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Wang W, An Q, Huang K, Dai Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Unlocking the power of Lactoferrin: Exploring its role in early life and its preventive potential for adult chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114143. [PMID: 38519174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition during the early postnatal period exerts a profound impact on both infant development and later-life health. Breast milk, which contains lactoferrin, a dynamic protein, plays a crucial role in the growth of various biological systems and in preventing numerous chronic diseases. Based on the relationship between early infant development and chronic diseases later in life, this paper presents a review of the effects of lactoferrin in early life on neonates intestinal tract, immune system, nervous system, adipocyte development, and early intestinal microflora establishment, as well as the preventive and potential mechanisms of early postnatal lactoferrin against adult allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, cancer, and obesity. Furthermore, we summarized the application status of lactoferrin in the early postnatal period and suggested directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Dai
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Jańczuk A, Brodziak A, Czernecki T, Król J. Lactoferrin-The Health-Promoting Properties and Contemporary Application with Genetic Aspects. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010070. [PMID: 36613286 PMCID: PMC9818722 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to present a review of literature data on lactoferrin's characteristics, applications, and multiple health-promoting properties, with special regard to nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. The article presents a new approach to food ingredients. Nowadays, lactoferrin is used as an ingredient in food but mainly in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In the European Union, bovine lactoferrin has been legally approved for use as a food ingredient since 2012. However, as our research shows, it is not widely used in food production. The major producers of lactoferrin and the few available food products containing it are listed in the article. Due to anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumour activity, the possibility of lactoferrin use in disease prevention (as a supportive treatment in obesity, diabetes, as well as cardiovascular diseases, including iron deficiency and anaemia) is reported. The possibility of targeted use of lactoferrin is also presented. The use of nutrition genomics, based on the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes, for example, FTO, PLIN1, TRAP2B, BDNF, SOD2, SLC23A1, LPL, and MTHFR, allows for the effective stratification of people and the selection of the most optimal bioactive nutrients, including lactoferrin, whose bioactive potential cannot be considered without taking into account the group to which they will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jańczuk
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Brodziak
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-8-1445-6836
| | - Tomasz Czernecki
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Dietitian Service, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Król
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Li W, Liu B, Lin Y, Xue P, Lu Y, Song S, Li Y, Szeto IMY, Ren F, Guo H. The application of lactoferrin in infant formula: The past, present and future. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5748-5767. [PMID: 36533432 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2157792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is universally regarded as the gold standard to fulfill nutrition needs of infants. Lactoferrin (LF) is a major multiple bioactive glycoprotein in human milk but little is presented in infant formula. LF can resist digestion in the infant gastrointestinal tract and is absorbed into the bloodstream in an intact form to perform physiological functions. Evidence suggest that LF prevents pathogen infection, promotes immune system development, intestinal development, brain development and bone health, as well as ameliorates iron deficiency anemia. However, more clinical studies of LF need to be further elucidated to determine an appropriate dosage for application in infant formula. LF is sensitive to denaturation induced by processing of infant formula such as heat treatments and spay drying. Thus, further studies should be focus on maximizing the retention of LF activity in the infant formula process. This review summarizes the structural features of LF. Then the digestion, absorption and metabolism of LF in infants are discussed, followed by the function of LF for infants. Further, we summarize LF in infant formula and effects of processing of infant formula on bioactivities of LF, as well as future perspectives of LF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yingying Lin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sijia Song
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, PR China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Cavaletto M, Givonetti A, Cattaneo C. The Immunological Role of Milk Fat Globule Membrane. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214574. [PMID: 36364836 PMCID: PMC9655658 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the ideal food for newborns until the age of six months. Human milk can be defined as a dynamic living tissue, containing immunological molecules, such as immunoglobulins, supra-molecular structures, such as the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and even entire cells, such as the milk microbiota. The milk composition changes throughout lactation to fulfill the infant’s requirements and reflect the healthy/disease status of the lactating mother. Many bioactive milk components are either soluble or bound to the MFGM. In this work, we focus on the peculiar role of the MFGM components, from their structural organization in fat globules to their route into the gastrointestinal tract. Immunometabolic differences between human and bovine MFGM components are reported and the advantages of supplementing infant formula with the MFGM are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Givonetti
- Department of Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Department of Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Li Z, He H, Ni M, Wang Z, Guo C, Niu Y, Xing S, Song M, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Yu L, Li M, Xu H. Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis of the Immune Microenvironment of the Cecal Contents, Soft Feces, and Hard Feces of Hyplus Rabbits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5725442. [PMID: 36466090 PMCID: PMC9713467 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5725442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites play vital roles in host growth, development, and immune regulation. This study analyzed the microbial community distribution and the cytokine and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content of cecal contents (Con group), soft feces (SF group), and hard feces (HF group) of 60-day-old Hyplus rabbits and verified the effect of soft feces on the cecal immune microenvironment by coprophagy prevention (CP). The results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of phylum and genus composition, cytokines, and SCFAs among the Con group, SF group, and HF group. The correlation analysis of cytokines and SCFAs with differential microbial communities showed that Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_Group are closely related to cytokines and SCFAs. After CP treatment, the contents of propionic acid, butyric acid, IL-4, and IL-10 in cecum decreased significantly, whereas TNF-α and IL-1β increased significantly. Moreover, the inhibition of coprophagy led to the downregulation of the expression levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1) related to intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier function, and the ring-like structure of ZO-1 was disrupted. In conclusion, coprophagy can not only help rabbits obtain more probiotics and SCFAs but also play an essential role in improving the immune microenvironment of cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengke Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhouyan Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Chaohui Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yufang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mingkun Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Sawale M, Ozadali F, Valentine CJ, Benyathiar P, Drolia R, Mishra DK. Impact of bovine lactoferrin fortification on pathogenic organisms to attenuate the risk of infection for infants. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Miyakawa M, Oda H, Tanaka M. Clinical research review: usefulness of bovine lactoferrin in child health. Biometals 2022; 36:473-489. [PMID: 35941293 PMCID: PMC10182119 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is abundant in human milk and plays an important role in the health of children. Bovine LF (bLF) has high homology with human LF and has been reported to have multiple biological functions. Several clinical studies have been conducted considering these properties, which reported the usefulness of bLF. This review was aimed to provide an overview of the clinical evidence in children. We searched clinical reports investigating the effects of bLF in children and identified 36 studies on the role of bLF in infections, iron metabolism, body growth, cerebral development, and fecal microbiome. Considering the accumulated evidence, bLF may contribute to the child health, particularly by suppressing or alleviating gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and improving the iron status of children with anemia or those at high risk of anemia. The dose of bLF varies depending on the expected effect and target age, but may not necessarily have to be as high as human LF in human milk. Some of the beneficial effects of bLF have not been fully validated due to limited clinical evidence or being observed in the secondary analysis of some studies. Further clinical evidence would add significant value to the use of bLF in child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Miyakawa
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry, Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Chai C, Oh S, Imm JY. Roles of Milk Fat Globule Membrane on Fat Digestion and Infant Nutrition. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:351-371. [PMID: 35611078 PMCID: PMC9108948 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fats are present as globules emulsified in the aqueous phase of milk and stabilized by a delicate membrane architecture called milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The unique structure and composition of the MFGM play an important role in fat digestion and the metabolic programming of neonates. The objective of this review is to compare the structure, composition, and physicochemical characteristics of fat globules in human milk, bovine milk, and infant formula. It provides an overview of the fat digestion process and enzymes in healthy infants, and describes the possible roles of the MFGM in association with factors affecting fat digestion. Lastly, the health benefits of the MFGM on infant nutrition and future perspectives are discussed with a focus on brain development, metabolic response, and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Chai
- Department of Applied Animal Science,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sejong Oh
- Devision of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Imm
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Kookmin
University, Seoul 02707, Korea
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van Heijningen S, Karapetsas G, van der Beek EM, van Dijk G, Schipper L. Early Life Exposure to a Diet With a Supramolecular Lipid Structure Close to That of Mammalian Milk Improves Early Life Growth, Skeletal Development, and Later Life Neurocognitive Function in Individually and Socially Housed Male C57BL/6J Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:838711. [PMID: 35573304 PMCID: PMC9099012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.838711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding (duration) can be positively associated with infant growth outcomes as well as improved cognitive functions during childhood and later life stages. (Prolonged) exposure to optimal lipid quantity and quality, i.e., the supramolecular structure of lipids, in mammalian milk, may contribute to these beneficial effects through nutritional early-life programming. In this pre-clinical study, we exposed male C57BL/6J mice from post-natal Days 16 to 42 (i.e., directly following normal lactation), to a diet with large lipid droplets coated with bovine milk fat globule membrane-derived phospholipids, which mimic more closely the supramolecular structure of lipid droplets in mammalian milk. We investigated whether exposure to this diet could affect growth and brain development-related parameters. As these outcomes are also known to be affected by the post-weaning social environment in mice, we included both individually housed and pair-wise housed animals and studied whether effects of diet were modulated by the social environment. After Day 42, all the animals were fed standard semi-synthetic rodent diet. Growth and body composition were assessed, and the mice were subjected to various behavioral tests. Individual housing attenuated adolescent growth, reduced femur length, and increased body fat mass. Adult social interest was increased due to individual housing, while cognitive and behavioral alterations as a result of different housing conditions were modest. The diet increased adolescent growth and femur length, increased lean body mass, reduced adolescent anxiety, and improved adult cognitive performance. These effects of diet exposure were comparable between individually and socially housed mice. Hence, early life exposure to a diet with lipid droplets that mimic the supramolecular structure of those in mammalian milk may improve adolescent growth and alters brain function in both socially and individually housed mice. These findings suggest that lipid structure in infant milk formula may be a relevant target for nutritional solutions, targeting both healthy infants and infants facing growth challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen van Heijningen
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Karapetsas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eline M. van der Beek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Schipper
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Lidewij Schipper,
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