telomere shortening at the end of a cell's lifespan (telomere-initiated senescence) and in response to oxidative, genotoxic or oncogenic stresses (stress-induced premature senescence). Several effector mechanisms have been proposed to explain senescence programmes in diploid cells, including the induction of DNA damage responses, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and epigenetic changes. Senescent cells display senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity and undergo chromatin remodeling resulting in heterochromatinisation. Senescence is established by the pRb and p53 tumour suppressor networks. Senescence has been detected in in vitro cellular settings and in premalignant, but not malignant lesions in mice and humans expressing mutant oncogenes. Despite oncogene-induced senescence, which is believed to be a cancer initiating barrier and other tumour suppressive mechanisms, benign cancers may still develop into malignancies by bypassing senescence. Here, we summarise the functional genetic screens that have identified genes, uncovered pathways and characterised mechanisms involved in senescence evasion. These include cell cycle regulators and tumour suppressor pathways, DNA damage response pathways, epigenetic regulators, SASP components and noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Roupakia
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45100, Greece; Biomedical Research Division, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
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3
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Gupta S, Singh AK, Prajapati KS, Kushwaha PP, Shuaib M, Kumar S. Emerging role of ZBTB7A as an oncogenic driver and transcriptional repressor. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:22-34. [PMID: 32348807 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ZBTB7A is a member of the POK family of transcription factors that possesses a POZ-domain at the N-terminus and Krüppel-like zinc-finger at the c-terminus. ZBTB7A was initially isolated as a protein that binds to the inducer of the short transcript of HIV-1 virus TAT gene promoter. The protein forms a homodimer through protein-protein interaction via the N-terminus POZ-domains. ZBTB7A typically binds to the DNA elements through its zinc-finger domains and represses transcription both by modification of the chromatin organization and through the direct recruitment of transcription factors to gene regulatory regions. ZBTB7A is involved in several fundamental biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. It also participates in hematopoiesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, cellular metabolism and alternative splicing of BCLXL, DNA repair, development of oligodendrocytes, osteoclast and unfolded protein response. Aberrant ZBTB7A expression promotes oncogenic transformation and tumor progression, but also maintains a tumor suppressive role depending on the type and genetic context of cancer. In this comprehensive review we provide information about the structure, function, targets, and regulators of ZBTB7A and its role as an oncogenic driver and transcriptional repressor in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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4
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Constantinou C, Spella M, Chondrou V, Patrinos GP, Papachatzopoulou A, Sgourou A. The multi-faceted functioning portrait of LRF/ZBTB7A. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:66. [PMID: 31823818 PMCID: PMC6905007 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) consisting of zinc fingers combined with BTB (for broad-complex, tram-track, and bric-a-brac) domain (ZBTB) are a highly conserved protein family that comprises a multifunctional and heterogeneous group of TFs, mainly modulating cell developmental events and cell fate. LRF/ZBTB7A, in particular, is reported to be implicated in a wide variety of physiological and cancer-related cell events. These physiological processes include regulation of erythrocyte maturation, B/T cell differentiation, adipogenesis, and thymic insulin expression affecting consequently insulin self-tolerance. In cancer, LRF/ZBTB7A has been reported to act either as oncogenic or as oncosuppressive factor by affecting specific cell processes (proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, etc) in opposed ways, depending on cancer type and molecular interactions. The molecular mechanisms via which LRF/ZBTB7A is known to exert either physiological or cancer-related cellular effects include chromatin organization and remodeling, regulation of the Notch signaling axis, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, epigenetic-dependent regulation of transcription, regulation of the expression and activity of NF-κB and p53, and regulation of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect). It is a pleiotropic TF, and thus, alterations to its expression status become detrimental for cell survival. This review summarizes its implication in different cellular activities and the commonly invoked molecular mechanisms triggered by LRF/ZBTB7A’s orchestrated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Constantinou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Magda Spella
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chondrou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Argyro Sgourou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.
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5
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Sun G, Peng B, Xie Q, Ruan J, Liang X. Upregulation of ZBTB7A exhibits a tumor suppressive role in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2635-2641. [PMID: 29207095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer presents as a complex solid tumor and is the third leading cause of global cancer‑associated mortality. The genetic alterations in gastric cancer remain unclear and deserve further investigation. Mining The Cancer Genome Atlas gastric adenocarcinoma dataset identified a frequent loss of the zinc finger and BTB domain containing 7A (ZBTB7A) gene locus and a significant correlation between low ZBTB7A expression and poor patient survival. ZBTB7A belongs to the POZ/BTB and Kruppel transcription factor family. In the present study, overexpression of ZBTB7A in a gastric cancer cell line induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Upregulation of ZBTB7A also promoted apoptosis and repressed cell migration. The results of the present study indicated that ZBTB7A functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer cells. Understanding the role of ZBTB7A in gastric cancer may provide important clinical insight for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Quan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Xianwen Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Haikou Municipal People's Hospital, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
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6
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Lee WJ, Škalamera D, Dahmer-Heath M, Shakhbazov K, Ranall MV, Fox C, Lambie D, Stevenson AJ, Yaswen P, Gonda TJ, Gabrielli B. Genome-Wide Overexpression Screen Identifies Genes Able to Bypass p16-Mediated Senescence in Melanoma. SLAS DISCOVERY 2016; 22:298-308. [PMID: 27872202 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116679592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanomas often arise from nevi, which result from initial oncogene-induced hyperproliferation of melanocytes that are maintained in a CDKN2A/p16-mediated senescent state. Thus, genes that can bypass this senescence barrier are likely to contribute to melanoma development. We have performed a gain-of-function screen of 17,030 lentivirally expressed human open reading frames (ORFs) in a melanoma cell line containing an inducible p16 construct to identify such genes. Genes known to bypass p16-induced senescence arrest, including the human papilloma virus 18 E7 gene ( HPV18E7), and genes such as the p16-binding CDK6 with expected functions, as well as panel of novel genes, were identified, including high-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins. A number of these were further validated in two other models of p16-induced senescence. Tissue immunohistochemistry demonstrated higher levels of CDK6 in primary melanomas compared with normal skin and nevi. Reduction of CDK6 levels drove melanoma cells expressing functional p16 into senescence, demonstrating its contribution to bypass senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jae Lee
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dubravka Škalamera
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mareike Dahmer-Heath
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Konstanin Shakhbazov
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Max V Ranall
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carly Fox
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Duncan Lambie
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander J Stevenson
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Yaswen
- 2 Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gonda
- 3 School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- 1 The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Xie Y, Naizabekov S, Chen Z, Tokay T. Power of PTEN/AKT: Molecular switch between tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:375-378. [PMID: 27347153 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has shown that tumor suppressors can become oncogenes, or vice versa, but the mechanism behind this is unclear. Recent findings have suggested that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is one of the powerful switches for the conversion between tumor suppressors and oncogenes. PTEN regulates a number of cellular processes, including cell death and proliferation, through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. Furthermore, a number of studies have suggested that PTEN deletions may alter various functions of certain tumor suppressor and oncogenic proteins. The aim of the present review was to analyze specific cases driven by PTEN loss/AKT activation, including aberrant signaling pathways and novel drug targets for clinical application in personalized medicine. The findings illustrate how PTEN loss and/or AKT activation switches MDM2-dependent p53 downregulation, and induces conversion between oncogene and tumor suppressor in enhancer of zeste homolog 2, BTB domain-containing 7A, alternative reading frame 2, p27 and breast cancer 1, early onset, through multiple mechanisms. This review highlights the genetic basis of complex drug targets and provides insights into the rationale of precision cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Sanzhar Naizabekov
- Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, School of Science and Technology, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanlin Chen
- Lipscomb University, Lipscomb Academy, Nashville, TN 37204, USA
| | - Tursonjan Tokay
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
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8
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Cao Z, Li X, Li J, Luo W, Huang C, Chen J. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) lacking RING domain localizes to the nuclear and promotes cancer cell anchorage-independent growth by targeting the E2F1/Cyclin E axis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7126-37. [PMID: 25216527 PMCID: PMC4196189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is a well-documented protein that is located in cytoplasm acting as a potent regulator of cell apoptosis. Here, we showed that expressing XIAP with RING (Really Interesting New Gene) domain deletion (XIAPΔRING) in cancer cells promoted cancer cell anchorage-independent growth and G1/S phase transition companied with increasing cyclin e transcription activity and protein expression. Further studies revealed that XIAPΔRING was mainly localized in nuclear with increased binding with E2F1, whereas XIAP with BIR (Baculoviral IAP Repeat) domains deletion (XIAPΔBIRs) was entirely presented in cytoplasma with losing its binding with E2F1, suggesting that RING domain was able to inhibit BIR domains nuclear localization, by which impaired BIRs binding with E2F1 in cellular nucleus in intact cells. These studies identified a new function of XIAP protein in cellular nucleus is to regulate E2F1 transcriptional activity by binding with E2F1 in cancer cells. Our current finding of an effect of XIAPΔRING expression on cancer cell anchorage-independent growth suggests that overexpression of this protein may contribute to genetic instability associated with cell cycle and checkpoint perturbations, in addition to its impact on cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Xueyong Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY, USA
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Kaplon J, Hömig-Hölzel C, Gao L, Meissl K, Verdegaal EME, van der Burg SH, van Doorn R, Peeper DS. Near-genomewide RNAi screening for regulators of BRAF(V600E) -induced senescence identifies RASEF, a gene epigenetically silenced in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:640-52. [PMID: 24703243 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The activation of oncogenes in primary cells blocks proliferation by inducing oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a highly potent in vivo tumor-suppressing program. A prime example is mutant BRAF, which drives OIS in melanocytic nevi. Progression to melanoma occurs only in the context of additional alteration(s) like the suppression of PTEN, which abrogates OIS. Here, we performed a near-genomewide short hairpin (sh)RNA screen for novel OIS regulators and identified by next generation sequencing and functional validation seven genes. While all but one were upregulated in OIS, depletion of each of them abrogated BRAF(V) (600E) -induced arrest. With genome-wide DNA methylation analysis, we found one of these genes, RASEF, to be hypermethylated in primary cutaneous melanomas but not nevi. Bypass of OIS by depletion of RASEF was associated with suppression of several senescence biomarkers including senescence-associated (SA)-β-galactosidase activity, interleukins, and tumor suppressor p15(INK) (4B) . Restoration of RASEF expression inhibited proliferation. These results illustrate the power of shRNA OIS bypass screens and identify a potential novel melanoma suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaplon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Yik JH, Li H, Acharya C, Kumari R, Fierro F, Haudenschild DR, Nolta J, Di Cesare PE. The Oncogene LRF Stimulates Proliferation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Inhibits Their Chondrogenic Differentiation. Cartilage 2013; 4:329-38. [PMID: 26069677 PMCID: PMC4297155 DOI: 10.1177/1947603513497570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oncogene leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) enhances chondrosarcoma proliferation and malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the roles of LRF in chondrogenic differentiation of primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). DESIGN LRF was overexpressed in BMSC by lentiviral transduction. Chondrogenic differentiation of BMSC was induced by high-density pellet culture. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate changes in protein and mRNA levels, respectively, during chondrogenesis. Safranin-O staining, immunohistochemistry, and glycoaminoglycan contents were used to assess cartilage matrix deposition. BMSC proliferation was determined by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cell counting. Cell cycle profiling was performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS LRF overexpression effectively inhibited protein and mRNA expression of chondrocyte markers and cartilage matrix deposition during chondrogenesis of BMSC. Endogenous LRF expression was constitutively high in undifferentiated BMSC but remained low in primary articular chondrocytes. Endogenous LRF protein was downregulated in a time-dependent manner during chondrogenesis. BMSCs overexpressing LRF had higher proliferation rates and cell population in the S phase. LRF suppressed p53 expression during chondrogenesis and this might prevent differentiating chondrocytes from entering a quiescent state. CONCLUSION Our data showed that LRF is important for stimulating stem cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. It is known that LRF is highly expressed in the mouse limb buds prior to overt chondrogenesis; thus, LRF might function to prevent premature chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper H.N. Yik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Chitrangada Acharya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Fierro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dominik R. Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Di Cesare
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Wang G, Lunardi A, Zhang J, Chen Z, Ala U, Webster KA, Tay Y, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Egia A, Shaffer DR, Carver B, Liu XS, Taulli R, Kuo WP, Nardella C, Signoretti S, Cordon-Cardo C, Gerald WL, Pandolfi PP. Zbtb7a suppresses prostate cancer through repression of a Sox9-dependent pathway for cellular senescence bypass and tumor invasion. Nat Genet 2013; 45:739-746. [PMID: 23727861 PMCID: PMC4036521 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lrf has been previously described as a powerful proto-oncogene. Here we surprisingly demonstrate that Lrf plays a critical oncosuppressive role in the prostate. Prostate specific inactivation of Lrf leads to a dramatic acceleration of Pten-loss-driven prostate tumorigenesis through a bypass of Pten-loss-induced senescence (PICS). We show that LRF physically interacts with and functionally antagonizes SOX9 transcriptional activity on key target genes such as MIA, which is involved in tumor cell invasion, and H19, a long non-coding RNA precursor for an Rb-targeting miRNA. Inactivation of Lrf in vivo leads to Rb down-regulation, PICS bypass and invasive prostate cancer. Importantly, we found that LRF is genetically lost, as well as down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in a subset of human advanced prostate cancers. Thus, we identify LRF as a context-dependent cancer gene that can act as an oncogene in some contexts but also displays oncosuppressive-like activity in Pten−/− tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Wang
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,BCMB Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Ugo Ala
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Webster
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Enrique Gonzalez-Billalabeitia
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ainara Egia
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - David R Shaffer
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Brett Carver
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Xue-Song Liu
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Winston Patrick Kuo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School Of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Preclinical Murine Pharmacogenetics Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. MA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - William L Gerald
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,BCMB Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021.,Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Chumduri C, Gurumurthy R, Zadora P, Mi Y, Meyer T. Chlamydia Infection Promotes Host DNA Damage and Proliferation but Impairs the DNA Damage Response. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:746-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
In the human genome, 43 different genes are found that encode proteins belonging to the family of the POK (poxvirus and zinc finger and Krüppel)/ZBTB (zinc finger and broad complex, tramtrack, and bric à brac) factors. Generally considered transcriptional repressors, several of these genes play fundamental roles in cell lineage fate decision in various tissues, programming specific tasks throughout the life of the organism. Here, we focus on functions of leukemia/lymphoma-related factor/POK erythroid myeloid ontogenic factor, which is probably one of the most exciting and yet enigmatic members of the POK/ZBTB family.
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Kumari R, Li H, Haudenschild DR, Fierro F, Carlson CS, Overn P, Gupta L, Gupta K, Nolta J, Yik JHN, Di Cesare PE. The oncogene LRF is a survival factor in chondrosarcoma and contributes to tumor malignancy and drug resistance. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2076-83. [PMID: 22847180 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a form of malignant skeletal tumor of cartilaginous origin. The non-malignant form of the disease is termed chondroma. Correctly distinguishing between the two forms is essential for making therapeutic decisions. However, due to their similar histological appearances and the lack of a reliable diagnostic marker, it is often difficult to distinguish benign tumors from low-grade chondrosarcoma. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a potential marker that has diagnostic and prognostic values in chondrosarcoma. In this study, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry that elevated leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) expression was associated with increased malignancy in human chondrosarcoma tissue microarrays. Moreover, siRNA depletion of LRF drastically reduced proliferation of chondrosarcoma cell lines and effectively induced senescence in these cells. This could be attributed to the observation that LRF-depleted cells were arrested at the G(1) phase, and had increased p53 and p21 expression. Moreover, LRF depletion not only drastically reduces the cellular migration and invasion potentials of chondrosarcoma cells but also sensitized these cells to the apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. We conclude that LRF is a survival factor in chondrosarcomas and its expression correlates with tumor malignancy and chemoresistance. Our data implicate the potential role of LRF as both a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for chondrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Kumari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence J. Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Center, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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15
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Colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression is accompanied by changes in gene expression associated with ageing, chromosomal instability, and fatty acid metabolism. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:53-63. [PMID: 22278361 PMCID: PMC3308003 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-011-0065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer develops in a multi-step manner from normal epithelium, through a pre-malignant lesion (so-called adenoma), into a malignant lesion (carcinoma), which invades surrounding tissues and eventually can spread systemically (metastasis). It is estimated that only about 5% of adenomas do progress to a carcinoma. Aim The present study aimed to unravel the biology of adenoma to carcinoma progression by mRNA expression profiling, and to identify candidate biomarkers for adenomas that are truly at high risk of progression. Methods Genome-wide mRNA expression profiles were obtained from a series of 37 colorectal adenomas and 31 colorectal carcinomas using oligonucleotide microarrays. Differentially expressed genes were validated in an independent colorectal gene expression data set. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify altered expression of sets of genes associated with specific biological processes, in order to better understand the biology of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression. Results mRNA expression of 248 genes was significantly different, of which 96 were upregulated and 152 downregulated in carcinomas compared to adenomas. Classification of adenomas and carcinomas using the expression of these genes showed to be very accurate, also when tested in an independent expression data set. Gene-sets associated with ageing (which is related to senescence) and chromosomal instability were upregulated, and a gene-set associated with fatty acid metabolism was downregulated in carcinomas compared to adenomas. Moreover, gene-sets associated with chromosomal location revealed chromosome 4q22 loss and chromosome 20q gain of gene-set expression as being relevant in this progression. Concluding remark These data are consistent with the notion that adenomas and carcinomas are distinct biological entities. Disruption of specific biological processes like senescence (ageing), maintenance of chromosomal instability and altered metabolism, are key factors in the progression from adenoma to carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13402-011-0065-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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