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Wang K, Yu A, Liu K, Feng C, Hou Y, Chen J, Ma S, Huang L, Dai X. Nano-LYTACs for Degradation of Membrane Proteins and Inhibition of CD24/Siglec-10 Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300288. [PMID: 36866919 PMCID: PMC10161071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are an emerging therapeutic modality that effectively degrade cancer cell membranes and extracellular target proteins. In this study, a nanosphere-based LYTAC degradation system is developed. The amphiphilic peptide-modified N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) can self-assemble into nanospheres with a strong affinity for asialoglycoprotein receptor targets. They can degrade different membranes and extracellular proteins by linking with the relevant antibodies. CD24, a heavily glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein, interacts with Siglec-10 to modulate the tumor immune response. The novel Nanosphere-AntiCD24, synthesized by linking nanospheres with CD24 antibody, accurately regulates the degradation of CD24 protein and partially restores the phagocytic function of macrophages toward tumor cells by blocking the CD24/Siglec-10 signaling pathway. When Nanosphere-AntiCD24 is combined with glucose oxidase, an enzyme promoting the oxidative decomposition of glucose, the combination not only effectively restores the function of macrophages in vitro but also suppresses tumor growth in xenograft mouse models without detectable toxicity to normal tissues. The results indicate that GalNAc-modified nanospheres, as a part of LYTACs, can be successfully internalized and are an effective drug-loading platform and a modular degradation strategy for the lysosomal degradation of cell membrane and extracellular proteins, which can be broadly applied in the fields of biochemistry and tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Albert Yu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Yibo Hou
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Laiqiang Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Xiaoyong Dai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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Xuan SH, Hua ML, Xiang Z, He XL, Huang L, Jiang C, Dong P, Wu J. Roles of cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:209-220. [PMID: 37181004 PMCID: PMC10173810 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main cause of tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. Recently, CSCs have been extensively studied to identify CSC-specific surface markers as well as signaling pathways that play key roles in CSCs self-renewal. The involvement of CSCs in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers also highlights these cells as a priority target for therapy. The diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of GI cancer have always been a focus of attention. Therefore, the potential application of CSCs in GI cancers is receiving increasing attention. This review summarizes the role of CSCs in GI cancers, focusing on esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In addition, we propose CSCs as potential targets and therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers, which may provide better guidance for clinical treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Dongtai City, Dongtai 224299, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng-Lu Hua
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lin He
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
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The Elevated Circ_0067835 Could Accelerate Cell Proliferation and Metastasis via miR-1236-3p/Twist2 Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2825172. [PMID: 36262967 PMCID: PMC9576392 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2825172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with leading mortality worldwide. Circ_0067835 is a circRNA which plays an important role in various kinds of tumor, while the potential functions of circ_0067835 in HCC remains unclear. In this study, our results of microarray and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) showed that it was obviously elevated in human HCC tumor tissues and HCC cell lines. Inhibition of circ_0067835 restrained cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Furthermore, miR-1236-3p was decreased in tumor samples, and it was indicated to be a target of circ_0067835. Moreover, Twist2 was established to be elevated in HCC tissues, and we identified it as the direct target of miR-1236-3p. Finally, we found that knockdown of miR-1236-3p could reverse the circ_0067835 inhibition effects in HCC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that circ_0067835 contributed to promoting hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis through downregulating miR-1236-3p expression and then elevating Twist2 expression, which might provide a new vision for HCC patients.
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Haddock S, Alban TJ, Turcan Ş, Husic H, Rosiek E, Ma X, Wang Y, Bale T, Desrichard A, Makarov V, Monette S, Wu W, Gardner R, Manova K, Boire A, Chan TA. Phenotypic and molecular states of IDH1 mutation-induced CD24-positive glioma stem-like cells. Neoplasia 2022; 28:100790. [PMID: 35398668 PMCID: PMC9014446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 drive the development of gliomas. These genetic alterations promote tumor cell renewal, disrupt differentiation states, and induce stem-like properties. Understanding how this phenotypic reprogramming occurs remains an area of high interest in glioma research. Previously, we showed that IDH mutation results in the development of a CD24-positive cell population in gliomas. Here, we demonstrate that this CD24-positive population possesses striking stem-like properties at the molecular and phenotypic levels. We found that CD24 expression is associated with stem-like features in IDH-mutant tumors, a patient-derived gliomasphere model, and a neural stem cell model of IDH1-mutant glioma. In orthotopic models, CD24-positive cells display enhanced tumor initiating potency compared to CD24-negative cells. Furthermore, CD24 knockdown results in changes in cell viability, proliferation rate, and gene expression that closely resemble a CD24-negative phenotype. Our data demonstrate that induction of a CD24-positive population is one mechanism by which IDH-mutant tumors acquire stem-like properties. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Wang R, Fan H, Sun M, Lv Z, Yi W. Roles of BMI1 in the Initiation, Progression, and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338211070689. [PMID: 35072573 PMCID: PMC8793120 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer has high rates of morbidity and mortality, and its treatment is a global health challenge. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of all primary liver cancer cases. B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1) has been identified as a proto-oncogene, which contributes to the initiation and progression of many malignant tumors. BMI1 expression is upregulated in HCC, and it influences the occurrence and development of HCC by various mechanisms, such as the INK4a/ARF locus, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In addition, the expression of BMI1 is related to prognosis and recurrence of HCC. Hence, there is clear evidence that BMI1 is a novel and valid therapeutic target for HCC. Accordingly, the development of therapeutic strategies targeting BMI1 has been a focus of recent research, providing new directions for HCC treatment. This review summarizes the role of BMI1 in the occurrence and treatment of HCC, which will provide a basis for using BMI1 as a potential target for the development of therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- 278245Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengwei Fan
- 535219The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Sun
- 278245Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- 278245Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanwan Yi
- 278245Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Arman T, Baron JA, Lynch KD, White LA, Aldan J, Clarke JD. MCLR-elicited hepatic fibrosis and carcinogenic gene expression changes persist in rats with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through a 4-week recovery period. Toxicology 2021; 464:153021. [PMID: 34740672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) causes liver extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and is a risk factor for fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is a hepatotoxin produced by fresh-water cyanobacteria that causes a NASH-like phenotype, liver fibrosis, and is also a risk factor for HCC. The focus of the current study was to investigate and compare hepatic recovery after cessation of MCLR exposure in healthy versus NASH animals. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control or a high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) diet for eight weeks. Animals received either vehicle or 30 μg/kg MCLR (i.p: 2 weeks, alternate days). Animals were euthanized at one of three time points: at the completion of the MCLR exposure period and after 2 and 4 weeks of recovery. Histological staining suggested that after four weeks of recovery the MCLR-exposed HFHC group had less steatosis and more fibrosis compared to the vehicle-exposed HFHC group and MCLR-exposed control group. RNA-Seq analysis revealed dysregulation of ECM genes after MCLR exposure in both control and HFHC groups that persisted only in the HFHC groups during recovery. After 4 weeks of recovery, MCLR hepatotoxicity in pre-existing NASH persistently dysregulated genes related to cellular differentiation and HCC. These data demonstrate impaired hepatic recovery and persistent carcinogenic changes after MCLR toxicity in pre-existing NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Arman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, United States
| | - J Allen Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, United States
| | - Katherine D Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, United States
| | - Laura A White
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States
| | - Johnny Aldan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, United States
| | - John D Clarke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, United States.
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Gu H, Yan C, Wan H, Wu L, Liu J, Zhu Z, Gao D. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes block malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells through a lncRNA C5orf66-AS1/microRNA-127-3p/DUSP1/ERK axis. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1812-1829. [PMID: 34431063 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)-derived exosomes have been frequently used as useful tools in disease control. This research aimed to study the function of MSC-derived exosomes (Exo) in the stemness of cancer stem cells (CSCs) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular mechanism. Exo from the procured human bone marrow-MSCs were extracted and identified. CSCs from HCC cell lines were collected. The CSCs were treated with Exo, and then the proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis-stimulating and self-renewal abilities of the Hep3B-CSCs and HuH7-CSCs were significantly reduced. C5orf66-AS1 was found as the most upregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CSCs after Exo treatment. The integrated bioinformatic analyses and luciferase assays suggested that C5orf66-AS1 upregulated DUSP1 expression through sequestering microRNA-127-3p (miR-127-3p). Either artificial overexpression of miR-127-3p or silencing of DUSP1 blocked the inhibitory functions of Exo in the CSCs. DUSP1 inhibition increased the phosphorylation of ERK. Similar results were reproduced in vivo where Exo reduced the growth of xenograft formed by CSCs in nude mice, and this reduction was blocked upon miR-127-3p overexpression or DUSP1 silencing. To conclude, this research reported that MSC-derived Exo block malignant behaviors of HCC-sourced CSCs through a C5orf66-AS1/miR-127-3p/DUSP1/ERK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Department of Liver·Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Liver·Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazhi Gao
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, No. 305, East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Ni YH, Zhao X, Wang W. CD24, A Review of its Role in Tumor Diagnosis, Progression and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 20:109-126. [PMID: 32576128 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200623170738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD24, is a mucin-like GPI-anchored molecules. By immunohistochemistry, it is widely detected in many solid tumors, such as breast cancers, genital system cancers, digestive system cancers, neural system cancers and so on. The functional roles of CD24 are either fulfilled by combination with ligands or participate in signal transduction, which mediate the initiation and progression of neoplasms. However, the character of CD24 remains to be intriguing because there are still opposite voices about the impact of CD24 on tumors. In preclinical studies, CD24 target therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, target silencing by RNA interference and immunotherapy, have shown us brighten futures on the anti-tumor application. Nevertheless, evidences based on clinical studies are urgently needed. Here, with expectancy to spark new ideas, we summarize the relevant studies about CD24 from a tumor perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hong Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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Song Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, You Z, Hu T, Shao G, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Yu X. TWIST2 inhibits EMT and induces oxidative stress in lung cancer cells by regulating the FGF21-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112661. [PMID: 34044016 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Twist related protein 2 (TWIST2) plays an important role in bone development, tumorigenesis, tumour progression and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). At present, there are few reports about the role of TWIST2 in lung cancer, which need to be further explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role and molecular mechanism of TWIST2 in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. The expression of TWIST2 in tissues of patients and cell lines was measured using RT-qPCR and western blotting. MTT and CCK8 assays were used to detect cell proliferation and viability. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of EMT-related proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Slug. The results revealed that TWIST2 is lowly expressed in the tissues of lung cancer patients and cell lines. Further studies found that overexpression of TWIST2 significantly induced apoptosis and promoted the expression of E-cadherin, as well as inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Slug. More importantly, TWIST2 induced oxidative stress in lung cancer cells. In addition, TWIST2 regulated the FGF21 and AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway, which is involved in the molecular mechanism of the gene in lung cancer cells. We suggest that the mechanism of TWIST2 inhibition of the progression of lung cancer is by regulating the FGF21-mediated AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuxu Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Hai Yang City, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolei You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Hai Yang City, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Koshkin SA, Anatskaya OV, Vinogradov AE, Uversky VN, Dayhoff GW, Bystriakova MA, Pospelov VA, Tolkunova EN. Isolation and Characterization of Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Stem-Like Cells Based on the Endogenous Expression of the Stem Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4682. [PMID: 33925224 PMCID: PMC8124683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells' (CSCs) self-maintenance is regulated via the pluripotency pathways promoting the most aggressive tumor phenotype. This study aimed to use the activity of these pathways for the CSCs' subpopulation enrichment and separating cells characterized by the OCT4 and SOX2 expression. METHODS To select and analyze CSCs, we used the SORE6x lentiviral reporter plasmid for viral transduction of colon adenocarcinoma cells. Additionally, we assessed cell chemoresistance, clonogenic, invasive and migratory activity and the data of mRNA-seq and intrinsic disorder predisposition protein analysis (IDPPA). RESULTS We obtained the line of CSC-like cells selected on the basis of the expression of the OCT4 and SOX2 stem cell factors. The enriched CSC-like subpopulation had increased chemoresistance as well as clonogenic and migration activities. The bioinformatic analysis of mRNA seq data identified the up-regulation of pluripotency, development, drug resistance and phototransduction pathways, and the downregulation of pathways related to proliferation, cell cycle, aging, and differentiation. IDPPA indicated that CSC-like cells are predisposed to increased intrinsic protein disorder. CONCLUSION The use of the SORE6x reporter construct for CSCs enrichment allows us to obtain CSC-like population that can be used as a model to search for the new prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Koshkin
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Olga V. Anatskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Alexander E. Vinogradov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Guy W. Dayhoff
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Margarita A. Bystriakova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Valery A. Pospelov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
| | - Elena N. Tolkunova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, 194064 St-Petersburg, Russia; (M.A.B.); (V.A.P.)
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Tsuchiya H, Shiota G. Clinical and Biological Implications of Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Yonago Acta Med 2021; 64:1-11. [PMID: 33642898 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, the development of therapeutic drugs via novel mechanisms of action, involving molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, has progressed in the field of HCC. However, the recurrence rate remains high, and further improvement of the prognosis of patients with HCC is urgently needed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a promising target for further development of novel anti-cancer drugs because they are reportedly involved in tumor initiation, maintenance, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapies. Although several studies have already been conducted, the functions and roles of CSCs in the development and progression of tumors remain to be elucidated. In this review article, we will clarify the fundamental knowledge of CSCs necessary for the understanding of CSCs and will outline so-far identified markers specific to liver CSCs and the pathological and therapeutic implications of CSCs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Goshi Shiota
- Division of Medical Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genomic Medicine and Regenerative Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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12
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Deng Y, Li M, Zhuo M, Guo P, Chen Q, Mo P, Li W, Yu C. Histone demethylase JMJD2D promotes the self-renewal of liver cancer stem-like cells by enhancing EpCAM and Sox9 expression. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100121. [PMID: 33434575 PMCID: PMC7948496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) contribute to the high rate of tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. Histone lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D or JMJD2D) is highly expressed in colon and liver tumors, where it promotes cancer progression; however, the role of JMJD2D in CSCs remains unclear. Here, we show that JMJD2D expression was increased in liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs); downregulation of JMJD2D inhibited the self-renewal of LCSCs in vitro and in vivo and inhibited the lung metastasis of LCSCs by reducing the survival and the early lung seeding of circulating LCSCs. Mechanistically, JMJD2D promoted LCSC self-renewal by enhancing the expression of CSC markers EpCAM and Sox9; JMJD2D reduced H3K9me3 levels on the promoters of EpCAM and Sox9 to enhance their transcription via interaction with β-catenin/TCF4 and Notch1 intracellular domain, respectively. Restoration of EpCAM and Sox9 expression in JMJD2D-knockdown liver cancer cells rescued the self-renewal of LCSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of JMJD2D using 5-c-8HQ reduced the self-renewal of LCSCs and liver cancer progression. Collectively, our findings suggest that JMJD2D promotes LCSC self-renewal by enhancing EpCAM and Sox9 expression via Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways and is a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China
| | - Minghui Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingli Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China.
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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13
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Wang TW, Chern E, Hsu CW, Tseng KC, Chao HM. SIRT1-Mediated Expression of CD24 and Epigenetic Suppression of Novel Tumor Suppressor miR-1185-1 Increases Colorectal Cancer Stemness. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5257-5269. [PMID: 33046442 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that positively regulates cancer-related pathways such as proliferation and stress resistance. SIRT1 has been shown to promote progression of colorectal cancer and is associated with cancer stemness, yet the precise mechanism between colorectal cancer stemness and SIRT1 remains to be further clarified. Here we report that SIRT1 signaling regulates colorectal cancer stemness by enhancing expression of CD24, a colorectal cancer stemness promoter. A novel miRNA, miR-1185-1, suppressed the expression of CD24 by targeting its 3'UTR (untranslated region) and could be inhibited by SIRT1 via histone deacetylation. Targeting SIRT1 by RNAi led to elevated H3 lysine 9 acetylation on the promoter region of miR-1185-1, which increased expression of miR-1185-1 and further repressed CD24 translation and colorectal cancer stemness. In a mouse xenograft model, overexpression of miR-1185-1 in colorectal cancer cells substantially reduced tumor growth. In addition, expression of miR-1185-1 was downregulated in human colorectal cancer tissues, whereas expression of CD24 was increased. In conclusion, this study not only demonstrates the essential roles of a SIRT1-miR-1185-1-CD24 axis in both colorectal cancer stemness properties and tumorigenesis but provides a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel tumor suppressor miR-1185-1 is involved in molecular regulation of CD24- and SIRT1-related cancer stemness networks, marking it a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/23/5257/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Wei Wang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Hsu
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Chao
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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14
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Hassan M, Aboushousha T, El-Ahwany E, Khalil HK, Montasser AY, Abu-Taleb H, El-Talkawy MD, Zoheiry M. Impact of E-cadherin and its transcription regulators on assessing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2020; 67:175-182. [PMID: 32677416 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis are still poorly recognized. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of chronic HCV infection on the expression of the major regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) including E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist2, in the Egyptian population. This will help to design more efficient strategies to treat HCV-associated cirrhosis and carcinoma. METHODS Fifty-nine liver biopsies from patients, that were serologically proven to be HCV positive, were included in the current study. Histopathological examination was done. Grading of hepatitis activity (A) and staging of fibrosis (F) were assessed using the METAVIR Scoring System. Additionally, an immunohistochemical examination of E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist2 expression was performed. RESULTS E-cadherin showed a significant progressive decline of its expression with increased fibrosis staging and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In contrast, Snail and Slug expression was positively associated with the stage of fibrosis and HCC. Meanwhile, Twist2 expression was not affected by the degree of hepatitis activity, the stage of fibrosis, or by the development of HCC. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin and its transcriptional regulators; Snail and Slug may serve as indicators for assessing the stage of fibrosis and the progression of HCC associated with HCV infection but not for assessing the degree of hepatitis activity. Therefore, the Snail family could be a promising target for designing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for chronic HCV infection and its serious comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt -
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba K Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Montasser
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Abu-Taleb
- Department of Environmental Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed D El-Talkawy
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Zoheiry
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Liu G, Li Q. Cancer Stem Cells: A Potential Breakthrough in HCC-Targeted Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:198. [PMID: 32210805 PMCID: PMC7068598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cells with stem cell characteristics that produce both cancerous and non-tumorigenic cells in tumor tissues. The literature reports that CSCs are closely related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and promote the malignant features of HCC such as high invasion, drug resistance, easy recurrence, easy metastasis, and poor prognosis. This review discusses the origin, molecular, and biological features, functions, and applications of CSCs in HCC in recent years; the goal is to clarify the importance of CSCs in treatment and explore their potential value in HCC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jigang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heming Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaolin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Liu D, Xing HR, Liu Y, Sun Z, Ye T, Li J, Wang J. Asymmetric Division Gene Neurl2 Mediates Twist2 Regulation of Self-Renewal of Mouse Lewis Lung Cancer Stem Cells. J Cancer 2019; 10:3381-3388. [PMID: 31293641 PMCID: PMC6603408 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor development. While Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has been shown to promote CSC self-renewal, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we identified and characterized the requirement of twist2, the EMT transcription factor, for the regulation of self-renewal thus stemness of mouse Lewis lung CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we elucidated the role of neurl2, an asymmetric division gene for normal stem cells, in mediating the self-renewal promoting activity of twist2. Moreover, analysis of TCGA showed a positive correlation between the expression of twist2 and the development of lung adenocarcinoma, and a negative correlation between neurl2 and lung adenocarcinoma development. In summary, our study provides a new mechanistic insight of regulation of CSC self-renewal by EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Rosie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Li L, Chen J, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Tian H, Li J, Li H. CD24 isoform a promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion and is downregulated by EGR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1705-1716. [PMID: 30881025 PMCID: PMC6400134 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s196506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD24 is known as a heavily glycosylated cell surface molecule that is highly expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies. Previous studies have shown that CD24 plays an important role in self-renewal, proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about the expression and function of CD24 isoform a (CD24A) and CD24 isoform b (CD24B) in HCC. Materials and methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect CD24 and EGR1 expression in HCC cells and tissue. The function of CD24 in cell proliferation was verified with MTT assays, colony formation assays and tumor xenograft models. Wound healing assays and invasion assays were performed to clarify the function of CD24 in the regulation of cell migration and invasion in HCC. A dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to analyze the regulation mechanism of CD24A. Results CD24A but not CD24B, which was barely detected by qPCR and Western blotting, is significantly upregulated in HCC tissue. Both CD24A and CD24B contribute to HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but CD24A is more effective than CD24B. EGR1 downregulates CD24A and exerts transcription-promoting activity on the CD24A promoter. Furthermore, EGR1 represses HCC cell proliferation via downregulation of CD24A. Conclusion CD24A is the predominant CD24 isoform in HCC and plays a major role in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. EGR1 can exert its antitumor effect through transcriptional downregulation of CD24A in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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18
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Li N, Zhu Y. Targeting liver cancer stem cells for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2019; 12:1756284818821560. [PMID: 30719075 PMCID: PMC6348509 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818821560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and prognosis remains poor. It has been increasingly recognized that liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are responsible for the carcinogenesis, recurrence, metastasis and chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting LCSCs is promising to be a new direction for the treatment of HCC. Herein, we summarize the potentially therapeutic targets in LCSCs at the level of genes, molecules and cells, such as knockout of oncogenes or oncoproteins, restoring the silent tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of the transcription factors and regulation of noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) in LCSCs at the genetic level; inhibition of markers and blockade of the key signaling pathways of LCSCs at the molecular level; and inhibiting autophagy and application of oncolytic adenoviruses in LCSCs at the cellular level. Moreover, we analyze the potential targets in LCSCs to eliminate chemoresistance of HCC. Thereinto, the suppression of autophagy and Nanog by chloroquine and shRNA respectively may be the most promising targeting approaches. These targets may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCC by targeting LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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19
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Gou J, Hu T, Li L, Xue L, Zhao X, Yi T, Li Z. Role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulated by twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2 (Twist2) in embryo implantation in mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:932-940. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we found the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, including E-cadherin and N-cadherin, was significantly altered in uterine endometrium during embryo implantation via regulation by microRNA (miRNA)-429 and protocadherin-8 (Pcdh8). As a natural continuation of the previous study, the aim of the present study was to explore the role of EMT during embryo implantation and the potential activity of twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 2 (Twist2) in regulating embryo implantation. A pregnancy model was established by naturally mating adult female ICR mice with fertile males. A pseudopregnancy model was established by mating fertile female ICR mice with vasectomised males. An invitro model of embryo implantation was established by the coculture of Ishikawa and JAR spheroids. Endometrial tissue during the peri-implantation period was collected, as were Ishikawa cells, JAR cells and cocultured cells. The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and cytokeratin) and Twist2 was detected invivo and invitro using the western blot analysis during embryo implantation. The expression of N-cadherin and vimentin (mesenchymal markers) was upregulated in the invitro implantation model, with downregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratin (epithelial markers) expression. The expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Twist2 increased significantly at the implantation sites at the time of implantation (Day 5), whereas the expression of E-cadherin and cytokeratin decreased. Location of Twist2 during embryo implantation was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which revealed that it was extensively expressed in endometrial glandular epithelium and luminal epithelium at implantation sites on Day 5. The effect of the expression of Twist2 on embryo implantation was evaluated by suppressing Twist2 using Twist2-short interference (si) RNA in invivo and invitro models. The numbers of implanted embryos and the implantation rate were compared invivo and invitro. Western blot analysis showed that suppression of Twist2 led to upregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratin, accompanied by downregulation of N-cadherin and vimentin (P<0.05). The number of implanted embryos after Twist2-siRNA interference was lower than in normal pregnancy (mean (±s.d.) 2.4±0.5 vs 6.8±1.3 respectively; P<0.05). These findings suggest the involvement of EMT in embryo implantation. The suppression of Twist2 could suppress embryo implantation by regulating EMT.
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20
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Machairas N, Tsilimigras DI, Moris D. CD24 as a Novel Predictive Biomarker in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Friend or Foe? J INVEST SURG 2018; 33:542-543. [PMID: 30574819 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1538399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Machairas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis I Tsilimigras
- 3rd Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Wang N, Wang S, Li MY, Hu BG, Liu LP, Yang SL, Yang S, Gong Z, Lai PBS, Chen GG. Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and promising therapeutic strategies. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2018; 10:1758835918816287. [PMID: 30622654 PMCID: PMC6304707 DOI: 10.1177/1758835918816287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor clinical outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is ascribed to the resistance of HCC cells to traditional treatments and tumor recurrence after curative therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a small subset of cancer cells which have high capacity for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Recent advances in the field of liver CSCs (LCSCs) have enabled the identification of CSC surface markers and the isolation of CSC subpopulations from HCC cells. Given their central role in cancer initiation, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance, LCSCs constitute a therapeutic opportunity to achieve cure and prevent relapse of HCC. Thus, it is necessary to develop therapeutic strategies to selectively and efficiently target LCSCs. Small molecular inhibitors targeting the core stemness signaling pathways have been actively pursued and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Other alternative therapeutic strategies include targeting LCSC surface markers, interrupting the CSC microenvironment, and altering the epigenetic state. In this review, we summarize the properties of CSCs in HCC and discuss novel therapeutic strategies that can be used to target LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck
Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of
Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong,
China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-guang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The
Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong,
China
| | - Li-ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas
Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen
People’s Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical
College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan
District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province,
China
| | - Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of
Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR,
China
| | - Paul B. S. Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - George G. Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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22
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote the stemness of CD24 + liver cells via paracrine signaling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 97:243-255. [PMID: 30564864 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which support tumor progress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in fibrotic or cirrhotic livers, are regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major component of the tumor stroma in HCC; however, the mechanisms by which CAFs contribute to stemness maintenance remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the expression of CD24 was high in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal liver tissues, and positively correlated with the poor prognosis and α-SMA expression in CAFs. CD24+ cells isolated from HCC cell lines exhibited stemness properties of self-renewal, chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and tumorigenicity in NOD/SCID mice. Moreover, CAF-derived HGF and IL6 enhanced the stemness properties of CD24+ cells via activating STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation. Blockade of HGF/c-Met or IL6/IL6R signaling significantly abolished the effect of CAFs on stemness properties, which compromised the activation of STAT3 pathway in CD24+ cells. Meanwhile, knockdown of STAT3 in CD24+ cells notably attenuated CAF-induced stemness characteristics of CD24+ cells. Furthermore, in HCC patients, higher expression of phospho-STAT3 was also demonstrated to be positively correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In summary, HGF and IL6 secreted by CAFs promoted the stemness properties of CD24+ cells through the phosphorylation of STAT3 signaling, and targeting the paracrine pathways may provide a new therapeutic strategy for HCC. KEY MESSAGES: CD24, identified as a marker for HCC CSCs, was positively correlated with the poor prognosis and α-SMA expression in CAFs. CAFs promoted self-renewal, chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and tumorigenicity of CD24+ HCC cells. HGF and IL6 secreted by CAFs promoted the stemness properties of CD24+ HCC cells through the phosphorylation of STAT3.
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23
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Wang J, Zhou T, Sun Z, Ye T, Zhou S, Li J, Liu Y, Kong L, Tang J, Liu D, Xing H. Zeb1 Regulates the Symmetric Division of Mouse Lewis Lung Carcinoma Stem Cells through Numb mediated by miR-31. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1399-1410. [PMID: 30262992 PMCID: PMC6158737 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetric cell division (SD) and asymmetric cell division (ASD) were the unique characteristics of stem cells and the mechanisms underlying stem cell renewal. While recent studies have identified the presence of SD and ASD in lung cancer stem cells (CSCs), the mechanisms regulating SD and ASD in cancer state have not been elucidated, mostly due to the lack of stable cellular models of SD and ASD in CSC research. In this study, the interaction between Zeb1, an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) factor shown to regulate CSCs self-renew, and Numb, which regulates SD and ASD in the normal neural stem cell was investigated using the stable mouse Lewis lung adenocarcinoma SD (LLC-SD) and ASD (LLC-ASD) lines established from our previous study. The most significant finding derived from this line of research is that we have identified and molecularly ordered the axis of Zeb1-miR-31-Numb that regulates the SD, a mechanism of CSC self-renewal that has not been previously described. More specifically, the expression of Zeb1 and Numb were both significantly higher in LLC-SD than LLC-ASD cells. Silencing of Zeb1 or Numb expression lead to decreased ratio of SD and weakened single-cell cloning formation, tumor growth and tumor metastasis, respectively. The rescure experiments have molecularly ordered the regulation of Numb by Zeb1, indirectly mediated by miR-31. Moreover, we also provided preliminary evidence supporting the clinical relevance of our finding. In summary, our study provides a new insight for the self-renew of lung CSCs in which SD is regulated by the axis of Zeb1-miR-31-Numb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The affiliated Hospital of Southwest medical university
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixia Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangsheng Kong
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin Tang
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Doudou Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H.Rosie Xing
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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24
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Bowers LW, Rossi EL, McDonell SB, Doerstling SS, Khatib SA, Lineberger CG, Albright JE, Tang X, deGraffenried LA, Hursting SD. Leptin Signaling Mediates Obesity-Associated CSC Enrichment and EMT in Preclinical TNBC Models. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:869-879. [PMID: 29453319 PMCID: PMC5967653 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Preclinical models of TNBC were used to test the hypothesis that increased leptin signaling drives obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic mice, which develop spontaneous basal-like, triple-negative mammary tumors, received either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or a diet-induced obesity regimen (DIO, 60% kcal from fat) for up to 42 weeks (n = 15/group). Mice were monitored for tumor development and euthanized when tumor diameter reached 1.5 cm. Tumoral gene expression was assessed via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). DIO mice had greater body weight and percent body fat at termination than controls. DIO mice, versus controls, demonstrated reduced survival, increased systemic metabolic and inflammatory perturbations, upregulated tumoral CSC/EMT gene signature, elevated tumoral aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (a CSC marker), and greater leptin signaling. In cell culture experiments using TNBC cells (murine: E-Wnt and M-Wnt; human: MDA-MB-231), leptin enhanced mammosphere formation, and media supplemented with serum from DIO versus control mice increased cell viability, migration, invasion, and CSC- and EMT-related gene expression, including Foxc2, Twist2, Vim, Akt3, and Sox2 In E-Wnt cells, knockdown of leptin receptor ablated these procancer effects induced by DIO mouse serum. These findings indicate that increased leptin signaling is causally linked to obesity-associated TNBC development by promoting CSC enrichment and EMT.Implications: Leptin-associated signals impacting CSC and EMT may provide new targets and intervention strategies for decreasing TNBC burden in obese women. Mol Cancer Res; 16(5); 869-79. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shannon B McDonell
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Claire G Lineberger
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jody E Albright
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohu Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | | | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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25
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Deng X, Apple S, Zhao H, Song J, Lee M, Luo W, Wu X, Chung D, Pietras RJ, Chang HR. CD24 Expression and differential resistance to chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38294-38308. [PMID: 28418843 PMCID: PMC5503533 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Adjuvant systemic chemotherapies are effective in reducing risks of recurrence and have contributed to reduced BC mortality. Although targeted adjuvant treatments determined by biomarkers for endocrine and HER2-directed therapies are largely successful, predicting clinical benefit from chemotherapy is more challenging. Drug resistance is a major reason for treatment failures. Efforts are ongoing to find biomarkers to select patients most likely to benefit from chemotherapy. Importantly, cell surface biomarkers CD44+/CD24- are linked to drug resistance in some reports, yet underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study focused on the potential role of CD24 expression in resistance to either docetaxel or doxorubicin in part by the use of triple-negative BC (TNBC) tissue microarrays. In vitro assays were also done to assess changes in CD24 expression and differential drug susceptibility after chemotherapy. Further, mouse tumor xenograft studies were done to confirm in vitro findings. Overall, the results show that patients with CD24-positive TNBC had significantly worse overall survival and disease-free survival after taxane-based treatment. Also, in vitro cell studies show that CD44+/CD24+/high cells are more resistant to docetaxel, while CD44+/CD24-/low cells are resistant to doxorubicin. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that cells with CD24-knockdown are more sensitive to docetaxel, while CD24-overexpressing cells are more sensitive to doxorubicin. Further, mechanistic studies indicate that Bcl-2 and TGF-βR1 signaling via ATM-NDRG2 pathways regulate CD24. Hence, CD24 may be a biomarker to select chemotherapeutics and a target to overcome TNBC drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Deng
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
| | - Sophia Apple
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jeongyoon Song
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA.,Department of Surgery, East-West Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02447 South Korea
| | - Minna Lee
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
| | - William Luo
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
| | - Xiancheng Wu
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
| | - Debra Chung
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
| | - Richard J Pietras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1678, USA
| | - Helena R Chang
- Gonda, UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory and Revlon, UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7028, USA
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26
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Wang D, Xiang T, Zhao Z, Lin K, Yin P, Jiang L, Liang Z, Zhu B. Autocrine interleukin-23 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76006-76020. [PMID: 27738346 PMCID: PMC5342794 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a group of cells which possess the ability of self-renewing and unlimited proliferation. And these CSCs are thought to be the cause of metastasis, recurrence and resistance. Recent study has found that pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemotactic factor mediate the self-renewing and differentiation of most of CSCs. Thus we speculate that ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) can also maintain the ability of self-renewing and differentiation by releasing inflammatory factor. This report we discuss the biological characteristics and the specific molecular mechanism mediated by interleukin-23 (IL-23) and its receptor on the self-renewing of OCSCs. We found that OCSCs had high expression of IL-23 and IL-23R. IL-23 could promote the self-renewal ability of OCSCs and played a very important role to maintain the stable expression of stem cell markers in vitro. Moreover, we verified that IL-23 could maintain the potential tumorigenic of OCSCs in vivo and mediate the self-renewal ability and the formation of tumor in OCSCs by activating the signal pathways of STAT3 and NF-κB. In addition, human low differentiation tissues showed overexpression of IL-23. And IL-23 positively correlated to the expression level of CD133, Nanog and Oct4. In conclusion, Our discoveries demonstrate that autocrine IL-23 contribute to ovarian cancer malignancy through promoting the self-renewal of CD133+ ovarian cancer stem-like cells, and this suggests that IL-23 and its signaling pathway might serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tong Xiang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.,Department of Oncology, No. 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510318, China
| | - Zhongquan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Kailong Lin
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Pin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiqing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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27
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MicroRNA-873 inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting ELK1 and STRN4. Oncotarget 2018; 10:4192-4204. [PMID: 31289617 PMCID: PMC6609243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that directly bind to the 3ʹ-untranslated-region (3ʹUTR) of mRNA, thereby blocking gene expression post-transcriptionally. Accumulating evidence prove that microRNA-873 (miR-873) functions as a promoter or suppressor in various cancers, while whether it affects the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is yet unknown. Here we found that miR-873 was downregulated in human CRC clinical samples, mouse CRC specimens and cell lines with high metastatic potential. We also demonstrated that low miR-873 expression was closely associated with poor prognosis of CRC. Overexpressing miR-873 suppressed proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo, while inhibiting miR-873 expression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, miR-873 exerted its function by perturbing the ERK-CyclinD1 pathway and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Furthermore, we revealed that miR-873 acted as a tumor-suppressive microRNA by directly binding to the 3ʹUTRs of ELK1 and STRN4 and suppressed their expression. Our study uncovered an inhibitory role of miR-873 in CRC progression and might provide a promising marker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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28
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Wei WF, Zhou CF, Wu XG, He LN, Wu LF, Chen XJ, Yan RM, Zhong M, Yu YH, Liang L, Wang W. MicroRNA-221-3p, a TWIST2 target, promotes cervical cancer metastasis by directly targeting THBS2. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3220. [PMID: 29242498 PMCID: PMC5870596 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have implicated in the relapse and metastasis of cervical cancer, which is the leading cause of cervical cancer-related mortality. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need further elucidation. Our present study revealed that miR-221-3p is transcriptionally promoted in metastatic cervical cancer tissues compared with non-metastatic cervical cancer tissues. Forced overexpression of miR-221-3p facilitated EMT and promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro and lymphatic metastasis in vivo. Twist homolog 2 (TWIST2) was found to be a key transcription factor binding to the promoter of miR-221-3p. Inhibitors of miR-221-3p drastically reduced the induction of EMT and decreased cell migration and invasion mediated by TWIST2. By combined computational and experimental approaches, THBS2 was recognized to be an important downstream target gene of miR-221-3p. In cervical cancer tissues, especially with lymphatic metastasis, miR-221-3p and TWIST2 were increased and THBS2 was decreased, suggesting that TWIST2 induces miR-221-3p expression and consequently suppresses its direct target THBS2 in lymphatic metastasis CC. Our findings uncover a mechanistic role for miR-221-3p in lymph node metastasis, suggesting that miR-221-3p is upregulated by the transcription factor TWIST2 and downregulates its target THBS2, which may potentially promote lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Fei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Guang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Fang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ming Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of pathology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital/First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Identification of differentially expressed genes regulated by molecular signature in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts by bioinformatics analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:161-183. [PMID: 29063236 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is a severe risk to public health and has adequately convoluted pathogenesis. Therefore, the description of key molecular markers and pathways is of much importance for clarifying the molecular mechanism of breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression. Breast cancer-associated fibroblasts gene expression dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. METHODS A total of nine samples, including three normal fibroblasts, three granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and three cancer-associated fibroblasts samples, were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal fibroblasts, granulin-stimulated fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts samples. The gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed by NetworkAnalyst software. RESULTS Totally, 190 DEGs were identified, including 66 up-regulated and 124 down-regulated genes. GO analysis results showed that up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes (BP), including cell-cell signalling and negative regulation of cell proliferation; molecular function (MF), including insulin-like growth factor II binding and insulin-like growth factor I binding; cellular component (CC), including insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex and integral component of plasma membrane; the down-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in BP, including cell adhesion and extracellular matrix organization; MF, including N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase activity and calcium ion binding; CC, including extracellular space and extracellular matrix. WIKIPATHWAYS analysis showed the up-regulated DEGs were enriched in myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways. WIKIPATHWAYS, REACTOME, PID_NCI and KEGG pathway analysis showed the down-regulated DEGs were enriched endochondral ossification, TGF beta signalling pathway, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interactions, malaria and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulphate. The top 5 up-regulated hub genes, CDKN2A, MME, PBX1, IGFBP3, and TFAP2C and top 5 down-regulated hub genes VCAM1, KRT18, TGM2, ACTA2, and STAMBP were identified from the PPI network, and subnetworks revealed these genes were involved in significant pathways, including myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways, integrin cell surface interactions, beta1 integrin cell surface interaction. Besides, the target hsa-mirs for DEGs were identified. hsa-mir-759, hsa-mir-4446-5p, hsa-mir-219a-1-3p and hsa-mir-26a-5p were important miRNAs in this study. CONCLUSIONS We pinpoint important key genes and pathways closely related with breast cancer-associated fibroblasts initiation and progression by a series of bioinformatics analysis on DEGs. These screened genes and pathways provided for a more detailed molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer-associated fibroblasts occurrence and progression, holding promise for acting as molecular markers and probable therapeutic targets.
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30
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Zhu Y, Zhang W, Wang P. Smoking and gender modify the effect of TWIST on patient survival in head and neck squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85816-85827. [PMID: 29156759 PMCID: PMC5689649 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TWIST is a critical factor for predicting prognosis in several human cancers. Here, we study the prognostic significance of TWIST1 and TWIST2 in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as interactions of TWISTs with both gender and smoking in patient survival. METHODS upper quartile normalized RNA-seq V2 RSEM values of TWIST1 and TWIST2 expressions were retrieved from a TCGA HNSCC dataset. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess the associations of TWIST1 and TWIST2 with patient survival, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazards ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Survival analyses showed that high TWIST1 expression was associated with a poor overall survival at a borderline significance level, while a superior but not statistically significant overall survival was observed in high TWIST2 expression. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a significantly elevated risk of death (HR=1.37, p = 0.038) in patients with high TWIST1 compared to low TWIST1, and a borderline significantly decreased risk of death (HR = 0.74, p = 0.055) in patients with high TWIST2 compared to low TWIST2. Further stratification analyses showed that increased risks of death were found significantly in male and borderline significantly in smoker patients with high TWIST1 compared to low one, and a significantly decreased risk of death in non-smoker patients with high TWIST2 compared to low one. CONCLUSIONS TWIST1 and TWIST2 are differentially associated with HNSCC patient survival. Gender and smoking could modify the effect of TWISTs on the risk of death in HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Cancer Genetic Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77025, USA
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31
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Involvement of inflammation and its related microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22145-22165. [PMID: 27888618 PMCID: PMC5400654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed type of cancer. The tumor inflammatory microenvironment regulates almost every step towards liver tumorigenesis and subsequent progression, and regulation of the inflammation-related signaling pathways, cytokines, chemokines and non-coding RNAs influences the proliferation, migration and metastasis of liver tumor cells. Inflammation fine-tunes the cancer microenvironment to favor epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which cancer stem cells maintain tumorigenic potential. Emerging evidence points to inflammation-related microRNAs as crucial molecules to integrate the complex cellular and molecular crosstalk during HCC progression. Thus understanding the mechanisms by which inflammation regulates microRNAs might provide novel and admissible strategies for preventing, diagnosing and treating HCC. In this review, we will update three hypotheses of hepatocarcinogenesis and elaborate the most predominant inflammation signaling pathways, i.e. IL-6/STAT3 and NF-κB. We also try to summarize the crucial tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing microRNAs and detail how they regulate HCC initiation and progression and collaborate with other critical modulators in this review.
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32
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090127. [PMID: 28930164 PMCID: PMC5615342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The major forms of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Both these tumors develop against a background of cirrhotic liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver damage and fibrosis. HCC is a heterogeneous disease which usually develops within liver cirrhosis related to various etiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (frequent in Asia and Africa), hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome (frequent in Western countries). In cirrhosis, hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process where pre-cancerous dysplastic macronodules transform progressively into HCC. The patterns of genomic alterations observed in these tumors were recently identified and were instrumental for the identification of potential targeted therapies that could improve patient care. Liver cancer stem cells are a small subset of undifferentiated liver tumor cells, responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance, enriched and isolated according to immunophenotypic and functional properties: cell surface proteins (CD133, CD90, CD44, EpCAM, OV-6, CD13, CD24, DLK1, α2δ1, ICAM-1 and CD47); the functional markers corresponding to side population, high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and autofluorescence. The identification and definition of liver cancer stem cells requires both immunophenotypic and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
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33
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The Recent Advances on Liver Cancer Stem Cells: Biomarkers, Separation, and Therapy. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2017; 2017:5108653. [PMID: 28819584 PMCID: PMC5551471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third major reason of mortality related to cancer in the world, liver cancer is also the fifth most frequent cancer. Unluckily, a majority of patients succumb and relapse though many progresses have been made in detection and therapy of liver cancer. It has been put forward that in liver cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) hold main responsibility for the formation, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of tumor. Strategies that are intended to target liver CSCs are playing a more and more significant role in supervising the development of liver cancer treatment and assessing new therapeutic methods. Herein, a brief review about molecule markers, signal pathways, separation, and treatment on liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is provided in this paper.
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34
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Taniguchi H, Moriya C, Igarashi H, Saitoh A, Yamamoto H, Adachi Y, Imai K. Cancer stem cells in human gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 107:1556-1562. [PMID: 27575869 PMCID: PMC5132287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, drug and radiation resistance, invasive growth, metastasis, and tumor relapse, which are the main causes of cancer-related deaths. Gastrointestinal cancers are the most common malignancies and still the most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because gastrointestinal CSCs are also thought to be resistant to conventional therapies, an effective and novel cancer treatment is imperative. The first reported CSCs in a gastrointestinal tumor were found in colorectal cancer in 2007. Subsequently, CSCs were reported in other gastrointestinal cancers, such as esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreas. Specific phenotypes could be used to distinguish CSCs from non-CSCs. For example, gastrointestinal CSCs express unique surface markers, exist in a side-population fraction, show high aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 activity, form tumorspheres when cultured in non-adherent conditions, and demonstrate high tumorigenic potential in immunocompromised mice. The signal transduction pathways in gastrointestinal CSCs are similar to those involved in normal embryonic development. Moreover, CSCs are modified by the aberrant expression of several microRNAs. Thus, it is very difficult to target gastrointestinal CSCs. This review focuses on the current research on gastrointestinal CSCs and future strategies to abolish the gastrointestinal CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Moriya
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Igarashi
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anri Saitoh
- The Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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miR-27b inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by targeting NR2F2. Protein Cell 2016; 8:114-122. [PMID: 27844448 PMCID: PMC5291775 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is focused on the down-regulation of miRNAs in cancer process. Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 (NR2F2, also known as COUP-TFII) is involved in the development of many types of cancers, but its role in gastric cancer remains elusive. In this experiment, oncomine and Kaplan-meier database revealed that NR2F2 was up-regulated in gastric cancer and that the high NR2F2 expression contributed to poor survival. MicroRNA-27b was targeted and down-regulated by NR2F2 in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. The ectopic expression of miR-27b inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Assays suggested that the overexpression of miR-27b could promote MGC-803 cells’ migration and invasion and retard their metastasis to the liver. In addition, down-regulation of miR-27b enhanced GES-1 cells’ proliferation and metastasis in vitro. These findings reveal that miR-27b is a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and a biomarker for improving patients’ survival.
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36
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of molecular alterations pinpointing different molecular and cellular events. The next-generation sequencing technology is facilitating the global and systematic evaluation of molecular landscapes in HCC. There is emerging evidence supporting the importance of cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment in providing a favorable and supportive niche to expedite HCC development. Moreover, recent studies have identified distinct surface markers of cancer stem cell (CSC) in HCC, and they also put forward the profound involvement of altered signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications in CSCs, in addition to the concomitant drug resistance and metastasis. Taken together, multiple key genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as liver CSCs, result in the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wai-Hung Ho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Regina Cheuk-Lam Lo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lo-Kong Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China,*Irene O. L. Ng, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Room 127B, University Pathology Building, Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary, Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR (China), Tel. +852 2255 3967, E-Mail
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37
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Comparison of stem cell behaviors between indigenous high and low-CD24 percentage expressing cells of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). Tissue Cell 2016; 48:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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The Progress and Prospects of Putative Biomarkers for Liver Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7614971. [PMID: 27610139 PMCID: PMC5005617 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7614971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is organized by liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs), which are a subset of cells with “stem-like” characteristics. Identification of the LCSCs is a fundamental and important problem in HCC research. LCSCs have been investigated by various stem cell biomarkers. There is still lack of consensus regarding the existence of a “global” marker for LCSCs in HCC. In this review article, we summarize the progress and prospects of putative biomarkers for LCSCs in the past decades, which is essential to develop future therapies targeting CSCs and to predict prognosis and curative effect of these therapies.
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39
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RETRACTED: Twist2 promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation and invasion via regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression in the ECM-Receptor-Interaction pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:453-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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40
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Sato R, Semba T, Saya H, Arima Y. Concise Review: Stem Cells and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer: Biological Implications and Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1997-2007. [PMID: 27251010 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a small subpopulation of cancer cells with stem-like properties that are able to self-renew, generate differentiated daughter cells, and give rise to heterogeneous tumor tissue. Tumor heterogeneity is a hallmark of cancer and underlies resistance to anticancer therapies and disease progression. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible phenomenon that is mediated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs) and plays an important role in normal organ development, wound healing, and the invasiveness of cancer cells. Recent evidence showing that overexpression of several EMT-TFs is associated with stemness in cancer cells has suggested the existence of a link between EMT and CSCs. In this review, we focus on the roles of CSCs and EMT signaling in driving tumor heterogeneity. A better understanding of the dynamics of both CSCs and EMT-TFs in the generation of tumor heterogeneity may provide a basis for the development of new treatment options for cancer patients. Stem Cells 2016;34:1997-2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sato
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Vyas AR, Moura MB, Hahm ER, Singh KB, Singh SV. Sulforaphane Inhibits c-Myc-Mediated Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Traits. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2482-95. [PMID: 26990292 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preventive and therapeutic efficiencies of dietary sulforaphane (SFN) against human prostate cancer have been demonstrated in vivo, but the underlying mechanism(s) by which this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we show that the prostate cancer stem cell (pCSC)-like traits, such as accelerated activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), enrichment of CD49f+ fraction, and sphere forming efficiency, are attenuated by SFN treatment. Interestingly, the expression of c-Myc, an oncogenic transcription factor that is frequently deregulated in prostate cancer cells, was markedly suppressed by SFN both in vitro and in vivo. This is biologically relevant, because the lessening of pCSC-like phenotypes mediated by SFN was attenuated when c-Myc was overexpressed. Naturally occurring thio, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl analogs of SFN were also effective in causing suppression of c-Myc protein level. However, basal glycolysis, a basic metabolic pathway that can also be promoted by c-Myc overexpression, was not largely suppressed by SFN, implying that, in addition to c-Myc, there might be another SFN-sensitive cellular factor, which is not directly involved in basal glycolysis, but cooperates with c-Myc to sustain pCSC-like phenotypes. Our study suggests that oncogenic c-Myc is a target of SFN to prevent and eliminate the onset of human prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2482-2495, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avani R Vyas
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle B Moura
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna Beer Singh
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, Pennsylvania.
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42
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Zhang X, Meng S, Zhang R, Ma B, Liu T, Yang Y, Xie W, Liu X, Huang F, Liu T, Zhou X, Liu X, Wang Y. GP73-regulated oncolytic adenoviruses possess potent killing effect on human liver cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:29346-58. [PMID: 27121064 PMCID: PMC5045400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells, are highly metastatic, chemo-resistant and tumorigenic, and are critical for cancer development, maintenance and recurrence. Oncolytic adenovirus could targetedly kill CSCs and has been acted as a promising anticancer agent. Currently, a novel GP73-regulated oncolytic adenovirus GD55 was constructed to specifically treat liver cancer and exhibited obvious cytotoxicity effect. However, there remains to be confirmed that whether GD55 could effectively eliminate liver CSCs. We first utilized the suspension culture to enrich the liver CSCs-like cells, which acquires the properties of liver CSCs in self-renewal, differentiation, quiescence, chemo-resistance and tumorigenicity. The results indicated that GD55 elicited more significant cytotoxicity and stronger oncolytic effect in liver CSC-like cells compared to common oncolytic virus ZD55. Additionally, GD55 possessed the greater efficacy in suppressing the growth of implanted tumors derived from liver CSC-like cells than ZD55. Furthermore, GD55 induced remarkable apoptosis of liver CSC-like cells in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited the propogation of cells and angiogenesis in xenograft tumor tissues. Thus, GD55 may virtually represent an attractive therapeutic agent for targeting liver CSCs to achieve better clinical outcomes for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Zhang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shulin Meng
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Buyun Ma
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015, Netherlands
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xianglei Liu
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fang Huang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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43
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Zhang HJ, Tao J, Sheng L, Hu X, Rong RM, Xu M, Zhu TY. Twist2 promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1801-12. [PMID: 27099513 PMCID: PMC4821395 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist2 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Growing evidence has proven that Twist2 is involved in tumor progression; however, the role of Twist2 in human kidney cancer and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Twist2 in kidney cancer cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assay were analyzed using the Cell Count Kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell analysis, respectively. In this study, we showed that Twist2 was upregulated in human kidney cancer tissues compared with normal kidney tissues. Twist2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and augmented cell migration and invasion in human kidney-cancer-derived cells in vitro. Twist2 also promoted tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that the knockdown of Twist2 decreased the levels of ITGA6 and CD44 expression. This result indicates that Twist2 may promote migration and invasion of kidney cancer cells by regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression. Therefore, our data demonstrated that Twist2 is involved in kidney cancer progression. The identification of the role of Twist2 in the migration and invasion of kidney cancer provides a potential appropriate treatment for human kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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44
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Xu MY, Chen R, Yu JX, Liu T, Qu Y, Lu LG. AZGP1 suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and hepatic carcinogenesis by blocking TGFβ1-ERK2 pathways. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:241-9. [PMID: 26902423 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein 1 (AZGP1) has been found to play important roles in TGF-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanisms of AZGP1 inhibiting EMT and its therapeutic potential remain unknown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AZGP1, TGF-β1 or ERK2 expressions were examined in liver tissues of HCC patients and rat model. The effect of AZGP1 on EMT and crosstalking of TGFβ1-ERK2 signaling in human hepatic cancer cell was tested in vitro and in vivo. Hepatic expression of AZGP1 was nearly deficient in HCC patients and rats. It was proved that AZGP1 has the ability of down-regulating mesenchymal markers, up-regulating epithelial marker, inhibiting cell invasion and suppressing EMT in human HCC cells. The results clarified that AZGP1 has the effect on blocking TGF-β1 mediated ERK2 phosphorylation leading to depressing EMT and invasive potential in vitro. Local injection of AZGP1 mimic in vivo could significantly withhold lung metastasis in HCC. In conclusion, loss of AZGP1 could trigger EMT induced by TGFβ1-ERK2 signaling, confuse in energy metabolism, reduce cell proliferation and apoptosis, activate survival signals and promote invasion. Up-regulation of AZGP1 should be proposed to reverse EMT and might be a new promising therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jing-Xia Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lun-Gen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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45
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Zhu QQ, Ma C, Wang Q, Song Y, Lv T. The role of TWIST1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:185-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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46
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MiR-33a suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting ADAM9 and ROS1. Protein Cell 2015; 6:881-9. [PMID: 26507842 PMCID: PMC4656205 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have a pivotal role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by sequence-specifically targeting multiple mRNAs. Although miR-33a was recently reported to play an important role in lipid homeostasis, atherosclerosis, and hepatic fibrosis, the functions of miR-33a in tumor progression and metastasis are largely unknown. Here, we found that downregulated miR-33a in breast cancer tissues correlates with lymph node metastasis. MiR-33a expression is significantly lower in the highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines than the noncancerous breast epithelial cells and non-metastatic breast cancer cells. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-33a in metastatic breast cancer cells remarkably decreases cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and significantly inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo, whereas its knockdown in non-metastatic breast cancer cells significantly enhances cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and promotes tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Combining bioinformatics prediction and biochemical analyses, we showed that ADAM9 and ROS1 are direct downstream targets of miR-33a. These findings identified miR-33a as a negative regulator of breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
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47
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Qiu H, Fang X, Luo Q, Ouyang G. Cancer stem cells: a potential target for cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3411-24. [PMID: 25967289 PMCID: PMC11113644 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells, are responsible for the initiation, growth, metastasis, therapy resistance and recurrence of cancers. CSCs share core regulatory pathways with normal stem cells; however, CSCs rely on distinct reprogrammed pathways to maintain stemness and to contribute to the progression of cancers. The specific targeting of CSCs, together with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, may achieve stable remission or cure cancer. Therefore, the identification of CSCs and a better understanding of the complex characteristics of CSCs will provide invaluable diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic targets for clinical application. In this review, we will introduce the dysregulated properties of CSCs in cancers and discuss the possible challenges in targeting CSCs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003 China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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48
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Pallegar NK, Ayre DC, Christian SL. Repression of CD24 surface protein expression by oncogenic Ras is relieved by inhibition of Raf but not MEK or PI3K. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:47. [PMID: 26301220 PMCID: PMC4525067 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a dynamically regulated cell surface protein. High expression of CD24 leads to progression of lung, prostrate, colon, and pancreatic cancers, among others. In contrast, low expression of CD24 leads to cell proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Activating mutations in Ras are found in 30% of all human cancers. Oncogenic Ras constitutively stimulates the Raf, PI3K, and Ral GDS signaling pathways, leading to cellular transformation. Previous studies have shown that expression of oncogenic Ras in breast cancer cells generates CD24− cells from CD24+ cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of CD24− cells were not determined. Here, we demonstrate that oncogenic Ras (RasV12) expression suppresses CD24 mRNA, protein, and promoter levels when expressed in NIH/3T3 cells. Furthermore, activation of only the Raf pathway was sufficient to downregulate CD24 mRNA and protein expression to levels similar to those seen in with RasV12 expression. In contrast, activation of the PI3K pathway downregulated mRNA expression with a partial effect on protein expression whereas activation of the RalGDS pathway only partially affected protein expression. Surprisingly, inhibition of MEK with U0126 only partially restored CD24 mRNA expression but not surface protein expression. In contrast, inhibition of Raf with sorafenib did not restore CD24 mRNA expression but significantly increased the proportion of RasV12 cells expressing CD24. Therefore, the Raf pathway is the major repressor of CD24 mRNA and protein expression, with PI3K also able to substantially inhibit CD24 expression. Moreover, these data indicate that the levels of CD24 mRNA and surface protein are independently regulated. Although inhibition of Raf by sorafenib only partially restored CD24 expression, sorafenib should still be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to alter CD24 expression in CD24− cells, such as BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha K Pallegar
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - D Craig Ayre
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, NL, Canada
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49
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Zou H, Feng X, Cao JG. Twist in hepatocellular carcinoma: pathophysiology and therapeutics. Hepatol Int 2015; 9:399-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Lin Y, Liu AY, Fan C, Zheng H, Li Y, Zhang C, Wu S, Yu D, Huang Z, Liu F, Luo Q, Yang CJ, Ouyang G. MicroRNA-33b Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting HMGA2, SALL4 and Twist1. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9995. [PMID: 25919570 PMCID: PMC4412117 DOI: 10.1038/srep09995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally either by inhibiting protein translation or by causing the degradation of target mRNAs. Current evidence indicates that miR-33b is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, glucose metabolism and several human diseases; however, whether miR-33b contributes to the pathogenesis of human cancers and participates in the regulation of self-renewal of human cancer stem cells remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of miR-33b as a negative regulator of cell stemness and metastasis in breast cancer. Compared with paired normal breast tissues, miR-33b expression is downregulated in breast tumor samples and is inversely correlated with lymph node metastatic status. Ectopic overexpression of miR-33b in highly metastatic breast cancer cells suppresses cell self-renewal, migration and invasion in vitro and inhibits lung metastasis in vivo. Conversely, miR-33b knockdown promotes the self-renewal, migration and invasion capabilities of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. The mechanism through which miR-33b inhibits the stemness, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells is by targeting HMGA2, SALL4 and Twist1. These data indicate that miR-33b acts as an onco-suppressive microRNA in breast cancer progression by inhibiting the stemness and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Allan Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chuannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chuankai Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Chaoyong James Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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