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Yu Q, Zhang Y, Ni J, Shen Y, Hu W. Identification and analysis of significant genes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma transformation: Bioinformatics analysis and machine learning approach. Mol Immunol 2024; 174:18-31. [PMID: 39142007 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been an increasingly significant contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the progression from NASH to HCC is critical to early diagnosis and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS 5 significant prognostic genes related to NASH-HCC transformation were identified through algorithm selection, which were ME1, TP53I3, SOCS2, GADD45G and CYP7A1. A diagnostic model for NASH prediction was established (AUC=0.988). TP53I3 and SOCS2 were selected as potential critical genes in the progression of NASH-HCC by external dataset validation and in vitro experiments on NASH and HCC cell lines. Immune infiltration analysis illustrated the correlation between 5 significant prognostic genes and immune cells. Single-cell analysis identified hepatocytes related to NASH-HCC transformation markers, revealing their promoting role in the transformation from NASH to HCC. CONCLUSION With bulk-seq analysis and single-cell analysis, 5 significant prognostic genes related to NASH-HCC transformation were identified and validated at both dataset and in vitro experiment level. Among them, TP53I3 and SOCS2 might be potential critical genes in NASH-HCC progression. Single-cell analysis identified and revealed the critical role that NASH-HCC related hepatocytes play in NASH-HCC tansformation. Our research may introduce a new perspective to the diagnosis, treatment of NASH-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Yu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yidong Zhang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaping Ni
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China.
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2
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Lv Y, Xie X, Zou G, Kong M, Yang J, Chen J, Xiang B. SOCS2 inhibits hepatoblastoma metastasis via downregulation of the JAK2/STAT5 signal pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21814. [PMID: 38071211 PMCID: PMC10710468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of hepatoblastoma (HB) is a key factor that impairs the prognosis and treatment of children. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a classical negative feedback protein that regulates cytokine signal transduction and has been known to be downregulated in several tumor, but the molecular mechanisms of its involvement in HB metastasis are unknown. We found that SOCS2 was a gene down-regulated in hepatoblastoma and associated with HB metastasis through bioinformatics. The qRT-PCR, Western blot and IHC showed that SOCS2 was significantly lower in HB tissues. Clinicopathological correlation analysis revealed that low expression of SOCS2 was significantly correlated with tumor metastasis (P = 0.046) and vascular invasion (P = 0.028), associated with poor prognosis. Overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited the migration and invasion of hepatoblastoma cells, while knockdown of SOCS2 expression promoted these malignant phenotypes. In vivo studies revealed overexpression of SOCS2 inhibited the formation of lung metastasis. Up-regulation of SOCS2 in HB cell inhibited EMT and JAK2/STAT5. Conversely, down-regulation of SOCS2 promoted EMT and JAK2/STAT5. The addition of the JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib partially reversed the effects of si-SOCS2 on HB cells. SOCS2 may inhibit the migration and invasion of HB cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway. These results may provide guiding significance for the clinical treatment of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guoyou Zou
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Ma G, Zeng Y, Zhong W, Zhao X, Wang G, Bie F, Du J. Comprehensive analysis of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 protein in the malignant transformation of NSCLC. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:370. [PMID: 37415839 PMCID: PMC10320659 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) plays an essential role in a number of physiological phenomena and functions as a tumor suppressor. Understanding the predictive effects of SOCS2 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to assess SOCS2 gene expression levels in NSCLC. The clinical significance of SOCS2 was evaluated through Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and the analysis of related clinical factors. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the biological functions of SOCS2. Subsequently proliferation, wound-healing, colony formation and Transwell assays, and carboplatin drug experiments were used for verification. The results revealed that SOCS2 expression was low in the NSCLC tissues of patients in TCGA and GEO database analyses. Downregulated SOCS2 was associated with poor prognosis, as determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.52-0.73; P<0.001). GSEA showed that SOCS2 was involved in intracellular reactions, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cell experiments indicated that knockdown of SOCS2 caused the malignant progression of NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, the drug experiment showed that silencing of SOCS2 promoted the resistance of NSCLC cells to carboplatin. In conclusion, low expression of SOCS2 was associated with poor clinical prognosis by effecting EMT and causing drug resistance in NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, SOCS2 could act as a predictive indicator for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Ma
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Zeng
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Zhong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan), Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fenglong Bie
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang Z, Wang S, Zhu Z, Nie B. Identification of potential feature genes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning strategies. Comput Biol Med 2023; 157:106724. [PMID: 36898287 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has continuously increased in recent years. Machine learning is an effective method for screening the feature genes of a disease for prediction, prevention and personalized treatment. Here, we used the "limma" package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to screen 219 NAFLD-related genes and found that they were mainly enriched in inflammation-related pathways. Four feature genes (AXUD1, FOSB, GADD45B, and SOCS2) were screened by LASSO regression and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) machine learning algorithms. Therefore, a clinical diagnostic model with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.994 was constructed, which was superior to other indicators of NAFLD. Significant correlations existed between feature genes expression and steatohepatitis histology or clinical variables. These findings were also validated in external datasets and a mouse model. Finally, we found that feature genes expression was significantly decreased in NAFLD-associated HCC and that SOCS2 may be a prognostic biomarker. Our findings may provide new insights into the diagnosis, prevention and treatment targets of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China
| | - Biao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, China.
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Cabrera-Galván JJ, Araujo E, de Mirecki-Garrido M, Pérez-Rodríguez D, Guerra B, Aranda-Tavío H, Guerra-Rodríguez M, Brito-Casillas Y, Melián C, Martínez-Martín MS, Fernández-Pérez L, Recio C. SOCS2 protects against chemical-induced hepatocellular carcinoma progression by modulating inflammation and cell proliferation in the liver. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114060. [PMID: 36455458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers worldwide, but the precise intracellular mechanisms underlying the progression of this inflammation associated cancer are not well established. SOCS2 protein plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of different tumors by regulating cytokine signalling through the JAK/STAT axis. However, its role in HCC is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of SOCS2 in HCC progression and its potential as HCC biomarker. The effects of SOCS2 in HCC progression were evaluated in an experimental model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in C57BL/6 and SOCS2 deficient mice, in cultured hepatic cells, and in liver samples from HCC patients. Mice lacking SOCS2 showed higher liver tumor burden with increased malignancy grade, inflammation, fibrosis, and proliferation than their controls. Protein and gene expression analysis reported higher pSTAT5 and pSTAT3 activation, upregulation of different proteins involved in survival and proliferation, and increased levels of proinflammatory and pro-tumoral mediators in the absence of SOCS2. Clinically relevant, downregulated expression of SOCS2 was found in neoplasia from HCC patients compared to healthy liver tissue, correlating with the malignancy grade. In summary, our data show that lack of SOCS2 increases susceptibility to chemical-induced HCC and suggest the tumor suppressor role of this protein by regulating the oncogenic and inflammatory responses mediated by STAT5 and STAT3 in the liver. Hence, SOCS2 emerges as an attractive target molecule and potential biomarker to deepen in the study of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Cabrera-Galván
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Departamento Morfología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eduardo Araujo
- Departamento Morfología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Mirecki-Garrido
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Haidée Aranda-Tavío
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Guerra-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yeray Brito-Casillas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carlos Melián
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Soledad Martínez-Martín
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Departamento Morfología, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Servicio Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular - Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Unidad de Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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6
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Kanno Y, Saito N, Saito R, Kosuge T, Shizu R, Yatsu T, Hosaka T, Nemoto K, Kato K, Yoshinari K. Differential DNA-binding and cofactor recruitment are possible determinants of the synthetic steroid YK11-dependent gene expression by androgen receptor in breast cancer MDA-MB 453 cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113333. [PMID: 36030969 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recently, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), which bind to AR and act in a tissue/effect-specific manner, have been developed, but the selective mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the selective mechanism using the synthetic steroid YK11, which showed AR-mediated gene-selective transactivation. In the AR-positive human breast cancer MDA-MB-453 cells, different patterns of AR-mediated target gene expression and AR recruitment to their enhancer regions were observed between DHT and YK11. A docking study suggested the helices 11 and 12 was moved by the sterically hindered C17-group of YK11. Furthermore, the mutational studies of AR Gln902 and mammalian two-hybrid assays suggested different cofactor recruitment between DHT and YK11. The results of this study suggest that gene selective regulation by SARMs results from differential DNA-binding and/or cofactor recruitment by ligands. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of action of SARMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan; Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Nao Saito
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kosuge
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Yatsu
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- Department of organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Ebersbach C, Beier AMK, Hönscheid P, Sperling C, Jöhrens K, Baretton GB, Thomas C, Sommer U, Borkowetz A, Erb HHH. Influence of Systemic Therapy on the Expression and Activity of Selected STAT Proteins in Prostate Cancer Tissue. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020240. [PMID: 35207527 PMCID: PMC8877682 DOI: 10.3390/life12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins have been identified as drivers of prostate cancer (PCa) progression and development of aggressive castration-resistant phenotypes. In particular, STAT3, 5, and 6 have been linked to resistance to androgen receptor inhibition and metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models. This descriptive study aimed to validate these preclinical data in tissue obtained from patients with PCa before and while under androgen-deprivation therapy. Therefore, STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The data revealed that STAT3 and 5 changed in PCa. However, there was no relationship between expression and survival. Moreover, due to the heterogeneous nature of PCa, the preclinical results could not be transferred congruently to the patient’s material. A pilot study with a longitudinal patient cohort could also show this heterogeneous influence of systemic therapy on STAT3, 5, and 6 expressions and activity. Even if the main mechanisms were validated, these data demonstrate the urge for better patient-near preclinical models. Therefore, these data reflect the need for investigations of STAT proteins in a longitudinal patient cohort to identify factors responsible for the diverse influence of system therapy on STAT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ebersbach
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alicia-Marie K. Beier
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Department of Urology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pia Hönscheid
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Sperling
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (K.J.); (G.B.B.); (U.S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor and Normal Tissue Bank of the University Cancer Center (UCC), University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angelika Borkowetz
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Holger H. H. Erb
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (C.E.); (A.-M.K.B.); (C.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Sobah ML, Liongue C, Ward AC. SOCS Proteins in Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, and Immune-Related Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727987. [PMID: 34604264 PMCID: PMC8481645 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine signaling represents one of the cornerstones of the immune system, mediating the complex responses required to facilitate appropriate immune cell development and function that supports robust immunity. It is crucial that these signals be tightly regulated, with dysregulation underpinning immune defects, including excessive inflammation, as well as contributing to various immune-related malignancies. A specialized family of proteins called suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) participate in negative feedback regulation of cytokine signaling, ensuring it is appropriately restrained. The eight SOCS proteins identified regulate cytokine and other signaling pathways in unique ways. SOCS1–3 and CISH are most closely involved in the regulation of immune-related signaling, influencing processes such polarization of lymphocytes and the activation of myeloid cells by controlling signaling downstream of essential cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ. SOCS protein perturbation disrupts these processes resulting in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as malignancies. As a consequence, SOCS proteins are garnering increased interest as a unique avenue to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Bai Q, Liu H, Guo H, Lin H, Song X, Jin Y, Liu Y, Guo H, Liang S, Song R, Wang J, Qu Z, Guo H, Jiang H, Liu L, Yang H. Identification of Hub Genes Associated With Development and Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and Differential Gene Expression Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 11:615308. [PMID: 33414813 PMCID: PMC7783465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A further understanding of the molecular mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is necessary to predict a patient's prognosis and develop new targeted gene drugs. This study aims to identify essential genes related to HCC. We used the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis to analyze the gene expression profile of GSE45114 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). A total of 37 overlapping genes were extracted from four groups of results. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed on the 37 overlapping genes. Then, we used the STRING database to map the protein interaction (PPI) network of 37 overlapping genes. Ten hub genes were screened according to the Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) score using the Cytohubba plugin of Cytoscape (including FOS, EGR1, EPHA2, DUSP1, IGFBP3, SOCS2, ID1, DUSP6, MT1G, and MT1H). Most hub genes show a significant association with immune infiltration types and tumor stemness of microenvironment in HCC. According to Univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival estimation, SOCS2 was positively correlated with overall survival (OS), and IGFBP3 was negatively correlated with OS. Moreover, the expression of IGFBP3 increased with the increase of the clinical stage, while the expression of SOCS2 decreased with the increase of the clinical stage. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SOCS2 and IGFBP3 may play an essential role in the development of HCC and may serve as a potential biomarker for future diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Bai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Guo
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhibo Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxin Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Ballar Kirmizibayrak P, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Gozen O, Erzurumlu Y. Divergent Modulation of Proteostasis in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:117-151. [PMID: 32274755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis regulates key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which proteostasis is regulated are crucial and the deterioration of cellular proteostasis has been significantly associated with tumorigenesis since it specifically targets key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Androgens mediate one of the most central signaling pathways in all stages of PCa via the androgen receptor (AR). In addition to their regulation by hormones, PCa cells are also known to be highly secretory and are particularly prone to ER stress as proper ER function is essential. Alterations in various complex signaling pathways and cellular processes including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis are critical factors influencing PCa development through key molecular changes mainly by posttranslational modifications in PCa-related proteins, including AR, NKX3.1, PTEN, p53, cyclin D1, and p27. Several ubiquitin ligases like MDM2, Siah2, RNF6, CHIP, and substrate-binding adaptor SPOP; deubiquitinases such as USP7, USP10, USP26, and USP12 are just some of the modifiers involved in the regulation of these key proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Some ubiquitin-like modifiers, especially SUMOs, have been also closely associated with PCa. On the other hand, the proteotoxicity resulting from misfolded proteins and failure of ER adaptive capacity induce unfolded protein response (UPR) that is an indispensable signaling mechanism for PCa development. Lastly, ER-associated degradation (ERAD) also plays a crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis. In this section, the relationship between prostate cancer and proteostasis will be discussed in terms of UPS, UPR, SUMOylation, ERAD, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oguz Gozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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11
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Boguszewski CL, Boguszewski MCDS. Growth Hormone's Links to Cancer. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:558-574. [PMID: 30500870 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several components of the GH axis are involved in tumor progression, and GH-induced intracellular signaling has been strongly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in genome-wide association studies. In the general population, high IGF-I levels and low IGF-binding protein-3 levels within the normal range are associated with the development of common malignancies, and components of the GH-IGF signaling system exhibit correlations with clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic parameters in cancer patients. Despite promising findings in preclinical studies, anticancer therapies targeting the GH-IGF signaling system have led to disappointing results in clinical trials. There is substantial evidence for some degree of protection against tumor development in several animal models and in patients with genetic defects associated with GH deficiency or resistance. In contrast, the link between GH excess and cancer risk in acromegaly patients is much less clear, and cancer screening in acromegaly has been a highly controversial issue. Recent studies have shown that increased life expectancy in acromegaly patients who attain normal GH and IGF-I levels is associated with more deaths due to age-related cancers. Replacement GH therapy in GH deficiency hypopituitary adults and short children has been shown to be safe when no other risk factors for malignancy are present. Nevertheless, the use of GH in cancer survivors and in short children with RASopathies, chromosomal breakage syndromes, or DNA-repair disorders should be carefully evaluated owing to an increased risk of recurrence, primary cancer, or second neoplasia in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Luiz Boguszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Division (SEMPR), University Hospital, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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12
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Lu M, Flanagan JU, Langley RJ, Hay MP, Perry JK. Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 30775002 PMCID: PMC6367471 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) is a classical pituitary endocrine hormone that is essential for normal postnatal growth and has pleiotropic effects across multiple physiological systems. GH is also expressed in extrapituitary tissues and has localized autocrine/paracrine effects at these sites. In adults, hypersecretion of GH causes acromegaly, and strategies that block the release of GH or that inhibit GH receptor (GHR) activation are the primary forms of medical therapy for this disease. Overproduction of GH has also been linked to cancer and the microvascular complications that are associated with diabetes. However, studies to investigate the therapeutic potential of GHR antagonism in these diseases have been limited, most likely due to difficulty in accessing therapeutic tools to study the pharmacology of the receptor in vivo. This review will discuss current and emerging strategies for antagonizing GH function and the potential disease indications. Emerging therapies are offering an expanded toolkit for combatting the effects of human growth hormone overproduction. Human growth hormone (GH) is a major driver of postnatal growth; however, systemic or localized overproduction is implicated in the aberrant growth disease acromegaly, cancer, and diabetes. In this review, researchers led by Jo Perry, from the University of Auckland, New Zealand, discuss strategies that either inhibit GH production, block its systemic receptor, or interrupt its downstream signaling pathways. The only licensed GH receptor blocker is pegvisomant, but therapies are in development that include long-acting protein and antibody-based blockers, and nucleotide complexes that degrade GHR production have also shown promise. Studies investigating GHR antagonism are limited, partly due to difficulty in accessing therapeutic tools which block GHR function, but overcoming these obstacles may yield advances in alleviating chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Lu
- 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jack U Flanagan
- 2Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ries J Langley
- 3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,4Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Hay
- 2Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo K Perry
- 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,3Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Zhao X, Zhang W, Ji W. miR-196b is a prognostic factor of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and promotes tumor progression by targeting SOCS2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:584-592. [PMID: 29753737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has the second highest incidence among the head and neck malignancies. Additionally, the incidence of LSCCs has been recently increasing. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of LSCC tumorigenesis and identifying novel biomarkers to accurately predict and improve the prognosis of patients with LSCC is extremely important. METHODS miR-196b and SOCS2 expression was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Their correlation was analyzed with the Pearson test. TU212 and TU177 cells were cultured and transfected for MTT, Transwell, and apoptosis assays upon miR-196b knockdown, SOSC2 overexpression or SOCS2 silencing. Dual-luciferase reporter assay were conducted to identify the relationship between miR-196b and SOCS2. Moreover, the correlation between clinicopathological parameters and miR-196b/SOCS2 expression in patients was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis and log-rank tests were used to determine if miR-196 was an independent LSCC prognostic factors. RESULTS We reported the aberrant expression and inverse correlation of miR-196b and SOCS2 in LSCC samples. miR-196b promoted LSCC cells proliferation and invasion, and suppressed apoptosis by directly inhibiting SOCS2 expression in vitro. Moreover, we also revealed that miR-196b/SOCS2 expression correlated with T stage and cervical metastasis. miR-196b was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with LSCC. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-196b suppresses SOCS2 in human LSCC resulting in tumor progression and poor prognosis. miR-196b is a potential marker for prognosis assessment and targeting miR-196b may be a novel valuable strategy for the treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyue Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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14
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Miyamoto A, Masuhiro Y, Seki T, Hanazawa S, Shiba H. A designed cell-penetrating human SOCS2 protein suppresses GH-dependent cancer cell proliferation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:300-308. [PMID: 30343638 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1536516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 2, a negative regulator of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which is associated with acromegaly and cancers, is a promising candidate molecule for treating various diseases. To facilitate its use in protein therapy, we designed and constructed a human SOCS2 protein containing a membrane-permeable peptide sequence and expressed it in an Escherichia coli system. The partially purified recombinant protein was effectively delivered into several cancer cell lines and inhibited cell growth. Biochemical analysis showed that the recombinant SOCS2 protein interacted with growth hormone receptor (GHR) and downregulated GH-STAT5 signaling target genes. Our results suggest that the designed cell-penetrating SOCS2 protein will be useful in intercellular protein therapy to cure cancers. Abbreviations: SOCS: suppressor of cytokine signaling; GH: growth hormone; GHR: growth hormone receptor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1; CP: cell-penetrating; STAT: signal transducer and activator of transcription; JAK: Janus kinase; HNF: hepatocyte nuclear factor; MTM: membrane-translocating motif; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Miyamoto
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Masuhiro
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Shigemasa Hanazawa
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hajime Shiba
- a Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Bioresource Sciences , Nihon University , Kanagawa , Japan
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15
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Flores-Morales A, Bergmann TB, Lavallee C, Batth TS, Lin D, Lerdrup M, Friis S, Bartels A, Kristensen G, Krzyzanowska A, Xue H, Fazli L, Hansen KH, Røder MA, Brasso K, Moreira JM, Bjartell A, Wang Y, Olsen JV, Collins CC, Iglesias-Gato D. Proteogenomic Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenografts Highlights the Role of REST in Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:595-608. [PMID: 30274982 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing number of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tumors exhibit neuroendocrine (NE) features. NE prostate cancer (NEPC) has poor prognosis, and its development is poorly understood.Experimental Design: We applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics to a unique set of 17 prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to characterize the effects of castration in vivo, and the proteome differences between NEPC and prostate adenocarcinomas. Genome-wide profiling of REST-occupied regions in prostate cancer cells was correlated to the expression changes in vivo to investigate the role of the transcriptional repressor REST in castration-induced NEPC differentiation. RESULTS An average of 4,881 proteins were identified and quantified from each PDX. Proteins related to neurogenesis, cell-cycle regulation, and DNA repair were found upregulated and elevated in NEPC, while the reduced levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial functions suggested a prevalent glycolytic metabolism of NEPC tumors. Integration of the REST chromatin bound regions with expression changes indicated a direct role of REST in regulating neuronal gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, depletion of REST led to cell-cycle arrest in G1, which could be rescued by p53 knockdown. Finally, the expression of the REST-regulated gene secretagogin (SCGN) correlated with an increased risk of suffering disease relapse after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first deep characterization of the proteome of NEPC and suggests that concomitant inhibition of REST and the p53 pathway would promote NEPC. We also identify SCGN as a novel prognostic marker in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias B Bergmann
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lavallee
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanveer S Batth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Friis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Bartels
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Kristensen
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Agnieszka Krzyzanowska
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hui Xue
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Klaus H Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin A Røder
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Brasso
- Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José M Moreira
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Urological Cancers, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin C Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Naudin C, Chevalier C, Roche S. The role of small adaptor proteins in the control of oncogenic signalingr driven by tyrosine kinases in human cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11033-55. [PMID: 26788993 PMCID: PMC4905456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation on tyrosine (Tyr) residues has evolved as an important mechanism to coordinate cell communication in multicellular organisms. The importance of this process has been revealed by the discovery of the prominent oncogenic properties of tyrosine kinases (TK) upon deregulation of their physiological activities, often due to protein overexpression and/or somatic mutation. Recent reports suggest that TK oncogenic signaling is also under the control of small adaptor proteins. These cytosolic proteins lack intrinsic catalytic activity and signal by linking two functional members of a catalytic pathway. While most adaptors display positive regulatory functions, a small group of this family exerts negative regulatory functions by targeting several components of the TK signaling cascade. Here, we review how these less studied adaptor proteins negatively control TK activities and how their loss of function induces abnormal TK signaling, promoting tumor formation. We also discuss the therapeutic consequences of this novel regulatory mechanism in human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Naudin
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Clément Chevalier
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Present address: SFR Biosit (UMS CNRS 3480/US INSERM 018), MRic Photonics Platform, University Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Serge Roche
- CNRS UMR5237, University Montpellier, CRBM, Montpellier, France.,Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2014, Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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17
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Recouvreux MV, Wu JB, Gao AC, Zonis S, Chesnokova V, Bhowmick N, Chung LW, Melmed S. Androgen Receptor Regulation of Local Growth Hormone in Prostate Cancer Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2255-2268. [PMID: 28444169 PMCID: PMC5505214 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) growth is mainly driven by androgen receptor (AR), and tumors that initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or AR inhibition usually relapse into a more aggressive, castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) stage. Circulating growth hormone (GH) has a permissive role in PCa development in animal models and in human PCa xenograft growth. As GH and GH receptor (GHR) are both expressed in PCa cells, we assessed whether prostatic GH production is linked to AR activity and whether GH contributes to the castration-resistant phenotype. Using online datasets, we found that GH is highly expressed in human CRPC. We observed increased GH expression in castration-resistant C4-2 compared with castration-sensitive LNCaP cells as well as in enzalutamide (MDV3100)-resistant (MDVR) C4-2B (C4-2B MDVR) cells compared with parental C4-2B. We describe a negative regulation of locally produced GH by androgens/AR in PCa cells following treatment with AR agonists (R1881) and antagonists (enzalutamide, bicalutamide). We also show that GH enhances invasive behavior of CRPC 22Rv1 cells, as reflected by increased migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent growth, as well as expression of matrix metalloproteases. Moreover, GH induces expression of the AR splice variant 7, which correlates with antiandrogen resistance, and also induces insulinlike growth factor 1, which is implicated in PCa progression and ligand-independent AR activation. In contrast, blockade of GH action with the GHR antagonist pegvisomant reverses these effects both in vitro and in vivo. GH induction following ADT or AR inhibition may contribute to CRPC progression by bypassing androgen growth requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Boyang Wu
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, 99202
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, 95817
| | - Svetlana Zonis
- Pituitary Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Vera Chesnokova
- Pituitary Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Neil Bhowmick
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Leland W. Chung
- Uro-Oncology Research Program, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Pituitary Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90048
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18
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Barfeld SJ, Urbanucci A, Itkonen HM, Fazli L, Hicks JL, Thiede B, Rennie PS, Yegnasubramanian S, DeMarzo AM, Mills IG. c-Myc Antagonises the Transcriptional Activity of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer Affecting Key Gene Networks. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:83-93. [PMID: 28412251 PMCID: PMC5405195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men. The androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, constitutes the main drug target for advanced cases of the disease. However, a variety of other transcription factors and signaling networks have been shown to be altered in patients and to influence AR activity. Amongst these, the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc has been studied extensively in multiple malignancies and elevated protein levels of c-Myc are commonly observed in PCa. Its impact on AR activity, however, remains elusive. In this study, we assessed the impact of c-Myc overexpression on AR activity and transcriptional output in a PCa cell line model and validated the antagonistic effect of c-MYC on AR-targets in patient samples. We found that c-Myc overexpression partially reprogrammed AR chromatin occupancy and was associated with altered histone marks distribution, most notably H3K4me1 and H3K27me3. We found c-Myc and the AR co-occupy a substantial number of binding sites and these exhibited enhancer-like characteristics. Interestingly, c-Myc overexpression antagonised clinically relevant AR target genes. Therefore, as an example, we validated the antagonistic relationship between c-Myc and two AR target genes, KLK3 (alias PSA, prostate specific antigen), and Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT), in patient samples. Our findings provide unbiased evidence that MYC overexpression deregulates the AR transcriptional program, which is thought to be a driving force in PCa. c-MYC and AR share one third of chromatin binding with enhancer-like features. c-MYC can repress the expression of a subset prostate cancer biomarkers, including PSA. c-MYC and AR antagonize the expression of, Glycine N-Methyltransferase (GNMT), responsible for sarcosine biosynthesis.
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease. The most frequently used biomarker in clinical setting, a well described androgen receptor target gene, PSA, still performs poorly in stratifying patients at real risk of death due to the disease. Despite this, therapeutic approaches focus on suppressing androgen receptor signaling. However, this is only one of the recurrent alterations found in patients. This study focuses on c-MYC and the effects of its deregulation in advanced prostate cancer. We find that there is an inverse relationship between established biomarkers expression, including PSA. This inverse relationship could be used in clinics to select beneficial therapeutic approaches for a subset of prostate cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Barfeld
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Harri M Itkonen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul S Rennie
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Angelo M DeMarzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence, CCRCB, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
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19
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Yang Y, Hu S, Liu J, Cui Y, Fan Y, Lv T, Liu L, Li J, He Q, Han W, Yu W, Sun Y, Jin J. CD8+ T cells promote proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells under low androgen level via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42893. [PMID: 28216616 PMCID: PMC5316951 DOI: 10.1038/srep42893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by our group have shown that low intra-prostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced BPH epithelial cells (BECs) to recruit CD8+ T cells. However, the influence of the recruited CD8+ T cells on BECs under a low androgen level is still unknown. Here, we found CD8+ T cells have the capacity to promote proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition. Mechanism dissection revealed that interaction between CD8+ T cells and BECs through secretion of CCL5 might promote the phosphorylation of STAT5 and a higher expression of CCND1 in BECs. Suppressed CCL5/STAT5 signals via CCL5 neutralizing antibody or STAT5 inhibitor Pimozide led to reverse CD8+ T cell-enhanced BECs proliferation. IHC analysis from Finasteride treated patients showed PCNA expression in BECs was highly correlated to the level of CD8+ T cell infiltration and the expression of CCL5. Consequently, our data indicated infiltrating CD8+ T cells could promote the proliferation of BECs in low androgen condition via modulation of CCL5/STAT5/CCND1 signaling. The increased secretion of CCL5 from the CD8+ T cells/BECs interaction might help BECs survive in a low DHT environment. Targeting these signals may provide a new potential therapeutic approach to better treat BPH patients who failed the therapy of 5α-reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tianjing Lv
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wenke Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14642, NY, USA
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing 100034, China.,Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing 100034, China
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20
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Paul I, Batth TS, Iglesias-Gato D, Al-Araimi A, Al-Haddabi I, Alkharusi A, Norstedt G, Olsen JV, Zadjali F, Flores-Morales A. The ubiquitin ligase Cullin5 SOCS2 regulates NDR1/STK38 stability and NF-κB transactivation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42800. [PMID: 28216640 PMCID: PMC5316984 DOI: 10.1038/srep42800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SOCS2 is a pleiotropic E3 ligase. Its deficiency is associated with gigantism and organismal lethality upon inflammatory challenge. However, mechanistic understanding of SOCS2 function is dismal due to our unawareness of its protein substrates. We performed a mass spectrometry based proteomic profiling upon SOCS2 depletion and yield quantitative data for ~4200 proteins. Through this screen we identify a novel target of SOCS2, the serine-threonine kinase NDR1. Over-expression of SOCS2 accelerates turnover, while its knockdown stabilizes, endogenous NDR1 protein. SOCS2 interacts with NDR1 and promotes its degradation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Functionally, over-expression of SOCS2 antagonizes NDR1-induced TNFα-stimulated NF-κB activity. Conversely, depletion of NDR1 rescues the effect of SOCS2-deficiency on TNFα-induced NF-κB transactivation. Using a SOCS2−/− mice model of colitis we show that SOCS2-deficiency is pro-inflammatory and negatively correlates with NDR1 and nuclear p65 levels. Lastly, we provide evidence to suggest that NDR1 acts as an oncogene in prostate cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an identified E3 ligase for NDR1. These results might explain how SOCS2-deficiency leads to hyper-activation of NF-κB and downstream pathological implications and posits that SOCS2 induced degradation of NDR1 may act as a switch in restricting TNFα-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Paul
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tanveer S Batth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Diego Iglesias-Gato
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, c/o the Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Amna Al-Araimi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. box 35, P.C 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. box 35, P.C 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amira Alkharusi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. box 35, P.C 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. box 35, P.C 123, Muscat, Oman.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. box 35, P.C 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, c/o the Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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21
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Jiang M, Zhang WW, Liu P, Yu W, Liu T, Yu J. Dysregulation of SOCS-Mediated Negative Feedback of Cytokine Signaling in Carcinogenesis and Its Significance in Cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:70. [PMID: 28228755 PMCID: PMC5296614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are major negative feedback regulators of cytokine signaling mediated by the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway. In particular, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are strong inhibitors of JAKs and can play pivotal roles in the development and progression of cancers. The abnormal expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in cancer cells is associated with the dysregulation of cell growth, migration, and death induced by multiple cytokines and hormones in human carcinomas. In addition, the mechanisms involved in SOCS1- and SOCS3-regulated abnormal development and activation of immune cells in carcinogenesis, including T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to further discuss the molecules and signal pathways regulating the expression and function of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in various types of cancers and elucidate the feasibility and efficiency of SOCS-based target therapeutic strategy in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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Combined Effects of Androgen and Growth Hormone on Osteoblast Marker Expression in Mouse C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 Cells Induced by Bone Morphogenetic Protein. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010006. [PMID: 28067796 PMCID: PMC5294959 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts undergo differentiation in response to various factors, including growth factors and steroids. Bone mass is diminished in androgen- and/or growth hormone (GH)-deficient patients. However the functional relationship between androgen and GH, and their combined effects on bone metabolism, remains unclear. Here we investigated the mutual effects of androgen and GH on osteoblastic marker expression using mouse myoblastic C2C12 and osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Combined treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and GH enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of Runx2, ALP, and osteocalcin mRNA, compared with the individual treatments in C2C12 cells. Co-treatment with DHT and GH activated Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, Id-1 transcription, and ALP activity induced by BMP-2 in C2C12 cells but not in MC3T3-E1 cells. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) mRNA level was amplified by GH and BMP-2 treatment and was restored by co-treatment with DHT in C2C12 cells. The mRNA level of the IGF-I receptor was not significantly altered by GH or DHT, while it was increased by IGF-I. In addition, IGF-I treatment increased collagen-1 mRNA expression, whereas blockage of endogenous IGF-I activity using an anti-IGF-I antibody failed to suppress the effect of GH and DHT on BMP-2-induced Runx2 expression in C2C12 cells, suggesting that endogenous IGF-I was not substantially involved in the underlying GH actions. On the other hand, androgen receptor and GH receptor mRNA expression was suppressed by BMP-2 in both cell lines, implying the existence of a feedback action. Collectively the results showed that the combined effects of androgen and GH facilitated BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation at an early stage by upregulating BMP receptor signaling.
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23
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Das R, Gregory PA, Fernandes RC, Denis I, Wang Q, Townley SL, Zhao SG, Hanson AR, Pickering MA, Armstrong HK, Lokman NA, Ebrahimie E, Davicioni E, Jenkins RB, Karnes RJ, Ross AE, Den RB, Klein EA, Chi KN, Ramshaw HS, Williams ED, Zoubeidi A, Goodall GJ, Feng FY, Butler LM, Tilley WD, Selth LA. MicroRNA-194 Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Inhibiting SOCS2. Cancer Res 2016; 77:1021-1034. [PMID: 28011622 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of miR-194 have been reported to predict prostate cancer recurrence after surgery, but its functional contributions to this disease have not been studied. Herein, it is demonstrated that miR-194 is a driver of prostate cancer metastasis. Prostate tissue levels of miR-194 were associated with disease aggressiveness and poor outcome. Ectopic delivery of miR-194 stimulated migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cell lines, and stable overexpression of miR-194 enhanced metastasis of intravenous and intraprostatic tumor xenografts. Conversely, inhibition of miR-194 activity suppressed the invasive capacity of prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo Mechanistic investigations identified the ubiquitin ligase suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) as a direct, biologically relevant target of miR-194 in prostate cancer. Low levels of SOCS2 correlated strongly with disease recurrence and metastasis in clinical specimens. SOCS2 downregulation recapitulated miR-194-driven metastatic phenotypes, whereas overexpression of a nontargetable SOCS2 reduced miR-194-stimulated invasion. Targeting of SOCS2 by miR-194 resulted in derepression of the oncogenic kinases FLT3 and JAK2, leading to enhanced ERK and STAT3 signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK and JAK/STAT pathways reversed miR-194-driven phenotypes. The GATA2 transcription factor was identified as an upstream regulator of miR-194, consistent with a strong concordance between GATA2 and miR-194 levels in clinical specimens. Overall, these results offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of metastatic progression in prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 77(4); 1021-34. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Das
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rayzel C Fernandes
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Iza Denis
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Breast Cancer Genetics Group, Centre for Personalised Cancer Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Scott L Townley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adrienne R Hanson
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marie A Pickering
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Heather K Armstrong
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Noor A Lokman
- Research Centre for Reproductive Health, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Urology, Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert B Den
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kim N Chi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hayley S Ramshaw
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. .,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) inhibits tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13521-13531. [PMID: 27465557 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence continues to increase. However, the mechanism underlying the development and progression of HCC remains unknown. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a member of the SOCS family and influences the carcinogenesis of multiple types of tumors, but the biological roles of SOCS2 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we found that SOCS2 expression was reduced in HCC tissues compared with matched noncancerous liver tissues. Moreover, decreased SOCS2 expression was significantly associated with the presence of intrahepatic metastasis and high histological grade in HCC patients. Colony formation assays and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS2 or knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 did not significantly affect cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. However, SOCS2 overexpression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and inhibited metastasis in vivo. Consistent with these findings, the knockdown of endogenous SOCS2 enhanced migration and invasion in HCC cells in vitro. Our study demonstrated that SOCS2 inhibited human HCC metastasis, and SOCS2 might provide a new potential therapeutic strategy for treating HCC.
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25
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Misawa A, Takayama KI, Urano T, Inoue S. Androgen-induced Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SOCS2-AS1 Promotes Cell Growth and Inhibits Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17861-80. [PMID: 27342777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been associated with the development of cancer. However, the interplay between lncRNAs and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer is still unclear. Here, we identified lncRNAs induced by androgen in AR-positive prostate cancer cells, where induction was abolished by AR knockdown as well as an anti-androgen, bicalutamide. By combining these data, we identified an androgen-regulated lncRNA, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2-antisense transcript 1 (SOCS2-AS1), the expression of which was higher in castration-resistant prostate cancer model cells, i.e long-term androgen-deprived (LTAD) cells, than in parental androgen-dependent LNCaP cells. SOCS2-AS1 promoted castration-resistant and androgen-dependent cell growth. We found that SOCS2-AS1 knockdown up-regulated genes related to the apoptosis pathway, including tumor necrosis factor superfamily 10 (TNFSF10), and sensitized prostate cancer cells to docetaxel treatment. Moreover, we also demonstrated that SOCS2-AS1 promotes androgen signaling by modulating the epigenetic control for AR target genes including TNFSF10 These findings suggest that SOCS2-AS1 plays an important role in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer by repressing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Misawa
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takayama
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, the Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, and
| | - Tomohiko Urano
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- From the Department of Anti-aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan, the Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan, and the Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
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26
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Lee H, Hwang SJ, Kim HR, Shin CH, Choi KH, Joung JG, Kim HH. Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) controls the invasiveness of glioblastoma through YAP-dependent expression of CYR61/CCN1 and miR-296-3p. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:599-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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27
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Peng HY, Jiang SS, Hsiao JR, Hsiao M, Hsu YM, Wu GH, Chang WM, Chang JY, Jin SLC, Shiah SG. IL-8 induces miR-424-5p expression and modulates SOCS2/STAT5 signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:895-909. [PMID: 27038552 PMCID: PMC5423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative feedback regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. Dysregulation of SOCS protein expression in cancers can be one of the mechanisms that maintain STAT activation, but this mechanism is still poorly understood in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we report that SOCS2 protein is significantly downregulated in OSCC patients and its levels are inversely correlated with miR‐424‐5p expression. We identified the SOCS2 protein, which modulates STAT5 activity, as a direct target of miR‐424‐5p. The miR‐424‐5p‐induced STAT5 phosphorylation, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and cell migration and invasion were blocked by SOCS2 restoration, suggesting that miR‐424‐5p exhibits its oncogenic activity through negatively regulating SOCS2 levels. Furthermore, miR‐424‐5p expression could be induced by the cytokine IL‐8 primarily through enhancing STAT5 transcriptional activity rather than NF‐κB signaling. Antagomir‐mediated inactivation of miR‐424‐5p prevented the IL‐8‐induced cell migration and invasion, indicating that miR‐424‐5p is required for IL‐8‐induced cellular invasiveness. Taken together, these data indicate that STAT5‐dependent expression of miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop, and scavenging miR‐424‐5p function using antagomir may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of OSCC. miR‐424‐5p is overexpressed in OSCC. miR‐424‐5p directly targets SOCS2, leading to increased cell migration and invasion. STAT5 activation is required for IL‐8‐mediated miR‐424‐5p transcription. miR‐424‐5p plays an important role in mediating IL‐8/STAT5/SOCS2 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medical, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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28
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Fernández-Pérez L, de Mirecki-Garrido M, Guerra B, Díaz M, Díaz-Chico JC. Sex steroids and growth hormone interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:171-80. [PMID: 26775014 DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
GH and sex hormones are critical regulators of body growth and composition, somatic development, intermediate metabolism, and sexual dimorphism. Deficiencies in GH- or sex hormone-dependent signaling and the influence of sex hormones on GH biology may have a dramatic impact on liver physiology during somatic development and in adulthood. Effects of sex hormones on the liver may be direct, through hepatic receptors, or indirect by modulating endocrine, metabolic, and gender-differentiated functions of GH. Sex hormones can modulate GH actions by acting centrally, regulating pituitary GH secretion, and peripherally, by modulating GH signaling pathways. The endocrine and/or metabolic consequences of long-term exposure to sex hormone-related compounds and their influence on the GH-liver axis are largely unknown. A better understanding of these interactions in physiological and pathological states will contribute to preserve health and to improve clinical management of patients with growth, developmental, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Fernández-Pérez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain.
| | - Mercedes de Mirecki-Garrido
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain
| | - Borja Guerra
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Chico
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine and Health (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Molecular and Translational Pharmacology - BioPharm Group, Las Palmas de G.C., Spain
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29
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Lee YS, Hwang SG, Kim JK, Park TH, Kim YR, Myeong HS, Choi JD, Kwon K, Jang CS, Ro YT, Noh YH, Kim SY. Identification of novel therapeutic target genes in acquired lapatinib-resistant breast cancer by integrative meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2285-97. [PMID: 26361955 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to lapatinib is a highly problematic clinical barrier that has to be overcome for a successful cancer treatment. Despite efforts to determine the mechanisms underlying acquired lapatinib resistance (ALR), no definitive genetic factors have been reported to be solely responsible for the acquired resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, we performed a cross-platform meta-analysis of three publically available microarray datasets related to breast cancer with ALR, using the R-based RankProd package. From the meta-analysis, we were able to identify a total of 990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 406 upregulated, 584 downregulated) that are potentially associated with ALR. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed that "response to organic substance" and "p53 signaling pathway" may be largely involved in ALR process. Of these, many of the top 50 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were found in oncogenesis of various tumors and cancers. For the top 50 DEGs, we constructed the gene coexpression and protein-protein interaction networks from a huge database of well-known molecular interactions. By integrative analysis of two systemic networks, we condensed the total number of DEGs to six common genes (LGALS1, PRSS23, PTRF, FHL2, TOB1, and SOCS2). Furthermore, these genes were confirmed in functional module eigens obtained from the weighted gene correlation network analysis of total DEGs in the microarray datasets ("GSE16179" and "GSE52707"). Our integrative meta-analysis could provide a comprehensive perspective into complex mechanisms underlying ALR in breast cancer and a theoretical support for further chemotherapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Goo Hwang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ki Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Rae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Myeong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Duck Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Kwon
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Applied Plant Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tae Ro
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer cells are responsive to multiple hormones and growth factors that can affect cell function. These effects may include modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, but the ability to impinge on the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells by affecting cell motility should also be considered, as prostate tumor metastasis correlates with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Human growth hormone (hGH) can affect the growth and survival of prostate cancer cells, but the effect of hGH on prostate cancer cell motility is unknown. In the present study, the potential for exogenous and autocrine hGH to directly affect prostate cancer cell motility was addressed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of exogenous and autocrine hGH on the chemokinesis and chemotaxis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells were tested using cell monolayer wound healing and Boyden chamber invasion assays. The signaling pathways underlying these effects were resolved with chemical inhibitors and the correlation with cytoskeletal actin reorganization evaluated microscopically by staining cells with fluor-conjugated phalloidin. RESULTS Both exogenous and autocrine hGH augmented the migration and invasion of LNCaP cells, and hGH itself acted as a chemoattractant. This activity was dependent upon the STAT5, MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways, and was accompanied by an alteration in cellular actin organization. CONCLUSIONS hGH may enhance the metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells, both as a stimulant of cellular motility and invasiveness and as a chemoattractant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona O Nakonechnaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University , Greenville, NC , USA
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31
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Hull KL, Harvey S. Growth hormone and reproduction: a review of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine interactions. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:234014. [PMID: 25580121 PMCID: PMC4279787 DOI: 10.1155/2014/234014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The somatotropic axis, consisting of growth hormone (GH), hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and assorted releasing factors, regulates growth and body composition. Axiomatically, since optimal body composition enhances reproductive function, general somatic actions of GH modulate reproductive function. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that GH also modulates reproduction directly, exerting both gonadotropin-dependent and gonadotropin-independent actions in both males and females. Moreover, recent studies indicate GH produced within reproductive tissues differs from pituitary GH in terms of secretion and action. Accordingly, GH is increasingly used as a fertility adjunct in males and females, both humans and nonhumans. This review reconsiders reproductive actions of GH in vertebrates in respect to these new conceptual developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hull
- Department of Biology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 1Z7 ; Centre de Recherche Clinique Etienne-Le Bel, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
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32
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Flores-Morales A, Rönnstrand L. SOCS proteins in regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:3297-310. [PMID: 24705897 PMCID: PMC11113172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors that play critical roles in signal transduction from extracellular stimuli. Many in this family of kinases are overexpressed or mutated in human malignancies and thus became an attractive drug target for cancer treatment. The signaling mediated by RTKs must be tightly regulated by interacting proteins including protein-tyrosine phosphatases and ubiquitin ligases. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins are well-known negative regulators of cytokine receptors signaling consisting of eight structurally similar proteins, SOCS1-7, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS). A key feature of this family of proteins is the presence of an SH2 domain and a SOCS box. Recent studies suggest that SOCS proteins also play a role in RTK signaling. Activation of RTK results in transcriptional activation of SOCS-encoding genes. These proteins associate with RTKs through their SH2 domains and subsequently recruit the E3 ubiquitin machinery through the SOCS box, and thereby limit receptor stability by inducing ubiquitination. In a similar fashion, SOCS proteins negatively regulate mitogenic signaling by RTKs. It is also evident that RTKs can sometimes bypass SOCS regulation and SOCS proteins can even potentiate RTKs-mediated mitogenic signaling. Thus, apart from negative regulation of receptor signaling, SOCS proteins may also influence signaling in other ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U. Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat N. Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Amilcar Flores-Morales
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Identification of SOCS2 and SOCS6 as biomarkers in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:726-35. [PMID: 25025962 PMCID: PMC4134506 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past years, some members of the family of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins have emerged as potential tumour suppressors. This study aimed at investigating the clinical significance of SOCS proteins in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). METHODS We integrated publicly available microarray expression data on CRC in humans, analysed the expression pattern of SOCSs and assessed the predictive power of SOCS2 and SOCS6 for diagnostic purposes by generating receiver operating characteristic curves. Using laser microdissected patient material we assessed SOCS expression on RNA and protein levels as well as their methylation status in an independent CRC patient cohort. Finally, we investigated the prognostic value of SOCS2 and SOCS6. RESULTS The meta-analysis as well as the independent patient cohort analysis reveal a stage-independent downregulation of SOCS2 and SOCS6 and identify both molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. We demonstrate a different methylation pattern within the SOCS2 promoter between tumour tissue and normal control tissue in 25% of CRC patients. Furthermore, early CRC stage patients with low expression of SOCS2 display significantly shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data offers evidence that SOCS2 and SOCS6 levels are reduced in CRC and may serve as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC patients.
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34
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Winham SJ, Armasu SM, Cicek MS, Larson MC, Cunningham JM, Kalli KR, Fridley BL, Goode EL. Genome-wide investigation of regional blood-based DNA methylation adjusted for complete blood counts implicates BNC2 in ovarian cancer. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 38:457-66. [PMID: 24853948 PMCID: PMC4071957 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to its potential as a biomarker for early cancer detection, blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) is of interest in cancer research. Specifically, highly predictive mechanisms for early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are desired, so previous studies have compared DNAm between EOC cases and controls. However, case-control studies are confounded by the distribution of white blood cell types through an immune response induced by the cancer. Rather than determining the distribution of the cell types manually or investigating isolated cell types, an alternative approach involves the use of complete blood count (CBC), which is routinely collected. In the analysis of an EOC case-control study of DNAm, we incorporate CBC measures to adjust for this confounding and compare DNAm between 242 EOC cases and 181 age-matched controls (assayed on the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 or HumanMethylation450 Beadchips), at both the individual CpG and CpG island levels. We found that adjustment for leukocyte distribution using CBC measurements dramatically reduced confounding, with 62 single CpG sites found to be associated with EOC status after adjustment (P < 5E-8). Additionally, regional DNAm was assessed by applying principal components analysis to CpG islands. The top associated CpG island (P = 7E-6) was located in the promoter/transcription start site of the human basonuclin 2 gene (BNC2), a known susceptibility gene for EOC risk identified through GWAS. Follow-up studies are necessary to establish the role of BNC2 in blood-based DNA and EOC, including prospective studies to validate this region as a potential biomarker and predictor of EOC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J. Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN
| | | | - Mine S. Cicek
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN
| | | | | | | | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN
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35
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Hoefer J, Kern J, Ofer P, Eder IE, Schäfer G, Dietrich D, Kristiansen G, Geley S, Rainer J, Gunsilius E, Klocker H, Culig Z, Puhr M. SOCS2 correlates with malignancy and exerts growth-promoting effects in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:175-87. [PMID: 24280133 PMCID: PMC3907181 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling due to an altered expression of endogenous regulators is well recognized in prostate cancer (PCa) and other cancers. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a key regulator of the GH, IGF, and prolactin signaling pathways that have been implicated in carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the expression patterns and functional significance of SOCS2 in PCa. Protein expression analysis employing tissue microarrays from two independent patient cohorts revealed a significantly enhanced expression in tumor tissue compared with benign tissue as well as association with Gleason score and disease progression. In vitro and in vivo assays uncovered the involvement of SOCS2 in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis. Functionally, SOCS2 knockdown inhibited PCa cell proliferation and xenograft growth in a CAM assay. Decreased cell growth after SOCS2 downregulation was associated with cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we proved that SOCS2 expression is significantly elevated upon androgenic stimulation in androgen receptor (AR)-positive cell lines, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for high SOCS2 levels in PCa tissue. Consequently, SOCS2 expression correlated with AR expression in the malignant tissue of patients. On the whole, our study linked increased SOCS2 expression in PCa with a pro-proliferative role in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hoefer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Johann Kern
- Oncotyrol Laboratory for Tumor Biology and AngiogenesisInnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Ofer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Iris E Eder
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | | | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Johannes Rainer
- Division of Molecular PathophysiologyInnsbruck Biocenter Medical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Helmut Klocker
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
| | - Martin Puhr
- Experimental Urology, Department of UrologyInnsbruck Medical UniversityAnichstrasse 35A-6020, InnsbruckAustria
- Correspondence should be addressed to Z Culig or M Puhr Emails: or
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36
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Chan SC, Dehm SM. Constitutive activity of the androgen receptor. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2014; 70:327-66. [PMID: 24931201 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417197-8.00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the United States. The androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis is central to all stages of PCa pathophysiology and serves as the main target for endocrine-based therapy. The most advanced stage of the disease, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), is presently incurable and accounts for most PCa mortality. In this chapter, we highlight the mechanisms by which the AR signaling axis can bypass endocrine-targeted therapies and drive progression of CRPC. These mechanisms include alterations in growth factor, cytokine, and inflammatory signaling pathways, altered expression or activity of transcriptional coregulators, AR point mutations, and AR gene amplification leading to AR protein overexpression. Additionally, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the synthesis of constitutively active AR splice variants (AR-Vs) lacking the COOH-terminal ligand-binding domain, as well as the role and regulation of AR-Vs in supporting therapeutic resistance in CRPC. Finally, we summarize the ongoing development of inhibitors targeting discrete AR functional domains as well as the status of new biomarkers for monitoring the AR signaling axis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Chiu Chan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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