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Akanyibah FA, Zhu Y, Wan A, Ocansey DKW, Xia Y, Fang AN, Mao F. Effects of DNA methylation and its application in inflammatory bowel disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:55. [PMID: 38695222 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is marked by persistent inflammation, and its development and progression are linked to environmental, genetic, immune system and gut microbial factors. DNA methylation (DNAm), as one of the protein modifications, is a crucial epigenetic process used by cells to control gene transcription. DNAm is one of the most common areas that has drawn increasing attention recently, with studies revealing that the interleukin (IL)‑23/IL‑12, wingless‑related integration site, IL‑6‑associated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and apoptosis signaling pathways are involved in DNAm and in the pathogenesis of IBD. It has emerged that DNAm‑associated genes are involved in perpetuating the persistent inflammation that characterizes a number of diseases, including IBD, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for exploring their treatment. The present review discusses DNAm‑associated genes in the pathogenesis of IBD and summarizes their application as possible diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in IBD. This may provide a reference for the particular form of IBD and its related methylation genes, aiding in clinical decision‑making and encouraging therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Atim Akanyibah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212300, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Wan
- Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212028, P.R. China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - An-Ning Fang
- Basic Medical School, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, Anhui 230061, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lianyungang Clinical College, Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006, P.R. China
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Jones AN, Scheurlen KM, Macleod A, Simon HL, Galandiuk S. Obesity and Inflammatory Factors in the Progression of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1403. [PMID: 38611081 PMCID: PMC11010915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity leads to a chronic pro-inflammatory state with systemic effects, including the alteration of macrophage metabolism. Tumor-associated macrophages have been linked to the formation of cancer through the production of metabolites such as itaconate. Itaconate downregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a tumor-suppressing factor and upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in M2-like macrophages. Similarly, leptin and adiponectin also influence macrophage cytokine expression and contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer via changes in gene expression within the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway influences cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. This work provides a review of obesity-related hormones and inflammatory mechanisms leading to the development and progression of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Cochrane databases to identify studies related to obesity and EOCRC, with keywords including 'EOCRC', 'obesity', 'obesity-related hormones', 'itaconate', 'adiponectin', 'leptin', 'M2a macrophage', and 'microbiome'. With this concept of pro-inflammatory markers contributing to EOCRC, increased use of chemo-preventative agents such as aspirin may have a protective effect. Elucidating this association between obesity-related, hormone/cytokine-driven inflammatory effects with EOCRC may help lead to new therapeutic targets in preventing and treating EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Jones
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Katharina M. Scheurlen
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Anne Macleod
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
| | - Hillary L. Simon
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (A.N.J.); (A.M.); (H.L.S.)
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Yan L, Geng Q, Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Wei L, Tan Y, He X, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C. Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115753. [PMID: 37871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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QIU T, NIU L, ZHANG Y, LV Y. The inhibition of HACE1 ameliorates inflammatory responses in citrobacter rodentium-induced murine colitis through Nrf2/ NLRP3 signaling pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.124122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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Du C, Liu X, Li M, Zhao Y, Li J, Wen Z, Liu M, Yang M, Fu B, Wei M. Analysis of 5-Methylcytosine Regulators and DNA Methylation-Driven Genes in Colon Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:657092. [PMID: 35174154 PMCID: PMC8842075 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epigenetic-driven events are important molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The 5-methylcytosine (5mC) regulators play important roles in the methylation-driven gene expression. However, the effect of the 5mC regulators on the oncogenic pathways in colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. Also, the clinical value of such epigenetic-driven events needs further research. Methods: The transcriptome and matching epigenetic data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. The gene set variation analysis identified the oncogenic pathways adjusted by 5mC regulators. The “edgeR” and “methylmix” package identified the differential expression genes of DNA methylation-driven genes. The correlation between 5mC regulators or transcription factors and shortlisted genes was investigated by calculating the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Among them, the genes related to diagnosis were screened out based on differential gene expression in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by the “limma” package and histology by immunohistochemistry. Then, a risk signature was constructed by fitting the generalized linear model and validated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: MYC targets pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase–AKT–mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were identified as the hallmark-related pathways associated with 5mC regulators. Also, the P53 pathway was subject to the influence of regulators' expression. A five methylation-driven gene signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) was developed as the biomarker for CC diagnosis. Meanwhile, those genes positively related to 5mC regulators and interacted with their relevant or transcription factors. Conclusion: In general, 5mC regulators are positively related to each other and DNA methylation-driven genes, with the relationship of multiple active and inhibitory pathways related to cancer. Meanwhile, the signature (FIRRE, MYBL2, TGFBI, AXIN2, and SLC35D3) can prefigure prospective diagnosis in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - XinLi Liu
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhikang Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meina Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boshi Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zhao J, Lin H, Huang K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles Transmitting MicroRNA-34a-5p Suppress Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer Through c-MYC/DNMT3a/PTEN Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:47-60. [PMID: 34623601 PMCID: PMC8786758 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell–derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EV) can transport microRNAs (miRNAs) into colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thus to inhibit the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Whether MSC-EV could deliver miR-34a-5p to suppress CRC development was surveyed through the research. miR-34a-5p, c-MYC, DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a), and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression were measured in CRC tissues and cell lines. miR-34a-5p and c-MYC expression were altered by transfection in HCT-116 cells. MSC-EV were transfected with miR-34a-5p- and c-MYC-related oligonucleotides and co-cultured with HCT-116 cells. HCT-116 cell growth after treatment was observed. Furthermore, the functional roles of miR-34a-5p and c-MYC were explored in vivo. The combined interactions of miR-34a-5p/c-MYC/DNMT3a/PTEN axis were assessed. miR-34a-5p and PTEN were downregulated while c-MYC and DNMT3a were upregulated in CRC. Depletion of miR-34a-5p drove while that of c-MYC restricted CRC cell growth. MSC-EV retarded CRC progression. Moreover, MSC-EV carrying overexpressed miR-34a-5p or depleted c-MYC further disrupted CRC cell progression. miR-34a-5p targeted c-MYC to regulate DNMT3a and PTEN. c-MYC overexpression abrogated EV-derived miR-34a-5p upregulation-induced effects on CRC. Restoring miR-34a-5p or depleting c-MYC in MSC-EV limited CRC tumor formation. MSC-EV-derived miR-34a-5p depresses CRC development through modulating the binding of c-MYC to DNMT3a and epigenetically regulating PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangning Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huanrong Lin
- Gastrointestinal Peritoneal Cancer Surgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 1 Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunsong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
The mutational landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC) does not enable predictions to be made about the survival of patients or their response to therapy. Instead, studying the polarization and activation profiles of immune cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment has been shown to be more informative, thus making CRC a prototypical example of the importance of an inflammatory microenvironment for tumorigenesis. Here, we review our current understanding of how colon cancer cells interact with their microenvironment, comprised of immune cells, stromal cells and the intestinal microbiome, to suppress or escape immune responses and how inflammatory processes shape the immune pathogenesis of CRC.
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Luo M, Yang X, Chen HN, Nice EC, Huang C. Drug resistance in colorectal cancer: An epigenetic overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188623. [PMID: 34481016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite significant progress that has been made in therapies against CRC over the past decades, drug resistance is still a major limitation in CRC treatment. Numerous investigations have unequivocally shown that epigenetic regulation plays an important role in CRC drug resistance because of the high rate of epigenetic alterations in multiple genes during cancer development or drug treatment. Furthermore, the reversibility of epigenetic alterations provides novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance using small molecules, which can target non-coding RNAs or reverse histone modification and DNA methylation. In this review, we discuss epigenetic regulation in CRC drug resistance and the possible role of preventing or reversing CRC drug resistance using epigenetic therapy in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochao Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Canhua Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Hu C, Liu X, Zeng Y, Liu J, Wu F. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors combination therapy for the treatment of solid tumor: mechanism and clinical application. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:166. [PMID: 34452630 PMCID: PMC8394595 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, regulates gene transcription and maintains genome stability. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors can activate silenced genes at low doses and cause cytotoxicity at high doses. The ability of DNMT inhibitors to reverse epimutations is the basis of their use in novel strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we examined the literature on DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. We summarized the mechanisms underlying combination therapy using DNMT inhibitors and clinical trials based on combining hypomethylation agents with other chemotherapeutic drugs. We also discussed the efficacy of such compounds as antitumor agents, the need to optimize treatment schedules and the regimens for maximal biologic effectiveness. Notably, the combination of DNMT inhibitors and chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors may provide helpful insights into the development of efficient therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Cancer Mega-Data Intelligent Application and Engineering Research Centre, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Mao G, Zhou B, Xu W, Jiao N, Wu Z, Li J, Liu Y. Hsa_circ_0040809 regulates colorectal cancer development by upregulating methyltransferase DNMT1 via targeting miR-515-5p. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3388. [PMID: 34438465 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators in the progression of various cancers. Abnormal DNA methylation patterns feature prominently in the regulation of the expression of tumor-related genes. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of circ_0040809 affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by regulating DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). METHODS circ_0040809 was selected from the circRNA microarray datasets (GSE142837 and GSE138589). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to examine the expression of circ_0040809, miR-515-5p, and DNMT1 mRNA in paired cancerous and paracancerous tissues of 40 CRC patients, as well as in cell lines. Western blotting was conducted for detecting DNMT1 protein expression in CRC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were assessed through CCK-8, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase gene assay were conducted to predict and verify, respectively, the targeted relationships between circ_0040809 and miR-515-5p, as well as between miR-515-5p and DNMT1 mRNA. RESULTS In CRC tissues and cells, circ_0040809 and DNMT1 expression are markedly increased, whereas miR-515-5p expression is decreased. Also, high circ_0040809 expression is significantly linked to shorter overall survival. Cell function compensation experiments reveal that circ_0040809 silencing inhibits CRC cell proliferation and migration and promotes apoptosis, while circ_0040809 overexpression has the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ_0040809 competitively binds to miR-515-5p to elevate DNMT1 expression. Rescue assay reveals that overexpressed miR-515-5p partly counteracts the tumor-facilitating impact of circ_0040809. CONCLUSIONS circ_0040809 facilitates CRC cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits apoptosis, through modulating miR-515-5p/DNMT1 axis. Our study implies that targeting circ_0040809 may be a therapy strategy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Mao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wuqin Xu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Nanlin Jiao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Research Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Shao Z, Wang T, Zhang M, Jiang Z, Huang S, Zeng P. IUSMMT: Survival mediation analysis of gene expression with multiple DNA methylation exposures and its application to cancers of TCGA. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009250. [PMID: 34464378 PMCID: PMC8437300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective and powerful survival mediation models are currently lacking. To partly fill such knowledge gap, we particularly focus on the mediation analysis that includes multiple DNA methylations acting as exposures, one gene expression as the mediator and one survival time as the outcome. We proposed IUSMMT (intersection-union survival mixture-adjusted mediation test) to effectively examine the existence of mediation effect by fitting an empirical three-component mixture null distribution. With extensive simulation studies, we demonstrated the advantage of IUSMMT over existing methods. We applied IUSMMT to ten TCGA cancers and identified multiple genes that exhibited mediating effects. We further revealed that most of the identified regions, in which genes behaved as active mediators, were cancer type-specific and exhibited a full mediation from DNA methylation CpG sites to the survival risk of various types of cancers. Overall, IUSMMT represents an effective and powerful alternative for survival mediation analysis; our results also provide new insights into the functional role of DNA methylation and gene expression in cancer progression/prognosis and demonstrate potential therapeutic targets for future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Shao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiping Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Kong C, Fu T. Value of methylation markers in colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:177. [PMID: 34212989 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial and multistage process that occurs due to both genetic and epigenetic variations in normal epithelial cells. Analysis of the CRC epigenome has revealed that almost all CRC types have a large number of abnormally methylated genes. Hypermethylation of cell‑free DNA from CRC in the blood or stool is considered as a potential non‑invasive cancer biomarker, and various methylation markers have shown high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of the present review was to examine potential methylation markers in CRC that have been used or are expected to be used in the clinical setting, focusing on their screening, predictive, prognostic and therapeutic roles in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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14
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Li Y, Fan H, Yuan F, Lu L, Liu J, Feng W, Zhang HG, Chen SY. Sulforaphane Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Apoptosis in Human Neural Crest Cells Through Diminishing Ethanol-Induced Hypermethylation at the Promoters of the Genes Encoding the Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622152. [PMID: 33634123 PMCID: PMC7900432 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest cell (NCC) is a multipotent progenitor cell population that is sensitive to ethanol and is implicated in the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Studies have shown that sulforaphane (SFN) can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis in NCCs. This study aims to investigate whether ethanol exposure can induce apoptosis in human NCCs (hNCCs) through epigenetically suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and whether SFN can restore the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and prevent apoptosis in ethanol-exposed hNCCs. We found that ethanol exposure resulted in a significant increase in the expression of DNMT3a and the activity of DNMTs. SFN treatment diminished the ethanol-induced upregulation of DNMT3a and dramatically reduced the activity of DNMTs in ethanol-exposed hNCCs. We also found that ethanol exposure induced hypermethylation at the promoter regions of two inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP), NAIP and XIAP, in hNCCs, which were prevented by co-treatment with SFN. SFN treatment also significantly diminished ethanol-induced downregulation of NAIP and XIAP in hNCCs. The knockdown of DNMT3a significantly enhanced the effects of SFN on preventing the ethanol-induced repression of NAIP and XIAP and apoptosis in hNCCs. These results demonstrate that SFN can prevent ethanol-induced apoptosis in hNCCs by preventing ethanol-induced hypermethylation at the promoter regions of the genes encoding the IAP proteins and diminishing ethanol-induced repression of NAIP and XIAP through modulating DNMT3a expression and DNMT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huadong Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Fuqiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lanhai Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Science Center, Louisville, KY, United States
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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