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Khan MM, Sharma V, Serajuddin M, Kirabo A. Integrated grade-wise profiling analysis reveals potential plasma miR-373-3p as prognostic indicator in Prostate Cancer & its target KPNA2. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:954-963. [PMID: 38699204 PMCID: PMC11063115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently garnered attention for their potential as stable biomarkers in the context of Prostate Cancer (PCa), demonstrating established associations with tumor grade, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and metastasis. This study seeks to assess the utility of plasma miRNAs as prognostic indicators for distinguishing between high-grade and low-grade PCa, and to explore their involvement in PCa pathogenesis. Methodology We conducted miRNA profiling in both plasma and tissue specimens from patients with varying PCa grades. Subsequently, the identified miRNAs were validated in a substantial independent PCa cohort. Furthermore, we identified and confirmed the gene targets of these selected miRNAs through Western blot analysis. Results In our plasma profiling investigation, we identified 98, 132, and 154 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in high-grade PCa vs. benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), low-grade PCa vs. BPH, and high-grade PCa vs. low-grade PCa, respectively. Our tissue profiling study revealed 111, 132, and 257 statistically significant DEMs for the same comparisons. Notably, miR-373-3p emerged as the sole consistently dysregulated miRNA in both plasma and tissue samples of PCa. This miRNA displayed significant overexpression in plasma and tissue samples, with fold changes of 3.584 ± 0.5638 and 8.796 ± 1.245, respectively. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction in KPNA2 protein expression in PCa. Conclusion Our findings lend support to the potential of plasma miR-373-3p as a valuable biomarker for predicting and diagnosing PCa. Additionally, this miRNA may contribute to the progression of PCa by inhibiting KPNA2 expression, shedding light on its role in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mabood Khan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, 110021, India
| | | | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Chen X, Wei H, Yue A, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Sun W, Zhou Y, Wang Y. KPNA2 promotes the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the alternative splicing of related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17140. [PMID: 39060340 PMCID: PMC11282077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in genome regulation. In this study, we explored the latent function of KPNA2, which is an essential member of the RBP family, in the regulation of alternative splicing (AS) in gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed the role of KPNA2 in regulating differential expression and AS via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and improved RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (iRIP-seq). Clinical specimens were used to analyze the associations between KPNA2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. CCK8 assays, transwell assays and wound healing assays were performed to explore the effect of KPNA2/WDR62 on GC cell progression. KPNA2 was shown to be highly expressed in GC cells and tissues and associated with lymph node metastases. KPNA2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells and primarily regulated exon skipping, alternative 3's splice sites (A3SSs), alternative 5' splice sites (A5SSs), and cassette exons. We further revealed that KPNA2 participated in biological processes related to cell proliferation, and the immune response in GC via the regulation of transcription. In addition, KPNA2 preferentially bound to intron regions. Notably, KPNA2 regulated the A3SS AS mode of WDR62, and upregulation of WDR62 reversed the KPNA2 downregulation-induced inhibition of GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, we discovered that the AS of immune-related molecules could be regulated by KPNA2. Overall, our results demonstrated for the first time that KPNA2 functions as an oncogenic splicing factor in GC that regulated the AS and differential expression of GC-related genes, and KPNA2 may be a potential target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ailin Yue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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3
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Vriend J, Liu XQ. Survival-Related Genes on Chromosomes 6 and 17 in Medulloblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7506. [PMID: 39062749 PMCID: PMC11277021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Survival of Medulloblastoma (MB) depends on various factors, including the gene expression profiles of MB tumor tissues. In this study, we identified 967 MB survival-related genes (SRGs) using a gene expression dataset and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Notably, the SRGs were over-represented on chromosomes 6 and 17, known for the abnormalities monosomy 6 and isochromosome 17 in MB. The most significant SRG was HMGA1 (high mobility group AT-hook 1) on chromosome 6, which is a known oncogene and a histone H1 competitor. High expression of HMGA1 was associated with worse survival, primarily in the Group 3γ subtype. The high expression of HMGA1 was unrelated to any known somatic copy number alteration. Most SRGs on chromosome 17p were associated with low expression in Group 4β, the MB subtype, with 93% deletion of 17p and 98% copy gain of 17q. GO enrichment analysis showed that both chromosomes 6 and 17 included SRGs related to telomere maintenance and provided a rationale for testing telomerase inhibitors in Group 3 MBs. We conclude that HMGA1, along with other SRGs on chromosomes 6 and 17, warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic targets in selected subgroups or subtypes of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Zhou S, Zhuang C, Liu R. KPNA2 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis in a c-Myc-dependent manner via the hedgehog /GLI1 signaling pathway. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Geng X, Qiu X, Gao J, Gong Z, Zhou X, Liu C, Luo H. CREB1 regulates KPNA2 by inhibiting mir-495-3p transcription to control melanoma progression. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:57. [DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Melanoma is a common type of skin cancer, and its incidence is increasing gradually. Exploring melanoma pathogenesis helps to find new treatments.
Objective
We aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which CREB1 regulates melanoma.
Methods
TransmiR and ALGGEN were used to predict targets of CREB1 in the promoter of miR-495-3p or miR-495-3p and KPNA2, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect binding of CREB1 to these promoters. In addition, binding of CREB1 to the miR-495-3p promoter was confirmed by a ChIP assay. qRT‒PCR was carried out to detect mRNA levels of miR-495-3p, CREB1 and KPNA2. An EdU assay was conducted to detect cell viability. Transwell assays and flow cytometry were performed to assess cell migration and invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, factors associated with overall survival were analysed by using the Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
Our results show miR-495-3p to be significantly decreased in melanoma. Additionally, miR-495-3p overexpression inhibited melanoma cell viability. CREB1 targeted miR-495-3p, and CREB1 overexpression enhanced melanoma cell viability by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription. Moreover, miR-495-3p targeted KPNA2, and CREB1 regulated KPNA2 by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription to enhance melanoma cell viability.
Conclusion
CREB1 regulates KPNA2 by inhibiting miR-495-3p transcription to control melanoma progression. Our results indicate the molecular mechanism by which the CREB1/miR-495-3p/KPNA2 axis regulates melanoma progression.
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IRF2 Destabilizes Oncogenic KPNA2 to Modulate the Development of Osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9973519. [PMID: 36199790 PMCID: PMC9529396 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9973519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OS) are the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Emerging evidence revealed that karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) was strongly associated with the tumorigenesis and development of numerous human cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern, biological functions, and underlying mechanism of KPNA2 in OS. Bioinformatics TFBIND online was applied to forecast transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the promoter region of KPNA2. The expression profile of KPNA2 in OS tissues were firstly assessed. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, and migration in vitro, and in vivo experiments were performed to explore the effects of KPNA2 and interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF2) on tumor growth. Furthermore, the correlation between IRF2 and KPNA2 was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RT-qPCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase assays. KPNA2 was obviously upregulated, while IRF2 decreased significantly in OS tissues and cell lines, as well as negatively correlated with each other. KPNA2 removal remarkably suppressed OS cell growth, migration, invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo, while IRF2 knockdown exerts an opposing effect. IRF2 binds to the KPNA2 promoter to modulate the malignant phenotypes of OS cells by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study demonstrated that KPNA2 performed the oncogenic function, possibly regulating tumor development through EMT. Importantly, it was confirmed that IRF2 serves as a potential upstream TF of KPNA2 involved in the regulation of EMT progress in OS.
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Jiang L, Li D, Wang C, Liao J, Liu J, Wei Q, Wang Y. Decreased Expression of Karyopherin-α 1 is Related to the Malignant Degree of Cervical Cancer and is Critical for the Proliferation of Hela Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610518. [PMID: 35991835 PMCID: PMC9385962 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin α (KPNA) proteins are involved in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and are critical for protein subcellular localization. Recent studies have suggested that KPNA proteins are abnormally expressed in various solid tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of KPNA1 and KPNA2 in cervical cancer tissue with different histologic grades and cell lines, as well as the effects of the KPNA1 expression level on Hela cell proliferation. We collected the medical data of 106 patients with cervical cancer and investigated the protein expression of KPNA1 and KPNA2 by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The results revealed a significantly lower expression of KPNA1 in cervical cancer compared to normal tissue. Conversely, stronger staining intensity for KPNA2 was observed in cervical tumor samples. The expression levels of KPNA1 and KPNA2 were significantly associated with the tumor histologic grade. The weakest KPNA1 expression and strongest staining for KPNA2 were observed in grade III tumor tissue. The expression levels of KPNA1 were lower in Hela and C33A cells compared with normal human cervical epithelial cells; however, the expression of KPNA2 exhibited an opposite trend. The up-regulation of KPNA1 significantly suppressed the proliferation of Hela cells and relevant proteins expression, as well as promoted transportation of IRF3 into nucleus. Our results suggest the downregulation of KPNA1 expression is related to the malignant degree of cervical cancer and is closely associated with the proliferation of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhu Wei, ; Yiyang Wang,
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingzhu Wei, ; Yiyang Wang,
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8
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van der Watt PJ, Okpara MO, Wishart A, Parker MI, Soares NC, Blackburn JM, Leaner VD. Nuclear transport proteins are secreted by cancer cells and identified as potential novel cancer biomarkers. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:347-361. [PMID: 34591985 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified increased expression of members of the nuclear transport protein family in cancer cells. Recently, certain nuclear transport proteins have been reported to be secreted by cells and found in the serum. The aims of our study were to investigate the levels of multiple nuclear transport proteins secreted from cancer cells, and to determine their potential as diagnostic markers for cervical and oesophageal cancer. Mass spectrometry identified 10 nuclear transport proteins in the secretome and exosomes of cultured cancer cells, and Western blot analysis confirmed increased secreted levels in cancer cells compared to normal. To investigate their presence in patient serum, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed and revealed significantly increased levels of KPNβ1, CRM1, CAS, IPO5 and TNPO1 in cervical and oesophageal cancer patient serum compared to non-cancer controls. Significantly elevated KPNα2 and RAN levels were also identified in oesophageal cancer serum samples. Logistics regression analyses revealed IPO5 and TNPO1 to be the best performing individual candidate biomarkers in discriminating between cancer cases and controls. The combination of KPNβ1, CRM1, KPNα2, CAS, RAN, IPO5 and TNPO1 as a panel of biomarkers had the highest diagnostic capacity with an area under the curve of 0.944 and 0.963, for cervical cancer and oesophageal cancer, and sensitivity of 92.5% at 86.8% specificity and 95.3% sensitivity at 87.5% specificity, respectively. These results suggest that nuclear transport proteins have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for cervical and oesophageal cancers, with a combination of protein family members being the best predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael O Okpara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Wishart
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zheng S, Li X, Deng T, Liu R, Bai J, Zuo T, Guo Y, Chen J. KPNA2 promotes renal cell carcinoma proliferation and metastasis via NPM. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9255-9267. [PMID: 34469024 PMCID: PMC8500977 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, has been reported to be up‐regulated in tumorigenesis. However, comprehensive studies of KPNA2 functions in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still lacking. In this study, we aim to investigate the roles of KPNA2 in kidney tumour development. Our results showed that down‐regulation of KPNA2 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of kidney tumour cell cells in vitro, while the cell cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis were induced once KPNA2 was silenced. Repression of KPNA2 was proved to be efficient to repress tumorigenesis and development of kidney tumour in in nude mice. Furthermore, one related participator, NPM, was identified based on Co‐IP/MS and bioinformatics analyses. The up‐regulation of NPM attenuates the efficiency of knockdown KPNA2. These results indicated that KPNA2 may regulate NPM to play a crucial role for kidney tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zheng
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Teng Zuo
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Urology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Ni H, Ji D, Li J, Zhao Z, Zuo J. The nuclear transporter importin-11 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and acts as a tumor promoter in glioma. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:145-156. [PMID: 33571591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherins mediate the macromolecular transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and participate in cancer progression. However, the role and mechanism of importin-11 (IPO11), a member of the karyopherin family, in glioma progression remain undefined. Effects of IPO11 on glioma progression were detected using CCK-8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry analysis, caspase-3 activity assay, and Transwell invasion assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of active caspase-3, active caspase-7, active caspase-9, N-cadherin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and c-Myc. The activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was evaluated by the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor reporter assay. Results showed that IPO11 knockdown inhibited proliferation and reduced colony number in glioma cells. IPO11 silencing promoted the apoptotic rate, increased expression levels of active caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, and enhanced caspase-3 activity. Moreover, IPO11 silencing inhibited glioma cell invasion by suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, IPO11 knockdown inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. β-Catenin overexpression abolished the effects of IPO11 silencing on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in glioma cells. Furthermore, IPO11 silencing blocked the malignant phenotypes and repressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in vivo. In conclusion, IPO11 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of glioma cells by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzao Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Daofei Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Zongren Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Jiandong Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, China.
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11
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Jiang L, Liu J, Wei Q, Wang Y. KPNA2 expression is a potential marker for differential diagnosis between osteosarcomas and other malignant bone tumor mimics. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:135. [PMID: 33176814 PMCID: PMC7661224 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), a member of the karyopherin α family, has been studied in several cancers but has not yet been substantially investigated in malignant bone tumors. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the KPNA2 expression level and its utility as a novel diagnostic biomarker in osteosarcomas and malignant bone tumor mimics, such as chondrosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas (ESs). METHOD We investigated the expression of KPNA2 protein by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 223 patients with malignant and benign bone tumors, including 81 osteosarcomas, 42 chondrosarcomas, 15 ESs, 28 osteoid osteomas, 20 osteochondromas and 37 chondroblastomas. Immunoreactivity was scored semiquantitatively based on staining extent and intensity. RESULTS Sixty-seven of 81 (82.7%) osteosarcoma, zero of 42 (0%) chondrosarcoma and one of 15 (6.7%) ES samples showed immunoreactivity for KPNA2. Negative KPNA2 expression was observed in all benign bone tumors. The expression of KPNA2 in osteosarcoma samples was much higher than that in chondrosarcoma and ES samples (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of KPNA2 immunoexpression for detecting osteosarcoma were 82.7 and 100%, respectively. Several subtypes of osteosarcoma were analyzed, and immunostaining of KPNA2 was frequent in osteoblastic samples (90.9%), with 39 samples (70.9%) showing strong-intensity staining. KPNA2 positivity was observed in ten of 13 (76.9%) chondroblastic, two of 6 (33.3%) fibroblastic, three of 4 (75%) telangiectatic and two of 3 (66.7%) giant cell-rich osteosarcoma samples. The strongest intensity staining was observed in osteoblastic osteosarcoma. CONCLUSION KPNA2 is frequently expressed in osteosarcomas, particularly in osteoblastic and chondroblastic tumors, but is rarely positive in chondrosarcomas and ESs. This feature may aid in distinguishing between osteosarcoma and other bone sarcoma mimics. This report supports KPNA2 as a novel marker for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingzhu Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Karyopherin α 2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion through activating NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Life Sci 2020; 252:117611. [PMID: 32243925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Melanoma is a fatal malignancy. Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) plays an important role in many carcinogenesis. This study was aimed to study the role of KPNA2 in cellular functions and molecular mechanisms of melanoma. MAIN METHODS We investigated the expression and prognosis of KPNA2 in melanoma using the GEPIA database (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/). The effect of KPNA2 on melanoma cells was determined using real-time PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence assay, CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing assay, transwell assay, EMSA, and immunohistochemistry. The influence of KPNA2 on the tumorigenicity of melanoma cells was evaluated in a nude mice model in vivo. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that KPNA2 expression is relatively high in melanoma tissues and cells, and melanoma patients with higher expression of KPNA2 had lower overall survival rate and disease free survival rate. KPNA2 promoted proliferation ability and increased the expression of PCNA, Ki67, and C-MYC in melanoma cells. Further, KPNA2 could promote migration and invasion and increase the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Mechanism studies showed that KPNA2 activated NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways, as evidenced by the nuclear translocation of p65 and increased the expression of COX-2, ICAM-1, iNOS, and MCP1 in melanoma cells. NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 could reverse the pro-tumor effects of KPNA2 on melanoma cells. Moreover, upregulation of KPNA2 facilitated the tumorigenicity of melanoma cells. SIGNIFICANCE KPNA2 promotes proliferation, migration and invasion through enhancing NF-κB/p65 signaling pathways in melanoma cells. Our study suggests KPNA2 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Shi C, Sun L, Liu S, Zhang E, Song Y. Overexpression of Karyopherin Subunit alpha 2 (KPNA2) Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis and Promotes Bladder Cancer Tumorigenicity via the P53 Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921087. [PMID: 32147666 PMCID: PMC7081662 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to investigate the expression of KPNA2 in bladder cancer (BC) and its relationship with prognosis, and to analyze the potential mechanism of KPNA2 in promoting BC progression. Material/Methods The RNA-seq data on BC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were imported into R statistical software for differential analysis. The clinical data for patients with BC were screened and analyzed with R software. The survival curve was drawn with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter. The expression of KPNA2 in 4 human BC cell lines and a human bladder epithelial cell line was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). The proliferation of BC cells was detected with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), detection of apoptosis, and flow cytometry, and the migration and invasion of BC cells were detected through Transwell assays. WB was used to detect proteins involved in the P53 pathway. Results The expression of KPNA2 was higher in BC. The difference in KPNA2 expression was associated with many clinicopathological factors, and high expression of KPNA2 was associated with shorter survival time. After KPNA2 knockout, the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability decreased significantly, the cell cycle was clearly arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the number of apoptotic cells increased. Moreover, CyclinD1, BCL2, and pro-caspase3 decreased significantly, whereas P53, P21, BAX, and cleaved-caspase3 increased significantly. The results in the overexpression group were the opposite of results in the knockdown group. Conclusions KPNA2 is an oncogenic factor that facilitates BC tumorigenicity through the P53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong Shi
- Department of Second Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of Second Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Enchong Zhang
- Department of Second Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yongsheng Song
- Department of Second Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Han Y, Wang X. The emerging roles of KPNA2 in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 241:117140. [PMID: 31812670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2, also known as importinα-1), a member of the nuclear transporter family, is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic transport pathway of a variety of tumor-associated proteins. Recent studies have found that KPNA2 is overexpressed in various cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis. In addition, it has been shown to promote tumor formation and progression by participating in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and viral infection. It is indicated that KPNA2 also plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of tumors. Herein, we provide an overview of the function and mechanism of KPNA2 in cancer and the prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In the future, KPNA2 provides new ideas for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors, the development of molecularly targeted drugs, and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Clinical Significance of Various Drug-Sensitivity Markers in Patients with Surgically Resected Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111636. [PMID: 31653009 PMCID: PMC6895922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various drug-sensitivity markers are potentially responsible for tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients with both epithelial and sarcomatous components; however, the clinicopathological significance of drug-sensitivity markers in patients with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) remains unknown. Here, we clarified the prognostic impact of these drug-sensitivity markers in PPC by performing immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic analyses of samples from 105 patients with surgically resected PPC in order to evaluate levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), stathmin 1 (STMN1), tubulin β3 class III (TUBB3), thymidylate synthetase (TS), topoisomerase II (Topo-II), glucose-regulated protein, and 78 kDa (GRP78)/binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). We observed the rates of high expression for VEGFR2, STMN1, TUBB3, TS, Topo-II, and GRP78/BiP were 33% (39/105), 35% (37/105), 61% (64/105), 51% (53/105), 31% (33/105), and 51% (53/105) of the samples, respectively. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified VEGFR2 and GRP78/BiP as significant independent markers for predicting worse prognosis. These findings suggested elevated VEGFR2 and decreased GRP78/BiP levels as independent factors for predicting poor outcomes following surgical resection in patients with PPC.
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Song KH, Jung SY, Park JI, Ahn J, Park JK, Um HD, Park IC, Hwang SG, Ha H, Song JY. Inhibition of Karyopherin-α2 Augments Radiation-Induced Cell Death by Perturbing BRCA1-Mediated DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112843. [PMID: 31212646 PMCID: PMC6600173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been widely used in the treatment of cancer. Radiation-induced DNA damage triggers the DNA damage response (DDR), which can confer radioresistance and early local recurrence by activating DNA repair pathways. Since karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2), playing an important role in nucleocytoplasmic transport, was significantly increased by IR in our previous study, we aimed to determine the function of KPNA2 with regard to DDR. Exposure to radiation upregulated KPNA2 expression in human colorectal cancer HT29 and HCT116 cells and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells together with the increased expression of DNA repair protein BRCA1. The knockdown of KPNA2 effectively increased apoptotic cell death via inhibition of BRCA1 nuclear import following IR. Therefore, we propose that KPNA2 is a potential target for overcoming radioresistance via interruption to DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Seung-Youn Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jeong-In Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hong-Duck Um
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea.
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Wang P, Zhao Y, Liu K, Liu X, Liang J, Zhou H, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Xu N. Wip1 cooperates with KPNA2 to modulate the cell proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer via a p53-dependent manner. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15709-15718. [PMID: 31127650 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence and mortality, the early diagnosis, specific targeted therapies, and prognosis for colorectal cancer (CRC) attract more and more attention. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) and karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) have been regarded as oncogenes in many cancers, including CRC. Wip1 dephosphorylates p53 to inactivate it. TP53 activator and Wip1 inhibitor downregulate KPNA2 expression. Therefore, we speculate that Wip1 may co-operate with KPNA2 to modulate CRC progression in a p53-dependent manner. Here, Wip1 and KPNA2 messenger RNA expression and protein levels are significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines and are positively correlated with each other. Wip1 silence increases p53 phosphorylation while decreases KPNA2 protein. Wip1 knockdown remarkably suppresses CRC cell proliferation and migration while KPNA2 overexpression exerts an opposing effect. KPNA2 overexpression could partially rescue Wip1 silence-inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration. Finally, Wip1 interacts with KPNA2 to modulate the activation of AKT/GSK-3β signaling and metastasis-related factors. In summary, Wip1 could co-operate with KPNA2 to modulate CRC cell proliferation and migration, possibly via a p53-dependent manner, through downstream AKT/GSK-3β pathway. We provided a novel mechanism of Wip1 interacting with KPNA2, therefore modulating CRC cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Guo X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Xu Q, Hou G, Yang Y, Dong C, Liu G, Liang C, Liu L, Zhou W, Liu H. Upregulated KPNA2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and indicates prognostic significance across human cancer types. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:285-292. [PMID: 30883648 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HCC is particularly important. Here, we demonstrated the expression pattern, clinical significance, and function of Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in HCC. The expression of KPNA2 was upregulated in tumor tissue and negatively associated with the survival time, and a significant correlation between KPNA2 expression and aggressive clinical characteristics was established. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that knockdown of KPNA2 reduced migration and proliferation capacities of HCC cells, while over-expression of KPNA2 increased these malignant characteristics. The analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas cohorts also reveals that high-KPNA2 expression is associated with poor outcome in multiple cancer types. In addition, gene sets enrichment analysis exhibited cell cycle and DNA replication as the top altered pathways in the high-KPNA2 expression group in HCC and other two cancer types. Overall, this study identified KPNA2 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC and other neoplasms, probably by regulating cell cycle and DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Guo
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Hou
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanpeng Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhua Liang
- Division of Scientific Research, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Yang J, Guo Y, Lu C, Zhang R, Wang Y, Luo L, Zhang Y, Chu CH, Wang KJ, Obbad S, Yan W, Li X. Inhibition of Karyopherin beta 1 suppresses prostate cancer growth. Oncogene 2019; 38:4700-4714. [PMID: 30742095 PMCID: PMC6565446 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression requires activation of numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. Nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of oncogenic factors is mediated by Karyopherin proteins during cell transformation. However, the role of nuclear transporter proteins in PCa progression has not been well defined. Here, we report that the KPNB1, a key member of Karyopherin beta subunits, is highly expressed in advanced prostate cancers. Further study showed that targeting KPNB1 suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The knockdown of KPNB1 reduced nuclear translocation of c-Myc, the expression of downstream cell cycle modulators, and phosphorylation of regulator of chromatin condensation 1 (RCC1), a key protein for spindle assembly during mitosis. Meanwhile, CHIP assay demonstrated the binding of c-Myc to KPNB1 promoter region, which indicated a positive feedback regulation of KPNB1 expression mediated by the c-Myc. In addition, NF-κB subunit p50 translocation to nuclei was blocked by KPNB1 inhibition, which led to an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in tumor sphere formation of PCa cells. Furthermore, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models with a stable knockdown of KPNB1 in C42B PCa cells validated that the inhibition of KPNB1 could suppress the growth of prostate tumor in vivo. Moreover, the intravenously administration of importazole, a specific inhibitor for KPNB1, effectively reduced PCa tumor size and weight in mice inoculated with PC3 PCa cells. In summary, our data established the functional link between KPNB1 and PCa prone c-Myc, NF-kB, and cell cycle modulators. More importantly, inhibition of KPNB1 could be a new therapeutic target for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cuijie Lu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Catherine H Chu
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Katherine J Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Sabrine Obbad
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Wenbo Yan
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA. .,Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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20
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USP1 inhibition destabilizes KPNA2 and suppresses breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 38:2405-2419. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kosyna FK, Depping R. Controlling the Gatekeeper: Therapeutic Targeting of Nuclear Transport. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110221. [PMID: 30469340 PMCID: PMC6262578 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors of the karyopherin superfamily of proteins transport macromolecules from one compartment to the other and are critical for both cell physiology and pathophysiology. The nuclear transport machinery is tightly regulated and essential to a number of key cellular processes since the spatiotemporally expression of many proteins and the nuclear transporters themselves is crucial for cellular activities. Dysregulation of the nuclear transport machinery results in localization shifts of specific cargo proteins and associates with the pathogenesis of disease states such as cancer, inflammation, viral illness and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibition of the nuclear transport system has future potential for therapeutic intervention and could contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms. In this review, we recapitulate clue findings in the pathophysiological significance of nuclear transport processes and describe the development of nuclear transport inhibitors. Finally, clinical implications and results of the first clinical trials are discussed for the most promising nuclear transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Kosyna
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Martinez-Olivera R, Datsi A, Stallkamp M, Köller M, Kohtz I, Pintea B, Gousias K. Silencing of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein karyopherin a2 promotes cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33471-33481. [PMID: 30323892 PMCID: PMC6173355 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the nucleocytoplasmic carrier karyopherin a2 (KPNA2) is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) whereas its expression is inversely associated with patient prognosis. However, the promoting role of KPNA2 in gliomagenesis is still poorly understood. This study aims to further elucidate this role of KPNA2 in in vitro GBM models. From four different tested GBM cell lines, the U87MG showed the highest proliferation, low adherence and outgrowth in 3D clusters as well as the highest expression of KPNA2, all features conferring greater malignant behaviour. Silencing of KPNA2 via siRNA interference in those cells significantly decreased their proliferative capacity (p = 0.001). We further observed both a significant cell cycle phase arrest (p = 0.040) and the promoting of cellular apoptosis (p = 0.016) as well as a strong trend (p = 0.062) for an inhibition of nuclear import of c-Myc. This study confirms that a higher expression of KPNA2 in GBM is associated with a more malignant phenotype also in in vitro models. While increased expression of KPNA2 promotes proliferation and survival of GBM tumour cells, silencing of KPNA2 conferred a less malignant behaviour. Our results strongly suggest that silencing of KPNA2 may play an important role in modulation of malignant features of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Martinez-Olivera
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Department of Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany.,Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maren Stallkamp
- Department of Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany.,Medical School, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kohtz
- Department of Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bogdan Pintea
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Gousias
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany.,Medical School, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany
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Zhao J, Shi L, Zeng S, Ma C, Xu W, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Zhang P, Sun Y, Xu C. Importin-11 overexpression promotes the migration, invasion, and progression of bladder cancer associated with the deregulation of CDKN1A and THBS1. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:311.e1-311.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lin F, Gao L, Su Z, Cao X, Zhan Y, Li Y, Zhang B. Knockdown of KPNA2 inhibits autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines by blocking p53 nuclear translocation. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:179-194. [PMID: 29781035 PMCID: PMC6059741 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the 10 most common types of neoplasms in the US, constitutes ~90% of all cases of oral malignancies. Chemoresistance and metastasis are difficult to avoid during the course of treatment, leading to a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate for patients with OSCC. Autophagy, a critical conserved cellular process, has been reported to be highly associated with the regulation of chemoresistance and metastasis of cancer cells. The present study investigated the role of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), a member of the importin α family, which may serve an important role in p53 nucleocytoplasmic transport in the process of OSCC autophagy. In the CAL-27, SCC-15 and Tca8113 OSCC cell lines, we observed that the downregulation of KPNA2 suppressed cell migration and cisplatin resistance, using wound-healing, Transwell and CCK-8 assays. Additionally, the results of western blot analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated that the knockdown of KPNA2 inhibited autophagy. We confirmed that the inhibition of autophagy with anti-autophagy agents decreased the migration and cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells. We hypothesized that the suppression of cell migration and cisplatin resistance induced by KPNA2 knockdown may be associated with the inhibition of autophagy. To identify the underlying mechanism, further experiments determined that KPNA2 affects the level of autophagy via regulating the p53 nuclear import. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the function of KPNA2 in the process of autophagy may be p53-dependent, and by regulating the translocation of p53, KPNA2 can support autophagy to promote the chemoresistance and metastasis of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Su
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Dentistry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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25
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Wang CI, Yu CJ, Huang Y, Yi JS, Cheng HW, Kao HK, Lao WWK, Chang KP. Association of overexpressed karyopherin alpha 2 with poor survival and its contribution to interleukin-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression in oral cancer. Head Neck 2018. [PMID: 29542209 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological associations and molecular mechanisms of karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) progression. METHODS The KPNA2 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 209 tissues and 181 saliva samples, respectively. The functions of KPNA2 in migration and invasion were examined in KPNA2-knowdown cells. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The subcellular fraction was used to obtain the nuclear distribution of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). RESULTS The KPNA2 overexpression was associated with extranodal extension (P < .05) and poor disease-specific survival in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The salivary KPNA2 levels were elevated in patients with oral cavity SCC (P < .05). The KPNA2 knockdown reduced cell migration and invasion. This knockdown also suppressed the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced nuclear import of NF-κB and MMP (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) transcription. CONCLUSION The KPNA2 overexpression is an independent biomarker for poor prognosis of oral cavity SCC and is required for MMP-mediated metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Shan Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - William Wei-Kai Lao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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26
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Aberrant expression of KPNA2 is associated with a poor prognosis and contributes to OCT4 nuclear transportation in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72767-72776. [PMID: 27611951 PMCID: PMC5341943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is up-regulated in quite a number of cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Here, we found that expression levels of KPNA2 and OCT4 are up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues and significantly associated with primary tumor stage and bladder cancer patients' poorer prognosis. Our data also showed decreased cell proliferation and migration rates of bladder cancer cell lines when the expression of KPNA2 and OCT4 was silenced. Meanwhile, cell apoptosis rate was increased. Furthermore, Co-IP and immunofluorescence assay showed the KPNA2 interacts with OCT4 and inhibits OCT4 nuclear transportation when KPNA2 was silenced. Thus, we confirmed that up-regulated KPNA2 and OCT4 expression is a common feature of bladder cancer that is correlated with increased aggressive tumor behavior. Also, we propose that KPNA2 regulates the process of OCT4 nuclear transportation in bladder cancer.
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27
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Zhou LN, Tan Y, Li P, Zeng P, Chen MB, Tian Y, Zhu YQ. Prognostic value of increased KPNA2 expression in some solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:303-314. [PMID: 27974678 PMCID: PMC5352121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2), a member of the Karyopherin α family, has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor progression. However, the association between KPNA2 expression and prognosis in cancer remains controversial. So we performed this meta-analysis to evaluate whether expression of KPNA2 was associated with prognosis in patients with solid tumor. Methods/Findings 24 published eligible studies, including 6164 cases, were identified and included in this meta-analysis through searching of PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. We found that KPNA2 expression was an independent predictor for the prognosis of solid tumor with primary outcome (overall survival [OS]: pooled HR=1.767, 95% CI=1.503-2.077, P<0.001) and secondary outcomes (time to recurrence [TTR], recurrence free survival [RFS] and progression free survival [PFS]). However, the association between KPNA2 overexpression and disease free survival [DFS] in solid tumors was not significant (pooled HR=1.653, 95% CI=0.903-3.029, P=0.104). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis revealed that KPNA2 overexpression was associated with poor OS in East-Asian patients and European patients, as well as patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Conclusion KPNA2 expression may be a useful prognostic biomarker to monitor cancer prognosis. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China.,Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
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28
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Wang CI, Chen YY, Wang CL, Yu JS, Chang YS, Yu CJ. mTOR regulates proteasomal degradation and Dp1/E2F1- mediated transcription of KPNA2 in lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25432-42. [PMID: 27009856 PMCID: PMC5041915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin subunit alpha-2 (KPNA2) is overexpressed in various human cancers and is associated with cancer invasiveness and poor prognosis in patient. Nevertheless, the regulation of KPNA2 expression in cancers remains unclear. We herein applied epidermal growth factor (EGF) and five EGF receptor (EGFR)-related kinase inhibitors to investigate the role of EGFR signaling in KPNA2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that EGFR signaling, particularly the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity was positively correlated with KPNA2 protein levels in NSCLC cells. The mTOR inhibitors and mTOR knockdown reduced the protein and mRNA levels of KPNA2 in NSCLC and breast cancer cells. Specifically, rapamycin treatment induced proteasome-mediated KPNA2 protein decay and attenuated the transcriptional activation of KPNA2 by decreasing Dp1/E2F1 level in vivo. Immunoprecipitation assay further revealed that KPNA2 physically associated with the phospho-mTOR/mTOR and this association was abolished by rapamycin treatment. Collectively, our results show for the first time that KPNA2 is transcriptionally and post-translationally regulated by the mTOR pathway and provide new insights into targeted therapy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-I Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Yu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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29
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Sheng C, Qiu J, He Z, Wang H, Wang Q, Guo Z, Zhu L, Ni Q. Suppression of Kpnβ1 expression inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation by abrogating nuclear transport of Her2. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:554-564. [PMID: 29251332 PMCID: PMC5783623 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most fatal diseases and poses critical health problems worldwide. However, its mechanisms remain unclear. Consequently, there is an urgency to investigate the mechanisms involved in BC initiation and progression and identify novel therapeutics for its prevention and treatment. In this study, we identified karyopherin β-1 (Kpnβ1) as a possible novel therapeutic target for BC. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of Kpnβ1 in four pairs of tumorous and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. The results revealed that the protein level of Kpnβ1 was higher in the cancer samples compared with those in the corresponding normal samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 140 BC cases and indicated that Kpnβ1 was significantly associated with clinical pathological variables. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that high expression of Kpnβ1 was related to poor BC patient prognosis. A starvation and re-feeding assay was used to imitate the cell cycle using the SKBR-3 cell line, indicating that Kpnβ1 plays a critical role in cell proliferation. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay revealed that SKBR-3 cells treated with Kpnβ1-siRNA (siKpnβ1) grew more slowly than the control cells, while flow cytometry revealed that low-Kpnβ1 expressing SKBR-3 cells exhibited increased BC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the interaction between Kpnβ1 and Her2 was clearly observed by immunoprecipitation, indicating that Kpnβ1-knockdown abrogated nuclear transport of Her2. In summary, our findings revealed that Kpnβ1 is involved in the progression of BC and may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zengya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226300, P.R. China
| | - Lianxin Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lu'an People's Hospital Tumor Center, The Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, Anhui 237000, P.R. China
| | - Qichao Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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30
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Altan B, Kaira K, Watanabe A, Kubo N, Bao P, Dolgormaa G, Bilguun EO, Araki K, Kanai Y, Yokobori T, Oyama T, Nishiyama M, Kuwano H, Shirabe K. Relationship between LAT1 expression and resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 81:141-153. [PMID: 29149426 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is linked to tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and survival in various human cancers. Although the expression of LAT1 was identified as a significant prognostic predictor after surgery in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), little is known about the clinical significance of LAT1 as a chemotherapeutic resistance factor in PDAC. METHODS A total of 110 patients with surgically resected PDAC were retrospectively reviewed as the training set. Immunohistochemical staining of resected tumor specimens was assessed using anti-LAT1 antibodies. In vitro analysis of chemotherapy resistance and LAT1 function using PDAC cell lines was also performed. RESULTS The rate of high expression of LAT1 was 64.1% (71/110). The high expression of LAT1 protein was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, tumor depth (T factor), lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, recurrence, and clinical response. By multivariate analysis, LAT1 was validated as an independent prognostic factor for predicting worse survival after surgery. We analyzed the TCGA data set and obtained similar results that the survival rates of SLC7A5 high expression group were poorer than that of low expression group. LAT1 could successfully predict the outcome of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery (n = 88) and systemic chemotherapy after recurrence (n = 56). All patients with high LAT1 expression were non-responders, whereas approximately 30% of the patients with low LAT1 expression responders (p = 0.0002). By analyzing the TCGA online database, it was found that LAT1 closely correlated with hypoxia-induced genes, such as PTGES, PYGL, and KPNA2. CONCLUSION LAT1 as an independent prognostic marker is a potential molecular targeting gene to reduce chemoresistance and tumor growth in patients with PDAC, supported by our in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Pinjie Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Gantumur Dolgormaa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Erkhem-Ochir Bilguun
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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31
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Kimura A, Ogata K, Altan B, Yokobori T, Mochiki E, Yanai M, Kogure N, Yanoma T, Suzuki M, Bai T, Kuwano H. Nuclear heat shock protein 110 expression is associated with poor prognosis and hyperthermo-chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7541-7550. [PMID: 29204054 PMCID: PMC5698247 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the significance of heat shock protein 110 (HSP110) in gastric cancer (GC) patients with peritoneal metastasis undergoing hyperthermo-chemotherapy.
METHODS Primary GC patients (n = 14) with peritoneal metastasis or positive peritoneal lavage cytology who underwent distal or total gastrectomy between April 2000 and December 2011 were enrolled in this study. The patients underwent postoperative intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy using a Thermotron RF-8 heating device two weeks after surgery. We analyzed nuclear HSP110 expression in surgically resected tumors using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the effect of HSP110 suppression on hyptherthermo-chemosensitivity was assessed in vitro in the MKN45 GC cell line using the HSP inhibitor KNK437.
RESULTS HSP110 immnohistochemical staining in 14 GC patients showed that five (35.7%) samples belonged to the low expression group, and nine (64.3%) samples belonged to the high expression group. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in the HSP110 high-expression group than in the low-expression group (P = 0.0313). However, no significant relationships were identified between HSP110 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. Furthermore, high HSP110 expression was not an independent prognostic factor in GC patients with peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.0625). HSP110 expression in MKN45 cells was suppressed by KNK437 at the hyperthermic temperature of 43 °C in vitro. Comparison of MKN45 cell proliferation in the presence and absence of KNK437 at 43 °C, revealed that proliferation was significantly decreased when HSP110 was inhibited by KNK437. Additionally, HSP110 suppression via HSP inhibitor treatment increased cellular sensitivity to hyperthermo-chemotherapy in vitro.
CONCLUSION The expression of nuclear HSP110 in GC patients might be a new marker of chemosensitivity and a therapeutic target for patients who are tolerant to existing hyperthermo-chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Kimura
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Ogata
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Erito Mochiki
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-0844, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanai
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norimichi Kogure
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Toru Yanoma
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masaki Suzuki
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tuya Bai
- and Hiroyuki Kuwano, Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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32
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Bao P, Yokobori T, Altan B, Iijima M, Azuma Y, Onozato R, Yajima T, Watanabe A, Mogi A, Shimizu K, Nagashima T, Ohtaki Y, Obayashi K, Nakazawa S, Bai T, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Asao T, Kaira K, Nishiyama M, Kuwano H. High STMN1 Expression is Associated with Cancer Progression and Chemo-Resistance in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:4017-4024. [PMID: 28933054 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Known as a microtubule-destabilizing protein, STMN1 (gene symbol: STMN1) regulates the dynamics of microtubules, cell cycle progress, and chemo-resistance against taxane agents. It is highly expressed in various human cancers and involved in cancer progression as well as poor prognosis. METHODS Expression of STMN1 was examined by immunohistochemistry using FFPE tissue sections from 186 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Analysis of STMN1 suppression was performed for STMN1 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected LSCC cell lines to determine the change in proliferation, invasive and apoptosis abilities, and paclitaxel sensitivity. RESULTS The cytoplasmic STMN1 expression in LSCC was higher than in normal tissues. The high expression was significantly associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.0477) and poor prognosis. In addition, the proliferating and invasive abilities were decreased, and the apoptosis ability and paclitaxel sensitivity were increased in STMN1-suppressed LSCC cells compared with control cells. CONCLUSION The results suggest that STMN1 is a prognostic factor that also is associated with caner progression and chemo-resistance. Therefore, STMN1 could be a predictor for poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjie Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan. .,Research Program for Omics-Based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Misaki Iijima
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Youko Azuma
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Onozato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yajima
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiteru Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtaki
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kai Obayashi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Seshiru Nakazawa
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tuya Bai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Altan B, Kaira K, Okada S, Saito T, Yamada E, Bao H, Bao P, Takahashi K, Yokobori T, Tetsunari O, Nishiyama M, Yamada M. High expression of nucleobindin 2 is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317703817. [PMID: 28714371 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317703817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleobindin 2 has been reported that its high expression is associated with poor outcome and promotes cell migration and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer. However, we aimed to investigate the nucleobindin 2 expression in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues and its potential relevance to clinicopathological factors and prognosis using immunohistochemical analysis. In our study, nucleobindin 2 level in gastric cancer tissues was higher than in non-tumor tissues. A high expression of nucleobindin 2 is significantly associated with tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and clinical stage. Furthermore, the expression level of nucleobindin 2 protein was independent predictor of progression-free survival. In summary, nucleobindin 2 might play a crucial role in gastric cancer development and could serve as an independent predictor of prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolag Altan
- 1 Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- 1 Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Okada
- 2 Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsugumichi Saito
- 2 Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Eijiro Yamada
- 2 Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Halin Bao
- 3 Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Pinjie Bao
- 3 Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- 4 Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- 5 Research Program for Omics-based Medical Science, Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Oyama Tetsunari
- 6 Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- 7 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- 2 Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Tsukagoshi M, Araki K, Yokobori T, Altan B, Suzuki H, Kubo N, Watanabe A, Ishii N, Hosouchi Y, Nishiyama M, Shirabe K, Kuwano H. Overexpression of karyopherin-α2 in cholangiocarcinoma correlates with poor prognosis and gemcitabine sensitivity via nuclear translocation of DNA repair proteins. Oncotarget 2017; 8:42159-42172. [PMID: 28178675 PMCID: PMC5522057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumor, and the development of new therapeutic strategies is critical. Karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) functions as an adaptor that mediates nucleocytoplasmic transport. Specifically, KPNA2 transports one of the important DNA repair machineries, the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, to the nucleus. In this study, we clarified the significance of KPNA2 in cholangiocarcinoma. KPNA2 expression evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis was common in malignant tissue but rare in adjacent noncancerous tissues. KPNA2 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor after surgery. In patients with cholangiocarcinoma who received gemcitabine after surgery, KPNA2 overexpression tended to be a prognostic indicator of poor overall survival. In KPNA2-depleted cholangiocarcinoma cells, proliferation was significantly decreased and gemcitabine sensitivity was enhanced in vitro and in vivo. Expression of KPNA2 and the MRN complex displayed colocalization in the nucleus. In addition, nuclear localization of the MRN complex was regulated by KPNA2 in vitro. These results suggest that KPNA2 expression may be a useful prognostic and predictive marker of gemcitabine sensitivity and survival. The regulation of KPNA2 expression may be a new therapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tsukagoshi
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hosouchi
- 5 Department of Surgery and Laparoscopic Surgery, Gunma Prefecture Saiseikai-Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0821, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- 4 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- 2 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- 1 Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- 3 Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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35
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Kubo N, Araki K, Altan B, Hoshino K, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Igarashi T, Watanabe A, Kato T, Hirai K, Yokobori T, Saito F, Suzuki H, Kuwano H, Shirabe K. Enhanced karyopherin-α2 expression is associated with carcinogenesis in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Pancreatology 2017; 17:611-616. [PMID: 28476582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) can become malignant. Karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) plays a central role in nucleocytoplasmic transport and is associated with various types of cancer. The current study examined pancreatic KPNA2 expression in cancer patients and evaluated its association with clinicopathological factors, cancer cell proliferation. METHODS KPNA2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 40 surgically resected IPMN samples and its association with clinicopathological factors and Ki-67 expression were examined. RESULTS Eighteen IPMN samples (45% of patients) showed positive KPNA2 expression. KPNA2 expression levels in IPMN tissue with invasive carcinoma were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues and in IPMN tissue with low-to high-grade dysplasia. KPNA2 expression correlated with pathological malignancy and Ki-67 labeling index and KPNA2 and Ki-67 expression was co-localized in nuclei. E2F were co-localized with KPNA2 in the IPMN tissues with high expression of KPNA2. KPNA2 expression was enhanced in the invasion front and in proliferating Ki-67-positive cells. In addition, KPNA2 expression in IPMN tissues was associated with older age, dilation of main pancreatic duct diameter, the presence of nodules, and histological type. CONCLUSION KPNA2 expression is associated with carcinogenesis of IPMN through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kubo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hirai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Saito
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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36
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High STMN1 level is associated with chemo-resistance and poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1177-1185. [PMID: 28334732 PMCID: PMC5418450 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stathmin1 (STMN1) is a cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates cellular microtubule dynamics and is known to have oncogenic activity. Despite several reports, its roles in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear owing to a lack of analyses of highly metastatic cases. This study aimed to investigate STMN1 as a prognostic and predictive indicator of response to paclitaxel therapy in patients with GC, including inoperable cases. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of STMN1 was performed on both operable (n=95) and inoperable GC (n=61) samples. The roles of STMN1 in cancer cell proliferation and sensitivity to a microtubule-targeting drug, paclitaxel, were confirmed by knockdown experiments using GC cell lines. Results: Multivariate and Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated that high STMN1 was predictive of poor prognosis in both the groups. In the operable cohort, STMN1 expression correlated with cancer curability, recurrence, and resistance to adjuvant therapy. A correlation with paclitaxel resistance was observed in inoperable cases. Knockdown of STMN1 in GC cell lines inhibited proliferation and sensitised the cells to paclitaxel by enhancing apoptosis. Conclusions: STMN1 is a possible biomarker for paclitaxel sensitivity and poor prognosis in GC and could be a novel therapeutic target in metastatic GC.
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Watanabe A, Araki K, Yokobori T, Altan B, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Kubo N, Saito F, Suzuki H, Kuwano H. Stathmin 1 promotes the proliferation and malignant transformation of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1783-1788. [PMID: 28454324 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a type of pancreatic tumor, which have been identified following improvements in diagnostic imaging. However, the malignant transformation of IPMN has been difficult to diagnose clinically. To date, the mechanisms driving the progression of IPMN to cancer remain to be fully elucidated. The present study focused on Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a protein that is associated with the development of various types of cancer. The expression of STMN1 was examined immunohistochemically in tissues from cases of IPMN. The correlation between the STMN1 staining and clinical pathological factors was evaluated, and the expression of STMN1, p27 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) were compared. High expression levels of STMN1 were significantly correlated with regions of malignancy, and was associated with high expression of SKP2, low expression of nuclear p27 and a high Ki-67 index. High expression levels of STMN1 and SKP2 were significantly correlated with the transformation of IPMN to carcinoma. In addition, within the regions of carcinoma, the expression of STMN1 was weak in regions of adenoma and high in the cancerous regions. It was concluded that the high expression of STMN1 contributed to tumor proliferation and malignant transformation in the patients with IPMN. These results suggested that characterization of the expression of STMN1 may be a promising approach for predicting malignant transformation of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Saito
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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38
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Yu L, Wang G, Zhang Q, Gao L, Huang R, Chen Y, Tang Q, Liu J, Liu C, Wang H, Wang X. Karyopherin alpha 2 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic factor for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1194-1200. [PMID: 28454233 PMCID: PMC5403343 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in Western countries. CRC treatment is dependent on the preoperative and postoperative condition of patients. At present, the prognostic value of conventional parameters for the estimation of patient prognosis is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) in cancerous and healthy colon tissues and to evaluate the prognostic factors for patients with primary CRC. KPNA2 expression in CRC and paired normal tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, serum KPNA2 expression was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, the association between KPNA2 expression in CRC tissues and patient clinicopathological features was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was utilized to investigate the prognostic value of KPNA2 expression on overall survival rates following radical surgery for the treatment of CRC. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR revealed that KPNA2 expression was significantly increased in CRC tissues compared with paired normal tissues. Serum KPNA2 expression was significantly increased in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals. Furthermore, KPNA2 expression was observed to positively correlate with Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, lymph node involvement, tumor differentiation, infiltration depth, lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion, which are factors known to affect the prognosis of CRC patients following surgery. In addition, increased KPNA2 expression was associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival rates. Patients not suited for surveillance regimens may be identified at initial biopsy test with a positive KPNA2 immunohistochemistry. Increased serum expression of KPNA2 may be utilized as a diagnostic factor for patients with CRC. High nuclear KPNA2 expression may serve as a novel predictor of survival following radical colorectal surgery in CRC patients. The results of the present study may improve individualized risk stratification, leading to the optimization of therapies for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Oral Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chunjia Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Analysis of Microarray Data on Gene Expression and Methylation to Identify Long Non-coding RNAs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37233. [PMID: 27849024 PMCID: PMC5110979 DOI: 10.1038/srep37233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify what long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed microarray data on gene expression and methylation. Gene expression chip and HumanMethylation450BeadChip were used to interrogate genome-wide expression and methylation in tumor samples. Differential expression and methylation were analyzed through comparing tumors with adjacent non-tumor tissues. LncRNAs expressed differentially and correlated with coding genes and DNA methylation were validated in additional tumor samples using RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing. In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate lncRNA’s effects on tumor cells. We identified 8,500 lncRNAs expressed differentially between tumor and non-tumor tissues, of which 1,504 were correlated with mRNA expression. Two of the lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, were positively correlated with expression of two cancer-related genes, KPNA2 and RCC2, respectively. High expression of LOC146880 and ENST00000439577 were also associated with poor survival. Analysis of lncRNA expression in relation to DNA methylation showed that LOC146880 expression was down-regulated by DNA methylation in its promoter. Lowering the expression of LOC146880 or ENST00000439577 in tumor cells could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Analysis of microarray data on gene expression and methylation allows us to identify two lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, which may promote the progression of NSCLC.
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Liu Z, Zhang D, Sun C, Tao R, Xu X, Xu L, Cheng H, Xiao M, Wang Y. KPNA2 Contributes to the Inflammatory Processes in Synovial Tissue of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and SW982 Cells. Inflammation 2016; 38:2224-34. [PMID: 26135850 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Karyopherin-α2 (KPNA2) functions as an adaptor that transports several proteins to the nucleus. We investigated the function and possible mechanisms of KPNA2 involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed the protein expression of KPNA2 increased in synovial tissue of RA patients compared with the healthy controls. Double immunofluorescent staining indicated that KPNA2 co-localized with T cells, macrophage-like synoviocytes, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, and neutrophils in synovial tissue of RA patients. Moreover, the expression of KPNA2 in SW982 cells was increased in a time-dependent manner in response to TNFα stimulation. Both Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assay revealed the co-localization of KPNA2 and P65 and their translocation from cytoplasma in TNFα-treated SW982 cells. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of KPNA2 by siRNA inhibited TNFα-induced expression of IL-6, MMP-1, and MMP-13 and, more importantly, decreased the P65 phosphorylation in SW982 cells. We therefore suggested that KPNA2 may play a key role in the inflammation process of RA via NF-κB P65 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinbao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongbing Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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41
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Stelma T, Chi A, van der Watt PJ, Verrico A, Lavia P, Leaner VD. Targeting nuclear transporters in cancer: Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. IUBMB Life 2016; 68:268-80. [PMID: 26970212 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Karyopherin superfamily is a major class of soluble transport receptors consisting of both import and export proteins. The trafficking of proteins involved in transcription, cell signalling and cell cycle regulation among other functions across the nuclear membrane is essential for normal cellular functioning. However, in cancer cells, the altered expression or localization of nuclear transporters as well as the disruption of endogenous nuclear transport inhibitors are some ways in which the Karyopherin proteins are dysregulated. The value of nuclear transporters in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is currently being elucidated with recent studies highlighting their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stelma
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alicia Chi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pauline J van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, C/O University of Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Virna D Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Takada T, Tsutsumi S, Takahashi R, Ohsone K, Tatsuki H, Suto T, Kato T, Fujii T, Yokobori T, Kuwano H. KPNA2 over-expression is a potential marker of prognosis and therapeutic sensitivity in colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Oncol 2015; 113:213-7. [PMID: 26663089 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2) is a member of the Karyopherin α family and has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the clinicopathological significance of KPNA2 over-expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS KPNA2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 122 surgically resected CRC and 13 biopsy specimens obtained at colonoscopy during screening for preoperative hyperthermochemoradiation therapy (HCRT). The association between KPNA2 expression and clinicopathological features and preoperative HCRT efficacy were examined. RESULTS The high and low KNPA2 expression groups were comprised of 91 (74.6%) and 31 CRC patients, respectively. A significant association was observed between high expression and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.0245). KPNA2 high expression group had decreased overall survival (P = 0.00374). Multivariate analysis demonstrated high KPNA2 expression was independently associated with poor prognosis. Histological examinations revealed 11 (84.6%) and 2 (15.4%) of cases were KPNA2 positive and negative, respectively. Pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 9.1% of KPNA2-positive cases and 100% of KPNA2-negative cases. CONCLUSION High KPNA2 expression was found to be associated with poor prognosis and resistance to HCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Soichi Tsutsumi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohsone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hironori Tatsuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshinaga Suto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Showamachi, Maebashi, Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu F, Lu S, Sun H, Tang H, Peng Z. Karyopherin alpha 2 is a novel prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:145. [PMID: 26626145 PMCID: PMC4665890 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the karyopherin family, plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. Yet its role in colon cancer is poorly characterized. We sought to clarify the clinical significance of its dysregulated expression in human colon tumor specimens. Methods We evaluated KPNA2 mRNA and protein expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in 40 primary colon cancer tissues and paired adjacent normal colon mucosa specimens. KPNA2 protein expression in colon tissue microarray of tumor and normal tissue specimens and lymph node metastasis specimens obtained from 195 colon cancer patients were analyzed immunohistochemically. The effect of KPNA2 knockdown on carcinogenesis potential of human colon cancer cells was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation, cell migration, and tumorigenesis in nude mice. Results KPNA2 was expressed at higher levels in colon tumors and lymph node metastasis specimens than in normal tissues. Patients with KPNA2-positive tumors were significantly correlated with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.01), T-classification (p = 0.018), regional lymph node metastasis (p = 0.025), distant metastasis (p = 0.014), and differentiated degree (p = 0.001). KPNA2 was shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (HR 1.681; 95 % CI: 1.170–2.416; p = 0.005) and overall survival (HR 2.770; 95 % CI: 1.314–5.837; p = 0.007) for patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of KPNA2 expression inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Conclusion KPNA2 might play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and functions as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fudong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. .,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. .,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Upregulated Expression of Karyopherin α2 is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:755-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhou J, Liu ZY, Li CB, Gao S, Ding LH, Wu XL, Wang ZY. Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair pathways influence the response to chemotherapy and overall survival of gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3017-23. [PMID: 25542228 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the clinical response to platinum-based chemotherapy and treatment outcome of gastric cancer patients in the present of ERCC1, ERCC2, NBN, RAD51, and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms. A number of 415 patients of gastric cancer that received platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled in the present study. The presence of ERCC1 rs11615 and rs2298881, ERCC2 rs1799793 and rs13181, NBN rs1805794, rs709816, and RAD51 rs1801321 and XRCC3 rs1799794 were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Conditional regression analysis identified that CC genotype of ERCC1 rs11615 and AA genotype of ERCC2 rs1799793 was associated with a better response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients, and the odds ratio (ORs)(95% confidence interval (CI)) were 2.70(1.33-5.70) and 3.12(1.52-6.84), respectively. By the Cox analysis, the CC genotype of ERCC1 rs11615, AA genotype of ERCC2 rs1799793, and CC genotype of NBN rs1805794 were significantly associated with a longer overall survival (OS) of gastric cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that ERCC1 rs11615, ERCC2 rs1799793, and NBN rs1805794 polymorphisms in the DNA repair pathways may influence the response to chemotherapy and OS of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,
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Ikenberg K, Valtcheva N, Brandt S, Zhong Q, Wong CE, Noske A, Rechsteiner M, Rueschoff JH, Caduff R, Dellas A, Obermann E, Fink D, Fuchs T, Krek W, Moch H, Frew IJ, Wild PJ. KPNA2 is overexpressed in human and mouse endometrial cancers and promotes cellular proliferation. J Pathol 2014; 234:239-52. [PMID: 24930886 DOI: 10.1002/path.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy of the female genital tract in Western countries. Although in many cases surgically curable, about 30% of the tumours represent an aggressive and untreatable disease. In an attempt to establish a reliable prognostic marker for endometrial carcinomas disregarding their histological diversity, we investigated the expression of KPNA2, a mediator of nucleocytoplasmic transport, and other cell proliferation-associated proteins and their correlation with cancer progression. We analysed patient tissue microarrays (TMAs) assembled from 527 endometrial cancer tissue specimens and uterus samples from a Trp53 knockout mouse model of endometrial cancer. Our data show that KPNA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in human endometrial carcinomas and associated with higher tumour grade (p = 0.026), higher FIGO stage (p = 0.027), p53 overexpression (p < 0.001), activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Increased nuclear KPNA2 immunoreactivity was identified as a novel predictor of overall survival, independent of well-established prognostic factors in Cox regression analyses (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.13-2.56, p = 0.01). No significant association between KPNA2 expression and endometrial cancer subtype was detected. In the mouse model, KPNA2 showed increased expression levels from precancerous (EmgD, EIC) to far-advanced invasive lesions. We further investigated the cell proliferation capacity after siRNA-mediated KPNA2 knockdown in the human endometrial cancer cell line MFE-296. KPNA2 silencing led to decreased proliferation of the cancer cells, suggesting interplay of the protein with the cell cycle. Taken together, increased expression of KPNA2 is an independent prognostic marker for poor survival. The mechanism of enhanced nucleocytoplasmic transport by KPNA2 overexpression seems a common event in aggressive cancers since we have shown a significant correlation of KPNA2 expression and tumour aggressiveness in a large variety of other solid tumour entities. Introducing KPNA2 immunohistochemistry in routine diagnostics may allow for the identification of patients who need more aggressive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Ikenberg
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hu ZY, Yuan SX, Yang Y, Zhou WP, Jiang H. Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 mediates the role of karyopherin alpha 2 and has prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:61. [PMID: 25060425 PMCID: PMC4122822 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) promotes tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine the content and clinical significance of mechanism underlying. Methods The association of transcriptional factor pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) with KPNA2 was explored by co-immunoprecipitation. In vitro gain- and loss-of-function models were established to explore the functional interaction. Clinical samples from 314 HCC patients were applied to explore the clinical significance. Results We found that PLAG1 could associate with KPNA2 and be promoted into nucleus by KPNA2. The increment of proliferative and metastatic abilities by KPNA2 over-expression can be significantly retarded by PLAG1 inhibition. The co-enrichment of KPNA2 and PLAG1 in nucleus is observed in clinical samples and can distinguish patients with the worst prognosis. The positive PLAG1 expression is an independent risk factor of recurrence free survival (HR: 1.766, 1.315-2.371; P = 0.000) and overall survival (HR: 1.589, 1.138-2.220; P = 0.007). Especially for patients with positive KPNA2 staining (N = 152), the positive PLAG1 expression is the sole risk factor for both recurrence free survival (HR: 1.749, 1.146-2.670; P = 0.010) and overall survival (HR: 1.662, 1.007-2.744; P = 0.047). Conclusions The nuclear import of PLAG1 by KPNA2 is essential for the role of KPNA2 in HCC cells and is significant to predict poor survival of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Aberrant expression of nuclear KPNA2 is correlated with early recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Med Oncol 2014; 31:131. [PMID: 25031071 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Karyopherin α2 (KPNA2) functions as an adaptor that transports several proteins to the nucleus. Emerging evidence suggests that KPNA2 plays a crucial role in oncogenesis and early recurrence. In the present study, we evaluated the expression pattern of KPNA2 in 221 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and matching adjacent, non-tumorous tissues (NT) by immunohistochemical assays. We found that nuclear KPNA2 expression was significantly upregulated (30.3 %, 67/221) in HCC tissues; however, no nuclear expression of KPNA2 in NT tissues was observed. A correlation analysis demonstrated that nuclear KPNA2 expression was positively associated with serum AFP level, tumor differentiation, vascular invasion, BCLC stage and early recurrence (all p < 0.05). Nuclear KPNA2 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that KPNA2 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (p < 0.001) and time to recurrence (p < 0.001) in HCC patients. Furthermore, in a validation cohort, nuclear expression of KPNA2 was observed in 16 of 47 (34.0 %) small hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Importantly, the risk of recurrence associated with nuclear KPNA2 expression (9/16, 56.2 %) was significantly higher than the risk associated with an absence of nuclear KPNA2 expression (6/31, 19.3 %; p = 0.01). Our results demonstrate that nuclear KPNA2 expression is a poor prognostic biomarker for HCC, especially for early-stage HCC.
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Watanabe A, Suzuki H, Yokobori T, Tsukagoshi M, Altan B, Kubo N, Suzuki S, Araki K, Wada S, Kashiwabara K, Hosouchi Y, Kuwano H. Stathmin1 regulates p27 expression, proliferation and drug resistance, resulting in poor clinical prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:690-6. [PMID: 24708177 PMCID: PMC4317896 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) have a poor prognosis; postoperative survival depends on cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The mechanism of EHCC progression needs to be clarified to identify ways to improve disease prognosis. Stathmin1 (STMN1) is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics and is associated with malignant phenotypes and chemoresistance in various cancers. Recently, STMN1 was reported to interact with p27, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. Eighty EHCC cases were studied using immunohistochemistry and clinical pathology to determine the correlation between STMN1 and p27 expression; RNA interference to analyze the function of STMN1 in an EHCC cell line was also used. Cytoplasmic STMN1 expression correlated with venous invasion (P = 0.0021) and nuclear p27 underexpression (P = 0.0011). Patients in the high-STMN1-expression group were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival than those in the low-expression group. An in vitro protein-binding assay revealed that cytoplasmic STMN1 bound to p27 in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus of EHCC cells. Moreover, p27 accumulated in EHCC cells after STMN1 suppression. STMN1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and increased the sensitivity of EHCC cells to paclitaxel. STMN1 contributes to a poor prognosis and cancer progression in EHCC patients. Understanding the regulation of p27 by STMN1 could provide new insights for overcoming therapeutic resistance in EHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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KPNA7, a nuclear transport receptor, promotes malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2014; 322:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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