1
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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Yumashev A, Hjazi A, Toama MA, AbdRabou MA, Gehlot A, Alwaily ER, Shirsalimi N, Yadav PK, Moriasi G. Effects of metformin on cancers in experimental and clinical studies: Focusing on autophagy and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4071. [PMID: 38863255 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is a preferred drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies show that apart from its blood glucose-lowering effects, it also inhibits the development of various tumours, by inducing autophagy. Various studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of MET on cancer cell lines' propagation, migration, and invasion. The objective of the study was to comprehensively review the potential of MET as an anticancer agent, particularly focusing on its ability to induce autophagy and inhibit the development and progression of various tumors. The study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of MET on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and its impact on key signaling pathways such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and PI3K. This review noted that MET exerts its anticancer effects by regulating key signalling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), LC3-I and LC3-II, Beclin-1, p53, and the autophagy-related gene (ATG), inhibiting the mTOR protein, downregulating the expression of p62/SQSTM1, and blockage of the cell cycle at the G0/G1. Moreover, MET can stimulate autophagy through pathways associated with the 5' AMPK, thereby inhibiting he development and progression of various human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, osteosarcoma, myeloma, and non-small cell lung cancer. In summary, this detailed review provides a framework for further investigations that may appraise the autophagy-induced anticancer potential of MET and its repurposing for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexey Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Alaa Toama
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Anita Gehlot
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Niyousha Shirsalimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pankaj Kumar Yadav
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gervason Moriasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
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2
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Min Q, Zhang M, Lin D, Zhang W, Li X, Zhao L, Teng H, He T, Sun W, Fan J, Yu X, Chen J, Li J, Gao X, Dong B, Liu R, Liu X, Song Y, Cui Y, Lu SH, Li R, Guo M, Wang Y, Zhan Q. Genomic characterization and risk stratification of esophageal squamous dysplasia. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:244-256. [PMID: 38919397 PMCID: PMC11195426 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The majority of esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) patients progress slowly, while a subset of patients can undergo recurrence rapidly or progress to invasive cancer even after proper treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical observations are still largely unknown. Methods By sequencing the genomic data of 160 clinical samples from 49 tumor-free ESD patients and 88 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients, we demonstrated lower somatic mutation and copy number alteration (CNA) burden in ESD compared with ESCC. Results Cross-species screening and functional assays identified ACSM5 as a novel driver gene for ESD progression. Furthermore, we revealed that miR-4292 promoted ESD progression and could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for ESD. Conclusions These findings largely expanded our understanding of ESD genetics and tumorigenesis, which possessed promising significance for improving early diagnosis, reducing overtreatment, and identifying high-risk ESD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Min
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dongmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huajing Teng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinting Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongping Cui
- Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Zheng W, Yuan H, Fu Y, Deng G, Zheng X, Xu L, Fan H, Jiang W, Yu X. An effective two-stage NMBzA-induced rat esophageal tumor model revealing that the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis drives the progression of ESCC. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216813. [PMID: 38499266 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Rat model of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBzA)-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is routinely used to study ESCC initiation, progression and new therapeutic strategies. However, the model is time-consuming and malignant tumor incidences are low. Here, we report the usage of multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib as a tumor promoter to establish an efficient two-stage NMBzA-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model, resulting in increments of tumor incidences and shortened tumor formation times. By establishing the model and applying whole-genome sequencing, we discover that benign papillomas and malignant ESCCs harbor most of the "driver" events found in rat ESCCs (e.g. recurrent mutations in Ras family, the Hippo and Notch pathways and histone modifier genes) and the mutational landscapes of rat and human ESCCs overlap extensively. We generate tumor cell lines derived from NMBzA-induced papillomas and ESCCs, showing that papilloma cells retain more characteristics of normal epithelial cells than carcinoma cells, especially their exhibitions of normal rat cell karyotypes and inabilities of forming tumors in immunodeficient mice. Three-dimensional (3-D) organoid cultures and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) indicate that, when compared to control- and papilloma-organoids, ESCC-organoids display salient abnormalities at tissue and single-cell levels. Multi-omic analyses indicate that NMBzA-induced rat ESCCs are accompanied by progressive hyperactivations of the FAT-Hippo-YAP1 axis and siRNA or inhibitors of YAP1 block the growth of rat ESCCs. Taken together, these studies provide a framework of using an effective rat ESCC model to investigate multilevel functional genomics of ESCC carcinogenesis, which justify targeting YAP1 as a therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuxia Fu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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4
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Papadakos SP, Argyrou A, Lekakis V, Arvanitakis K, Kalisperati P, Stergiou IE, Konstantinidis I, Schizas D, Koufakis T, Germanidis G, Theocharis S. Metformin in Esophageal Carcinoma: Exploring Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2978. [PMID: 38474224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) remains a formidable malignancy with limited treatment options and high mortality rates, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. Through a systematic analysis of a multitude of studies, we synthesize the diverse findings related to metformin's influence on EC. This review comprehensively elucidates the intricate metabolic pathways and molecular mechanisms through which metformin may exert its anti-cancer effects. Key focus areas include its impact on insulin signaling, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and the mTOR pathway, which collectively contribute to its role in mitigating esophageal cancer progression. This review critically examines the body of clinical and preclinical evidence surrounding the potential role of metformin, a widely prescribed anti-diabetic medication, in EC management. Our examination extends to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, revealing metformin's potential as a metabolic intervention in esophageal cancer pathogenesis. By consolidating epidemiological and clinical data, we assess the evidence that supports metformin's candidacy as an adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. By summarizing clinical and preclinical findings, our review aims to enhance our understanding of metformin's role in EC management, potentially improving patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Argyrou
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios Lekakis
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Kalisperati
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna E Stergiou
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital "Hippokration", Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU), Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (BRESU), Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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5
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Yu X, Yuan H, Yang Y, Zheng W, Zheng X, Lu SH, Jiang W, Yu X. Mammalian esophageal stratified tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by the epithelial pluripotent p63 +Sox2 + and p63 -Sox2 + cell populations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:305. [PMID: 37752383 PMCID: PMC11072776 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewing, damage-repair and differentiation of mammalian stratified squamous epithelia are subject to tissue homeostasis, but the regulation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigate the esophageal squamous epithelial tissue homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. We establish a rat esophageal organoid (rEO) in vitro system and show that the landscapes of rEO formation, development and maturation trajectories can mimic those of rat esophageal epithelia in vivo. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), snapshot immunostaining and functional analyses of stratified "matured" rEOs define that the epithelial pluripotent stem cell determinants, p63 and Sox2, play crucial but distinctive roles for regulating mammalian esophageal tissue homeostasis. We identify two cell populations, p63+Sox2+ and p63-Sox2+, of which the p63+Sox2+ population presented at the basal layer is the cells of origin required for esophageal epithelial stemness maintenance and proliferation, whereas the p63-Sox2+ population presented at the suprabasal layers is the cells of origin having a dual role for esophageal epithelial differentiation (differentiation-prone fate) and rapid tissue damage-repair responses (proliferation-prone fate). Given the fact that p63 and Sox2 are developmental lineage oncogenes and commonly overexpressed in ESCC tissues, p63-Sox2+ population could not be detected in organoids formed by esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. Taken together, these findings reveal that the tissue homeostasis is maintained distinctively by p63 and/or Sox2-dependent cell lineage populations required for the tissue renewing, damage-repair and protection of carcinogenesis in mammalian esophagi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xuejing Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Raudenská M, Petrláková K, Juriňáková T, Leischner Fialová J, Fojtů M, Jakubek M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Masařík M. Engine shutdown: migrastatic strategies and prevention of metastases. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:293-308. [PMID: 36804341 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths among patients with solid tumors are caused by metastases. Migrastatic strategies represent a unique therapeutic approach to prevent all forms of cancer cell migration and invasion. Because the migration machinery has been shown to promote metastatic dissemination, successful migrastatic therapy may reduce the need for high-dose cytotoxic therapies that are currently used to prevent the risk of metastatic dissemination. In this review we focus on anti-invasive and antimetastatic strategies that hold promise for the treatment of solid tumors. The best targets for migrastatic therapy would be those that are required by all forms of motility, such as ATP availability, mitochondrial metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics and cell contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Petrláková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Juriňáková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Leischner Fialová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtů
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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7
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Zhou J, Liu Q, Lu Q, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wang S, Liu R, Pu Y, Yin L. Metabolomic transition trajectory and potential mechanisms of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine induced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114071. [PMID: 36113270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an environment-relevant malignancy with a high mortality. Nitrosamines, a class of nitrogen-containing environmental carcinogens, are widely suggested as a risk factor for ESCC. However, how nitrosamines affect metabolic regulation to promote ESCC tumorigenesis is largely unknown. In this study, the transition trajectory of serum metabolism in the course of ESCC induced by N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) in rats was depicted by an untargeted metabolomic analysis, and the potential molecular mechanisms were revealed. The results showed that the metabolic alteration in rats was slight at the basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) stage, while it became apparent when the esophageal lesion developed into dysplasia (DYS) or more serious conditions. Moreover, serum metabolism of severe dysplasia (S-DYS) showed more similar characteristics to that of carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive cancer (IC). Aberrant nicotinate (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) metabolism, tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism could be the key players favoring the malignant transformation of esophageal epithelium induced by NMBA. More particularly, NA and NAM metabolism in the precancerous stages and TRP metabolism in the cancerous stages were demonstrated to replenish NAD+ in different patterns. Furthermore, both the IDO1-KYN-AHR axis mediated by TRP metabolism and the SPHK1-S1P-S1PR1 axis by sphingolipid metabolism provided an impetus to create the pro-inflammatory yet immune-suppressive microenvironment to facilitate the esophageal tumorigenesis and progression. Together, these suggested that NMBA exerted its carcinogenicity via more than one pathway, which may act together to produce combination effects. Targeting these pathways may open up the possibility to attenuate NMBA-induced esophageal carcinogenesis. However, the interconnection between different metabolic pathways needs to be specified further. And the integrative and multi-level systematic research will be conducive to fully understanding the mechanisms of NMBA-induced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Shizhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Chen Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang D, Yu H. Metformin Attenuates UVA-Induced Skin Photoaging by Suppressing Mitophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136960. [PMID: 35805987 PMCID: PMC9266365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major cause of photoaging that can induce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cellular aging. Metformin (MF) can repair DNA damage, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protect cells. However, the mechanism by which MF inhibits cell senescence in chronic skin damage induced by UVA is unclear. In this study, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) treated with UVA were used as an in vitro model and UVA-induced skin photoaging in Kunming mice was used as an in vivo model to investigate the potential skin protective mechanism of MF. The results revealed that MF treatment attenuated UVA-induced cell viability, skin aging, and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, MF treatment alleviated the mitochondrial oxidative stress and decreased mitophagy. Knockdown of Parkin by siRNA increased the clearance of MF in senescent cells. The treatment of Kunming mice with MF at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly reduced UVA-induced skin roughness, epidermal thinning, collagen degradation, and skin aging. In conclusion, our experimental results suggest that MF exerts anti-photoaging effects by inhibiting mitophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, our study improves the current understanding of the protective mechanism of MF against photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Huimei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Q.C.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0-431-8561-9485
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9
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Wu Z, Wu L, Zou L, Wang M, Liu X. Metformin induces myeloma cells necrosis and apoptosis and it is considered for therapeutic use. J Chemother 2022; 35:131-141. [PMID: 35427214 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2062895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence, especially in solid tumor, indicated that metformin possessed the potential ability in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effects on myeloma cells were relatively rarely clarified. To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of metformin against dexamethasone-resistant and -sensitive myeloma cells. The effects of metformin on myeloma cell lines, including dexamethasone-resistant U266, H929, RPMI 8226 and dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1s, were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay for cell proliferation. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell death mechanisms were explored via flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot. In addition, the anti-myeloma activity was evaluated in vivo via non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency xenograft mouse models. Metformin inhibited proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner in all the cell lines, while dexamethasone only affected the viability of MM1.s cells. The FCM detection displayed that metformin induced apoptosis in H929, RPMI8226 and MM.1s cells, while for U266 cells, it induced necrosis with Annexin V-/Propidium iodide+. The cell cycle assays showed that metformin arrested G0/G1 phase of H929 and MM.1s cells, or G2/M phase of RPMI8226 cells, but showed no effect on U226 cells. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the apoptosis-related protein of cleaved caspase 3 was activated; the expressions of Mcl-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, pAKT, and pmTOR proteins were inhibited by metformin in H929, RPMI8226, and MM.1s cells. The necrosis-related protein of iNOS increased in U266 cells while metformin treated. In vivo assay indicated metformin decreased U266 and H929 growth in bone marrow, and thus prolonged mice survival. These data suggested that metformin inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cells via inducing necrosis and apoptosis. This finding indicated that metformin may be served as a potent adjuvant in treating multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianghua Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangliang Zou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
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10
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Zhang H, Zhao C, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Luo K, Pu Y, Yin L. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism associated with esophageal inflammation of ICR mice induced by nitrosamines exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 297:118680. [PMID: 34915095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosamines, as ubiquitous environmental carcinogens with adverse impact on human health, were crucial inducers of esophageal cancer (EC). Esophageal inflammation (EI) was an important biological process and considered to be associated with the progression of EC. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of EI process caused by nitrosamines exposure remained largely unclear. In this study, a metabolomics approach based on mass spectrometry was utilized to explore the effect of nitrosamines exposure to ICR mice. Also, the changes of pivotal metabolic enzyme levels, urinary nitrosamines and histopathological analysis were evaluated. The results showed that nitrosamines exposure was intimately interrelated with EI process in mice. Metabolomics profiling analysis indicated that nitrosamines caused significant alterations of metabolic pathway predominantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that nitrosamines promoted decomposition of fatty acids and facilitated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) of mice. The significant increase of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and downregulation of acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) would promote FAO in EI process induced by nitrosamines. Additionally, the exposure levels of more than half of nitrosamines in urine were correlated with inflammatory fatty acid biomarkers. Overall, this study found that EI triggered by nitrosamines may be associated with the promotion of FAO, and provided novel insights for evaluating the underlying mechanism of environmental pollutant-caused toxicity based on metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I− symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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12
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Zou Z, Zheng W, Fan H, Deng G, Lu SH, Jiang W, Yu X. Aspirin enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibition of putative cancer stem cells. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:826-838. [PMID: 34316020 PMCID: PMC8438052 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are related to the patient's prognosis, recurrence and therapy resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although increasing evidence suggests that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) could lower the incidence and improve the prognosis of ESCC, the mechanism(s) remains to be fully understood. METHODS We investigated the role of ASA in chemotherapy/chemoprevention in human ESCC cell lines and an N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model. The effects of combined treatment with ASA/cisplatin on ESCC cell lines were examined in vitro and in vivo. Sphere-forming cells enriched with putative CSCs (pCSCs) were used to investigate the effect of ASA in CSCs. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed to determine the alterations in chromatin accessibility caused by ASA in ESCC cells. RESULTS ASA inhibits the CSC properties and enhances cisplatin treatment in human ESCC cells. ATAC-seq indicates that ASA treatment results in remarkable epigenetic alterations on chromatin in ESCC cells, especially their pCSCs, through the modification of histone acetylation levels. The epigenetic changes activate Bim expression and promote cell death in CSCs of ESCC. Furthermore, ASA prevents the carcinogenesis of NMBzA-induced ESCC in the rat model. CONCLUSIONS ASA could be a potential chemotherapeutic adjuvant and chemopreventive drug for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigeng Zou
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Lu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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13
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Chomanicova N, Gazova A, Adamickova A, Valaskova S, Kyselovic J. The role of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in anticancer activity of metformin. Physiol Res 2021; 70:501-508. [PMID: 34062070 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) is a widely used drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and frequently used as an adjuvant therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and in some cases also tuberculosis. Its protective effect on the cardiovascular system has also been described. Recently, MTF was subjected to various analyzes and studies that showed its beneficial effects in cancer treatment such as reducing cancer cell proliferation, reducing tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, reducing cancer risk in diabetic patients, or reducing likelihood of relapse. One of the MTF's mechanisms of action is the activation of adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Several studies have shown that AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has anticancer effect in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this review is to present the anticancer activity of MTF highlighting the importance of the AMPK/mTOR pathway in the cancer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chomanicova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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14
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Chen YR, Li HN, Zhang LJ, Zhang C, He JG. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Proliferation and Metastasis via LKB1/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:645375. [PMID: 34124017 PMCID: PMC8193860 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.645375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the eighth most common cancer in the world. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme that catalyzes symmetric and asymmetric methylation on arginine residues of histone and non-histone proteins, is overexpressed in many cancers. However, whether or not PRMT5 participates in the regulation of ESCC remains largely unclear. Methods: PRMT5 mRNA and protein expression in ESCC tissues and cell lines were examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays. Cell proliferation was examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry assays, MTT, and EdU assays. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle were examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry assays, and flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry assays, and wound-healing and transwell assays. Tumor volume, tumors, and mouse weight were measured in different groups. Lung tissues with metastatic foci, the number of nodules, and lung/total weight were measured in different groups. Results: In the present study, the PRMT5 expression level was dramatically upregulated in ESCC clinical tissues as well as ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and KYSE150). Furthermore, knocking down PRMT5 obviously suppressed cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and cell arrest in G1 phase and promoted cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. Meanwhile, downregulating PRMT5 also increased the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, while expression levels of Bax-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, and p21 were decreased, which are members of the cyclin-dependent kinase family. Furthermore, knocking down PRMT5 could increase the expression of LKB1 and the phosphorylation (p)-AMPK expression and decrease the p-mTOR level. Additionally, overexpression of LKB1 could reveal anti-tumor effects in ESCC cell lines by inhibiting ESCC cell, migration, invasion, and proliferation and accelerating cell apoptosis. Besides, upregulating LKB1 expression could increase the levels of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 and weaken the levels of Bax-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Moreover, knocking down PRMT5 could weaken the tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo with upregulating the LKB1 expression and the p-AMPK level and downregulating the p-mTOR expression. Conclusion: PRMT5 may act as a tumor-inducing agent in ESCC by modulating LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Chen
- Department of Oncology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Hua-Ni Li
- Department of Oncology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Lian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Magnetic Resonance Room, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Jin-Guang He
- Department of Oncology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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15
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Chen X, Ma J, Yao Y, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Zhao R, Dong X, Gao W, Zhang S, Huang S, Chen L. Metformin prevents BAFF activation of Erk1/2 from B-cell proliferation and survival by impeding mTOR-PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107771. [PMID: 34004440 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is an essential cytokine for B-cell maturation, differentiation and survival, and excess BAFF induces aggressive or neoplastic B-cell disorders and contributes to development of autoimmune diseases. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has recently garnered a great attention due to its anti-proliferative and immune-modulatory features. However, little is known regarding the effect of metformin on BAFF-stimulated B cells. Here, we show that metformin attenuated human soluble BAFF (hsBAFF)-induced cell proliferation and survival by blocking the Erk1/2 pathway in normal and B-lymphoid (Raji) cells. Pretreatment with U0126, knockdown of Erk1/2, or expression of dominant negative MKK1 strengthened metformin's inhibition of hsBAFF-activated Erk1/2 and B-cell proliferation/viability, whereas expression of constitutively active MKK1 rendered high resistance to metformin. Further investigation found that overexpression of wild type PTEN or ectopic expression of dominant negative Akt potentiated metformin's suppression of hsBAFF-induced Erk1/2 activation and proliferation/viability in Raji cells, implying a PTEN/Akt-dependent mechanism involved. Furthermore, we noticed that metformin hindered hsBAFF-activated mTOR pathway in B cells. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin or knockdown of mTOR enhanced metformin's suppression of hsBAFF-induced phosphorylation of S6K1, PTEN, Akt, and Erk1/2, as well as B-cell proliferation/viability. These results indicate that metformin prevents BAFF activation of Erk1/2 from cell proliferation and survival by impeding mTOR-PTEN/Akt signaling pathway in normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Our findings support that metformin has a great potential for prevention of excessive BAFF-induced aggressive B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yajie Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Chandramouleeswaran PM, Guha M, Shimonosono M, Whelan KA, Maekawa H, Sachdeva UM, Ruthel G, Mukherjee S, Engel N, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou J, Ohashi S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mesaros CA, Blair IA, Pellegrino da Silva R, Hakonarson H, Noguchi E, Baur JA, Nakagawa H. Autophagy mitigates ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239625. [PMID: 32966340 PMCID: PMC7510980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During alcohol consumption, the esophageal mucosa is directly exposed to high concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). We therefore investigated the response of normal human esophageal epithelial cell lines EPC1, EPC2 and EPC3 to acute EtOH exposure. While these cells were able to tolerate 2% EtOH for 8 h in both three-dimensional organoids and monolayer culture conditions, RNA sequencing suggested that EtOH induced mitochondrial dysfunction. With EtOH treatment, EPC1 and EPC2 cells also demonstrated decreased mitochondrial ATPB protein expression by immunofluorescence and swollen mitochondria lacking intact cristae by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased in a subset of EPC1 and EPC2 cells stained with ΔΨm–sensitive dye MitoTracker Deep Red. In EPC2, EtOH decreased ATP level while impairing mitochondrial respiration and electron transportation chain functions, as determined by ATP fluorometric assay, respirometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, EPC2 cells demonstrated enhanced oxidative stress by flow cytometry for mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), which was antagonized by the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoCP. Concurrently, EPC1 and EPC2 cells underwent autophagy following EtOH exposure, as evidenced by flow cytometry for Cyto-ID, which detects autophagic vesicles, and immunoblots demonstrating induction of the lipidated and cleaved form of LC3B and downregulation of SQSTM1/p62. In EPC1 and EPC2, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine increased mitochondrial oxidative stress while decreasing cell viability. In EPC2, autophagy induction was coupled with phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, and dephosphorylation of downstream substrates of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex (mTORC)-1 signaling. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR decreased EtOH-induced reduction of ΔΨm and ATP in EPC2. Taken together, acute EtOH exposure leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes, where the AMPK-mTORC1 axis may serve as a regulatory mechanism to activate autophagy to provide cytoprotection against EtOH-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna M. Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manti Guha
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noah Engel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Renata Pellegrino da Silva
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nesci V, Russo E, Arcidiacono B, Citraro R, Tallarico M, Constanti A, Brunetti A, De Sarro G, Leo A. Metabolic Alterations Predispose to Seizure Development in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice: the Role of Metformin. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4778-4789. [PMID: 32785826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The link between epilepsy and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we tested whether a high-fat diet (HFD), inducing insulin-resistant diabetes and obesity in mice, would increase susceptibility to develop generalized seizures induced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ) kindling. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms linked to glucose brain transport and the effects of the T2DM antidiabetic drug metformin were also studied along with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. To this aim, two sets of experiments were performed in CD1 mice, in which we firstly evaluated the HFD effects on some metabolic and behavioral parameters in order to have a baseline reference for kindling experiments assessed in the second section of our protocol. We detected that HFD predisposes towards seizure development in the PTZ-kindling model and this was linked to a reduction in glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression as observed in GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome in humans but accompanied by a compensatory increase in expression of GLUT-3. While we confirmed that HFD induced neuropsychiatric alterations in the treated mice, it did not change the development of kindling comorbidities. Furthermore, we propose that the beneficial effects of metformin we observed towards seizure development are related to a normalization of both GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression levels. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that an altered glycometabolic profile could play a pro-epileptic role in human patients. We therefore recommend that MetS or T2DM should be constantly monitored and possibly avoided in patients with epilepsy, since they could further aggravate this latter condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nesci
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. .,C.I.S.-Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, UK
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Gao C, Fang L, Zhang H, Zhang WS, Li XO, Du SY. Metformin Induces Autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5803-5811. [PMID: 32765083 PMCID: PMC7371564 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s257966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin may exert the anticancer effect on multiple types of cancers and some potential mechanisms have been suggested. Our study was designed to determine the effect of metformin on the cell autophagy and autophagic flux via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods MHCC97H and HepG2 cell lines were cultured and treated without and with metformin at various concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 20 mM) for 48 h. Then, 10 mM was determined as the optimal concentration and the HCC cells were treated with metformin for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. MTT assay was used to assess the cell viability and Western blotting was used to determine the expression of proteins (LC3-II, p62, phospho-AMPKα, phospho-mTOR, mTOR, phospho-p70 S6 Kinase, p70 S6 Kinase, PARP1, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3). Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, EGFP-LC3 and mCherry-GFP-LC3B plasmid transfection were used for further study. Results Metformin inhibited significantly the viability of MHCC97H and HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. For the apoptotic properties, activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 and PARP cleavage were not observed after treatment with metformin. MHCC97H cells were transfected with a EGFP-LC3 plasmid and treatment with metformin could lead to the increased level of LC3-II and decreased level of p62. In metformin-induced autophagy, AMPK expression was activated, and the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and p70 S6 Kinase were inhibited. Metformin treatment and mCherry-GFP-LC3B plasmid transfection showed that metformin could induce the autophagic flux. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) partly abolished this effect. Conclusion Metformin could induce the autophagy, autophagic flux, and activate the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ou Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chen GG, Woo PYM, Ng SCP, Wong GKC, Chan DTM, van Hasselt CA, Tong MCF, Poon WS. Impact of metformin on immunological markers: Implication in its anti-tumor mechanism. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107585. [PMID: 32473961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug, has been known to have antitumor properties for around 15 years. Although there are a number of reports attributing the antitumor function of metformin to its impact on energy homeostasis and oxygen re-distribution in tumor microenvironment, detailed mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the past several years, there is an increasing number of publications indicating that metformin can affect various immunological components including lymphocytes, macrophages, cytokines and several key immunological molecules in both human and animal studies. These interesting results appear to be in line with emerging data that suggest associations between immune responses and energy homeostasis/oxygen re-distribution, which may explain effective impacts of metformin on immunotherapies against autoimmune diseases as well as cancers. This review article is to analyse and discuss recent development in the above areas with aim to justify metformin as a new adjuvant for immunotherapy against human cancers. We hope that our summary will help to optimize the application of metformin for various types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Peter Y M Woo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - George K C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny T M Chan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles A van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael C F Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Liu S, Yue C, Chen H, Chen Y, Li G. Metformin Promotes Beclin1-Dependent Autophagy to Inhibit the Progression of Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4445-4455. [PMID: 32547075 PMCID: PMC7245468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is the first-line blood sugar control drug for type 2 diabetes, but recent epidemiological studies have shown that it inhibits the growth of a variety of tumours. However, few studies have examined metformin effects on gastric cancer (GC), and the anticancer mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Materials and Methods We examined the inhibitory effect of metformin on GC cells by cell proliferation, migration and invasion assay. Transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and Western blotting confirmed that metformin enhanced beclin1-dependent autophagy in gastric cancer cells. TCGA database and tissue chip analysis confirmed the differential expression of beclin1 in GC and adjacent tissues. Relevant functional tests verified the role of beclin1 as a tumour suppressor gene in GC. Western blotting, cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were used to verify that metformin enhances autophagy in GC cells through the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway. Xenograft tumour models were constructed to explore the inhibitory effect of metformin and the role of beclin1 as a suppressor on GC in vivo. Results In this study, we observed that metformin inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Metformin could also promote beclin1-dependent autophagy in GC cells. We further discovered that beclin1 expression was downregulated in GC and that its low expression was associated with poor prognosis. Beclin1 acts as a tumour suppressor that inhibits the malignant phenotypes of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we verified that metformin can upregulate beclin1-mediated autophagy to inhibit GC cells through the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway. Conclusion In summary, the results revealed the role of autophagy in metformin inhibition of gastric cancer and suggest that beclin1 may be a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanqiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
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Głowacka U, Brzozowski T, Magierowski M. Synergisms, Discrepancies and Interactions between Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Monoxide in the Gastrointestinal and Digestive System Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030445. [PMID: 32183095 PMCID: PMC7175135 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous gas transmitters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are important signaling molecules known to exert multiple biological functions. In recent years, the role of H2S, CO and NO in regulation of cardiovascular, neuronal and digestive systems physiology and pathophysiology has been emphasized. Possible link between these gaseous mediators and multiple diseases as well as potential therapeutic applications has attracted great attention from biomedical scientists working in many fields of biomedicine. Thus, various pharmacological tools with ability to release CO or H2S were developed and implemented in experimental animal in vivo and in vitro models of many disorders and preliminary human studies. This review was designed to review signaling functions, similarities, dissimilarities and a possible cross-talk between H2S and CO produced endogenously or released from chemical donors, with special emphasis on gastrointestinal digestive system pathologies prevention and treatment.
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