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Harris SM, Bakulski KM, Dou J, Houskamp E, Scheeres EC, Schellenboom E, Harlow O, Loch-Caruso R, Boldenow E. The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation transcriptomic pathways and cytokine secretion in a macrophage cell model. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 84:105429. [PMID: 35811015 PMCID: PMC10353343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC) inhibits cytokine secretion in pathogen stimulated fetal membrane tissue but little is known about the mechanism for these effects, including which cell types or transcriptomic pathways are impacted. Macrophages play a critical role in fetal membrane immune responses during infection. We tested the hypothesis that DCVC inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammation pathways in macrophage-like THP-1 cells. We treated THP-1 cells for 24 h then treated with 1, 5, or 10 μM DCVC for 24 h. After a 4 h incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we collected RNA and cell media. We performed transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing for 5 μM DCVC treatments and quantified cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) for 1, 5 and 10 μM DCVC treatments. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 1399 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05 and log 2 fold change magnitude>2.5) in cells co-treated with DCVC and LPS compared to LPS alone. For example, TNF had a log2(fold-change) = -3.5 with the addition of DCVC. Pathways downregulated (adjusted p-value<0.05) in DCVC+LPS treatments versus LPS-only treatments included: "acute inflammatory response", "production of molecular mediator of immune response" and "phagocytosis". LPS increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in culture media (p < 0.001), but this was inhibited by co-treatment with DCVC (p < 0.001 for LPS vs. LPS + DCVC treatments). Our results demonstrate that DCVC suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Ethan Houskamp
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4402, USA.
| | - Eleanor C Scheeres
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4402, USA.
| | - Emily Schellenboom
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4402, USA.
| | - Olivia Harlow
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4402, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4402, USA.
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Evaluation of Ammonia Nitrogen Exposure in Immune Defenses Present on Spleen and Head-Kidney of Wuchang Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063129. [PMID: 35328551 PMCID: PMC8953400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most important environmental factors in aquatic ecosystems. However, there are limited studies on the effects of chronic or long-term ammonia stress and its potential molecular mechanism in fish. This study aimed to investigate the immune response and molecular mechanisms in the spleen and head-kidney of fish following chronic ammonia exposure. Megalobrama amblycephala (9.98 ± 0.48 g) were exposed to different concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (0-30 mg/L) for 30 days. Ammonia exposure caused significant increases in cortisol levels and decreases in lysozyme and complement 3/4 concentrations in the serum, indicating inhibitory effects of ammonia stress on innate immune responses. Ammonia exposure also induced concentration-dependent increases in ammonia concentrations in tissue, pathological damage and indexes of spleen and head-kidney. Additionally, the contents of immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as well as mRNA levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs)/Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-independent signaling molecules in the spleen and head-kidney were significantly downregulated after ammonia exposure. Our findings suggested that chronic ammonia exposure caused the suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses through downregulating TLR/MyD88-independent signaling. Adverse influences of chronic ammonia stress were more severe in the spleen than in the head-kidney.
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Zamanian Z, Yousefinejad S, Dehghan SF, Rahmani A. Hemato-Biochemical Responses Of Rats Co-Exposed To Heat Stress And Trichloroethylene Vapors. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim — The present study was aimed to measure some hemato-biochemical parameters of male Sprague-Dawley rats co-exposed to different levels of heat stress and Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. Methods — All male rats were randomly divided into nine equal groups of 5 animals each. They were exposed to heat stress and TCE vapors in a subacute manner (8 hr/day for 10 days) according to experimental design. Blood samples were taken from the heart of all animals at the end of the 10th day of exposure. Hematology and biochemical parameters were determined using the automated hematology analyzer and an automated biochemistry, respectively. Results — The values of WBC, RBC and HB significantly decreased after co-exposure 250 ppm TCE and extreme heat stress; although, this exposure condition lead to statistically significant increase in mean levels of MCV, RDW, ALP, CPK and LDH. Our findings indicated that there were the subtractive and independent interactions for the hematological parameters and the additive, subtractive and independent interactions for biochemical parameters based on the exposure level to trichloroethylene and heat stress. Conclusion — Heat stress may increase sensitivity of workers to trichloroethylene and the simultaneous effects of exposure provide the circumstances for the occurrence of a variety of disorders.
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Lee KM, Bassig BA, Zhang L, Vermeulen RC, Hu W, Wong JYY, Qiu C, Wen C, Huang Y, Purdue MP, Ji BT, Li L, Tang X, Rothman N, Smith MT, Lan Q. Association between occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and serum levels of microRNAs: a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study in China. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1077-1085. [PMID: 31161417 PMCID: PMC6953905 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a suspected lymphomagen, and serum levels of miRNAs in a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study of TCE-exposed workers and comparable unexposed controls in China. METHODS Serum levels of 40 miRNAs were compared in 74 workers exposed to TCE (median: 12 ppm) and 90 unexposed control workers. Linear regression models were used to test for differences in serum miRNA levels between exposed and unexposed workers and to evaluate exposure-response relationships across TCE exposure categories using a three-level ordinal variable [i.e., unexposed, < 12 ppm, the median value among workers exposed to TCE) and ≥ 12 ppm)]. Models were adjusted for sex, age, current smoking, current alcohol use, and recent infection. RESULTS Seven miRNAs showed significant differences between exposed and unexposed workers at FDR (false discovery rate) < 0.20. miR-150-5p and let-7b-5p also showed significant inverse exposure-response associations with TCE exposure (Ptrend= 0.002 and 0.03, respectively). The % differences in serum levels of miR-150-5p relative to unexposed controls were - 13% and - 20% among workers exposed to < 12 ppm and ≥ 12 ppm TCE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS miR-150-5p is involved in B cell receptor pathways and let-7b-5p plays a role in the innate immune response processes that are potentially important in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to directly test the association between serum levels of these miRNAs and risk of NHL in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roel C Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Services, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason Y Y Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuangyi Qiu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiju Wen
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Mark P Purdue
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiang Tang
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Toxicological Effects of Inhalation Exposure to Trichloroethylene on Serum Immunoglobulin and Electrolyte Levels in Rats. HEALTH SCOPE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.80277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mbareche H, Morawska L, Duchaine C. On the interpretation of bioaerosol exposure measurements and impacts on health. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:789-804. [PMID: 30821643 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1587552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioaerosols are recognized as one of the main transmission routes for infectious diseases and are responsible for other various types of health effects through inhalation and potential ingestion. Associating exposure with bioaerosol and health problems is challenging, and adequate exposure monitoring is a top priority for aerosol scientists. The multiple factors affecting bioaerosol content, the variability in the focus of each bioaerosol exposure study, and the variations in experimental design and the standardization of methods make bioaerosol exposure studies very difficult. Therefore, the health impacts of bioaerosol exposure are still poorly understood. This paper presents a brief description of a state-of-the-art development in bioaerosol exposure studies supported by studies on several related subjects. The main objective of this paper is to propose new considerations for bioaerosol exposure guidelines and the development of tools and study designs to better interpret bioaerosol data. The principal observations and findings are the discrepancy of the applicable methods in bioaerosol studies that makes result comparison impossible. Furthermore, the silo mentality helps in creating a bigger gap in the knowledge accumulated about bioaerosol exposure. Innovative and original ideas are presented for aerosol scientists and health scientists to consider and discuss. Although many examples cited herein are from occupational exposure, the discussion has relevance to any human environment. This work gives concrete suggestions for how to design a full bioaerosol study that includes all of the key elements necessary to help understand the real impacts of bioaerosol exposure in the short term. The creation of the proposed bioaerosol public database could give crucial information to control the public health. Implications: How can we move toward a bioaerosol exposure guidelines? The creation of the bioaerosol public database will help accumulate information for long-term association studies and help determine specific exposure biomarkers to bioaerosols. The implementation of such work will lead to a deeper understanding and more efficient utilization of bioaerosol studies to prevent public health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mbareche
- a Centre de recherche de l'institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
- b Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique , Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
| | - Lidia Morawska
- c School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Environmental Technologies , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- a Centre de recherche de l'institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
- b Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique , Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval , Quebec City , Quebec , Canada
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Lee KM, Zhang L, Vermeulen RC, Hu W, Bassig BA, Wong JY, Qiu C, Purdue MP, Wen C, Walker DI, Jones DP, Li L, Huang Y, Rothman N, Smith MT, Lan Q. Alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of trichloroethylene below current regulatory standards. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:376-381. [PMID: 30971425 PMCID: PMC6953904 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The occupational exposure limit for trichloroethylene (TCE) in different countries varies from 1 to 100 ppm as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Many countries currently use 10 ppm as the regulatory standard for occupational exposures, but the biological effects in humans at this level of exposure remain unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate alterations in immune and renal biomarkers among workers occupationally exposed to low levels of TCE below current regulatory standards. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study of 80 healthy workers exposed to a wide range of TCE (ie, 0.4-229 ppm) and 96 comparable unexposed controls in China, and previously reported that TCE exposure was associated with multiple candidate biological markers related to immune function and kidney toxicity. Here, we conducted further analyses of all of the 31 biomarkers that we have measured to determine the magnitude and statistical significance of changes in the subgroup of workers (n=35) exposed to <10 ppm TCE compared with controls. RESULTS Six immune biomarkers (ie, CD4+ effector memory T cells, sCD27, sCD30, interleukin-10, IgG and IgM) were significantly decreased (% difference ranged from -16.0% to -72.1%) and one kidney toxicity marker (kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1) was significantly increased (% difference: +52.5%) among workers exposed to <10 ppm compared with the control group. These associations remained noteworthy after taking into account multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (ie, <0.20). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that occupational exposure to TCE below 10 ppm as an 8-hour TWA may alter levels of key markers of immune function and kidney toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Roel C. Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Services, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bryan A. Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason Y.Y. Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chuangyi Qiu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cuiju Wen
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Foshan City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Wang X, Yu Y, Xie HB, Shen T, Zhu QX. Complement regulatory protein CD59a plays a protective role in immune liver injury of trichloroethylene-sensitized BALB/c mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:105-113. [PMID: 30685621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a major occupational and environmental chemical compound which causes occupational dermatitis medicamentosa-like of TCE with severe liver damage. Our previous studies showed that complement activation was a newly recognized mechanism for TCE-induced liver damage. The objective of this study was to explore the role of the key complement regulatory protein, CD59a, in TCE-induced immune liver injury. We firstly evaluated the changes of CD59a expression in liver tissue and then investigated if the changes were associated with membrane attack complex (MAC) formation, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation and liver damage in BALB/c mice model of TCE-induced skin sensitization in the absence or presence of soluble recombinant rat CD59-Cys. The results showed that low expression of CD59a accompanied by MAC deposition in the liver of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice, which was consistent in time. In addition, activation of NF-κB pathway, upregulation of inflammatory cytokine and liver damage also occured. Additional experiment showed that recombinant rat sCD59-Cys alleviated inflammation and liver damage in TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. Moreover, recombinant rat sCD59-Cys reduced MAC formation and inhibited NF-κB activation measured by P-IκBα and nuclear NF-κB p65 in the liver of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice. In conclusion, recombinant rat sCD59-Cys plays a protective role in immune liver injury of TCE-sensitized BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hai-Bo Xie
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Zamanian Z, Yousefinejad S, Khoshnoud MJ, Golbabaie F, Farhang Dehghan S, Modaresi A, Amanat S, Reza Zare M, Rahmani A. Toxic effects of subacute inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene on serum lipid profile, glucose and biochemical parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:354-360. [PMID: 30479189 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1526233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the inhalation toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) at 0, 10, 100, 250 and 400 ppm in Sprague-Dawley rats for 10 day period, because the subacute inhalation toxicity of TCE on serum lipid profile, glucose and some biochemical parameters has not been previously reported. TCE vapors were generated using the dynamic generation system based on evaporation method in the exposure chamber. On the basis of the results, mean serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and albumin (ALB) decreased significantly in all the groups exposed to TCE compared with the control group (p < .005), but there was a significant increase for parameters: fasting blood glucose (FBG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < .005). Rats exposed to 400 ppm TCE showed a significant decrease in serum cholesterol (CHOL) and protein (Pr) compared with the control group (p < .005). A negative relationship was found between triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), CHOL, LDL, Pr, ALB and urea levels and the subacute exposure to concentrations of TCE (R2 = -0.26, p < .05), but there was a direct correlation for parameters FBG, ALP and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (R2 = 0.42, p < .05). In conclusion, studies with Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that subacute inhalation exposure to TCE (≥ 100 PPM) is associated with biochemical and lipotoxicity in the form of decreased serum ALB and LDL and raised ALP and glucose levels. The present study also provides additional evidence relating to decreased serum CHOL and Pr after subacute inhalation exposure to 400 ppm TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zamanian
- a Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Saeed Yousefinejad
- a Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khoshnoud
- b Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, School of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Farideh Golbabaie
- c Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Somayeh Farhang Dehghan
- d Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Safety , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Aboutaleb Modaresi
- e Modaresi Laboratory , Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan , Iran
| | - Sasan Amanat
- f Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Larestan University of Medical Sciences , Larestan , Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zare
- g Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health , Larestan University of Medical Sciences , Larestan , Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Rahmani
- a Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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Xueqin Y, Wenxue L, Peimao L, Wen Z, Xianqing H, Zhixiong Z. Cytokine expression and cytokine-based T-cell profiling in occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis due to trichloroethylene. Toxicol Lett 2018; 288:129-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tachachartvanich P, Sangsuwan R, Ruiz HS, Sanchez SS, Durkin KA, Zhang L, Smith MT. Assessment of the Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Trichloroethylene and Its Metabolites Using in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1542-1550. [PMID: 29294279 PMCID: PMC6290898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, which may have effects on both ecosystem and human health. TCE has been reported to cause several toxic effects, but little effort has been made to assess the ecological risks of TCE or its major metabolites: trichloroethanol (TCOH), trichloroacetic acid, and oxalic acid (OA). In this study, the endocrine-disrupting potential of TCE and its metabolites were investigated using in vitro and in silico approaches. We examined alterations in the steroidogenesis pathway using the NCI-H295R cell line and utilized receptor-mediated luciferase reporter cell lines to identify effects on estrogen and androgen receptors. Molecular docking was also used to explore chemical interactions with these receptors. All test chemicals except OA significantly increased 17β-estradiol production which can be attributed to an up-regulation of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Moreover, TCOH exhibited significant antiestrogenic activity with a RIC20 (20% relative inhibitory concentration) of 3.7 × 10-7 M. Molecular docking simulation supported this finding with lower docking scores for TCOH, indicating that hydrogen bonds may stabilize the interaction between TCOH and the estrogen receptor binding pocket. These findings suggest that TCE contamination poses an endocrine-disrupting threat, which has implications for both ecological and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phum Tachachartvanich
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rapeepat Sangsuwan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heather S. Ruiz
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sylvia S. Sanchez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Zhang JX, Li N, Wang H, Shen T, Zhu QX. The immune response in trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome: A review. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:876-883. [PMID: 29020883 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717731213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has been used for a variety of industrial and consumer cleaning purposes because of its ability to dissolve organic substances. The multisystem injuries include those of skin, liver, and kidney, which are defined as TCE hypersensitivity syndrome (THS). THS is a serious occupational health issue. However, the mechanism of immune dysfunction leading to organ injury is poorly understood. Many studies reveal that skin lesions and organ injury caused by TCE are consistent with type IV hypersensitivity, also called delayed hypersensitivity, mediated by T cells. However, many researchers found T cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity could not account for the pathogenesis of THS fully. Humoral immunity, including immunoglobulins and complement activation, may also play a possible role in THS pathogenesis. This review will describe the history, current understanding, and future research directions of the mechanism of THS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiang Zhang
- 1 Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.,2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Na Li
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 3 Department of Nutrition, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- 2 Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Qi-Xing Zhu
- 1 Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
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13
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Potential immunotoxic effects of trichloroethylene-induced IV allergic reaction in renal impairment. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:140-149. [PMID: 28867961 PMCID: PMC5573886 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.69354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is known to induce allergic contact dermatitis and subsequent occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis (OMLD) with multi-system injuries, including liver, kidney, and skin injuries. However, the mechanisms underlying immune system dysfunction that result in organ injury have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we measured the levels of secreted cytokines by effect or T cells in TCE-treated guinea pigs to better understand the contribution of allergic disorders in renal injuries. We immunized guinea pigs with trichloroethylene using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and scored the inflammation on the guinea pigs' skin. The kidney function and ultra-structural changes in the kidneys were detected using biochemical methods and electron microscopy. The deposition of cytokines was determined using immunohistochemistry. The sensitization rate was 63.16% in the TCE-sensitized groups. The electron microscopy results showed tubular epithelial cell mitochondrial swelling, vacuolar degeneration, and atrophy of the microvillus in the sensitized groups. A high degree of cytokine deposition was observed in the renal tubular proximal epithelial cells in the TCE-sensitized groups. As observed in this study, the variation in the level of immune system activation not only indicates that TCE can largely magnify the immune reaction but also suggests a potential role of immune dysfunction in renal impairment.
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14
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Ordaz JD, Damayanti NP, Irudayaraj JMK. Toxicological effects of trichloroethylene exposure on immune disorders. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:305-317. [PMID: 28828896 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1364262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the most common ground water contaminants in USA. Even though recent regulation mandates restricted utilization of TCE, its use is not completely prohibited, especially in industrial and manufacturing processes. The risk of TCE on human health is an ongoing field of study and its implications on certain diseases such as cancer has been recognized and well-documented. However, the link between TCE and immune disorders is still an under-studied area. Studies on the risk of TCE on the immune system is usually focused on certain immune class disorders, but consensus on the impact of TCE on the immune system has not been established. This review presents representative work that investigates the effect of TCE on immune disorders and highlights future opportunities. We attempt to provide a broader perspective of the risks of TCE on the immune system and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue D Ordaz
- a Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering , Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,b Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Nur P Damayanti
- a Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering , Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA.,b Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Joseph M K Irudayaraj
- a Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering , Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
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15
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Walker DI, Uppal K, Zhang L, Vermeulen R, Smith M, Hu W, Purdue MP, Tang X, Reiss B, Kim S, Li L, Huang H, Pennell KD, Jones DP, Rothman N, Lan Q. High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1517-1527. [PMID: 27707868 PMCID: PMC5100622 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney and liver cancer; however, TCE’s mode of action for development of these diseases in humans is not well understood. Methods: Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of plasma obtained from 80 TCE-exposed workers [full shift exposure range of 0.4 to 230 parts-per-million of air (ppma)] and 95 matched controls were completed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological response to TCE exposure was determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework, with metabolic changes and plasma TCE metabolites evaluated by dose-response and pathway enrichment. Biological perturbations were then linked to immunological, renal and exposure molecular markers measured in the same population. Results: Metabolic features associated with TCE exposure included known TCE metabolites, unidentifiable chlorinated compounds and endogenous metabolites. Exposure resulted in a systemic response in endogenous metabolism, including disruption in purine catabolism and decreases in sulphur amino acid and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolite associations with TCE exposure included uric acid (β = 0.13, P-value = 3.6 × 10−5), glutamine (β = 0.08, P-value = 0.0013), cystine (β = 0.75, P-value = 0.0022), methylthioadenosine (β = −1.6, P-value = 0.0043), taurine (β = −2.4, P-value = 0.0011) and chenodeoxycholic acid (β = −1.3, P-value = 0.0039), which are consistent with known toxic effects of TCE, including immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Correlation with additional exposure markers and physiological endpoints supported known disease associations. Conclusions: High-resolution metabolomics correlates measured occupational exposure to internal dose and metabolic response, providing insight into molecular mechanisms of exposure-related disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I Walker
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, .,Deptartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martyn Smith
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Tang
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Boris Reiss
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Guangdong, China
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- Deptartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.,Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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16
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Changes in the Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Immunity in Chronic Psychological Stress Rats and Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture at the Zusanli Point (ST36). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1935372. [PMID: 27594888 PMCID: PMC4987473 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1935372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Now, chronic psychological stress (CPS) related diseases are increasing. Many CPS patients have gastrointestinal complaints, immune suppression, and immune imbalance. Increasing evidence is indicating that acupuncture (AP) at the Zusanli point (ST36) can alleviate functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), immune suppression, and immune imbalance. However, few studies have investigated the potential mechanisms. In this study, CPS rat models were established, and electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 was done for CPS rats. Daily food intake, weight, intestinal sensitivity, the morphology of interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine, and serum indexes were measured. The study found that, in CPS rats, EA at ST36 could improve food intake, weight, visceral hypersensitivity, and immunity; in CPS rats, in small intestine, the morphology of ICCs was abnormal and the number was decreased, which may be part causes of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. EA at ST36 showed useful therapeutic effects. The mechanisms may be partially related to its repairing effects on ICCs damages; in CPS rats, there were immune suppression and immune imbalance, which may be part causes of visceral hypersensitivity. EA at ST36 showed useful therapeutic effects. The mechanisms may be partially related to its regulation on immunity.
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17
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Trichloroethylene and Its Oxidative Metabolites Enhance the Activated State and Th1 Cytokine Gene Expression in Jurkat Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:10575-86. [PMID: 26343699 PMCID: PMC4586629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120910575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an occupational and ubiquitous environmental contaminant, and TCE exposure will increase the risk of autoimmune diseases and allergic diseases. T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of TCE-related immune disorders, but the effect of TCE and its oxidative metabolites, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA), on the activation of human T cells is still unknown. In this study, Jurkat cells were pre-treated with TCE, TCA and DCA overnight and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for another 4, 8 and 24 hours. IL-2 secretion was detected by ELISA; the expressions of CD25 and CD69 were tested by flow cytometry; and IFN-γ and IL-2 mRNA expression levels were investigated by real-time PCR. The results showed that TCE and its oxidative metabolites, TCA and DCA, significantly enhanced IL-2 releasing and the expression of T cell activation markers, CD25 and CD69. Consistent with this result, these compounds markedly up-regulated the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 mRNA. Collectively, these findings suggest that TCE and its metabolites, TCA and DCA, might enhance the activation of T cells and disrupt various activities of peripheral T cells.
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18
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Zhang JX, Zha WS, Ye LP, Wang F, Wang H, Shen T, Wu CH, Zhu QX. Complement C5a-C5aR interaction enhances MAPK signaling pathway activities to mediate renal injury in trichloroethylene sensitized BALB/c mice. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:271-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-xiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Wan-sheng Zha
- Anhui NO.2 Province People's Hospital; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Liang-ping Ye
- Institute of Dermatology; Anhui Medical University; 81 Meishan Road Hefei Anhui China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health; Anhui Medical University; Hefei Anhui China
- Institute of Dermatology; Anhui Medical University; 81 Meishan Road Hefei Anhui China
| | - Chang-hao Wu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford UK
| | - Qi-xing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology; Anhui Medical University; 81 Meishan Road Hefei Anhui China
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19
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Hong WX, Huang A, Lin S, Yang X, Yang L, Zhou L, Huang H, Wu D, Huang X, Xu H, Liu J. Differential expression profile of membrane proteins in L-02 cells exposed to trichloroethylene. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1774-83. [PMID: 26045551 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715588438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE), a halogenated organic solvent widely used in industries, is known to cause severe hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying TCE hepatotoxicity are still not well understood. It is predicted that membrane proteins are responsible for key biological functions, and recent studies have revealed that TCE exposure can induce abnormal levels of membrane proteins in body fluids and cultured cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the TCE-induced alterations of membrane proteins profiles in human hepatic L-02 liver cells. A comparative membrane proteomics analysis was performed in combination with two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 15 proteins were identified as differentially expressed (4 upregulated and 11 downregulated) between TCE-treated cells and normal controls. Among this, 14 of them are suggested as membrane-associated proteins by their transmembrane domain and/or subcellular location. Furthermore, the differential expression of β subunit of adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATP5B) and prolyl 4-hydroxylase, β polypeptide (P4HB) were verified by Western blot analysis in TCE-treated L-02 cells. Our work not only reveals the association between TCE exposure and altered expression of membrane proteins but also provides a novel strategy to discover membrane biomarkers and elucidate the potential mechanisms involving with membrane proteins response to chemical-induced toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aibo Huang
- Pharmacy College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Population and Family Planning, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Pharmacy College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Medical Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Medical Key Laboratory of Health Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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20
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Singthong S, Pakkong P, Choosang K, Wongsanit S. Occupational health risks among trichloroethylene-exposed workers in a clock manufacturing factory. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7:161-72. [PMID: 25560356 PMCID: PMC4796495 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is an important volatile organic compound once widely used in industry throughout the world. Occupational exposure to TCE can cause a number of health hazards such as allergic reactions and genetic damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate occupational exposure to TCE, by analysis of the air in the breathing zone and of urine from workers employed in a clock manufacturing factory. A subjective symptom survey was conducted by using a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the health hazards. Micronucleus (MN) frequency, based on the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, (PBLs) was used as a biomarker for chromosome damage. A total of 244 participants, including 171 workers occupationally exposed to TCE and 73 non-exposed control employees, working mainly in office jobs in the same factory, were enrolled in this study. Analyses of airborne TCE concentrations in the workplace, and of urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) of the workers and controls, were performed by Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD) using the modified headspace technique. The average concentration of TCE in the workplace breathing zone was 27.83 ± 6.02 ppm. The average level of urinary TCA of the exposed workers and controls was 14.84 ± 1.62, 2.95 ± 0.28 mg/L. The frequency of MN/1000BN was 7.029 ± 0.39, significantly higher than for those in the control group (3.57 ± 0.31, p = 0.001). According to multiple linear regression analysis, the results indicated that urinary TCA levels correlated with the increased MN in exposed workers (r = 0.285, p < 0.001). The prevalence rate of subjective symptoms in the exposed group was 9.61-11.76 times higher than the rate of the non-exposed group (p < 0.001). It was found that skin (29.6%) and respiratory symptoms (21.1%) were the most frequent among the exposed workers. In conclusion, these results indicate that increased micronucleus frequency is associated with occupational trichloroethylene exposure. The use of TCE in the factory is threatening workers’ health.
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21
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Rusyn I, Chiu WA, Lash LH, Kromhout H, Hansen J, Guyton KZ. Trichloroethylene: Mechanistic, epidemiologic and other supporting evidence of carcinogenic hazard. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:55-68. [PMID: 23973663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The chlorinated solvent trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. The carcinogenic hazard of TCE was the subject of a 2012 evaluation by a Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Information on exposures, relevant data from epidemiologic studies, bioassays in experimental animals, and toxicity and mechanism of action studies was used to conclude that TCE is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). This article summarizes the key evidence forming the scientific bases for the IARC classification. Exposure to TCE from environmental sources (including hazardous waste sites and contaminated water) is common throughout the world. While workplace use of TCE has been declining, occupational exposures remain of concern, especially in developing countries. The strongest human evidence is from studies of occupational TCE exposure and kidney cancer. Positive, although less consistent, associations were reported for liver cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. TCE is carcinogenic at multiple sites in multiple species and strains of experimental animals. The mechanistic evidence includes extensive data on the toxicokinetics and genotoxicity of TCE and its metabolites. Together, available evidence provided a cohesive database supporting the human cancer hazard of TCE, particularly in the kidney. For other target sites of carcinogenicity, mechanistic and other data were found to be more limited. Important sources of susceptibility to TCE toxicity and carcinogenicity were also reviewed by the Working Group. In all, consideration of the multiple evidence streams presented herein informed the IARC conclusions regarding the carcinogenicity of TCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rusyn
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Bassig BA, Zhang L, Tang X, Vermeulen R, Shen M, Smith MT, Qiu C, Ge Y, Ji Z, Reiss B, Hosgood HD, Liu S, Bagni R, Guo W, Purdue M, Hu W, Yue F, Li L, Huang H, Rothman N, Lan Q. Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene and serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:450-4. [PMID: 23798002 PMCID: PMC4360987 DOI: 10.1002/em.21789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the immunotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE), we conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study in China of workers exposed to TCE. We measured serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, which play a critical role in regulating various components of the immune system, in 71 exposed workers and 78 unexposed control workers. Repeated personal exposure measurements were taken in workers before blood collection using 3 M organic vapor monitoring badges. Compared to unexposed workers, the serum concentration of IL-10 in workers exposed to TCE was decreased by 70% (P = 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Further, the magnitude of decline in IL-10 was >60% and statistically significant in workers exposed to <12 ppm as well as in workers with exposures ≥ 12 ppm of TCE, compared to unexposed workers. No significant differences in levels of IL-6 or TNF-α were observed among workers exposed to TCE compared to unexposed controls. Given that IL-10 plays an important role in immunologic processes, including mediating the Th1/Th2 balance, our findings provide additional evidence that TCE is immunotoxic in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Min Shen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Chuangyi Qiu
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Ge
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Ji
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Boris Reiss
- Formerly of the University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H. Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Rachel Bagni
- Protein Expression Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Weihong Guo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fei Yue
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laiyu Li
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Huang
- Guangdong Poison Control Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
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