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Furuta T, Morita T, Miura G, Naito E. Structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17243. [PMID: 39060339 PMCID: PMC11282224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery is a higher-order cognitive brain function that mentally simulates movements without performing the actual physical one. Although motor imagery has attracted the interest of many researchers, and mental practice utilizing motor imagery has been widely used in sports training and post-stroke rehabilitation, neural bases that determine individual differences in motor imagery ability are not well understood. In this study, using controllability of motor imagery (CMI) test that can objectively evaluate individual ability to manipulate one's imaginary postures, we examined structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery, by analyzing T1-weighted structural MRI data obtained from 89 participants and functional MRI data obtained from 28 of 89 participants. The higher CMI test scorers had larger volume in the bilateral superior frontoparietal white matter regions. The CMI test activated the bilateral dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) and superior parietal lobule (SPL); specifically, the left PMD and/or the right SPL enhanced functional coupling with the visual body, somatosensory, and motor/kinesthetic areas in the higher scorers. Hence, controllability of motor imagery is higher for those who well-develop superior frontoparietal network, and for those whose this network accesses these sensory areas to predict the expected multisensory experiences during motor imagery. This study elucidated for the first time the structural and functional features characterizing the brains of individuals with higher controllability of motor imagery, and advanced understanding of individual differences in motor imagery ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Furuta
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Morita
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gen Miura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Naito
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Morozova M, Nasibullina A, Yakovlev L, Syrov N, Kaplan A, Lebedev M. Tactile versus motor imagery: differences in corticospinal excitability assessed with single-pulse TMS. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14862. [PMID: 38937562 PMCID: PMC11211487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tactile Imagery (TI) remains a fairly understudied phenomenon despite growing attention to this topic in recent years. Here, we investigated the effects of TI on corticospinal excitability by measuring motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effects of TI were compared with those of tactile stimulation (TS) and kinesthetic motor imagery (kMI). Twenty-two participants performed three tasks in randomly assigned order: imagine finger tapping (kMI); experience vibratory sensations in the middle finger (TS); and mentally reproduce the sensation of vibration (TI). MEPs increased during both kMI and TI, with a stronger increase for kMI. No statistically significant change in MEP was observed during TS. The demonstrated differential effects of kMI, TI and TS on corticospinal excitability have practical implications for devising the imagery-based and TS-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly the ones intended to improve neurorehabilitation by evoking plasticity changes in sensorimotor circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morozova
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Aigul Nasibullina
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Lev Yakovlev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia.
| | - Nikolay Syrov
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lebedev
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Connelly N, Welsby E, Lange B, Hordacre B. Virtual Reality Action Observation and Motor Imagery to Enhance Neuroplastic Capacity in the Human Motor Cortex: A Pilot Double-blind, Randomized Cross-over Trial. Neuroscience 2024; 549:92-100. [PMID: 38705350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is important for learning, development and recovery from injury. Therapies that can upregulate neuroplasticity are therefore of interest across a range of fields. We developed a novel virtual reality action observation and motor imagery (VR-AOMI) intervention and evaluated whether it could enhance the efficacy of mechanisms of neuroplasticity in the human motor cortex of healthy adults. A secondary question was to explore predictors of the change in neuroplasticity following VR-AOMI. A pre-registered, pilot randomized controlled cross-over trial was performed. Twenty right-handed adults (13 females; mean age: 23.0 ± 4.53 years) completed two experimental conditions in separate sessions; VR-AOMI and control. We used intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to induce long term potentiation-like plasticity in the motor cortex and recorded motor evoked potentials at multiple timepoints as a measure of corticospinal excitability. The VR-AOMI task did not significantly increase the change in MEP amplitude following iTBS when compared to the control task (Group × Timepoint interaction p = 0.17). However, regression analysis identified the change in iTBS response following VR-AOMI was significantly predicted by the baseline iTBS response in the control task. Specifically, participants that did not exhibit the expected increase in MEP amplitude following iTBS in the control condition appear to have greater excitability following iTBS in the VR-AOMI condition (r = -0.72, p < 0.001). Engaging in VR-AOMI might enhance capacity for neuroplasticity in some people who typically do not respond to iTBS. VR-AOMI may prime the brain for enhanced neuroplasticity in this sub-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Connelly
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ellana Welsby
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Belinda Lange
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- Innovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation (IIMPACT) in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Cao Z, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Xu JG. Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface rehabilitation programs enhance upper extremity performance and cortical activation in stroke patients. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:91. [PMID: 38812014 PMCID: PMC11134735 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most challenging aspect of rehabilitation is the repurposing of residual functional plasticity in stroke patients. To achieve this, numerous plasticity-based clinical rehabilitation programs have been developed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) rehabilitation programs on upper extremity hand function in patients with chronic hemiplegia. DESIGN A 2010 Consolidated Standards for Test Reports (CONSORT)-compliant randomized controlled trial. METHODS Forty-six eligible stroke patients with upper limb motor dysfunction participated in the study, six of whom dropped out. The patients were randomly divided into a BCI group and a control group. The BCI group received BCI therapy and conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the control group received conventional rehabilitation only. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score was used as the primary outcome to evaluate upper extremity motor function. Additionally, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were performed on all patients before and after treatment, in both the resting and task states. We measured the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), z conversion of ALFF (zALFF), and z conversion of ReHo (ReHo) in the resting state. The task state was divided into four tasks: left-hand grasping, right-hand grasping, imagining left-hand grasping, and imagining right-hand grasping. Finally, meaningful differences were assessed using correlation analysis of the clinical assessments and functional measures. RESULTS A total of 40 patients completed the study, 20 in the BCI group and 20 in the control group. Task-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) analysis showed that when performing the motor grasping task with the affected hand, the BCI group exhibited significant activation in the ipsilateral middle cingulate gyrus, precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and contralateral middle cingulate gyrus. When imagining a grasping task with the affected hand, the BCI group exhibited greater activation in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus (medial) and middle frontal gyrus after treatment. However, the activation of the contralateral superior frontal gyrus decreased in the BCI group relative to the control group. Resting-state fMRI revealed increased zALFF in multiple cerebral regions, including the contralateral precentral gyrus and calcarine and the ipsilateral middle occipital gyrus and cuneus, and decreased zALFF in the ipsilateral superior temporal gyrus in the BCI group relative to the control group. Increased zReHo in the ipsilateral cuneus and contralateral calcarine and decreased zReHo in the contralateral middle temporal gyrus, temporal pole, and superior temporal gyrus were observed post-intervention. According to the subsequent correlation analysis, the increase in the FMA-UE score showed a positive correlation with the mean zALFF of the contralateral precentral gyrus (r = 0.425, P < 0.05), the mean zReHo of the right cuneus (r = 0.399, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, BCI therapy is effective and safe for arm rehabilitation after severe poststroke hemiparesis. The correlation of the zALFF of the contralateral precentral gyrus and the zReHo of the ipsilateral cuneus with motor improvements suggested that these values can be used as prognostic measures for BCI-based stroke rehabilitation. We found that motor function was related to visual and spatial processing, suggesting potential avenues for refining treatment strategies for stroke patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (number ChiCTR2000034848, registered July 21, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Department of Tuina, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Rehabilitation Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Tien HP, Chang EC. Inequivalent and uncorrelated response priming in motor imagery and execution. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1363495. [PMID: 38860046 PMCID: PMC11163096 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1363495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Theoretical considerations on motor imagery and motor execution have long been dominated by the functional equivalence view. Previous empirical works comparing these two modes of actions, however, have largely relied on subjective judgments on the imagery process, which may be exposed to various biases. The current study aims to re-examine the commonality and distinguishable aspects of motor imagery and execution via a response repetition paradigm. This framework aims to offer an alternative approach devoid of self-reporting, opening the opportunity for less subjective evaluation of the disparities and correlations between motor imagery and motor execution. Methods Participants performed manual speeded-choice on prime-probe pairs in each trial under three conditions distinguished by the modes of response on the prime: mere observation (Perceptual), imagining response (Imagery), and actual responses (Execution). Responses to the following probe were all actual execution of button press. While Experiment 1 compared the basic repetition effects in the three prime conditions, Experiment 2 extended the prime duration to enhance the quality of MI and monitored electromyography (EMG) for excluding prime imagery with muscle activities to enhance specificity of the underlying mechanism. Results In Experiment 1, there was no significant repetition effect after mere observation. However, significant repetition effects were observed in both imagery and execution conditions, respectively, which were also significantly correlated. In Experiment 2, trials with excessive EMG activities were excluded before further statistical analysis. A consistent repetition effect pattern in both Imagery and Execution but not the Perception condition. Now the correlation between Imagery and Execution conditions were not significant. Conclusion Findings from the current study provide a novel application of a classical paradigm, aiming to minimize the subjectivity inherent in imagery assessments while examining the relationship between motor imagery and motor execution. By highlighting differences and the absence of correlation in repetition effects, the study challenges the functional equivalence hypothesis of imagery and execution. Motor representations of imagery and execution, when measured without subjective judgments, appear to be more distinguishable than traditionally thought. Future studies may examine the neural underpinnings of the response repetition paradigm to further elucidating the common and separable aspects of these two modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Tien
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Central University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Erik C. Chang
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Sciences and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yamada M, Barclift AD, Raisbeck LD. The Effect of Motor Imagery Practice on an Aiming Task with Attentional Focus Cues. J Mot Behav 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38735557 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2024.2350721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
When one directs their attention to an intended effect (external focus of attention, EFOA), motor performance is generally better than when one directs their attention to their own body movements (internal focus of attention, IFOA). However, the effect of attentional focus is unclear when a skill is practiced through motor imagery (MI) in the absence of physical trials. Participants (N = 30, M = 22.33 yrs, SD = 2.69) in the present study completed three physical trials of a reciprocal aiming task before and (24-h) after MI practice. During MI practice, the EFOA (n = 15) and IFOA (n = 15) groups mentally practiced the task with no physical practice with EFOA-MI or IFOA-MI, respectively, for three consecutive days. Our results showed that both groups significantly improved in accuracy (F1,28 = 6.49, p = .017), supporting the benefit of MI in motor skill acquisition. However, a significant effect of attentional focus was not observed (F1.,28 = 0.445, p = 0.51). We discussed two potential explanations: EFOA/IFOA requires physical trials to affect performance, or individuals must use both EFOA and IFOA in the process of creating imagery of the environment and movements, which may obscure the effect of EFOA and IFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamada
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Neuroplasticity & Motor Behavior Lab, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Whittier College, Whittier, California, USA
| | - Amanda D Barclift
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Louisa D Raisbeck
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Halicka M, Cousins OR, Ten Brink AF, Vittersø AD, Proulx MJ, Bultitude JH. Reduced Visuospatial Attention in Personal Space is Not Limited to the Affected Limb in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. J Pain Res 2024; 17:1519-1529. [PMID: 38686102 PMCID: PMC11056436 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s437366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alterations in spatial attention have been reported in people with chronic pain and may be relevant to understanding its cortical mechanisms and developing novel treatments. There is conflicting evidence as to whether people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) have reduced visuospatial attention to their affected limb and/or its surrounding space, with some evidence that these deficits may be greater in personal (bodily) space. We aimed to test the competing hypotheses of whether the visuospatial attentional bias is specific to the personal space of the affected limb or generalizes to the personal space of other parts of the affected side of the body. Patients and Methods Using visual Temporal Order Judgement tasks, we measured spatial attention in the personal space of the hands and feet of patients with upper (n=14) or lower (n=14) limb CRPS and pain-free controls (n=17). Participants judged the order of two light flashes presented at different temporal offsets on each of their hands or feet. Slower processing of the flash on one side relative to the other reflects reduced attention to that side of space. Results Controls prioritized stimuli on the non-dominant (left) relative to dominant side, consistent with the well-documented normal leftward bias of attention (ie "pseudoneglect"). Regardless of the location (upper or lower limb) of the pain or visual stimuli, people with CRPS showed no such asymmetry, representing reduced attention to the affected side (compared to the greater attention of controls to their non-dominant side). More severe CRPS symptoms were associated with a greater tendency to deprioritize stimuli on the affected side. Conclusion Our findings suggest that relative visuospatial bias in CRPS is generalized to the personal space of the affected side of the body, rather than being specific to the personal space of the CRPS-affected limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Halicka
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universite catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Antonia F Ten Brink
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Axel D Vittersø
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Janet H Bultitude
- Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Della Vedova G, Proverbio AM. Neural signatures of imaginary motivational states: desire for music, movement and social play. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01047-1. [PMID: 38625520 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The literature has demonstrated the potential for detecting accurate electrical signals that correspond to the will or intention to move, as well as decoding the thoughts of individuals who imagine houses, faces or objects. This investigation examines the presence of precise neural markers of imagined motivational states through the combining of electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods. 20 participants were instructed to vividly imagine the desire to move, listen to music or engage in social activities. Their EEG was recorded from 128 scalp sites and analysed using individual standardized Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomographies (LORETAs) in the N400 time window (400-600 ms). The activation of 1056 voxels was examined in relation to the 3 motivational states. The most active dipoles were grouped in eight regions of interest (ROI), including Occipital, Temporal, Fusiform, Premotor, Frontal, OBF/IF, Parietal, and Limbic areas. The statistical analysis revealed that all motivational imaginary states engaged the right hemisphere more than the left hemisphere. Distinct markers were identified for the three motivational states. Specifically, the right temporal area was more relevant for "Social Play", the orbitofrontal/inferior frontal cortex for listening to music, and the left premotor cortex for the "Movement" desire. This outcome is encouraging in terms of the potential use of neural indicators in the realm of brain-computer interface, for interpreting the thoughts and desires of individuals with locked-in syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Della Vedova
- Cognitive Electrophysiology lab, Dept. of Psychology, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy
| | - Alice Mado Proverbio
- Cognitive Electrophysiology lab, Dept. of Psychology, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy.
- NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Psychology of University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo nuovo 1, Milan, 20162, Italy.
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Kotegawa K, Kuroda N, Sakata J, Teramoto W. Association between visuo-spatial working memory and gait motor imagery. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 94:103185. [PMID: 38320427 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Although motor imagery and working memory (WM) appear to be closely linked, no previous studies have demonstrated direct evidence for the relationship between motor imagery and WM abilities. This study investigated the association between WM and gait motor imagery and focused on the individual differences in young adults. This study included 33 participants (mean age: 22.2 ± 0.9 years). We used two methods to measure the ability of different WM domains: verbal and visuo-spatial WM. Gait motor imagery accuracy was assessed via the mental chronometry paradigm. We measured the times participants took to complete an actual and imagined walk along a 5 m walkway, with three different path widths. The linear mixed effects model analysis revealed that visuo-spatial WM ability was a significant predictor of the accuracy of gait motor imagery, but not of verbal WM ability. Specifically, individuals with lower visuo-spatial WM ability demonstrated more inaccuracies in the difficult path-width conditions. However, gait motor imagery was not as accurate as actual walking even in the easiest path width or in participants with high visuo-spatial WM ability. Further, visuo-spatial WM ability was significantly correlated with mental walking but not with actual walking. These results suggest that visuo-spatial WM is related to motor imagery rather than actual movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kotegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kuroda
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Sakata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Tanakakai, Musashigaoka Hospital, 7-15-1 Kusunoki, Kumamoto 861-8003, Japan
| | - Wataru Teramoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Alsuradi H, Khattak A, Fakhry A, Eid M. Individual-finger motor imagery classification: a data-driven approach with Shapley-informed augmentation. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026013. [PMID: 38479013 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad33b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Classifying motor imagery (MI) tasks that involve fine motor control of the individual five fingers presents unique challenges when utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this paper, we systematically assess the classification of MI functions for the individual five fingers using single-trial time-domain EEG signals. This assessment encompasses both within-subject and cross-subject scenarios, supported by data-driven analysis that provides statistical validation of the neural correlate that could potentially discriminate between the five fingers.Approach. We present Shapley-informed augmentation, an informed approach to enhance within-subject classification accuracy. This method is rooted in insights gained from our data-driven analysis, which revealed inconsistent temporal features encoding the five fingers MI across sessions of the same subject. To evaluate its impact, we compare within-subject classification performance both before and after implementing this augmentation technique.Main results. Both the data-driven approach and the model explainability analysis revealed that the parietal cortex contains neural information that helps discriminate the individual five fingers' MI apart. Shapley-informed augmentation successfully improved classification accuracy in sessions severely affected by inconsistent temporal features. The accuracy for sessions impacted by inconsistency in their temporal features increased by an average of26.3%±6.70, thereby enabling a broader range of subjects to benefit from brain-computer interaction (BCI) applications involving five-fingers MI classification. Conversely, non-impacted sessions experienced only a negligible average accuracy decrease of2.01±5.44%. The average classification accuracy achieved is around 60.0% (within-session), 50.0% (within-subject) and 40.0% (leave-one-subject-out).Significance. This research offers data-driven evidence of neural correlates that could discriminate between the individual five fingers MI and introduces a novel Shapley-informed augmentation method to address temporal variability of features, ultimately contributing to the development of personalized systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Alsuradi
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arshiya Khattak
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Fakhry
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Eid
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Putzolu M, Samogin J, Bonassi G, Cosentino C, Mezzarobba S, Botta A, Avanzino L, Mantini D, Vato A, Pelosin E. Motor imagery ability scores are related to cortical activation during gait imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5207. [PMID: 38433230 PMCID: PMC10909887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is the mental execution of actions without overt movements that depends on the ability to imagine. We explored whether this ability could be related to the cortical activity of the brain areas involved in the MI network. To this goal, brain activity was recorded using high-density electroencephalography in nineteen healthy adults while visually imagining walking on a straight path. We extracted Event-Related Desynchronizations (ERDs) in the θ, α, and β band, and we measured MI ability via (i) the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), (ii) the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ), and (iii) the Imagery Ability (IA) score. We then used Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients to correlate MI ability scores and average ERD power (avgERD). Positive correlations were identified between VMIQ and avgERD of the middle cingulum in the β band and with avgERD of the left insula, right precentral area, and right middle occipital region in the θ band. Stronger activation of the MI network was related to better scores of MI ability evaluations, supporting the importance of testing MI ability during MI protocols. This result will help to understand MI mechanisms and develop personalized MI treatments for patients with neurological dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Putzolu
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jessica Samogin
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carola Cosentino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Susanna Mezzarobba
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dante Mantini
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Vato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
- National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA.
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Albany - SUNY, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Hagedoorn L, Ruiz Rodríguez A, van Asseldonk E, Weerdesteyn V. Action observation with motor simulation improves reactive stepping responses following strong backward balance perturbations in healthy young individuals. Gait Posture 2024; 109:126-132. [PMID: 38306781 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adequate reactive steps are critical for preventing falls following balance perturbations. Perturbation-based balance training was shown to improve reactive stepping in various clinical populations, but its delivery is labor-intensive and generally uses expensive equipment. Action observation of reactive steps with either motor imagery (AOMI) or motor simulation (AOMS) are potential alternative training modalities. We here aimed to study their effects on reactive stepping performance. METHODS Sixty healthy young subjects were subjected to forward platform translations that elicited backward reactive steps. The AOMI group (n = 20) was tested after AOMI of an actor's reactive steps, while the AOMS group (n = 20) additionally stepped along with the actor. The control group (n = 20) was tested without any prior observation. Our primary outcome was the step quality of the first trial response, as this best represents a real-life loss-of-balance. Step quality was quantified as the leg angle with respect to the vertical at stepping-foot contact. We also studied single step success rates and reactive step quality across repeated trials. RESULTS Reactive step quality was significantly better in the AOMI and AOMS groups than in the control group, which differences coincided with a twofold higher single step success rate. Reactive step quality improved upon repeated trials in all groups, yet the AOMS group needed the fewest repetitions to reach plateau performance. SIGNIFICANCE The present results demonstrate that both AOMI and AOMS improved first and repeated trial reactive stepping performance. These findings point at the potential applicability of these concepts for home-based reactive balance training, for instance in serious games, with overt movements (AOMS) possibly having some benefits over mental imaginations (AOMI). Whether similar beneficial effects also emerge in the target populations of balance-impaired individuals remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Hagedoorn
- Radboud university medical center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Edwin van Asseldonk
- University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Weerdesteyn
- Radboud university medical center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sugawara AT, De Pretto LR, Simis M, Fregni F, Battistella LR. Primary Motor Area Activity in Phantom Limb Imagery of Traumatic Unilateral Lower Limb Amputees With Phantom Limb Pain. ADVANCES IN REHABILITATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 13:27536351241261023. [PMID: 39045264 PMCID: PMC11265251 DOI: 10.1177/27536351241261023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Estimates of the worldwide increase in amputees raises the awareness to solve long-standing problems. Understanding the functional brain modifications after a lower limb amputation (LLA) is one of the first steps towards proposing new rehabilitation approaches. Functional modifications in the central nervous system due the amputation could be involved in prosthesis use failures and Phantom Limb Pain (PLP), increasing costs and overwhelming the health services. Objective This study analyses orphan primary motor area (M1-Orphan) hemodynamic and metabolic behaviour, which previously controlled the limb that was amputated, in comparison with the M1-Preserved, responsible for the intact limb (IL) during phantom limb imagery moving during Mirror Therapy (MT), compared to Isolated Intact Limb Movement Task (I-ILMT). Methodology A case-control study with unilateral traumatic LLA with moderate PLP who measured [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] in the M1 area by Functional Near InfraredSpectroscopy (fNIRS) during the real (I-ILMT) and MT task. Results Sixty-five patients, with 67.69% of men, young (40.32 ± 12.91), 65.63% amputated due motorcycle accidents, 4.71 ± 7.38 years ago, predominantly above the knee (57.14%). The M1 activation in the orphan cortex did not differ from the activation in the intact cortex during MT (P > .05). Conclusion The perception of the Phantom limb moving or intact limb moving is metabolically equivalent in M1, even in the absence of a limb. In other words, the amputation does not alter the brain metabolism in control of phantom movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Tadeu Sugawara
- Instituto de Medicina Fisica e Reabilitacao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Etica Medica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ramos De Pretto
- Instituto de Medicina Fisica e Reabilitacao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Simis
- Instituto de Medicina Fisica e Reabilitacao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Linamara Rizzo Battistella
- Instituto de Medicina Fisica e Reabilitacao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Legal, Etica Medica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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14
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Dilek B, Yildirim E, Hanoglu L. Low frequency oscillations during hand laterality judgment task with and without personal perspectives: a preliminary study. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1447-1461. [PMID: 37974585 PMCID: PMC10640502 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-023-09974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of personal perspective is crucial for understanding in attentional mechanisms of the perception in "self" or "other's" body. In a hand laterality judgment (HLJ) task, perception of perspective can be assessed by arranging angular orientations and depths of images. A total of 11 healthy, right-handed participants (8 females, mean age: 38.36 years, education: 14 years) were included in the study. The purpose of this study was to investigate behavioural and cortical responses in low-frequency cortical rhythms during a HLJ task. A total of 80-visual hand stimuli were presented through the experiment. Hand visuals were categorized in the way of side (right vs. left) and perspective (1st vs. 3rd personal perspective). Both behavioural outcomes and brain oscillatory characteristics (i.e., frequency and amplitude) of the Electroencephalography were analysed. All reaction time and incorrect answers for 3rd person perspective were higher than the ones for 1st person perspective. Location effect was statistically significant in event-related theta responses confirming the dominant activity of theta frequency in spatial memory tasks on parietal and occipital areas. In addition, we found there were increasing in delta power and phase in hand visuals with 1st person perspective and increasing theta phase in hand visuals with 3rd person perspective (p < 0.05). Accordingly, a clear dissociation in the perception of perspectives in low-frequency bands was revealed. These different cortical strategy in the perception of hand visual with and without perspectives may be interpreted as delta activity may be related in self-body perception, whereas theta activity may be related in allocentric perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dilek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yildirim
- Vocational School, Program of Electroneurophysiology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hill-Jarrett TG. The Black radical imagination: a space of hope and possible futures. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1241922. [PMID: 37808484 PMCID: PMC10557459 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1241922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical imagination entails stepping outside the confines of the now and into the expansiveness of what could be. It has been described as the ability to dream of possible futures and bring these possibilities back to the present to drive social transformation. This perspective paper seeks to provide an overview of the radical imagination and its intersections with Afrofuturism, a framework and artistic epistemology that expresses the Black cultural experience through a space of hope where Blackness is integral. In this paper, I propose three processes that comprise the radical imagination: (1) imagining alternative Black futures, (2) radical hope, and (3) collective courage. I consider the neural networks that underlie each process and consider how the Black radical imagination is a portal through which aging Black adults experience hope and envision futures that drive social change. I conclude with considerations of what brain health and healing justice looks like for aging Black Americans- specifically, how invocation of the Black radical imagination may have positive brain health effects for a demographic group at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha G. Hill-Jarrett
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Planer RJ. The evolution of hierarchically structured communication. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1224324. [PMID: 37767213 PMCID: PMC10520573 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1224324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human language sentences are standardly understood as exhibiting considerable hierarchical structure: they can and typically do contain parts that in turn contain parts, etc. In other words, sentences are thought to generally exhibit significant nested part-whole structure. As far as we can tell, this is not a feature of the gestural or vocal communication systems of our great ape relatives. So, one of the many challenges we face in providing a theory of human language evolution is to explain the evolution of hierarchically structured communication in our line. This article takes up that challenge. More specifically, I first present and motivate an account of hierarchical structure in language that departs significantly from the orthodox conception of such structure in linguistics and evolutionary discussions that draw on linguistic theory. On the account I propose, linguistic structure, including hierarchical structure, is treated as a special case of structured action. This account is rooted in the cognitive neuroscience of action, as opposed to (formal) linguistic theory. Among other things, such an account enables us to see how selection for enhanced capacities of act organization and act control in actors, and for act interpretation in observers, might have constructed the brain machinery necessary for the elaborate forms of hierarchically structured communication that we humans engage in. I flesh out this line of thought, emphasizing in particular the role of hominin technique and technology, and the social learning thereof, as evolutionary drivers of this brain machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Planer
- School of Liberal Arts, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Words, Bones, Genes, and Tools: DFG Center for Advanced Studies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Zheng Y, Xie L, Huang Z, Peng J, Huang S, Guo R, Huang J, Lin Z, Zhuang Z, Yin J, Hou Z, Ma S. Enhanced activity of the left precuneus as a predictor of visuospatial dysfunction correlates with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:276. [PMID: 37559139 PMCID: PMC10413629 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the potential diagnostic biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assess the relation between visuospatial dysfunction and disease activity in RA patients using mental rotation task (MRT)-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS A total of 27 RA patients (11 in remission, 16 in active) and 27 well-matched controls were enrolled. The visuospatial function of the subjects was measured by MRT. Brain activity data were collected using blood oxygen level dependent fMRI technique under MRT. Disease activity score 28 (DAS28) was used to evaluate the disease severity of RA patients. An analysis of the correlations between abnormal visuospatial-related brain regions, MRT performance, and DAS28 was conducted. RESULTS RA patients performed worse on MRT than controls. Compared to the control group, RA patients showed enhanced activation in the left precuneus, left superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus during the rotation task, with left hemisphere dominance. RA patients in active showed enhanced activation in the left precuneus, left middle frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus compared to the patients in remission. The left precuneus activation was negatively correlated with MRT accuracy (r = -0.621, p = 0.01) and positively correlated with DAS28 (r = 0.710, p = 0.002), and MRT accuracy was negatively correlated with DAS28 in RA patients (r = -0.702, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Enhanced activation of the left precuneus in RA patients affects visuospatial function and is closely related to disease activity. These changes may provide a valuable diagnostic neuroimaging biomarker of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zikai Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shuxin Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinzhuang Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zelin Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiduo Hou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Shuhua Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 ChangPing Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Denyer R, Greenhouse I, Boyd LA. PMd and action preparation: bridging insights between TMS and single neuron research. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:759-772. [PMID: 37244800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) research has furthered understanding of human dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) function due to its unrivalled ability to measure the inhibitory and facilitatory influences of PMd over the primary motor cortex (M1) in a temporally precise manner. TMS research indicates that PMd transiently modulates inhibitory output to effector representations within M1 during motor preparation, with the direction of modulation depending on which effectors are selected for response, and the timing of modulations co-varying with task selection demands. In this review, we critically assess this literature in the context of a dynamical systems approach used to model nonhuman primate (NHP) PMd/M1 single-neuron recordings during action preparation. Through this process, we identify gaps in the literature and propose future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Denyer
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA
| | - Lara A Boyd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z3, Canada
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19
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Villa MC, Geminiani GC, Zettin M, Cicerale A, Ronga I, Duca S, Sacco K. Re-learning mental representation of walking after a brain lesion. Effects of a cognitive-motor training with a robotic orthosis. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1177201. [PMID: 37583648 PMCID: PMC10425221 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1177201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke-related deficits often include motor impairments and gait dysfunction, leading to a limitation of social activities and consequently affecting the quality of life of stroke survivors. Neurorehabilitation takes advantage of the contribution of different techniques in order to achieve more benefits for patients. Robotic devices help to improve the outcomes of physical rehabilitation. Moreover, motor imagery seems to play a role in neurological rehabilitation since it leads to the activation of the same brain areas as actual movements. This study investigates the use of a combined physical and cognitive protocol for gait rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods Specifically, we tested the efficacy of a 5-week training program using a robotic orthosis (P.I.G.R.O.) in conjunction with motor imagery training. Twelve chronic stroke patients participated in the study. We evaluated balance and gait performance before and after the training. Six of them underwent fMRI examination before and after the training to assess the effects of the protocol on brain plasticity mechanisms in motor and imagery tasks. Results Our results show that the rehabilitation protocol can effectively improve gait performance and balance and reduce the risk of falls in stroke patients. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that rehabilitation is associated with cerebral plastic changes in motor networks. Discussion The present findings, if confirmed by future research, have the potential to advance the development of new, more effective rehabilitation approaches for stroke patients, improving their quality of life and reducing the burden of stroke-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Chiara Villa
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliano C. Geminiani
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Zettin
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicerale
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Kwon S, Kim J, Kim T. Neuropsychological Activations and Networks While Performing Visual and Kinesthetic Motor Imagery. Brain Sci 2023; 13:983. [PMID: 37508915 PMCID: PMC10377687 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to answer the questions 'What are the neural networks and mechanisms involved in visual and kinesthetic motor imagery?', and 'Is part of cognitive processing included during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery?' by investigating the neurophysiological networks and activations during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery using motor imagery tasks (golf putting). The experiment was conducted with 19 healthy adults. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine neural activations and networks during visual and kinesthetic motor imagery using golf putting tasks. The findings of the analysis on cerebral activation patterns based on the two distinct types of motor imagery indicate that the posterior lobe, occipital lobe, and limbic lobe exhibited activation, and the right hemisphere was activated during the process of visual motor imagery. The activation of the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe were observed during the process of kinesthetic motor imagery. This study revealed that visual motor imagery elicited stronger activation in the right frontal lobe, whereas kinesthetic motor imagery resulted in greater activation in the left frontal lobe. It seems that kinesthetic motor imagery activates the primary somatosensory cortex (BA 2), the secondary somatosensory cortex (BA 5 and 7), and the temporal lobe areas and induces human sensibility. The present investigation evinced that the neural network and the regions of the brain that are activated exhibit variability contingent on the category of motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sechang Kwon
- Department of Humanities & Arts, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, 105-47, Baegyanggwanmun-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47162, Republic of Korea
- Global Institute for Talented Education, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Teri Kim
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Kurkin S, Gordleeva S, Savosenkov A, Grigorev N, Smirnov N, Grubov VV, Udoratina A, Maksimenko V, Kazantsev V, Hramov AE. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Increases Posterior Theta Rhythm and Reduces Latency of Motor Imagery. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4661. [PMID: 37430576 DOI: 10.3390/s23104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments show activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in motor imagery (MI) tasks, but its functional role requires further investigation. Here, we address this issue by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left DLPFC and evaluating its effect on brain activity and the latency of MI response. This is a randomized, sham-controlled EEG study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive sham (15 subjects) or real high-frequency rTMS (15 subjects). We performed EEG sensor-level, source-level, and connectivity analyses to evaluate the rTMS effects. We revealed that excitatory stimulation of the left DLPFC increases theta-band power in the right precuneus (PrecuneusR) via the functional connectivity between them. The precuneus theta-band power negatively correlates with the latency of the MI response, so the rTMS speeds up the responses in 50% of participants. We suppose that posterior theta-band power reflects attention modulation of sensory processing; therefore, high power may indicate attentive processing and cause faster responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semen Kurkin
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Susanna Gordleeva
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey Savosenkov
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikita Grigorev
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nikita Smirnov
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Vadim V Grubov
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Anna Udoratina
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vladimir Maksimenko
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Victor Kazantsev
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander E Hramov
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intelligence, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Neurodynamics and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603105 Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia
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Putzolu M, Samogin J, Bonassi G, Cosentino C, Mezzarobba S, Botta A, Avanzino L, Mantini D, Vato A, Pelosin E. Are Motor Imagery Ability scores related to cortical activity during gait imagery? RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2777321. [PMID: 37090654 PMCID: PMC10120778 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2777321/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) is the mental execution of actions without overt movements that depends on the ability to imagine. We explored whether this ability could be related to the cortical activity of the brain areas involved in the MI network. To this goal, brain activity was recorded using high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) in nineteen healthy adults while visually imagining walking on a straight path. We extracted Event-Related Desynchronizations (ERDs) in the β band, and we measured MI ability via (i) the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ), (ii) the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VMIQ), and (iii) the Imagery Ability (IA) score. We then used Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients to correlate MI ability scores and average ERD power (avgERD). VMIQ was positively correlated with avgERD of frontal and cingulate areas, whereas IA SCORE was positively correlated with avgERD of left inferior frontal and superior temporal regions. Stronger activation of the MI network was related to better scores of MI ability evaluations, supporting the importance of testing MI ability during MI protocols. This result will help to understand MI mechanisms and develop personalized MI treatments for patients with neurological dysfunctions.
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23
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Norton L, Graham M, Kazazian K, Gofton T, Weijer C, Debicki D, Fernandez-Espejo D, Thenayan EA, Owen AM. Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess cognition and consciousness in severe Guillain-Barré syndrome. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hilt PM, Bertrand MF, Féasson L, Lebon F, Mourey F, Ruffino C, Rozand V. Motor Imagery Training Is Beneficial for Motor Memory of Upper and Lower Limb Tasks in Very Old Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3541. [PMID: 36834234 PMCID: PMC9963345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human aging is associated with a decline in the capacity to memorize recently acquired motor skills. Motor imagery training is a beneficial method to compensate for this deterioration in old adults. It is not yet known whether these beneficial effects are maintained in very old adults (>80 years), who are more affected by the degeneration processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental training session of motor imagery on the memorization of new motor skills acquired through physical practice in very old adults. Thus, 30 very old adults performed 3 actual trials of a manual dexterity task (session 1) or a sequential footstep task (session 2) as fast as they could before and after a 20 min motor imagery training (mental-training group) or watching a documentary for 20 min (control group). Performance was improved after three actual trials for both tasks and both groups. For the control group, performance decreased in the manual dexterity task after the 20 min break and remained stable in the sequential footstep task. For the mental-training group, performance was maintained in the manual dexterity task after the 20 min motor imagery training and increased in the sequential footstep task. These results extended the benefits of motor imagery training to the very old population, showing that even a short motor imagery training session improved their performance and favored the motor memory process. These results confirmed that motor imagery training is an effective method to complement traditional rehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M. Hilt
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde F. Bertrand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CHU Saint-Etienne, Myology Unit, Referent Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Florent Lebon
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - France Mourey
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Célia Ruffino
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Laboratory Culture Sport Health and Society (C3S−UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vianney Rozand
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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Multimodal assessment of the spatial correspondence between fNIRS and fMRI hemodynamic responses in motor tasks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2244. [PMID: 36755139 PMCID: PMC9908920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides a cost-efficient and portable alternative to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for assessing cortical activity changes based on hemodynamic signals. The spatial and temporal underpinnings of the fMRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal and corresponding fNIRS concentration of oxygenated (HbO), deoxygenated (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) measurements are still not completely clear. We aim to analyze the spatial correspondence between these hemodynamic signals, in motor-network regions. To this end, we acquired asynchronous fMRI and fNIRS recordings from 9 healthy participants while performing motor imagery and execution. Using this multimodal approach, we investigated the ability to identify motor-related activation clusters in fMRI data using subject-specific fNIRS-based cortical signals as predictors of interest. Group-level activation was found in fMRI data modeled from corresponding fNIRS measurements, with significant peak activation found overlapping the individually-defined primary and premotor motor cortices, for all chromophores. No statistically significant differences were observed in multimodal spatial correspondence between HbO, HbR, and HbT, for both tasks. This suggests the possibility of translating neuronal information from fMRI into an fNIRS motor-coverage setup with high spatial correspondence using both oxy and deoxyhemoglobin data, with the inherent benefits of translating fMRI paradigms to fNIRS in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.
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Martel M, Glover S. TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114125. [PMID: 36167217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Motor-Cognitive model suggests a functional dissociation between motor imagery and overt action, in contrast to the Functional Equivalence view of common processes between the two behaviours. According to the Motor-Cognitive model, motor imagery differs from overt action primarily through the use of executive resources to monitor and elaborate a motor image during execution, which can result in a lack of correspondence between motor imagery and its overt action counterpart. The present study examined the importance of executive resources in motor imagery by using TMS to impair the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while measuring the time to complete imagined versus overt actions. In two experiments, TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex slowed motor imagery but did not affect overt actions. TMS over the same region also interfered with performance of a mental calculation task, though it did not reliably affect less demanding cognitive tasks also thought to rely on executive functions. Taken together, these results were consistent with the Motor-Cognitive model but not with the idea of functional equivalence. The implications of these results for the theoretical understanding of motor imagery, and potential applications of the Motor-Cognitive model to the use of motor imagery in training and rehabilitation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Martel
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK.
| | - Scott Glover
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, UK
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27
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Tanabe J, Amimoto K, Sakai K, Morishita M, Osaki S, Yoshihiro N, Kataoka T. Effects of visual-motor illusions with different visual stimuli on the sit-to-stand of people with hemiplegia following stroke: A randomized crossover controlled trial. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 87:103021. [PMID: 36375318 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different visual stimuli during visual-motor illusion on sit-to-stand in people with hemiplegia following stroke. METHODS This was a randomized crossover controlled trial. Twenty people with hemiplegia following stroke were randomly divided into groups. The video images used for visual-motor illusion were ankle dorsiflexion without resistance (standard visual-motor illusion [standard illusion]) and maximum effort dorsiflexion with resistance (power visual-motor illusion [power illusion]). People with hemiplegia following stroke underwent both illusion interventions with a 1-week washout period in between; group A started with the standard illusion intervention and group B started with the power illusion intervention. Outcomes included the sit-to-stand duration, maximum weight-bearing value, trunk movement during sit-to-stand, ankle joint movement during sit-to-stand, and active ankle dorsiflexion movement on the paralyzed side. RESULTS The angular velocity of the trunk and ankle joints increased significantly during sit-to-stand, and sit-to-stand duration decreased significantly in response only to power illusion. In addition, the change in angular velocity of active ankle dorsiflexion was significantly greater in response to power illusion than was the change in response to standard illusion. CONCLUSION Power illusion induces a greater improvement in paralyzed ankle dorsiflexion function than standard illusion, resulting in shorter sit-to-stand duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Tanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, 3-2-1, Otsukahigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-3166, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan.
| | - Kazu Amimoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sakai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 1-645, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0801, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kibi International University, 8, Iga-machi, Takahashi-shi, Okayama 716-8508, Japan
| | - Shinpei Osaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, 2-1-7, Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshihiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kansai University of Health Sciences, 2-11-1, Wakaba, Kumatori-machi, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
| | - Tokuei Kataoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kurashiki Rehabilitation Hospital, 21, Sasaoki, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama 710-0834, Japan
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28
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Metzger SL, Liu JR, Moses DA, Dougherty ME, Seaton MP, Littlejohn KT, Chartier J, Anumanchipalli GK, Tu-Chan A, Ganguly K, Chang EF. Generalizable spelling using a speech neuroprosthesis in an individual with severe limb and vocal paralysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6510. [PMID: 36347863 PMCID: PMC9643551 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprostheses have the potential to restore communication to people who cannot speak or type due to paralysis. However, it is unclear if silent attempts to speak can be used to control a communication neuroprosthesis. Here, we translated direct cortical signals in a clinical-trial participant (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03698149) with severe limb and vocal-tract paralysis into single letters to spell out full sentences in real time. We used deep-learning and language-modeling techniques to decode letter sequences as the participant attempted to silently spell using code words that represented the 26 English letters (e.g. "alpha" for "a"). We leveraged broad electrode coverage beyond speech-motor cortex to include supplemental control signals from hand cortex and complementary information from low- and high-frequency signal components to improve decoding accuracy. We decoded sentences using words from a 1,152-word vocabulary at a median character error rate of 6.13% and speed of 29.4 characters per minute. In offline simulations, we showed that our approach generalized to large vocabularies containing over 9,000 words (median character error rate of 8.23%). These results illustrate the clinical viability of a silently controlled speech neuroprosthesis to generate sentences from a large vocabulary through a spelling-based approach, complementing previous demonstrations of direct full-word decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L. Metzger
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878University of California, Berkeley - University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jessie R. Liu
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878University of California, Berkeley - University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - David A. Moses
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Maximilian E. Dougherty
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Margaret P. Seaton
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kaylo T. Littlejohn
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Josh Chartier
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Gopala K. Anumanchipalli
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Adelyn Tu-Chan
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Edward F. Chang
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878University of California, Berkeley - University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, CA USA
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O’Shea H. Mapping relational links between motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:984053. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.984053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actions can be physically executed, observed, imagined, or simply thought about. Unifying mental processes, such as simulation, emulation, or predictive processing, are thought to underlie different action types, whether they are mental states, as in the case of motor imagery and action observation, or involve physical execution. While overlapping brain activity is typically observed across different actions which indicates commonalities, research interest is also concerned with investigating the distinct functional components of these action types. Unfortunately, untangling subtleties associated with the neurocognitive bases of different action types is a complex endeavour due to the high dimensional nature of their neural substrate (e.g., any action process is likely to activate multiple brain regions thereby having multiple dimensions to consider when comparing across them). This has impeded progress in action-related theorising and application. The present study addresses this challenge by using the novel approach of multidimensional modeling to reduce the high-dimensional neural substrate of four action-related behaviours (motor imagery, action observation, action-related language, and action execution), find the least number of dimensions that distinguish or relate these action types, and characterise their neurocognitive relational links. Data for the model comprised brain activations for action types from whole-brain analyses reported in 53 published articles. Eighty-two dimensions (i.e., 82 brain regions) for the action types were reduced to a three-dimensional model, that mapped action types in ordination space where the greater the distance between the action types, the more dissimilar they are. A series of one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc comparisons performed on the mean coordinates for each action type in the model showed that across all action types, action execution and concurrent action observation (AO)-motor imagery (MI) were most neurocognitively similar, while action execution and AO were most dissimilar. Most action types were similar on at least one neurocognitive dimension, the exception to this being action-related language. The import of the findings are discussed in terms of future research and implications for application.
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30
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Mencel J, Marusiak J, Jaskólska A, Kamiński Ł, Kurzyński M, Wołczowski A, Jaskólski A, Kisiel-Sajewicz K. Motor imagery training of goal-directed reaching in relation to imagery of reaching and grasping in healthy people. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18610. [PMID: 36329083 PMCID: PMC9633838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine whether four weeks of motor imagery training (MIT) of goal-directed reaching (reaching to grasp task) would affect the cortical activity during motor imagery of reaching (MIR) and grasping (MIG) in the same way. We examined cortical activity regarding event-related potentials (ERPs) in healthy young participants. Our study also evaluated the subjective vividness of the imagery. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the relationship between the subjective assessment of motor imagery (MI) ability to reach and grasp and the cortical activity during those tasks before and after training to understand the underlying neuroplasticity mechanisms. Twenty-seven volunteers participated in MIT of goal-directed reaching and two measurement sessions before and after MIT. During the sessions 128-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during MIR and MIG. Also, participants assessed the vividness of the MI tasks using a visual analog scale (VAS). The vividness of imagination improved significantly (P < .05) after MIT. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that the task (MIR/MIG) and the location of electrodes had a significant effect on the ERP's amplitude (P < .05). The interaction between the task, location, and session (before/after MIT) also had a significant effect on the ERP's amplitude (P < .05). Finally, the location of electrodes and the interaction between location and session had a significant effect on the ERP's latency (P < .05). We found that MIT influenced the EEG signal associated with reaching differently than grasping. The effect was more pronounced for MIR than for MIG. Correlation analysis showed that changes in the assessed parameters due to MIT reduced the relationship between the subjective evaluation of imagining and the EEG signal. This finding means that the subjective evaluation of imagining cannot be a simple, functional insight into the bioelectrical activity of the cerebral cortex expressed by the ERPs in mental training. The changes we noted in ERPs after MIT may benefit the use of non-invasive EEG in the brain-computer interface (BCI) context.Trial registration: NCT04048083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mencel
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Marusiak
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jaskólska
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kamiński
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Kurzyński
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Field Theory, Electronic Circuits and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wołczowski
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Department of Field Theory, Electronic Circuits and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Jaskólski
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisiel-Sajewicz
- grid.8505.80000 0001 1010 5103Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, budynek P4, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
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Rizzi B, Nuresi C, Rovacchi C, Bacchini M, Savi F, Falco L, Schianchi L, Scaglioni A, Ciracì C, Costantino C, Buccino G. Motor imagery and action-observation in neurorehabilitation: A study protocol in Parkinson's disease patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:990618. [PMID: 36267882 PMCID: PMC9577192 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.990618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAction Observation Treatment (AOT) and Motor Imagery (MI) represent very promising cognitive strategies in neuro-rehabilitation. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the two cognitive strategies, taken alone or combined, in Parkinson's disease patients.Material and methodsThis study is designed as a prospective randomized controlled trial, with four arms. We estimated a sample size of 64 patients (16 in each treatment group) to be able to detect an effect size of F = 0.4 with a statistical significance of 0.05. Primary outcomes will be functional gains in the FIM and UPDRS scales. Secondary outcome measure will be functional gain as revealed by kinematic parameters measured at Gait Analysis.DiscussionThe results of this trial will provide insights into the use of AOT and MI, taken alone or combined, in the rehabilitation of Parkinson's disease patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Don Gnocchi Foundation. The study will be conducted in accordance with the 1996 World Medical Association guidelines and according to good clinical practice. The study has been registered on clinicaltrial.gov under the following code: AOTPRFDG. Dissemination will include both submission of the study to peer-reviewed journals and discussion of the study protocol at conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Rizzi
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Nuresi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Rovacchi
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Bacchini
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Savi
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Falco
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Schianchi
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Augusto Scaglioni
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciracì
- Department of Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Santa Maria ai Servi Center, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, Parma, Italy
| | - Cosimo Costantino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Buccino
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Cheng X, Guo B, Hu Y. Distinct neural couplings to shared goal and action coordination in joint action: evidence based on fNIRS hyperscanning. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:956-964. [PMID: 35325237 PMCID: PMC9527463 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint action is central to human nature, enabling individuals to coordinate in time and space to achieve a joint outcome. Such interaction typically involves two key elements: shared goal and action coordination. Yet, the substrates entrained to these two components in joint action remained unclear. In the current study, dyads performed two tasks involving both sharing goal and action coordination, i.e. complementary joint action and imitative joint action, a task only involving shared goal and a task only involving action coordination, while their brain activities were recorded by the functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning technique. The results showed that both complementary and imitative joint action (i.e. involving shared goal and action coordination) elicited better behavioral performance than the task only involving shared goal/action coordination. We observed that the interbrain synchronization (IBS) at the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) entrained more to shared goal, while left-IFC IBS entrained more to action coordination. We also observed that the right-IFC IBS was greater during completing a complementary action than an imitative action. Our results suggest that IFC plays an important role in joint action, with distinct lateralization for the sub-components of joint action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yinying Hu
- Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Wang TC, Huang YY, Duann JR. Sources of independent mu components reveal different brain areas involved in motor imagery, motor execution, and movement observation. Brain Res 2022; 1796:148075. [PMID: 36084693 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
To answer the question of whether the same brain circuit(s) facilitates motor imagery (MI), motor execution (ME), and movement observation (MO), we conducted electroencephalography (EEG) experiment combining the three motor conditions in the same experimental runs. The EEG data were analyzed using two different independent component analysis (ICA) decomposition approaches: a single ICA decomposition on all EEG data combined and separate ICA decomposition on the EEG data obtained from the separate conditions. The results indicated that the separate ICA approach may provide a better fit to the EEG data obtained from the separate conditions to deliver specific independent right mu components with distinct topographies for each of the motor conditions. The topography of the MI condition covered the brain regions posterior to the central sulcus (P4 EEG channel); the ME condition covered the brain regions anterior to the central sulcus (C4 EEG channel), and the MO condition had broader coverage with the main activation in the premotor region (CP4 EEG channel). The source localization results also exhibited significant differences among the motor conditions. In addition, the result of single ICA decomposition resembled the result of separate ICA decomposition on the EEG data of ME with similar topographies and closely located EEG sources. This finding may further indicate that the result of single ICA decomposition may be dominated by the ME motor condition because it manifests higher data variance than the other two motor conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Ching Wang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan 32010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Huang
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan 32010, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ren Duann
- Institute of Education, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Channel selection from source localization: A review of four EEG-based brain-computer interfaces paradigms. Behav Res Methods 2022:10.3758/s13428-022-01897-2. [PMID: 35794417 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Channel selection is a critical part of the classification procedure for multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI). An optimized subset of electrodes reduces computational complexity and optimizes accuracy. Different tasks activate different sources in the brain and are characterized by distinctive channels. The goal of the current review is to define a subset of electrodes for each of four popular BCI paradigms: motor imagery, motor execution, steady-state visual evoked potentials and P300. Twenty-one studies have been reviewed to identify the most significant activations of cortical sources. The relevant EEG sensors are determined from the reported 3D Talairach coordinates. They are scored by their weighted mean Cohen's d and its confidence interval, providing the magnitude of the corresponding effect size and its statistical significance. Our goal is to create a knowledge-based channel selection framework with a sufficient statistical power. The core channel selection (CCS) could be used as a reference by EEG researchers and would have the advantages of practicality and rapidity, allowing for an easy implementation of semiparametric algorithms.
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Son SM, Yun SH, Kwon JW. Motor Imagery Combined With Physical Training Improves Response Inhibition in the Stop Signal Task. Front Psychol 2022; 13:905579. [PMID: 35795413 PMCID: PMC9251501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMotor imagery training has a similar effect to that of physical training on motor performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effectiveness of motor imagery training on response inhibition using the stop signal task (SST).MethodsParticipants were divided into a physical training group (PT, n = 17), a motor imagery training group (MIT, n = 17), and a motor imagery combined with physical training group (MIPT, n = 17). All participants performed 10 SST training sessions over 5 days. Both stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and non-signal reaction time (NSRT) were measured before and after SST training.ResultsThere were significant interaction (time × group) and time effects, although the group effect was not statistically significant. Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed that MIPT group revealed a significantly greater change in SSRT than PT and MIT groups, while there was no significant difference between PT and MIT groups. SSRT significantly decreased after training in all groups. In NSRT, there was a significant effect of time, but there was no significant interaction effect (time × group) or group effect.ConclusionResponse inhibition could be enhanced via training, and it was most effective when motor imagery and physical training were combined. We demonstrate that motor imagery training significantly improves response inhibition and should be accompanied by physical training when performing SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Son
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Seong Ho Yun
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare Sciences, Cheonan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung Won Kwon,
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Shahab QS, Young IM, Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Nicholas PJ, Lin YH, Fonseka RD, Yeung JT, Bai MY, Teo C, Doyen S, Sughrue ME. A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac140. [PMID: 35706977 PMCID: PMC9189613 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gerstmann syndrome is a constellation of neurological deficits that include agraphia, acalculia, left–right discrimination and finger agnosia. Despite a growing interest in this clinical phenomenon, there remains controversy regarding the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved. Advancements in data-driven, computational modelling provides an opportunity to create a unified cortical model with greater anatomic precision based on underlying structural and functional connectivity across complex cognitive domains. A literature search was conducted for healthy task-based functional MRI and PET studies for the four cognitive domains underlying Gerstmann’s tetrad using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and BrainMap Sleuth (2.4). Coordinate-based, meta-analytic software was utilized to gather relevant regions of interest from included studies to create an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) map for each cognitive domain. Machine-learning was used to match activated regions of the ALE to the corresponding parcel from the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Diffusion spectrum imaging-based tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity between relevant parcels in each domain on 51 healthy subjects from the HCP database. Ultimately 102 functional MRI studies met our inclusion criteria. A frontoparietal network was found to be involved in the four cognitive domains: calculation, writing, finger gnosis, and left–right orientation. There were three parcels in the left hemisphere, where the ALE of at least three cognitive domains were found to be overlapping, specifically the anterior intraparietal area, area 7 postcentral (7PC) and the medial intraparietal sulcus. These parcels surround the anteromedial portion of the intraparietal sulcus. Area 7PC was found to be involved in all four domains. These regions were extensively connected in the intraparietal sulcus, as well as with a number of surrounding large-scale brain networks involved in higher-order functions. We present a tractographic model of the four neural networks involved in the functions which are impaired in Gerstmann syndrome. We identified a ‘Gerstmann Core’ of extensively connected functional regions where at least three of the four networks overlap. These results provide clinically actionable and precise anatomic information which may help guide clinical translation in this region, such as during resective brain surgery in or near the intraparietal sulcus, and provides an empiric basis for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi S. Shahab
- University of New South Wales School of Medicine, , 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
| | | | - Yueh-Hsin Lin
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - R. Dineth Fonseka
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Jacky T. Yeung
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Y. Bai
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | - Charles Teo
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | | | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology , Sydney, 2000, Australia
- Prince of Wales Private Hospital Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, , Randwick, 2031, Australia
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Event-Related Potentials Analysis of the Effects of Discontinuous Short-Term Fine Motor Imagery on Motor Execution. Motor Control 2022; 26:445-464. [PMID: 35472759 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, event-related potentials and neurobehavioral measurements were used to investigate the effects of discontinuous short-term fine motor imagery (MI), a paradigm of finger sequential MI training interspersed with no-MI that occurs within 1 hr, on fine finger motor execution. The event-related potentials revealed that there were significant differences in the P300 between the fine MI training and the no-MI training. There were also significant changes in the P200 between fine motor execution of familiar tasks after MI training and fine motor execution of unfamiliar tasks without MI training. Neurobehavioral data revealed that the fine MI enhanced fine motor execution. These findings may suggest that discontinuous short-term fine MI could be useful in improving fine motor skills.
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Motor Imagery: How to Assess, Improve Its Performance, and Apply It for Psychosis Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040949. [PMID: 35453997 PMCID: PMC9025310 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of scientific studies in the field of motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME). We composed the brain map and description that correlate different brain areas with the type of movements it is responsible for. That gives a more complete and systematic picture of human brain functionality in the case of ME and MI. We systematized the most popular methods for assessing the quality of MI performance and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. We also reviewed the main directions for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in MI research and considered the principal effects of TMS on MI performance. In addition, we discuss the main applications of MI, emphasizing its use in the diagnostics of various neurodegenerative disorders and psychoses. Finally, we discuss the research gap and possible improvements for further research in the field.
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Scandola M, Pietroni G, Landuzzi G, Polati E, Schweiger V, Moro V. Bodily Illusions and Motor Imagery in Fibromyalgia. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:798912. [PMID: 35126075 PMCID: PMC8811121 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.798912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterised by chronic, continuous, widespread pain, often associated with a sense of fatigue, non-restorative sleep and physical exhaustion. Due to the nature of this condition and the absence of other neurological issues potentially able to induce disorders in body representations per se, it represents a perfect model since it provides an opportunity to study the relationship between pain and the bodily self. Corporeal illusions were investigated in 60 participants with or without a diagnosis of FM by means of an ad hoc devised interview. In addition, motor imagery was investigated and illusions relating to body part movements and changes in body size, feelings of alienness, and sensations of body parts not belonging to one’s own body (disownership and somatoparaphrenic-like sensations) were found. Crucially, these symptoms do not correlate with any of the clinical measures of pain or functional deficits. The results showed that motor imagery was also impaired, and the severity of the deficits found correlated with the functional impairment of the participant. This indicates that disorders in body representations and motor imagery are part of the clinical expression of FM. However, while motor imagery seems to be linked to reduced autonomy and functional deficits, bodily illusions are independent and potentially represent a concurrent symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pietroni
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Polati
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Schweiger
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Di Rienzo F, Joassy P, Ferreira Dias Kanthack T, Moncel F, Mercier Q, Collet C, Guillot A. Stabilometric Correlates of Motor and Motor Imagery Expertise. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:741709. [PMID: 35095444 PMCID: PMC8792864 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.741709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor Imagery (MI) reproduces cognitive operations associated with the actual motor preparation and execution. Postural recordings during MI reflect somatic motor commands targeting peripheral effectors involved in balance control. However, how these relate to the actual motor expertise and may vary along with the MI modality remains debated. In the present experiment, two groups of expert and non-expert gymnasts underwent stabilometric assessments while performing physically and mentally a balance skill. We implemented psychometric measures of MI ability, while stabilometric variables were calculated from the center of pressure (COP) oscillations. Psychometric evaluations revealed greater MI ability in experts, specifically for the visual modality. Experts exhibited reduced surface COP oscillations in the antero-posterior axis compared to non-experts during the balance skill (14.90%, 95% CI 34.48–4.68, p < 0.05). Experts further exhibited reduced length of COP displacement in the antero-posterior axis and as a function of the displacement area during visual and kinesthetic MI compared to the control condition (20.51%, 95% CI 0.99–40.03 and 21.85%, 95% CI 2.33–41.37, respectively, both p < 0.05). Predictive relationships were found between the stabilometric correlates of visual MI and physical practice of the balance skill, as well as between the stabilometric correlates of kinesthetic MI and the training experience in experts. Present results provide original stabilometric insights into the relationships between MI and expertise level. While data support the incomplete inhibition of postural commands during MI, whether postural responses during MI of various modalities mirror the level of motor expertise remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Di Rienzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- *Correspondence: Franck Di Rienzo
| | - Pierric Joassy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Moncel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Mercier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian Collet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Crotti M, Koschutnig K, Wriessnegger SC. Handedness impacts the neural correlates of kinesthetic motor imagery and execution: A FMRI study. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:798-826. [PMID: 34981561 PMCID: PMC9303560 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human brain functional lateralization has been widely studied over the past decades, and neuroimaging studies have shown how activation of motor areas during hand movement execution (ME) is different according to hand dominance. Nevertheless, there is no research directly investigating the effects of the participant's handedness in a motor imagery (MI) and ME task in both right and left-handed individuals at the cortical and subcortical level. Twenty-six right-handed and 25 left-handed participants were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging during the imagination and execution of repetitive self-paced movements of squeezing a ball with their dominant, non-dominant, and both hands. Results revealed significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) between groups during both the execution and the imagery task with the dominant, non-dominant, and both hands both at cortical and subcortical level. During ME, left-handers recruited a spread bilateral network, while in right-handers, activity was more lateralized. At the critical level, MI between-group analysis revealed a similar pattern in right and left-handers showing a bilateral activation for the dominant hand. Differentially at the subcortical level, during MI, only right-handers showed the involvement of the posterior cerebellum. No significant activity was found for left-handers. Overall, we showed a partial spatial overlap of neural correlates of MI and ME in motor, premotor, sensory cortices, and cerebellum. Our results highlight differences in the functional organization of motor areas in right and left-handed people, supporting the hypothesis that MI is influenced by the way people habitually perform motor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Crotti
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karl Koschutnig
- Department of Psychology, MRI Lab Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Saporta N, Peled-Avron L, Scheele D, Lieberz J, Hurlemann R, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Touched by Loneliness - How Loneliness Impacts the Response to Observed Human Touch: a tDCS Study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:142-150. [PMID: 34907421 PMCID: PMC8824677 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonely people often crave connectedness. However, they may also experience their environment as threatening, entering a self-preserving state that perpetuates loneliness. Research shows conflicting evidence about their response to positive social cues, and little is known about their experience of observed human touch. The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is part of an observation–execution network implicated in observed touch perception. Correlative studies also point to rIFG’s involvement in loneliness. We examined the causal effect of rIFG anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on high- and low-loneliness individuals observing human touch. In a cross-over design study, 40 participants watched pictures of humans or objects touching or not touching during anodal and sham stimulations. Participants indicated whether pictures contained humans or objects, and their reaction time was measured. Results show that the reaction time of low-loneliness individuals to observed human touch was significantly slower during anodal stimulation compared to high-loneliness individuals, possibly due to them being more emotionally distracted by it. Lonely individuals also reported less liking of touch. Our findings support the notion that lonely individuals are not drawn to positive social cues. This may help explain the perpetuation of loneliness, despite social opportunities that could be available to lonely people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nira Saporta
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Leehe Peled-Avron
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Dirk Scheele
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jana Lieberz
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Pellicano A, Mingoia G, Ritter C, Buccino G, Binkofski F. Respiratory function modulated during execution, observation, and imagination of walking via SII. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23752. [PMID: 34887478 PMCID: PMC8660877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mirror Neurons System (MNS) consists of brain areas active during actions execution, as well as observation-imagination of the same actions. MNS represents a potential mechanism by which we understand other's action goals. We investigated MNS activation for legs actions, and its interaction with the autonomic nervous system. We performed a physiological and fMRI investigation on the common neural structures recruited during the execution, observation, and imagination of walking, and their effects on respiratory activity. Bilateral SMA were activated by all three tasks, suggesting that these areas are responsible for the core of the MNS effect for walking. Moreover, we observed in bilateral parietal opercula (OP1, secondary somatosensory cortex-SII) evidence of an MNS subtending walking execution-observation-imagination that also modulated the respiratory function. We suggest that SII, in modulating the vegetative response during motor activity but also during observation-imagination, consists of a re-enacting function which facilitates the understanding of motor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pellicano
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | - Christoph Ritter
- Brain Imaging Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Buccino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division for Clinical and Cognitive Sciences, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
- Jülich-Aachen-Research-Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany.
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44
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Di Pietro M, Russo M, Dono F, Carrarini C, Thomas A, Di Stefano V, Telese R, Bonanni L, Sensi SL, Onofrj M, Franciotti R. A Critical Review of Alien Limb-Related Phenomena and Implications for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661130. [PMID: 34566830 PMCID: PMC8458742 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Consensus criteria on corticobasal degeneration (CBD) include alien limb (AL) phenomena. However, the gist of the behavioral features of AL is still “a matter of debate.” CBD-related AL has so far included the description of involuntary movements, frontal release phenomena (frontal AL), or asomatognosia (posterior or “real” AL). In this context, the most frequent symptoms are language and praxis deficits and cortical sensory misperception. However, asomatognosia requires, by definition, intact perception and cognition. Thus, to make a proper diagnosis of AL in the context of CBD, cognitive and language dysfunctions must be carefully verified and objectively assessed. We reviewed the current literature on AL in CBD and now propose that the generic use of the term AL should be avoided. This catchall AL term should instead be deconstructed. We propose that the term AL is appropriate to describe clinical features associated with specific brain lesions. More discrete sets of regionally bound clinical signs that depend on dysfunctions of specific brain areas need to be assessed and presented when posing the diagnosis. Thus, in our opinion, the AL term should be employed in association with precise descriptions of the accompanying involuntary movements, sensory misperceptions, agnosia-asomatognosia contents, and the presence of utilization behavior. The review also offers an overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based studies evaluating AL-related phenomena. In addition, we provide a complementary set of video clips depicting CBD-related involuntary movements that should not mistakenly be interpreted as signs of AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Pietro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Astrid Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Telese
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,YDA Foundation, Institute of Immune Therapy and Advanced Biological Treatment, Pescara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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45
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Emerging of new bioartificial corticospinal motor synergies using a robotic additional thumb. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18487. [PMID: 34531441 PMCID: PMC8445932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is likely that when using an artificially augmented hand with six fingers, the natural five plus a robotic one, corticospinal motor synergies controlling grasping actions might be different. However, no direct neurophysiological evidence for this reasonable assumption is available yet. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex to directly address this issue during motor imagery of objects’ grasping actions performed with or without the Soft Sixth Finger (SSF). The SSF is a wearable robotic additional thumb patented for helping patients with hand paresis and inherent loss of thumb opposition abilities. To this aim, we capitalized from the solid notion that neural circuits and mechanisms underlying motor imagery overlap those of physiological voluntary actions. After a few minutes of training, healthy humans wearing the SSF rapidly reshaped the pattern of corticospinal outputs towards forearm and hand muscles governing imagined grasping actions of different objects, suggesting the possibility that the extra finger might rapidly be encoded into the user’s body schema, which is integral part of the frontal-parietal grasping network. Such neural signatures might explain how the motor system of human beings is open to very quickly welcoming emerging augmentative bioartificial corticospinal grasping strategies. Such an ability might represent the functional substrate of a final common pathway the brain might count on towards new interactions with the surrounding objects within the peripersonal space. Findings provide a neurophysiological framework for implementing augmentative robotic tools in humans and for the exploitation of the SSF in conceptually new rehabilitation settings.
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46
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Moro V, Corbella M, Ionta S, Ferrari F, Scandola M. Cognitive Training Improves Disconnected Limbs' Mental Representation and Peripersonal Space after Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189589. [PMID: 34574514 PMCID: PMC8470420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Paraplegia following spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the mental representation and peripersonal space of the paralysed body parts (i.e., lower limbs). Physical rehabilitation programs can improve these aspects, but the benefits are mostly partial and short-lasting. These limits could be due to the absence of trainings focused on SCI-induced cognitive deficits combined with traditional physical rehabilitation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in 15 SCI-individuals the effects of adding cognitive recovery protocols (motor imagery–MI) to standard physical rehabilitation programs (Motor + MI training) on mental body representations and space representations, with respect to physical rehabilitation alone (control training). Each training comprised at least eight sessions administered over two weeks. The status of participants’ mental body representation and peripersonal space was assessed at three time points: before the training (T0), after the training (T1), and in a follow-up assessment one month later (T2). The Motor + MI training induced short-term recovery of peripersonal space that however did not persist at T2. Body representation showed a slower neuroplastic recovery at T2, without differences between Motor and the Motor + MI. These results show that body and space representations are plastic after lesions, and open new rehabilitation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Moro
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Michela Corbella
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCCS Sacro Cuore “Don Calabria” Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital-Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Department of Rehabilitation, IRCCS Sacro Cuore “Don Calabria” Hospital, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy;
| | - Michele Scandola
- NPSY-Lab.VR, Human Sciences Department, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (M.S.)
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Differential Influence of the Dorsal Premotor and Primary Somatosensory Cortex on Corticospinal Excitability during Kinesthetic and Visual Motor Imagery: A Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091196. [PMID: 34573217 PMCID: PMC8465986 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence suggests that motor imagery involves the activation of several sensorimotor areas also involved during action execution, including the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, it is still unclear whether their involvement is specific for either kinesthetic or visual imagery or whether they contribute to motor activation for both modalities. Although sensorial experience during motor imagery is often multimodal, identifying the modality exerting greater facilitation of the motor system may allow optimizing the functional outcomes of rehabilitation interventions. In a sample of healthy adults, we combined 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to suppress neural activity of the dPMC, S1, and primary motor cortex (M1) with single-pulse TMS over M1 for measuring cortico-spinal excitability (CSE) during kinesthetic and visual motor imagery of finger movements as compared to static imagery conditions. We found that rTMS over both dPMC and S1, but not over M1, modulates the muscle-specific facilitation of CSE during kinesthetic but not during visual motor imagery. Furthermore, dPMC rTMS suppressed the facilitation of CSE, whereas S1 rTMS boosted it. The results highlight the differential pattern of cortico-cortical connectivity within the sensorimotor system during the mental simulation of the kinesthetic and visual consequences of actions.
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48
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Effect of Motor Imagery Training on Motor Learning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189467. [PMID: 34574389 PMCID: PMC8465066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need to systematically analyze the growing body of literature on the effect of motor imagery (MI) training in children and adolescents. Methods: Seven databases and clinicaltrials.gov were searched. Two reviewers independently screened references and full texts, and extracted data (studies’ methodology, MI elements, temporal parameters). Two studies were meta-analyzed providing the standard mean difference (SDM). Selected studies were evaluated with the risk of bias (RoB) and GRADE tools. Results: A total of 7238 references were retrieved. The sample size of the 22 included studies, published between 1995 and 2021, ranged from 18 to 136 participants, totaling 934 (nine to 18 years). Studies included healthy pupils, mentally retarded adolescents, children with motor coordination difficulties or with mild mental disabilities. The motor learning tasks focused on upper, lower and whole body movements. SMDs for the primary outcome of pooled studies varied between 0.83 to 1.87 (95% CI, I2, T2 varied 0.33–3.10; p = 0.001; 0–74%; 0–0.59). RoB varied between some concerns and high risk. GRADE rating was low. Conclusions: MI combined with physical practice (PP) might have a high potential for healthy and impaired children and adolescents. However, important reporting recommendations (PETTLEP, TIDieR, CONSORT) should be followed. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021237361.
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Song YH, Lee HM. Effect of Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Bilateral Arm Training in Patients with Chronic Stroke. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081032. [PMID: 34439651 PMCID: PMC8391150 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR)-based therapies are widely used in stroke rehabilitation. Although various studies have used VR techniques for bilateral upper limb training, most have been only semi-immersive and have only been performed in an artificial environment. This study developed VR content and protocols based on activities of daily living to provide immersive VR-based bilateral arm training (VRBAT) for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. Twelve patients with chronic stroke were randomized to a VRBAT group or a normal bilateral arm training (NBAT) group and attended 30-min training sessions five times a week for four weeks. At the end of the training, there was a significant difference in upper limb function in both groups (p < 0.05) and in the upper limb function sensory test for proprioception in the NBAT group (p < 0.05). There was no significant between-group difference in upper limb muscle activity after training. The relative alpha and beta power values for electroencephalographic measurements were significantly improved in both groups. These findings indicate that both VRBAT and NBAT are effective interventions for improving upper limb function and electroencephalographic activity in patients with chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Song
- Department of Physical Therapy, Seoyeong University, Gwangju 61268, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Honam University, Gwangju 62399, Korea
- Correspondence:
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50
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Moon KJ, Lee MC, Hong U, Noh SR, Park CH, Han KH. Physiological Response of Imagery Running with or without an Avatar in 3D Virtual Reality: A Preliminary Study. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2021.23.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study is aimed at observing the physiological response imagery running with an avatar in 3D virtual reality (VR) and to explore the differences in physiological responses between imagery running with and without an avatar in 3D VR.METHODS We randomly assigned 32 healthy adults to either a group with Avatar (n = 19) or a group without (n = 13). The group with avatar performed imagery exercise with an avatar in 3D VR and the group without Avatar performed it without an avatar in 3D VR. Both groups were instructed to mentally imagine performing running in VR without executing actual physical movements. We recorded electro-physiological data before, during, and after the 20-min intervention. We also measured the participants’ level of presence and intensity of experienced cybersickness.RESULTS In the group with Avatar, all physiological responses increased from the resting to the intervention period. The group with Avatar also showed a higher level of presence and fewer cybersickness symptoms than the group without Avatar.CONCLUSIONS The results suggest imagery running with an avatar in 3D VR might be effective as an alternative exercise.
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