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Popov A, Hrudka J, Szabó A, Oliverius M, Šubrt Z, Vránová J, Ciprová V, Moravcová J, Mandys V. Expression of Selected miRNAs in Undifferentiated Carcinoma with Osteoclast-like Giant Cells (UCOGC) of the Pancreas: Comparison with Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:962. [PMID: 38790924 PMCID: PMC11117927 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGC) of the pancreas represents a rare subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite a distinct morphology and specific clinical behavior, UCOGCs exhibit unexpected similarities in regard to DNA mutational profiles with conventional PDAC. Treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is particularly challenging, with limited prospects for cure. As with many other malignant neoplasms, the exploration of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) in regulating the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer is undergoing extensive investigation to enhance tumor diagnostics and unveil the therapeutic possibilities. Herein, we evaluated the expression of miR-21, -96, -148a, -155, -196a, -210, and -217 in UCOGCs and poorly differentiated (grade 3, G3) PDACs. The expression of miR-21, miR-155, and miR-210 in both UCOGCs and G3 PDACs was significantly upregulated compared to the levels in normal tissue, while the levels of miR-148a and miR-217 were downregulated. We did not find any significant differences between cancerous and normal tissues for the expression of miR-96 and miR-196a in G3 PDACs, whereas miR-196a was slightly, but significantly, downregulated in UCOGCs. On the other hand, we have not observed significant differences in the expression of the majority of miRNAs between UCOGC and G3 PDAC, with the exception of miR-155. UCOGC samples demonstrated lower mean levels of miR-155 in comparison with those in G3 PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Jan Hrudka
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Arpád Szabó
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of Surgery, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.O.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Zdeněk Šubrt
- Department of Surgery, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.O.); (Z.Š.)
| | - Jana Vránová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vanda Ciprová
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Moravcová
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (A.S.)
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (A.S.)
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Lavacchi D, Polvani S, Taddei A, Scolari F, Messerini L, Caliman E, Moraldi L, Guidolin A, Grazi GL, Galli A, Pillozzi S, Antonuzzo L. KRAS-related miR-143 expression is associated with lymph node involvement and correlates with outcome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1295936. [PMID: 38130990 PMCID: PMC10735715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1295936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies; even after resection the patients' 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) is lower than 26%. The genetic mutational landscape of PC is dominated by activating KRAS mutations, that have been reported in approximately 90% of cases; however, beyond KRAS - direct mutations, several KRAS-targeting miRNAs appear to be downregulated, strengthening the already activated RAS signaling. In addition, the interplay between miRNAs and RAS includes poorly investigated downstream miRNAs. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of some of these candidate KRAS-related miRNAs. Patients and methods Between 2015 and 2022, 44 patients with pathologically confirmed PC, who received surgery and were enrolled by the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence (Italy). PC Total RNA was extracted from FFPE sections, retro-transcribed and the resulting cDNA was then used for qPCR analysis. A panel of KRAS-related miRNA (miR-155, miR-206 and miR-143) was analyzed. Results In this observational study patients sex distribution was unequal with 34.1% being male and 65.9% female. The most frequent tumor localization was the head of the pancreas (65.9%) and the pathological stages were pT1-2 (45.5%), pT3 (54.5%), pN0 (22.7%), pN+ (77.3%). Adjuvant therapy was administered to 63.6% of patients; disease recurrence was observed in 69% of cases. Twenty-three patients, whose RNA was of adequate quality, were used in the mRNAs expression studies. When comparing the miRNA expression between PC and a pool of healthy tissues, miR-155 was overexpressed and miR-206 downregulated in PC, while miR-143 expression was unchanged. However, when categorized in low- and high- miR-143 expressing PC (according to the median value), high miR-143 was associated with nodal involvement (pN+) (p=0.029), who in turn was linked with shorter DFS (p=0.009) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.021) compared to pN0. A trend toward inferior DFS was observed for higher expression of miR-206 (p=0.095) and miR-143 (p=0.092). Finally, responders to a first-line treatment for advanced disease had miR-155 overexpressed (p=0.048). Conclusions miRNAs are involved in PC tumorigenesis and metastatic spread. In light of miR-143 association with lymphatic spread and poor prognosis, a comprehensive analysis of miRNA interplay with KRAS deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Lavacchi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Polvani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- HPB Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Scolari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Messerini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Caliman
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Moraldi
- HPB Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Guidolin
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Grazi
- HPB Surgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Pillozzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Izdebska WM, Daniluk J, Niklinski J. Microbiome and MicroRNA or Long Non-Coding RNA-Two Modern Approaches to Understanding Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5643. [PMID: 37685710 PMCID: PMC10488817 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of humans' most common and fatal neoplasms. Nowadays, a number of PDAC studies are being conducted in two different fields: non-coding RNA (especially microRNA and long non-coding RNA) and microbiota. It has been recently discovered that not only does miRNA affect particular bacteria in the gut microbiome that can promote carcinogenesis in the pancreas, but the microbiome also has a visible impact on the miRNA. This suggests that it is possible to use the combined impact of the microbiome and noncoding RNA to suppress the development of PDAC. Nevertheless, insufficient research has focused on bounding both approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In this article, we summarize the recent literature on the molecular basis of carcinogenesis in the pancreas, the two-sided impact of particular types of non-coding RNA and the pancreatic cancer microbiome, and possible medical implications of the discovered phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Maria Izdebska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Daniluk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Ohana J, Sandler U, Devary O, Devary Y. Transformation of immunosuppressive mtKRAS tumors into immunostimulatory tumors by Nerofe and Doxorubicin. Oncotarget 2023; 14:688-699. [PMID: 37395796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) subfamily KRAS are frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancers and have been identified in pancreatic ductal, colorectal, and lung adenocarcinomas. In this study, we show that a derivative of the hormone peptide Tumor Cell Apoptosis Factor (TCApF), Nerofe™ (dTCApFs), in combination with Doxorubicin (DOX) substantially reduces viability of tumor cells. It was observed that the combination of Nerofe and DOX downregulated KRAS signaling via miR217 upregulation, resulting in enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, the combination of Nerofe and DOX also resulted in activation of the immune system against tumor cells, manifested by an increase in the immunostimulatory cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ as well as the recruitment of NK cells and M1 macrophages to the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ohana
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
| | - Uziel Sandler
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
- Department of Bio-Informatics, Lev Academic Center (JCT), Jerusalem 91160, Israel
| | - Orly Devary
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
| | - Yoram Devary
- Immune System Key (ISK) Ltd., Jerusalem 9746009, Israel
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Mandys V, Popov A, Gürlich R, Havránek J, Pfeiferová L, Kolář M, Vránová J, Smetana K, Lacina L, Szabo P. Expression of Selected miRNAs in Normal and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and in BxPc3 and MIA PaCa-2 Cell Lines of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043617. [PMID: 36835029 PMCID: PMC9961675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains challenging, and the chances of a complete cure are very limited. As in other types of cancer, the expression and role of miRNAs in controlling the biological properties of this type of tumor have been extensively studied. A better insight into miRNA biology seems critical to refining diagnostics and improving their therapeutic potential. In this study, we focused on the expression of miR-21, -96, -196a, -210, and -217 in normal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts prepared from a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. We compared these data with miRNAs in homogenates of paraffin-embedded sections from normal pancreatic tissues. In cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cell lines, miRNAs differed significantly from the normal tissue. In detail, miR-21 and -210 were significantly upregulated, while miR-217 was downregulated. Similar transcription profiles were earlier reported in cancer-associated fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. However, the cells in our study were cultured under normoxic conditions. We also noted a relation to IL-6 production. In conclusion, cultured cancer-associated fibroblasts and carcinoma cells reflect miR-21 and -210 expression similarly to the cancer tissue samples harvested from the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Mandys
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gürlich
- Department of Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havránek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pfeiferová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vránová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Smetana
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Szabo
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Mondal P, Patel NS, Bailey K, Aravind S, Cartwright SB, Hollingsworth MA, Lazenby AJ, Carlson MA. Induction of pancreatic neoplasia in the KRAS/TP53 Oncopig. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286617. [PMID: 36579622 PMCID: PMC9884120 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) remains low. Murine models may not adequately mimic human PC and can be too small for medical device development. A large-animal PC model could address these issues. We induced and characterized pancreatic tumors in Oncopigs (transgenic swine containing KRASG12D and TP53R167H). The oncopigs underwent injection of adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase (AdCre) into one of the main pancreatic ducts. Resultant tumors were characterized by histology, cytokine expression, exome sequencing and transcriptome analysis. Ten of 14 Oncopigs (71%) had gross tumor within 3 weeks. At necropsy, all of these subjects had gastric outlet obstruction secondary to pancreatic tumor and phlegmon. Oncopigs with injections without Cre recombinase and wild-type pigs with AdCre injection did not show notable effect. Exome and transcriptome analysis of the porcine pancreatic tumors revealed similarity to the molecular signatures and pathways of human PC. Although further optimization and validation of this porcine PC model would be beneficial, it is anticipated that this model will be useful for focused research and development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for PC. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Neesha S. Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Katie Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Shruthishree Aravind
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Sara B. Cartwright
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Audrey J. Lazenby
- Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Department of Surgery and VA Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Expression analysis of circulating miR-22, miR-122, miR-217 and miR-367 as promising biomarkers of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:255-265. [PMID: 36327023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of serum-based biomarkers such as microRNAs in cancer diagnosis has been extensively established. This study aimed to determine the expression levels of bioinformatically selected miRNAs and whether they can be used as biomarkers or a new therapeutic target in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of serum miR-22, miR-122, miR-217, and miR-367 in 21 ALL patients and 21 healthy controls were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the associated area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess candidate miRNAs' diagnostic value as a biomarker. RESULTS The results showed that miR-217 was markedly decreased in patients with ALL compared to controls. Moreover, miR-22, miR-122, and miR-367 were found to be upregulated. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that serum miR-217 and miR-367 could differentiate ALL patients from healthy individuals, while miR-22 has approximate discriminatory power that requires further investigation. CONCLUSION These results provide promising preliminary evidence that circulating miR-217 and miR-367 could be considered potent diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic goals in this disease.
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8
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Apurva, Abdul Sattar RS, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Kumar A, Santoshi S, Saluja SS. Molecular pathways in periampullary cancer: An overview. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110461. [PMID: 36096460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors in various signaling pathways are basis for personalized therapy in cancer. Periampullary carcinoma behaves differently from pancreatic carcinoma both in prognosis and outcome, therefore it needs special attention. Pancreatic cancer have higher incidence of nodal spread and perineural &lymphovascular invasion suggesting it biologically more aggressive tumor compared to periampullary cancer. Since PAC tumors consist of heterogenous tissue of origin, they might contain different mutations in tumor associated genes and other changes in tissue composition among different subgroups clubbed together. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular nature of PAC in the previous two decades, and a large number of mutations and other genetic changes have been identified as being responsible for the disease. This review article targets to collate and discuss the molecular evolution of PAC and their implication in its outcome. As per literature, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), and Wnt signaling are the most common pathways involved in PAC. Mutations in KRAS, TP53, CTNNB1, SMAD4 and APC genes were the most frequently reported. I-subtype resembles colorectal cancer while the morphology of PB-type shows close resemblance to pancreatic tumors. The frequency of driver gene mutations is higher in I-type compared to PB-type of PAC indicating I-type to be genetically more unstable. The genetic landscape of PAC obtained from WES data highlighted PI3/AKT pathway to be a primary target in I-type and RAS/RAF in PB-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, GovindBallabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Kt RD, Karthick D, Saravanaraj KS, Jaganathan MK, Ghorai S, Hemdev SP. The Roles of MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:700-709. [PMID: 35333689 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2057526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor patient survival rate in comparison with other cancer types, even after targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, a great deal needs to be done to gain a better understanding of the biology and identification of prognostic and predictive markers for the development of superior therapies. The microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to small non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Several shreds of evidence indicate that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Here we review the recent developments in miRNAs and their target role in the development, metastasis, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Devi Kt
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dharshene Karthick
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kirtikesav Salem Saravanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Jaganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suvankar Ghorai
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, India
| | - Sanjana Prakash Hemdev
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Dutta M, Das B, Mohapatra D, Behera P, Senapati S, Roychowdhury A. MicroRNA-217 modulates pancreatic cancer progression via targeting ATAD2. Life Sci 2022; 301:120592. [PMID: 35504332 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease across the world with 5 years survival rate less than 10%. ATAD2, a valid cancer drug-target, is overexpressed in pancreatic malignancy with high oncogenic potential. However, the mechanism of the upregulated expression of ATAD2 in pancreatic cancer is unknown. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) could potentially control target mRNA expressions, and are involved in cancer as tumor-suppressors, oncomiR or both, we examine the possibility of miRNA-mediated regulation of ATAD2 in pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). MAIN METHODS Our in-silico approach first identifies hsa-miR-217 as a candidate regulator for ATAD2 expression. For further validation, luciferase reporter assay is performed. We overexpress hsa-miRNA-217 and assess cellular viability, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle progression in three different PCCs (BxPC3, PANC1, and MiaPaCa2). KEY FINDINGS We find hsa-miRNA-217 has potential binding site at the 3'UTR of ATAD2. Luciferase assay confirms that ATAD2 is a direct target of hsa-miR-217. Overexpression of hsa-miR-217 drastically downregulates ATAD2 expression in PCCs, thus, corroborating binding studies. The elevated expression of hsa-miRNA-217 diminishes cell proliferation and migration as well as induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in PCCs. Finally, siRNA mediated ATAD2 knockdown or overexpression of hsa-miRNA-217 in PCCs showed inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, hsa-miR-217 abrogates pancreatic cancer progression through inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway and this might be partly due to miR-217 mediated suppression of ATAD2 expression. SIGNIFICANCE The application of hsa-miR-217 mimic could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Dutta
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Padmanava Behera
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Department of Microbiology, Shiksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India.
| | - Anasuya Roychowdhury
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India.
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The Targeting of Noncoding RNAs by Quercetin in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4330681. [PMID: 35656022 PMCID: PMC9155922 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4330681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dietary flavonoid quercetin is ubiquitously distributed in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Quercetin has been a focal point in recent years due to its versatile health-promoting benefits and high pharmacological values. It has well documented that quercetin exerts anticancer actions by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and retarding the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of quercetin-mediated cancer chemoprevention is still not fully understood. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, the intricate oncogenic signaling networks have been gradually characterized. Increasing evidence on the close association between noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) and cancer etiopathogenesis emphasizes the potential of ncRNAs as promising molecular targets for cancer treatment. Available experimental studies indicate that quercetin can dominate multiple cancer-associated ncRNAs, hence repressing carcinogenesis and cancer development. Thus, modulation of ncRNAs serves as a key mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of quercetin. In this review, we focus on the chemopreventive effects of quercetin on cancer pathogenesis by targeting cancer-relevant ncRNAs, supporting the viewpoint that quercetin holds promise as a drug candidate for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. An in-depth comprehension of the interplay between quercetin and ncRNAs in the inhibition of cancer development and progression will raise the possibility of developing this bioactive compound as an anticancer agent that could be highly efficacious and safe in clinical practice.
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Merz V, Mangiameli D, Zecchetto C, Quinzii A, Pietrobono S, Messina C, Casalino S, Gaule M, Pesoni C, Vitale P, Trentin C, Frisinghelli M, Caffo O, Melisi D. Predictive Biomarkers for a Personalized Approach in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:866173. [PMID: 35599791 PMCID: PMC9114435 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.866173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay treatment for patients with immediate resectable pancreatic cancer remains upfront surgery, which represents the only potentially curative strategy. Nevertheless, the majority of patients surgically resected for pancreatic cancer experiences disease relapse, even when a combination adjuvant therapy is offered. Therefore, aiming at improving disease free survival and overall survival of these patients, there is an increasing interest in evaluating the activity and efficacy of neoadjuvant and perioperative treatments. In this view, it is of utmost importance to find biomarkers able to select patients who may benefit from a preoperative therapy rather than upfront surgical resection. Defined genomic alterations and a dynamic inflammatory microenvironment are the major culprits for disease recurrence and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments in pancreatic cancer patients. Signal transduction pathways or tumor immune microenvironment could predict early recurrence and response to chemotherapy. In the last decade, distinct molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer have been described, laying the bases to a tailored therapeutic approach, started firstly in the treatment of advanced disease. Patients with homologous repair deficiency, in particular with mutant germline BRCA genes, represent the first subgroup demonstrating to benefit from specific therapies. A fraction of patients with pancreatic cancer could take advantage of genome sequencing with the aim of identifying possible targetable mutations. These genomic driven strategies could be even more relevant in a potentially curative setting. In this review, we outline putative predictive markers that could help in the next future in tailoring the best therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer patients with a potentially curable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Merz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Quinzii
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Simona Casalino
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Gaule
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Pesoni
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Trentin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Caffo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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Popov A, Mandys V. Senescence-Associated miRNAs and Their Role in Pancreatic Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610156. [PMID: 35570840 PMCID: PMC9098800 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Replicative senescence is irreversible cell proliferation arrest for somatic cells which can be circumvented in cancers. Cellular senescence is a process, which may play two opposite roles. On the one hand, this is a natural protection of somatic cells against unlimited proliferation and malignant transformation. On the other hand, cellular secretion caused by senescence can stimulate inflammation and proliferation of adjacent cells that may promote malignancy. The main genes controlling the senescence pathways are also well known as tumor suppressors. Almost 140 genes regulate both cellular senescence and cancer pathways. About two thirds of these genes (64%) are regulated by microRNAs. Senescence-associated miRNAs can stimulate cancer progression or act as tumor suppressors. Here we review the role playing by senescence-associated miRNAs in development, diagnostics and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia
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14
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Yang L, Liu S, Yang L, Xu B, Wang M, Kong X, Song Z. miR‑217‑5p suppresses epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and the NF‑κB signaling pathway in breast cancer via targeting of metadherin. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:162. [PMID: 35399330 PMCID: PMC8987938 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with a number of human malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). However, the expression, biological function and fundamental underlying mechanism of miR-217-5p in BC remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the expression levels of miR-217-5p and metadherin (MTDH) were examined in BC tissues and BC cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, cell proliferation, wound healing assays, Transwell assays and western blotting were used to examine the effects of miR-217-5p on cell proliferation, migration, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and NF-κB signaling pathway expression. The direct relationship between miR-217-5p and MTDH was assessed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated that significantly reduced expression levels of miR-217-5p but significantly increased mRNA expression levels of MTDH were observed in BC tissues from 35 patients with BC compared with non-tumor breast tissues. Furthermore, BC cell lines SK-BR3 and BT549 expressed miR-217-5p at markedly lower levels and MTDH at markedly higher levels compared with the breast epithelial MCF10A cell line. miR-217-5p overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration and suppressed the EMT in BC cells. miR-217-5p overexpression also inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway by markedly decreasing p65 mRNA and protein expression levels but significantly increasing IκBα expression levels. Furthermore, miR-217-5p knockdown markedly increased MTDH mRNA and protein expression levels. The expression levels of miR-217-5p were negatively correlated with those of MTDH in BC tissues. These results suggested that restoration of MTDH expression levels could potentially attenuate the inhibitory effects of miR-217-5p overexpression on BC cell proliferation. Therefore, in conclusion miR-217-5p overexpression may inhibit cell migration, invasion, the EMT and NF-κB signaling pathway in BC via targeting of MTDH. miR-217-5p may serve as an important potential target in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Yang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangshun Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenchuan Song
- Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jalili Khoshnoud R. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of KRAS. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35139853 PMCID: PMC8827276 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten ras oncogene KRAS is a member of the small GTPase superfamily participating in the RAS/MAPK pathway. A single amino acid substitution in KRAS gene has been shown to activate the encoded protein resulting in cell transformation. This oncogene is involved in the malignant transformation in several tissues. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been found to interact with KRAS protein. Such interaction results in a wide array of human disorders, particularly cancers. Orilnc1, KIMAT1, SLCO4A1-AS1, LINC01420, KRAS1P, YWHAE, PART1, MALAT1, PCAT-1, lncRNA-NUTF2P3-001 and TP53TG1 are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose interactions with KRAS have been verified in the context of cancer. miR-143, miR-96, miR-134 and miR-126 have also been shown to interact with KRAS in different tissues. Finally, circITGA7, circ_GLG1, circFNTA and circ-MEMO1 are examples of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that interact with KRAS. In this review, we describe the interaction between KRAS and lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs, particularly in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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KRAS-related long noncoding RNAs in human cancers. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:418-427. [PMID: 34489556 PMCID: PMC9113938 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most widely prevalent proto-oncogenes in human cancers. The constitutively active KRAS oncoprotein contributes to both tumor onset and cancer development by promoting cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in a MAPK pathway-dependent manner. The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the KRAS oncogene are known to be dysregulated in various cancers, while long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as regulators of the miRNAs targeting KRAS oncogene in different cancers and have gradually become a focus of research in recent years. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in the research on lncRNAs that have sponging effects on KRAS-targeting miRNAs as crucial mediators of KRAS expression in different cell types and organs. A deeper understanding of lncRNA function in KRAS-driven cancers is of major fundamental importance and will provide a valuable clinical tool for the diagnosis, prognosis, and eventual treatment of cancers.
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Hamidi AA, Zangoue M, Kashani D, Zangouei AS, Rahimi HR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-217: a therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:61-76. [PMID: 34883033 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2017284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer as one of the most common causes of death has always been one of the major health challenges globally. Since, the identification of tumors in the early tumor stages can significantly reduce mortality rates; it is required to introduce novel early detection tumor markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Moreover, due to the higher stability of miRNAs than mRNAs in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic markers in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED In the present review we have summarized the role of miR-217 during tumor progressions. The miR-217 functions were categorized based on its target molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. EXPERT OPINION It was observed that miR-217 mainly exerts its function by regulation of the transcription factors during tumor progressions. The WNT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were also important molecular targets of miR-217 in different cancers. The present review clarifies the molecular biology of miR-217 and paves the way of introducing miR-217 as a non-invasive diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Zangoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Daniel Kashani
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Role of non-coding RNAs in tumor progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:761-776. [PMID: 34591242 PMCID: PMC8556175 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. The 1-year survival rate of patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease is abysmal. The aggressive nature of cancer cells, hypovascularization, extensive desmoplastic stroma, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) endows PDAC tumors with multiple mechanisms of drug resistance. With no obvious genetic mutation(s) driving tumor progression or metastatic transition, the challenges for understanding the biological mechanism(s) of these processes are paramount. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these processes could lead to new diagnostic tools for patient management and new targets for therapeutic intervention. microRNAs (miRNAs) are an evolutionarily conserved gene class of short non-coding regulatory RNAs. miRNAs are an extensive regulatory layer that controls gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. This review focuses on preclinical models that functionally dissect miRNA activity in tumor progression or metastatic processes in PDAC. Collectively, these studies suggest an influence of miRNAs and RNA-RNA networks in the processes of epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition and cancer cell stemness. At a cell-type level, some miRNAs mainly influence cancer cell–intrinsic processes and pathways, whereas other miRNAs predominantly act in distinct cellular compartments of the TME to regulate fibroblast and immune cell functions and/or influence other cell types’ function via cell-to-cell communications by transfer of extracellular vesicles. At a molecular level, the influence of miRNA-mediated regulation often converges in core signaling pathways, including TGF-β, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB.
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19
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Han X, Liang X, Wu M, Zhang L, Jiang H. Association of Genetic Variants in miR-217 Gene with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Control Study. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1081-1086. [PMID: 34483680 PMCID: PMC8409599 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s324767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the associations of genetic variants of the miR-217 gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, as well as plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods A case-control study with 498 CAD patients and 499 frequency-matched healthy controls was conducted to evaluate the associations of four tagSNPs of the miR-217 gene, including rs6724872, rs4999828, rs10206823, and rs41291177, with CAD risk and plasma level of VEGF. Results SNP rs6724872 and rs4999828 were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD (P value was smaller than 0.05 even after Bonferroni multiple adjustment). Compared with the G allele, C allele of rs6724872 was significantly associated with 1.73-fold increased risk of CAD (95% CI: 1.25-2.39; P = 0.001). While C allele of rs4999828 was significantly associated with 1.75-fold increased risk of CAD, compared with T allele (95% CI: 1.34-2.29; P = 4 × 10-5). Meanwhile, rs6724872 and rs4999828 were also significantly associated with higher level of VEGF (P < 0.001). Conclusion These findings highlighted the important role of genetic variants of the miR-217 gene in the pathogenesis of CAD and potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Laiwu, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Liang
- Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghai Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Laiwu, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Laiwu, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Jiang
- Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250000, People's Republic of China
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Lu Y, Corradi C, Gentiluomo M, López de Maturana E, Theodoropoulos GE, Roth S, Maiello E, Morelli L, Archibugi L, Izbicki JR, Sarlós P, Kiudelis V, Oliverius M, Aoki MN, Vashist Y, van Eijck CHJ, Gazouli M, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Mambrini A, Pezzilli R, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Hegyi P, Souček P, Neoptolemos JP, Di Franco G, Sperti C, Kauffmann EF, Hlaváč V, Uzunoğlu FG, Ermini S, Małecka-Panas E, Lucchesi M, Vanella G, Dijk F, Mohelníková-Duchoňová B, Bambi F, Petrone MC, Jamroziak K, Guo F, Kolarova K, Capretti G, Milanetto AC, Ginocchi L, Loveček M, Puzzono M, van Laarhoven HWM, Carrara S, Ivanauskas A, Papiris K, Basso D, Arcidiacono PG, Izbéki F, Chammas R, Vodicka P, Hackert T, Pasquali C, Piredda ML, Costello-Goldring E, Cavestro GM, Szentesi A, Tavano F, Włodarczyk B, Brenner H, Kreivenaite E, Gao X, Bunduc S, Vermeulen RCH, Schneider MA, Latiano A, Gioffreda D, Testoni SGG, Kupcinskas J, Lawlor RT, Capurso G, Malats N, Campa D, Canzian F. Association of Genetic Variants Affecting microRNAs and Pancreatic Cancer Risk. Front Genet 2021; 12:693933. [PMID: 34527018 PMCID: PMC8435735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer (PC). However, established loci explain a small proportion of genetic heritability for PC; therefore, more progress is needed to find the missing ones. We aimed at identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting PC risk through effects on micro-RNA (miRNA) function. We searched in silico the genome for SNPs in miRNA seed sequences or 3 prime untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of miRNA target genes. Genome-wide association data of PC cases and controls from the Pancreatic Cancer Cohort (PanScan) Consortium and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control (PanC4) Consortium were re-analyzed for discovery, and genotyping data from two additional consortia (PanGenEU and PANDoRA) were used for replication, for a total of 14,062 cases and 11,261 controls. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance in the meta-analysis, but for three of them the associations were in the same direction in all the study populations and showed lower value of p in the meta-analyses than in the discovery phase. Specifically, rs7985480 was consistently associated with PC risk (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.17, p = 3.03 × 10-6 in the meta-analysis). This SNP is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2274048, which modulates binding of various miRNAs to the 3'UTR of UCHL3, a gene involved in PC progression. In conclusion, our results expand the knowledge of the genetic PC risk through miRNA-related SNPs and show the usefulness of functional prioritization to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - George E. Theodoropoulos
- First Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Susanne Roth
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Sarlós
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vytautas Kiudelis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of Surgery, Faculty Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yogesh Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Casper H. J. van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Andrea Mambrini
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | | | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Pavel Souček
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - John P. Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregorio Di Franco
- General Surgery, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery-DiSCOG, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Viktor Hlaváč
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Faik G. Uzunoğlu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Ermini
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maurizio Lucchesi
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vanella
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederike Dijk
- Deparment of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatrice Mohelníková-Duchoňová
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Franco Bambi
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Petrone
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Jamroziak
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feng Guo
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katerina Kolarova
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Ginocchi
- Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Oncological Unit of Massa Carrara, Carrara, Italy
| | - Martin Loveček
- Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marta Puzzono
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Audrius Ivanauskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Konstantinos Papiris
- Endoscopic Surgery Department, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo G. Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferenc Izbéki
- Szent György University Teaching Hospital of County Fejér, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Biomedical Centre and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department of Surgery-DiSCOG, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria L. Piredda
- ARC-NET, Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eithne Costello-Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Barbara Włodarczyk
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edita Kreivenaite
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xin Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefania Bunduc
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roel C. H. Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martin A. Schneider
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sabrina G. G. Testoni
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita T. Lawlor
- ARC-NET, Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRSSC San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Núria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Mortoglou M, Tabin ZK, Arisan ED, Kocher HM, Uysal-Onganer P. Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New approaches for better diagnosis and therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101090. [PMID: 33831655 PMCID: PMC8042452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 8%, which has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of disease-specific symptoms and a reliable biomarker. Multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (used sparingly) and surgery has become the standard of care for patients with PDAC. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the most common diagnostic biomarker; however, it is not specific enough especially for asymptomatic patients. Non-coding RNAs are often deregulated in human malignancies and shown to be involved in cancer-related mechanisms such as cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Several micro, long non-coding and circular RNAs have been reported to date which are involved in PDAC. Aim of this review is to discuss the roles and functions of non-coding RNAs in diagnosis and treatments of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Zoey Kathleen Tabin
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - E Damla Arisan
- Institution of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey.
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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22
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Baghbani E, Noorolyai S, Duijf PHG, Silvestris N, Kolahian S, Hashemzadeh S, Baghbanzadeh Kojabad A, FallahVazirabad A, Baradaran B. The impact of microRNAs on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:668-678. [PMID: 34020831 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation promotes cancer development. To a large extent, this can be attributed to the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumors. These cells are known for establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by suppressing T cell activities. However, MDSCs also promote metastasis and angiogenesis. Critically, as small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) control MDSC activities. In this review, we discuss how miRNA networks regulate key MDSC signaling pathways, how they shape MDSC development, differentiation and activation, and how this impacts tumor development. By targeting the expression of miRNAs in MDSCs, we can alter their main signaling pathways. In turn, this can compromise their ability to promote multiple hallmarks of cancer. Therefore, this may represent a new powerful strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Baghbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Noorolyai
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Bari, Italy. Medical Oncology Unit-IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology DIMO-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Shahryar Hashemzadeh
- General and Vascular Surgery Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Panebianco C, Trivieri N, Villani A, Terracciano F, Latiano TP, Potenza A, Perri F, Binda E, Pazienza V. Improving Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Restoring miRNA-217 Levels. Biomolecules 2021; 11:639. [PMID: 33925948 PMCID: PMC8146031 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major problem in the therapeutic management of pancreatic cancer, concurring to poor clinical outcome. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain resistance to gemcitabine, a standard of care for this malignancy, among which is included aberrant miRNA expression. In the current study, we investigated the role of miR-217, which is strongly down-regulated in cancerous, compared to normal, pancreatic tissues or cells, in sensitizing human pancreatic cancer cell lines to this drug. The low expression of miR-217 in pancreatic cancer patients was confirmed in two gene expression datasets (GSE41372 and GSE60980), and the prognostic value of two target genes (ANLN and TRPS1), was estimated on clinical data from the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Transfecting miR-217 mimic in pancreatic cancer cells reduced viability, enhanced apoptosis, and affected cell cycle by promoting a S phase arrest in gemcitabine-treated cells. Moreover, in drug-exposed cells subjected to miR-217 forced expression, a down-regulation for several genes involved in cancer drug resistance was observed, many of which are cell cycle regulators, such as CCND1, CCNE1, CDK2, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, while others, such as ARNT, BRCA1, BRCA2, ELK1, EGFR, ERBB4, and RARA are involved in proliferation and cell cycle progression. Our results support the notion that miR-217 enhances pancreatic cancer sensitivity to gemcitabine, mainly impairing cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Panebianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (C.P.); (A.V.); (F.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Nadia Trivieri
- Cancer Stem Cell Unit, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (C.P.); (A.V.); (F.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Fulvia Terracciano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (C.P.); (A.V.); (F.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Adele Potenza
- Dietetic and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (C.P.); (A.V.); (F.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cell Unit, Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (C.P.); (A.V.); (F.T.); (F.P.)
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24
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Tang LB, Ma SX, Chen ZH, Huang QY, Wu LY, Wang Y, Zhao RC, Xiong LX. Exosomal microRNAs: Pleiotropic Impacts on Breast Cancer Metastasis and Their Clinical Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040307. [PMID: 33917233 PMCID: PMC8067993 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major threat factor for female health, breast cancer (BC) has garnered a lot of attention for its malignancy and diverse molecules participating in its carcinogenesis process. Among these complex carcinogenesis processes, cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), and angiogenesis are the major causes for the occurrence of metastasis and chemoresistance which account for cancer malignancy. MicroRNAs packaged and secreted in exosomes are termed "exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)". Nowadays, more researches have uncovered the roles of exosomal miRNAs played in BC metastasis. In this review, we recapitulated the dual actions of exosomal miRNAs exerted in the aggressiveness of BC by influencing migration, invasion, and distant metastasis. Next, we presented how exosomal miRNAs modify angiogenesis and stemness maintenance. Clinically, several exosomal miRNAs can govern the transformation between drug sensitivity and chemoresistance. Since the balance of the number and type of exosomal miRNAs is disturbed in pathological conditions, they are able to serve as instructive biomarkers for BC diagnosis and prognosis. More efforts are needed to connect the theoretical studies and clinical traits together. This review provides an outline of the pleiotropic impacts of exosomal miRNAs on BC metastasis and their clinical implications, paving the way for future personalized drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Shu-Xin Ma
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Zhuo-Hui Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Long-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
| | - Rui-Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (L.-B.T.); (Q.-Y.H.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.W.); (R.-C.Z.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8636-0556
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25
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microRNA-217 suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through targeting PTPN14 in gastric cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:221385. [PMID: 31793993 PMCID: PMC6946620 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the one of most common malignancies and its mechanism of metastasis remains unclear. The study was designed to investigate the effects of microRNA-217 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Methods: The expression levels of miR-217 in GC were assayed by real-time qPCR. Metastasis and invasion of cancer cell were assayed by transwell chamber. Double luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the target regulatory relationship between microRNA-217 and tyrosine–protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) on gastric cell lines. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were assayed by Western blot. Results: We found that miR-217 had a low level expression in gastric tumor tissues of 40 patients with GC, and a lower expression in the gastric tumor tissues of the patients with GC metastasis. Moreover, miR-217 markedly suppressed the metastasis and invasion of gastric cancer cell line in vitro. Furthermore, miR-217 inhibited the expression of PTPN14 by directly targeting its 3′UTR. Moreover, the down-regulation of PTPN14 reduced the metastasis and invasion, whereas up-regulation of PTPN14 led to the enhanced metastases and invasion of gastric cells. miR-217 induced the down-regulation of PTPN14 and inhibited the EMT in gastric cancer cells. Conclusion: miR-217 inhibited the EMT through directly targeting to the 3′UTR of PTPN14.
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26
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most aggressive and invasive type of pancreatic cancer (PCa) and is expected to be the second most common cause of cancer-associated deaths. The high mortality rate is due to the asymptomatic progression of the clinical features until the advanced stages of the disease and the limited effectiveness of the current therapeutics. Aberrant expression of several microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) has been related to PDAC progression and thus they could be potential early diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic predictors for PDAC. miRs are small (18 to 24 nucleotides long) non-coding RNAs, which regulate the expression of key genes by targeting their 3′-untranslated mRNA region. Increased evidence has also suggested that the chemoresistance of PDAC cells is associated with metabolic alterations. Metabolic stress and the dysfunctionality of systems to compensate for the altered metabolic status of PDAC cells is the foundation for cellular damage. Current data have implicated multiple systems as hallmarks of PDAC development, such as glutamine redox imbalance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, both the aberrant expression of miRs and dysregulation in metabolism can have unfavorable effects in several biological processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, growth, survival, stress response, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, invasion, and migration. Therefore, due to these dismal statistics, it is crucial to develop beneficial therapeutic strategies based on an improved understanding of the biology of both miRs and metabolic mediators. This review focuses on miR-mediated pathways and therapeutic resistance mechanisms in PDAC and evaluates the impact of metabolic alterations in the progression of PDAC.
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27
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Wang MC, McCown PJ, Schiefelbein GE, Brown JA. Secondary Structural Model of MALAT1 Becomes Unstructured in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Undergoes Structural Rearrangement in Cervical Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33450947 PMCID: PMC7838788 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence cellular function through binding events that often depend on the lncRNA secondary structure. One such lncRNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), is upregulated in many cancer types and has a myriad of protein- and miRNA-binding sites. Recently, a secondary structural model of MALAT1 in noncancerous cells was proposed to form 194 hairpins and 13 pseudoknots. That study postulated that, in cancer cells, the MALAT1 structure likely varies, thereby influencing cancer progression. This work analyzes how that structural model is expected to change in K562 cells, which originated from a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and in HeLa cells, which originated from a patient with cervical cancer. Dimethyl sulfate-sequencing (DMS-Seq) data from K562 cells and psoralen analysis of RNA interactions and structure (PARIS) data from HeLa cells were compared to the working structural model of MALAT1 in noncancerous cells to identify sites that likely undergo structural alterations. MALAT1 in K562 cells is predicted to become more unstructured, with almost 60% of examined hairpins in noncancerous cells losing at least half of their base pairings. Conversely, MALAT1 in HeLa cells is predicted to largely maintain its structure, undergoing 18 novel structural rearrangements. Moreover, 50 validated miRNA-binding sites are affected by putative secondary structural changes in both cancer types, such as miR-217 in K562 cells and miR-20a in HeLa cells. Structural changes unique to K562 cells and HeLa cells provide new mechanistic leads into how the structure of MALAT1 may mediate cancer in a cell-type specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.C.W.); (P.J.M.); (G.E.S.)
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28
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Zhou S, Zhu C, Pang Q, Liu HC. MicroRNA-217: A regulator of human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110943. [PMID: 33254014 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As highly conserved non-coding RNAs of approximately 18-24 nucleotides, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of target genes. Multiple studies have demonstrated that miRNAs participate in the regulation of human cancer. MircoRNA-217 (miR-217) participates in the regulation of various tumors by specifically binding target genes and post-transcriptional regulation. In recent years, there have been numerous reports about miR-217 in tumor progression. MiR-217 is known mainly as a tumor suppressor, although some studies have shown that it functions as an oncomiR. Here, we review the current research related to miR-217, including its role in tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233000, China.
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233000, China.
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233000, China.
| | - Hui Chun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233000, China.
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29
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Sugito N, Heishima K, Ito Y, Akao Y. Synthetic MIR143-3p Suppresses Cell Growth in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells by Interrupting RAS Pathways Including PAX3-FOXO1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113312. [PMID: 33182548 PMCID: PMC7696565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma with embryonal (ERMS) and alveoral (ARMS) features, most frequently found in children. ARMS has the worse prognosis due to the formation of the chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 gene. New therapies are needed for the treatment of ARMS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer effect of chemically-modified MIR143-3p#12 (CM-MIR143#12) on RMS. The ectopic expression of CM-MIR143#12 induced a cell growth suppression by silencing not only KRAS, AKT, and ERK but also the PAX3–FOXO1 chimeric gene, and KRAS networks could control the expression of chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 in ARMS cells. Moreover, CM-MIR143#12 also silenced NRAS mutant in ERMS RD cells. CM-MIR143#12 can be a new nucleic acid medicine for the treatment of RMS by impairing the RAS networks including PAX3–FOXO1. Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma most frequently found in children. In RMS, there are two major subtypes, embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). ARMS has the worse prognosis of the two owing to the formation of the chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 gene. A novel therapeutic method is required for treating ARMS. In our previous study, we found that the ectopic expression of chemically modified MIR143-3p#12 (CM-MIR143#12), which is RNase-resistant and shows the highest anti-proliferation activity among the synthesized MIR143 derivatives that were tested, induces significant cell growth suppression by targeting KRAS, AKT, and ERK in colorectal cancer cells. The expression of MIR143-3p in RMS was dramatically downregulated compared with that of normal tissue. Ectopic expression of CM-MIR143#12 in RMS cells resulted in a significant growth inhibitory effect through the induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, we found that CM-MIR143#12 also silenced the expression of chimeric PAX3–FOXO1 directly and, using siR-KRAS or siR-AKT, that KRAS networks regulated the expression of PAX3–FOXO1 in ARMS cells. In ERMS harboring NRAS mutation, CM-MIR143#12 silenced mutated NRAS. These findings indicate that CM-MIR143#12 efficiently perturbed the RAS signaling pathway, including the ARMS-specific KRAS/PAX3–FOXO1 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Sugito
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Life Sciences, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan;
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (N.S.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Non-coding RNA biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:153-168. [PMID: 33049362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies, which is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. The late disease diagnosis, the limited availability of effective therapeutic interventions and lack of robust diagnostic biomarkers, are some of the primary reasons for the dismal 5-year survival rates (∼8%) in patients with PDAC. The pancreatic cancer develops through accumulation of a series of genomic and epigenomic alterations which lead to the transformation of normal pancreatic epithelium into an invasive carcinoma - a process that can take up to 15-20 years to develop, from the occurrence of first initiating mutational event. These facts highlight a unique window of opportunity for the earlier detection of PDAC, which could allow timely disease interception and improvement in the overall survival outcomes in patients suffering from this fatal malignancy. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recognized to play a central role in PDAC pathogenesis and are emerging as attractive candidates for biomarker development in various cancers, including PDAC. More specifically, the ncRNAs play a pivotal role in PDAC biology as they affect tumor growth, migration, and invasion by regulating cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In this review, we focus on three types of well-established ncRNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) - and discuss their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in PDAC.
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Zhang L, Chu Q, Chang R, Xu T. Inducible MicroRNA-217 Inhibits NF-κB– and IRF3-Driven Immune Responses in Lower Vertebrates through Targeting TAK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1620-1632. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Neuber S, Garcia Duran A, Xu Z, Beltsios E, Seifert M, Falk V, Stamm C. Human mesenchymal stromal cells and derived extracellular vesicles: Translational strategies to increase their proangiogenic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1558-1569. [PMID: 32761804 PMCID: PMC7695640 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer great potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Studies have revealed that the efficacy of MSCs is mainly attributed to their capacity to secrete numerous trophic factors that promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and modulate the immune response. There is growing evidence that MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a cargo of lipids, proteins, metabolites, and RNAs play a key role in this paracrine mechanism. In particular, encapsulated microRNAs have been identified as important positive regulators of angiogenesis in pathological settings of insufficient blood supply to the heart, thus opening a new path for the treatment of CVD. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge related to the proangiogenic potential of MSCs and MSC‐derived EVs as well as methods to enhance their biological activities for improved cardiac tissue repair. Increasing our understanding of mechanisms supporting angiogenesis will help optimize future approaches to CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Neuber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Garcia Duran
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftherios Beltsios
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Seifert
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Stamm
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ibrahim H, Lim YC. KRAS-associated microRNAs in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:454. [PMID: 32685110 PMCID: PMC7365993 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancerrelated death worldwide. Despite progress in treatment of cancers, CRC with KRAS mutations are resistant towards anti-EGFR treatment. MicroRNAs have been discovered in an exponential manner within the last few years and have been known to exert either an onco-miRNA or tumor suppressive effect. Here, the various roles of microRNAs involved in the initiation and progression of KRAS-regulated CRC are summarized. A thorough understanding of the roles and functions of the plethora of microRNAs associated with KRAS in CRC will grant insights into the provision of other potential therapeutic targets as well as treatment. MicroRNAs may also serve as potential molecular classifier or early detection biomarkers for future treatment and diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam
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Gablo NA, Prochazka V, Kala Z, Slaby O, Kiss I. Cell-free microRNAs as Non-invasive Diagnostic and Prognostic Bio- markers in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:569-580. [PMID: 32581645 PMCID: PMC7290054 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921666191217095017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is one of the most lethal cancers, with an increasing global incidence rate. Unfavorable prognosis largely results from associated difficulties in early diagnosis and the absence of prognostic and predictive biomarkers that would enable an individualized therapeutic approach. In fact, PaC prognosis has not improved for years, even though much efforts and resources have been devoted to PaC research, and the multimodal management of PaC patients has been used in clinical practice. It is thus imperative to develop optimal biomarkers, which would increase diagnostic precision and improve the post-diagnostic management of PaC patients. Current trends in biomarker research envisage the unique opportunity of cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs) present in circulation to become a convenient, non-invasive tool for accurate diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to treatment. This review analyzes studies focused on cell-free miRNAs in PaC. The studies provide solid evidence that miRNAs are detectable in serum, blood plasma, saliva, urine, and stool, and that they present easy-to-acquire biomarkers with strong diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Gablo
- 1Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Prochazka
- 1Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kala
- 1Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- 1Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- 1Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 2Department of Surgery, Institutions shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; 3Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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35
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Danbaran GR, Aslani S, Sharafkandi N, Hemmatzadeh M, Hosseinzadeh R, Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Babaie F, Mohammadi H. How microRNAs affect the PD-L1 and its synthetic pathway in cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106594. [PMID: 32416456 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a glycoprotein that is expressed on the cell surface of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. PD-L1 play a role in the immune tolerance and protect self-tissues from immune system attack. Dysfunction of this molecule has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of tumors, autoimmunity, and infectious disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous molecules that are classified as small non-coding RNA with approximately 20-22 nucleotides (nt) length. The function of miRNAs is based on complementary interactions with target mRNA via matching completely or incompletely. The result of this function is decay of the target mRNA or preventing mRNA translation. In the past decades, several miRNAs have been discovered which play an important role in the regulation of PD-L1 in various malignancies. In this review, we discuss the effect of miRNAs on PD-L1 expression and consider the effect of miRNAs on the synthetic pathway of PD-L1, especially during cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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36
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Zhang L, Chu Q, Liu X, Xu T. microRNA-21 negatively regulates NF-κB signaling pathway via targeting IL1R1 in miiuy croaker. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:103578. [PMID: 31869675 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miR) are non-coding RNAs that regulates many biochemical processes, such as cell growth, proliferation and immune response. In this study, the regulation of microRNA-21 (miR-21) to the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway by target IL1R1 has been researched in miiuy croaker. First, we predicted the target gene of miR-21 through bioinformatics, and found that IL1R1 is a direct target of miR-21. Then, we found that the over-expression of miR-21 mimics and the pre-miR-21 plasmid inhibits the luciferase levels of the wild-type of IL1R1-3'UTR. miR-21 inhibitors increase the luciferase levels of IL1R1-3'UTR. Additionally, we also observed that the miR-21 could negative regulate the IL1R1 at the level of translation. At last, this study will help to further understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in teleost fish after being invaded by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China; Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China; Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuezhu Liu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China; Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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37
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Gong R, Jiang Y. Non-coding RNAs in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:309. [PMID: 32257946 PMCID: PMC7089935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are reported to be expressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These ncRNAs affect the growth, migration and invasion of tumor cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as playing important roles in epigenetic processes, transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. It is still unclear whether alterations in ncRNAs influence PDAC development and progression. Because of this, analysis based on existing data on ncRNAs, which are crucial for modulating pancreatic tumorigenesis, will be important for future research on PDAC. Here, we summarize ncRNAs with tumor-promoting functions: HOTAIR, HOTTIP, MALAT1, lncRNA H19, lncRNA PVT1, circ-RNA ciRS-7, circ-0030235, circ-RNA_100782, circ-LDLRAD3, circ-0007534, circRHOT1, circZMYM2, circ-IARS, circ-RNA PDE8A, miR-21, miR-155, miR-221/222, miR-196b, miR-10a. While others including GAS5, MEG3, and lncRNA ENST00000480739, has_circ_0001649, miR-34a, miR-100, miR-217, miR-143 inhibit the proliferation and invasion of PDAC. Hence, we summarize the functions of ncRNAs in the occurrence, development and metastasis of PDAC, with the goal to provide guidance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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38
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MiR-217 Inhibits M2-Like Macrophage Polarization by Suppressing Secretion of Interleukin-6 in Ovarian Cancer. Inflammation 2020; 42:1517-1529. [PMID: 31049770 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most deadly cancers with rapid proliferation and poor prognosis among patients. Therapies focusing on regulation of tumor immunity and microenvironments are developing. MiR-217 was dysregulated in cancer progress and plays important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the role of miR-217 in regulation of macrophage polarization and its underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. The expression of miR-217 in ovarian cancerous tissues and cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR. And we detected the staining of CD86 and CD206 via flow-cytometry and the levels of Arg-1 and CCR2 by western-blot in order to evaluate M2 macrophage polarization. The targeting regulation of miR-217 on pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and western-blot. ELISA assay was used to evaluate the secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 of cells. MiR-217 was found to be downregulated in ovarian cancerous tissues and cell lines. This downregulation correlated with an increased expression of the IL-6, Arg-1, CCR2, and CD206 gene. The overexpression of miR-217 in SKOV3 cells can inhibit the polarization of macrophages towards an M2-like phenotype. We also found that IL-6 was validated to induce M2 macrophage polarization and its secretion in SKOV-3 cells was inhibited by miR-217 directly. Moreover, we revealed that miR-217 suppressed M2 macrophage polarization partly thought JAK/STAT3 signal pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-217 inhibits tumor-induced M2 macrophage polarization through targeting of IL-6 and regulation JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer.
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Li Y, Fei L, Wang J, Niu Q. Inhibition of miR-217 Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Inactivating NF-κB and MAPK Pathways. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:219-227. [PMID: 31916040 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-019-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play a vital role in regulating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). MiR-217 has been proven to be implicated in cardiac diseases such as chronic heart failure and cardiac myxoma. However, the role of miR-217 in MIRI is not clear. METHODS A mouse MIRI model was established and the myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC staining. The expression level of miR-217 in I/R group was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, MIRI mice and H9C2 cells were administrated with miR-217 inhibitor in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by commercially available ELISA kits. Blood and cell samples were collected for the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and caspase-3 activity. Cell viability was assessed with the CCK-8 assay. We then explored the detailed molecular mechanisms by TargetScan 7.1 database and further studies were performed to prove the prediction by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Larger stainless infarct areas were observed in the MIRI group, accompanied by inceased serum LDH activity, indicating the mouse MIRI model was successfully established. MiR-217 was up-regulated in MIRI mice and hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated H9C2 cells. MiR-217 knockdown alleviated the MIRI in MIRI mouse model, and also attenuated the myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in H9C2 cells. Moreover, dual specificity protein phosphatase 14 (DUSP14) was proved to be a target of miR-217. Besides, further study indicated that inhibition of miR-217 protected against MIRI through inactivating NF-κB and MAPK pathways via targeting DUSP14. CONCLUSIONS MiR-217 inhibition protected against MIRI through inactivating NF-κB and MAPK pathways by targeting DUSP14. This study may provide valuable diagnostic and factors and therapeutic agents for MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 271 East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Liping Fei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 271 East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 271 East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingying Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, 271 East Taihang Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
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MicroRNA-519 inhibits hypoxia-induced tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer by regulating immune checkpoint PD-L1. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1427-1433. [PMID: 31966071 PMCID: PMC6956369 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly prevalent and exhibits a high incidence and mortality rate. Hypoxia contributes to tumorigenesis and the progression of pancreatic cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the role of microRNA (miR)-519 has not been investigated in hypoxia-induced pancreatic cancer progression. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying miR-519-mediated regulation of pancreatic cancer progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to investigate miR-519 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Additionally, a Transwell assay was performed to examine the invasiveness of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells. Cells were subsequently stained with Annexin V to determine the apoptotic rate of cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm the direct association between miR-519 and PD-L1, and a xenograft experiment was conducted to test the role of miR-519 in vivo. The results revealed that the expression levels of miR-519 in pancreatic cancer cells were reduced following hypoxia treatment. Furthermore, transfection with miR-519 mimics inhibited PANC-1 and SW1990 cell invasiveness, and induced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. PD-L1 was also identified as a downstream target of miR-519, and rescued the miR-519 mimic-attenuated tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, treatment with miR-519 mimics significantly suppressed the tumor growth of PANC-1 cells. The results of the present study indicated a novel mechanism of miR-519-mediated tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. The conclusions may be crucial for the improvement of future pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Xiao H, Liu Z. Effects of microRNA‑217 on high glucose‑induced inflammation and apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‑19) and its underlying mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5125-5133. [PMID: 31702814 PMCID: PMC6854520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Increasing evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRs) serves an important role in diabetic retinopathy. However, the expression and mechanism of miR-217 in high glucose-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cells ARPE-19 is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-217 in high glucose-induced retinal epithelial cell damage, and further to explore the molecular mechanisms. In our study, we found that compared with control group, miR-217 was upregulated in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. In addition, TargetScan and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was a direct target of miR-217. Then, we performed reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and western blot assay to explore the expression of SIRT1 in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Our results demonstrated that SIRT1 was downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. Then, ARPE-19 cells were transfected with inhibitor control, miR-217 inhibitor or miR-217 inhibitor + SIRT1-small interfering RNA for 6 h, and then the cells were treated with 50 mM D-glucose for 24 h. We then investigated the effects of miR-217 inhibitor on ARPE-19 cell viability and apoptosis. An MTT assay revealed that miR-217 inhibitor significantly increased the viability and decreased the apoptosis of high glucose-induced ARPE-19 cells. ELISA indicated that miR-217 inhibitor significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 in high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, a western blot assay demonstrated that miR-217 inhibitor suppressed the expression of p-p65. The effects of miR-217 inhibitor on high glucose-treated ARPE-19 cells were significantly reversed by the silencing the SIRT1 gene. Therefore, our findings suggested that miR-217 inhibitor protected against retinal epithelial cell damage caused by high glucose via targeting SIRT1, thereby playing a protective role in diabetic retinopathy. Targeting miR-217 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jing Men No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
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Tesfaye AA, Azmi AS, Philip PA. miRNA and Gene Expression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:58-70. [PMID: 30558723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging disease that is mostly diagnosed late in the course of the illness. Unlike other cancers in which measurable successes have been achieved with traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and, recently, immunotherapy, PDAC has proved to be poorly responsive to these treatments, with only marginal to modest incremental benefits using conventional cytotoxic therapy. There is, therefore, a great unmet need to develop better therapies based on improved understanding of biology and identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers that would guide therapy. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of some key genes by targeting their 3'-untranslated mRNA region. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the development of various malignancies, including PDAC. A series of miRNAs have been identified as potential tools for early diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, and prognosis of patients with PDAC. In this review, we present a summary of the miRNAs that have been studied in PDAC in the context of disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh A Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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Wei J, Wang J, Gao X, Qi F. Identification of differentially expressed circRNAs and a novel hsa_circ_0000144 that promote tumor growth in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:268. [PMID: 31636511 PMCID: PMC6794874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in regulating tumor pathogenesis. The mechanism of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. Our study aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and assess a novel circRNA (hsa_circ_0000144) in the proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC. Methods Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and analyses of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, pathway network, and the ceRNA regulatory network of hsa_circ_0000144 targeting miRNAs and mRNAs were performed with the help of bioinformatics using R language and Perl software. hsa_circ_0000144 expression and circRNA knockdown in GC cell lines were detected using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in vitro. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion after circRNA knockdown were measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell assay. Results The circRNA expression profile GSE78092 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database included three GC patients and three normal tissues. Thirty-two differentially expressed circRNAs comprised six upregulated circRNAs and 26 downregulated circRNAs. In particular, the ErbB signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, cellular senescence, and pathways in bladder cancer and GC played the most important roles in the pathway network. The expression of hsa_circ_0000144 was upregulated in GC cell lines. Hsa_circ_0000144 knockdown suppressed tumor growth in vitro. Conclusions Hsa_circ_0000144 promotes GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and the ceRNA regulatory network of hsa_circ_0000144 targeting miRNAs and mRNAs might be biomarkers for GC diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Wei
- 1Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- 2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xibo Gao
- 3Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qi
- 1Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Kasinski AL. Combatting PDAC with two tumor-targeting small RNAs. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5892-5893. [PMID: 31666921 PMCID: PMC6800264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Roncarati R, Lupini L, Shankaraiah RC, Negrini M. The Importance of microRNAs in RAS Oncogenic Activation in Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:988. [PMID: 31612113 PMCID: PMC6777413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by modulating the translation of protein-coding RNAs. Their aberrant expression is involved in various human diseases, including cancer. Here, we summarize the experimental pieces of evidence that proved how dysregulated miRNA expression can lead to RAS (HRAS, KRAS, or NRAS) activation irrespective of their oncogenic mutations. These findings revealed relevant pathogenic mechanisms as well as mechanisms of resistance to target therapies. Based on this knowledge, potential approaches for the control of RAS oncogenic activation can be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Roncarati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,CNR, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lupini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ram C Shankaraiah
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Rawat M, Kadian K, Gupta Y, Kumar A, Chain PSG, Kovbasnjuk O, Kumar S, Parasher G. MicroRNA in Pancreatic Cancer: From Biology to Therapeutic Potential. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100752. [PMID: 31557962 PMCID: PMC6827136 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for more than 45,750 deaths annually in the U.S. alone. The aggressive nature and late diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, coupled with the limitations of existing chemotherapy, present the pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent reports have demonstrated a critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Furthermore, aberrant expressions of miRNAs have often been associated with the cause and consequence of pancreatic cancer, emphasizing the possible use of miRNAs in the effective management of pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and its role in fundamental cellular process and miRNA studies in pancreatic cancer patients and animal models. Subsequent sections narrate the role of miRNA in, (i) cell cycle and proliferation; (ii) apoptosis; (iii) invasions and metastasis; and (iv) various cellular signaling pathways. We also describe the role of miRNA's in pancreatic cancer; (i) diagnosis; (ii) prognosis and (iii) therapeutic intervention. Conclusion section describes the gist of review with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Kavita Kadian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India.
| | - Yash Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Anand Kumar
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Patrick S G Chain
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Gulshan Parasher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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47
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Tumor penetrating nanomedicine targeting both an oncomiR and an oncogene in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5349-5358. [PMID: 31523393 PMCID: PMC6731108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer is one of the major current challenges in cancer research. KRAS mutations and miRNA dysregulation (e.g. miR-21-5p oncomiR) play key roles in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), leading to rapid progression of the disease. As the KRAS mutation is a main driver of PDAC, anti-KRAS strategies remain a major therapeutic approach for PDAC treatment. Previously, utilization of either siKRAS or small chemically modified single-stranded RNA molecules that specifically disable miR-21 (anti-miR-21) were effective in slowing PDAC tumor growth in various tumor models when packaged in an innovative delivery system (TPN) required for efficient drug delivery to the PDAC tumor site. Here we have tested the utility of targeting the KRAS pathway through multiple mechanisms and via dual targeting of a PDAC oncomiR and oncogene. Initially we found that miR-217, which has been shown to directly regulate KRAS expression, is downregulated in our PDAC samples, thus we tested the benefits of anti-miR-21, miR-217 mimic or siKRAS loaded into the tumor-penetrating nanoparticles (TPN) that we had previously shown to potently target the largely impenetrable PDAC tumors, and found an enhanced anti-tumoral response upon dual treatments in KRAS-mutated PDAC models.
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48
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Sutaria DS, Jiang J, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Wright L, Bray JA, Fredenburg K, Liu X, Lu J, Torres C, Mancinelli G, Grippo PJ, Coppola V, Schmittgen TD. Knockout of Acinar Enriched microRNAs in Mice Promote Duct Formation But Not Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11147. [PMID: 31367007 PMCID: PMC6668398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic acinar-enriched miR-216a, miR-216b and miR-217 are encoded within the miR217HG. These miRNAs have been purported to play a tumor suppressive role as their expression is reduced in both human and mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To examine this possibility, we generated individual, germline knockout (KO) mice of miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217. Unlike our previous study showing germline deletion of the miR217HG was embryonic lethal, CRISPR-Cas9 deleted portions of the 5' seed region of the miRNAs produced live births. To investigate possible phenotypes during pancreatic acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM), pancreatic acini from wild type and KO mice were plated on collagen and allowed to transdifferentiate over 4 days. Acini from each of the three miRNA KO mice produced greater numbers of ducts compared to controls. Evaluation of the gene expression during in vitro ADM demonstrated an increase in Krt19 and a reduction in acinar genes (Carboxypeptidase A1, Amylase2a) on day 4 of the transdifferentiation. Recovery was delayed for the miR-216a and miR-216b KOs following caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Also predominate in the caerulein treated miR-216a and miR-216b KO mice was the presence of pancreatic duct glands (PDGs). To further establish a phenotype, miRNA KO mice were crossed with EL-KRASG12D (EK) mice and followed up to 13 months of age. While all mice developed severe dysplasia and cystic papillary neoplasms, there existed no apparent phenotypic difference in the miRNA KO/EK mice compared to EK mice. Our data does not support a tumor suppressor role for miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217 in PDAC and emphasizes the need for phenotypic evaluation of miRNAs in complex in vivo models beyond that performed using cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvitkumar S Sutaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinmai Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Clara Azevedo-Pouly
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lais Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Bray
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University, Beijing, China
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas D Schmittgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Miller MD, Salinas EA, Newtson AM, Sharma D, Keeney ME, Warrier A, Smith BJ, Bender DP, Goodheart MJ, Thiel KW, Devor EJ, Leslie KK, Gonzalez-Bosquet J. An integrated prediction model of recurrence in endometrial endometrioid cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5301-5315. [PMID: 31239780 PMCID: PMC6559142 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s202628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Endometrial cancer incidence and mortality are rising in the US. Disease recurrence has been shown to have a significant impact on mortality. However, to date, there are no accurate and validated prediction models that would discriminate which individual patients are likely to recur. Reliably predicting recurrence would be of benefit for treatment decisions following surgery. We present an integrated model constructed with comprehensive clinical, pathological and molecular features designed to discriminate risk of recurrence for patients with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Subjects and methods: A cohort of endometrioid endometrial cancer patients treated at our institution was assembled. Clinical characteristics were extracted from patient charts. Primary tumors from these patients were obtained and total tissue RNA extracted for RNA sequencing. A prediction model was designed containing both clinical characteristics and molecular profiling of the tumors. The same analysis was carried out with data derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas for replication and external validation. Results: Prediction models derived from our institutional data predicted recurrence with high accuracy as evidenced by areas under the curve approaching 1. Similar trends were observed in the analysis of TCGA data. Further, a scoring system for risk of recurrence was devised that showed specificities as high as 81% and negative predictive value as high as 90%. Lastly, we identify specific molecular characteristics of patient tumors that may contribute to the process of disease recurrence. Conclusion: By constructing a comprehensive model, we are able to reliably predict recurrence in endometrioid endometrial cancer. We devised a clinically useful scoring system and thresholds to discriminate risk of recurrence. Finally, the data presented here open a window to understanding the mechanisms of recurrence in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Erin A Salinas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andreea M Newtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew E Keeney
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Akshaya Warrier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David P Bender
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael J Goodheart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kristina W Thiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Eric J Devor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Leslie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jesus Gonzalez-Bosquet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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50
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Nie M, Tan X, Lu Y, Wu Z, Li J, Xu D, Zhang P, You F. Network of microRNA-transcriptional factor-mRNA in cold response of turbot Scophthalmus maximus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:583-597. [PMID: 30790148 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand fish cold-tolerant mechanism. We analyzed the transcriptional reactions to the cold condition in turbot Scophthalmus maximus by using RNA-seq and microRNA (miRNA)-seq. Meio-gynogenetic diploid turbots were treated at 0 °C to distinguish the cold-tolerant (CT) and cold-sensitive (CS) groups. The results showed that there were quite different responses at both mRNA and miRNA levels, with more up-regulated mRNAs (1069 vs. 194) and less down-regulated miRNAs (4 vs. 1) in CT versus CS relative to the control group. The network of miRNA-transcription factor-mRNA, regulating turbot different response to cold stress, was constructed, which involved in cell cycle, component of cell membrane, signal transduction, and circadian rhythm pathways. The above information demonstrates mechanisms by which cold tolerance is increased in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xungang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, 316100, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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