1
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Sah S, Keable R, Pfundstein G, Clemens KJ, Begg D, Schachner M, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Deficiency in the neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) reduces axonal levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), affects axonal organization in the hippocampus, and leads to behavioral deficits. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10047-10065. [PMID: 37522285 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) regulates axonal organization in the central nervous system via mechanisms that have remained poorly understood. We now show that NCAM2 increases axonal levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a protease that regulates axonal guidance. In brains of NCAM2-deficient mice, BACE1 levels are reduced in hippocampal mossy fiber projections, and the infrapyramidal bundle of these projections is shortened. This abnormal axonal organization correlates with impaired short-term spatial memory and cognitive flexibility in NCAM2-deficient male and female mice. Self-grooming, rearing, digging and olfactory acuity are increased in NCAM2-deficient male mice, when compared with littermate wild-type mice of the same sex. NCAM2-deficient female mice also show increased self-grooming, but are reduced in rearing, and do not differ from female wild-type mice in olfactory acuity and digging behavior. Our results indicate that errors in axonal guidance and organization caused by impaired BACE1 function can underlie the manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism as found in humans with deletions of the NCAM2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Sah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan Keable
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Grant Pfundstein
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kelly J Clemens
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Denovan Begg
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, United States
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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2
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Li D. Role of Spectrin in Endocytosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152459. [PMID: 35954302 PMCID: PMC9368487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal spectrin is found in (non)erythroid cells. Eukaryotic endocytosis takes place for internalizing cargos from extracellular milieu. The role of spectrin in endocytosis still remains poorly understood. Here, I summarize current knowledge of spectrin function, spectrin-based cytoskeleton and endocytosis of erythrocytes, and highlight how spectrin contributes to endocytosis and working models in different types of cells. From an evolutionary viewpoint, I discuss spectrin and endocytosis in a range of organisms, particularly in plants and yeast where spectrin is absent. Together, the role of spectrin in endocytosis is related to its post-translational modification, movement/rearrangement, elimination (by proteases) and meshwork fencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Catsburg LAE, Westra M, van Schaik AML, MacGillavry HD. Dynamics and nanoscale organization of the postsynaptic endocytic zone at excitatory synapses. eLife 2022; 11:74387. [PMID: 35072626 PMCID: PMC8813055 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
At postsynaptic sites of neurons, a prominent clathrin-coated structure, the endocytic zone (EZ), controls the trafficking of glutamate receptors and is essential for synaptic plasticity. Despite its importance, little is known about how this clathrin structure is organized to mediate endocytosis. We used live-cell and super-resolution microscopy to reveal the dynamic organization of this poorly understood clathrin structure in rat hippocampal neurons. We found that a subset of endocytic proteins only transiently appeared at postsynaptic sites. In contrast, other proteins were persistently enriched and partitioned at the edge of the EZ. We found that uncoupling the EZ from the synapse led to the loss of most of these components, while disrupting interactions with the actin cytoskeleton or membrane did not alter EZ positioning. Finally, we found that plasticity-inducing stimuli promoted the reorganization of the EZ. We conclude that the EZ is a stable, highly organized molecular platform where components are differentially recruited and positioned to orchestrate the endocytosis of synaptic receptors.
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4
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Keable R, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Trafficking and Activity of Glutamate and GABA Receptors: Regulation by Cell Adhesion Molecules. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:415-437. [PMID: 32449484 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420921117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficient targeting of ionotropic receptors to postsynaptic sites is essential for the function of chemical excitatory and inhibitory synapses, constituting the majority of synapses in the brain. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which accumulate at synapses at the earliest stages of synaptogenesis, are critical for this process. A diverse variety of CAMs assemble into complexes with glutamate and GABA receptors and regulate the targeting of these receptors to the cell surface and synapses. Presynaptically localized CAMs provide an additional level of regulation, sending a trans-synaptic signal that can regulate synaptic strength at the level of receptor trafficking. Apart from controlling the numbers of receptors present at postsynaptic sites, CAMs can also influence synaptic strength by modulating the conductivity of single receptor channels. CAMs thus act to maintain basal synaptic transmission and are essential for many forms of activity dependent synaptic plasticity. These activities of CAMs may underlie the association between CAM gene mutations and synaptic pathology and represent fundamental mechanisms by which synaptic strength is dynamically tuned at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Keable
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Lorenzo DN. Cargo hold and delivery: Ankyrins, spectrins, and their functional patterning of neurons. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:129-148. [PMID: 32034889 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The highly polarized, typically very long, and nonmitotic nature of neurons present them with unique challenges in the maintenance of their homeostasis. This architectural complexity serves a rich and tightly controlled set of functions that enables their fast communication with neighboring cells and endows them with exquisite plasticity. The submembrane neuronal cytoskeleton occupies a pivotal position in orchestrating the structural patterning that determines local and long-range subcellular specialization, membrane dynamics, and a wide range of signaling events. At its center is the partnership between ankyrins and spectrins, which self-assemble with both remarkable long-range regularity and micro- and nanoscale specificity to precisely position and stabilize cell adhesion molecules, membrane transporters, ion channels, and other cytoskeletal proteins. To accomplish these generally conserved, but often functionally divergent and spatially diverse, roles these partners use a combinatorial program of a couple of dozens interacting family members, whose code is not fully unraveled. In a departure from their scaffolding roles, ankyrins and spectrins also enable the delivery of material to the plasma membrane by facilitating intracellular transport. Thus, it is unsurprising that deficits in ankyrins and spectrins underlie several neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Here, I summarize key aspects of the biology of spectrins and ankyrins in the mammalian neuron and provide a snapshot of the latest advances in decoding their roles in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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6
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Huang R, Yuan DJ, Li S, Liang XS, Gao Y, Lan XY, Qin HM, Ma YF, Xu GY, Schachner M, Sytnyk V, Boltze J, Ma QH, Li S. NCAM regulates temporal specification of neural progenitor cells via profilin2 during corticogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132733. [PMID: 31816056 PMCID: PMC7039204 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cerebral cortex requires spatially and temporally orchestrated proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The molecular mechanisms underlying cortical development are, however, not fully understood. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been suggested to play a role in corticogenesis. Here we show that NCAM is dynamically expressed in the developing cortex. NCAM expression in NPCs is highest in the neurogenic period and declines during the gliogenic period. In mice bearing an NPC-specific NCAM deletion, proliferation of NPCs is reduced, and production of cortical neurons is delayed, while formation of cortical glia is advanced. Mechanistically, NCAM enhances actin polymerization in NPCs by interacting with actin-associated protein profilin2. NCAM-dependent regulation of NPCs is blocked by mutations in the profilin2 binding site. Thus, NCAM plays an essential role in NPC proliferation and fate decision during cortical development by regulating profilin2-dependent actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - De-Juan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Physiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shao Li
- Physiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Song Liang
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lan
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hua-Min Qin
- Pathology Department, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Fang Ma
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Correspondence to Shen Li:
| | - Shen Li
- Neurology Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Quanhong Ma:
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7
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Machnicka B, Grochowalska R, Bogusławska DM, Sikorski AF. The role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell-cell contact. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1303-1312. [PMID: 31226892 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219859003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectrins are proteins that are responsible for many aspects of cell function and adaptation to changing environments. Primarily the spectrin-based membrane skeleton maintains cell membrane integrity and its mechanical properties, together with the cytoskeletal network a support cell shape. The occurrence of a variety of spectrin isoforms in diverse cellular environments indicates that it is a multifunctional protein involved in numerous physiological pathways. Participation of spectrin in cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and formation of dynamic plasma membrane protrusions and associated signaling events is a subject of interest for researchers in the fields of cell biology and molecular medicine. In this mini-review, we focus on data concerning the role of spectrins in cell surface activities such as adhesion, cell–cell contact, and invadosome formation. We discuss data on different adhesion proteins that directly or indirectly interact with spectrin repeats. New findings support the involvement of spectrin in cell adhesion and spreading, formation of lamellipodia, and also the participation in morphogenetic processes, such as eye development, oogenesis, and angiogenesis. Here, we review the role of spectrin in cell adhesion and cell–cell contact.Impact statementThis article reviews properties of spectrins as a group of proteins involved in cell surface activities such as, adhesion and cell–cell contact, and their contribution to morphogenesis. We show a new area of research and discuss the involvement of spectrin in regulation of cell–cell contact leading to immunological synapse formation and in shaping synapse architecture during myoblast fusion. Data indicate involvement of spectrins in adhesion and cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix interactions and therefore in signaling pathways. There is evidence of spectrin’s contribution to the processes of morphogenesis which are connected to its interactions with adhesion molecules, membrane proteins (and perhaps lipids), and actin. Our aim was to highlight the essential role of spectrin in cell–cell contact and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Machnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Renata Grochowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Dżamila M Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra 65-516, Poland
| | - Aleksander F Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
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8
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Petrov AM, Mast N, Li Y, Pikuleva IA. The key genes, phosphoproteins, processes, and pathways affected by efavirenz-activated CYP46A1 in the amyloid-decreasing paradigm of efavirenz treatment. FASEB J 2019; 33:8782-8798. [PMID: 31063705 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900092r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) is an anti-HIV drug, and cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is the major brain cholesterol hydroxylase. Previously, we discovered that EFV activates CYP46A1 and improves behavioral performance in 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer's disease model. Herein, the unbiased omics and other approaches were used to study 5XFAD mice in the amyloid-decreasing paradigm of CYP46A1 activation by EFV. These approaches revealed increases in the brain levels of postsynaptic density protein 95, gephyrin, synaptophysin, synapsin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CYP46A1 and documented altered expression and phosphorylation of 66 genes and 77 proteins, respectively. The data obtained pointed to EFV effects at the synaptic level, plasmin-depended amyloid clearance, inflammation and microglia phenotype, oxidative stress and cellular hypoxia, autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome systems as well as apoptosis. These effects could be realized in part via changes in the Ca2+-, small GTPase, and catenin signaling. A model is proposed, in which CYP46A1-dependent lipid raft rearrangement and subsequent decrease of protein phosphorylation are central in EFV effects and explain behavioral improvements in EFV-treated 5XFAD mice.-Petrov, A. M., Mast, N., Li, Y., Pikuleva, I. A. The key genes, phosphoproteins, processes, and pathways affected by efavirenz-activated CYP46A1 in the amyloid-decreasing paradigm of efavirenz treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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9
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Bliim N, Leshchyns'ka I, Keable R, Chen BJ, Curry-Hyde A, Gray L, Sytnyk V, Janitz M. Early transcriptome changes in response to chemical long-term potentiation induced via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors in mouse hippocampal neurons. Genomics 2018; 111:1676-1686. [PMID: 30465913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Long term potentiation (LTP) is a form of synaptic plasticity. In the present study LTP was induced via activation of synaptic NMDA receptors in primary hippocampal neuron cultures from neonate mice and RNA was isolated for RNA sequencing at 20 min following LTP induction. RNA sequencing and differential expression testing was performed to determine the identity and abundance of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs in control and LTP induced neuron cultures. We show that expression levels of a small group of transcripts encoding proteins involved in negative regulation of gene expression (Adcyap1, Id3), protein translation (Rpl22L1), extracellular structure organization (Bgn), intracellular signalling (Ppm1H, Ntsr2, Cldn10) and protein citrullination (PAD2) are downregulated in the stimulated neurons. Our results suggest that the early stages of LTP are accompanied by the remodelling of the biosynthetic machinery, interactions with the extracellular matrix and intracellular signalling pathways at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Bliim
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ryan Keable
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bei Jun Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ashton Curry-Hyde
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lachlan Gray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule is involved in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the rat spinal dorsal horn. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Regulate Synapse Formation, Maintenance, and Function. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:295-308. [PMID: 28359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules are among the most abundant proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Prominent family members are the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1, which were the first to be shown to be essential not only in development but also in synaptic function and as key regulators of synapse formation, synaptic activity, plasticity, and synaptic vesicle recycling at distinct developmental and activity stages. In addition to interacting with each other, adhesion molecules interact with ion channels and cytokine and neurotransmitter receptors. Mutations in their genes are linked to neurological disorders associated with abnormal development and synaptic functioning. This review presents an overview of recent studies on these molecules and their crucial impact on neurological disorders.
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12
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Sullivan CS, Kümper M, Temple BS, Maness PF. The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) Promotes Clustering and Activation of EphA3 Receptors in GABAergic Interneurons to Induce Ras Homolog Gene Family, Member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-mediated Growth Cone Collapse. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26262-26272. [PMID: 27803162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of a proper balance of excitatory and inhibitory connectivity is achieved during development of cortical networks and adjusted through synaptic plasticity. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA3 regulate the perisomatic synapse density of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons in the mouse frontal cortex through ephrin-A5-induced growth cone collapse. In this study, it was demonstrated that binding of NCAM and EphA3 occurred between the NCAM Ig2 domain and EphA3 cysteine-rich domain (CRD). The binding interface was further refined through molecular modeling and mutagenesis and shown to be comprised of complementary charged residues in the NCAM Ig2 domain (Arg-156 and Lys-162) and the EphA3 CRD (Glu-248 and Glu-264). Ephrin-A5 induced co-clustering of surface-bound NCAM and EphA3 in GABAergic cortical interneurons in culture. Receptor clustering was impaired by a charge reversal mutation that disrupted NCAM/EphA3 association, emphasizing the importance of the NCAM/EphA3 binding interface for cluster formation. NCAM enhanced ephrin-A5-induced EphA3 autophosphorylation and activation of RhoA GTPase, indicating a role for NCAM in activating EphA3 signaling through clustering. NCAM-mediated clustering of EphA3 was essential for ephrin-A5-induced growth cone collapse in cortical GABAergic interneurons, and RhoA and a principal effector, Rho-associated protein kinase, mediated the collapse response. This study delineates a mechanism in which NCAM promotes ephrin-A5-dependent clustering of EphA3 through interaction of the NCAM Ig2 domain and the EphA3 CRD, stimulating EphA3 autophosphorylation and RhoA signaling necessary for growth cone repulsion in GABAergic interneurons in vitro, which may extend to remodeling of axonal terminals of interneurons in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S Sullivan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264
| | - Maike Kümper
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264
| | - Brenda S Temple
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264
| | - Patricia F Maness
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7264
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13
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Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Intracellular transport and cell surface delivery of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 5:54-60. [PMID: 26605672 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1118194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) regulates differentiation and functioning of neurons by accumulating at the cell surface where it mediates the interactions of neurons with the extracellular environment. NCAM also induces a number of intracellular signaling cascades, which coordinate interactions at the cell surface with intracellular processes including changes in gene expression, transport and cytoskeleton remodeling. Since NCAM functions at the cell surface, its transport and delivery to the cell surface play a critical role. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the intracellular transport and cell surface delivery of NCAM. We also discuss the data suggesting a possibility of cross talk between activation of NCAM at the cell surface and the intracellular transport and cell surface delivery of NCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences ; The University of New South Wales ; Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- a School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences ; The University of New South Wales ; Sydney , NSW , Australia
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14
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Irala D, Bonafina A, Fontanet PA, Alsina FC, Paratcha G, Ledda F. The GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes the development of hippocampal dendritic arbors and spines via NCAM. Development 2016; 143:4224-4235. [PMID: 27707798 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The formation of synaptic connections during nervous system development requires the precise control of dendrite growth and synapse formation. Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFRα1 are expressed in the forebrain, the role of this system in the hippocampus remains unclear. Here, we investigated the consequences of GFRα1 deficiency for the development of hippocampal connections. Analysis of conditional Gfra1 knockout mice shows a reduction in dendritic length and complexity, as well as a decrease in postsynaptic density specializations and in the synaptic localization of postsynaptic proteins in hippocampal neurons. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex promotes dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Finally, in vitro assays revealed that GDNF-GFRα1-induced dendrite growth and spine formation are mediated by NCAM signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that the GDNF-GFRα1 complex is essential for proper hippocampal circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Irala
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Antonela Bonafina
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Paula Aldana Fontanet
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Fernando Cruz Alsina
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
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Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:6427537. [PMID: 27242933 PMCID: PMC4868906 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6427537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder associated with the loss of synapses between neurons in the brain. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules are cell surface glycoproteins which are expressed at the synaptic plasma membranes of neurons. These proteins play key roles in formation and maintenance of synapses and regulation of synaptic plasticity. Genetic studies and biochemical analysis of the human brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and sera from AD patients indicate that levels and function of synaptic cell adhesion molecules are affected in AD. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules interact with Aβ, a peptide accumulating in AD brains, which affects their expression and synaptic localization. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules also regulate the production of Aβ via interaction with the key enzymes involved in Aβ formation. Aβ-dependent changes in synaptic adhesion affect the function and integrity of synapses suggesting that alterations in synaptic adhesion play key roles in the disruption of neuronal networks in AD.
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16
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Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Reciprocal Interactions between Cell Adhesion Molecules of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily and the Cytoskeleton in Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:9. [PMID: 26909348 PMCID: PMC4754453 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) including the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and members of the L1 family of neuronal cell adhesion molecules play important functions in the developing nervous system by regulating formation, growth and branching of neurites, and establishment of the synaptic contacts between neurons. In the mature brain, members of IgSF regulate synapse composition, function, and plasticity required for learning and memory. The intracellular domains of IgSF cell adhesion molecules interact with the components of the cytoskeleton including the submembrane actin-spectrin meshwork, actin microfilaments, and microtubules. In this review, we summarize current data indicating that interactions between IgSF cell adhesion molecules and the cytoskeleton are reciprocal, and that while IgSF cell adhesion molecules regulate the assembly of the cytoskeleton, the cytoskeleton plays an important role in regulation of the functions of IgSF cell adhesion molecules. Reciprocal interactions between NCAM and L1 family members and the cytoskeleton and their role in neuronal differentiation and synapse formation are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Leshchyns'ka I, Liew HT, Shepherd C, Halliday GM, Stevens CH, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Sytnyk V. Aβ-dependent reduction of NCAM2-mediated synaptic adhesion contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8836. [PMID: 26611261 PMCID: PMC4674770 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synapse loss due to mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show that the neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is enriched in synapses in the human hippocampus. This enrichment is abolished in the hippocampus of AD patients and in brains of mice overexpressing the human amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein carrying the pathogenic Swedish mutation. Aβ binds to NCAM2 at the cell surface of cultured hippocampal neurons and induces removal of NCAM2 from synapses. In AD hippocampus, cleavage of the membrane proximal external region of NCAM2 is increased and soluble extracellular fragments of NCAM2 (NCAM2-ED) accumulate. Knockdown of NCAM2 expression or incubation with NCAM2-ED induces disassembly of GluR1-containing glutamatergic synapses in cultured hippocampal neurons. Aβ-dependent disassembly of GluR1-containing synapses is inhibited in neurons overexpressing a cleavage-resistant mutant of NCAM2. Our data indicate that Aβ-dependent disruption of NCAM2 functions in AD hippocampus contributes to synapse loss. Understanding how ß-amyloid contributes to synapse loss and dysfunction is a central goal of Alzheimer's disease research. Here, Leshchyns'ka et al. identify a novel mechanism by which Aß disassembles hippocampal glutamatergic synapses via cleavage of a neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Heng Tai Liew
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Claire Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Claire H Stevens
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia.,Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia.,Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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18
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Kaese M, Galuska CE, Simon P, Braun BC, Cabrera-Fuentes HA, Middendorff R, Wehrend A, Jewgenow K, Galuska SP. Polysialylation takes place in granulosa cells during apoptotic processes of atretic tertiary follicles. FEBS J 2015; 282:4595-606. [PMID: 26392163 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the neuronal system, polysialic acid (polySia) is known to be involved in several cellular processes such as the modulation of cell-cell interactions. This highly negatively-charged sugar moiety is mainly present as a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). More than 20 years ago, differently glycosylated forms of NCAM were detected in the ovaries. However, the exact isoform of NCAM, as well as its biological function, remained unknown. Our analysis revealed that granulosa cells of feline tertiary follicles express the polysialylated form of NCAM-140. Unexpectedly, polySia was only expressed in the granulosa layers of atretic follicles and not of healthy follicles. By contrast, only the un-polysialylated form of NCAM was present on the membrane of granulosa cells of healthy follicles. To study a possible cellular function of polySia in feline follicles, a primary granulosa cell culture model was used. Interestingly, loss of polySia leads to a significant inhibition of apoptosis, demonstrating that polySia is involved during atretic processes in granulosa cells. Thus, polySia might not only directly influence regeneration processes as shown, for example, in the neuronal system, but also apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Kaese
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Simon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Beate C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology for Small and Large Animals, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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19
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Wobst H, Schmitz B, Schachner M, Diestel S, Leshchyns'ka I, Sytnyk V. Kinesin-1 promotes post-Golgi trafficking of NCAM140 and NCAM180 to the cell surface. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2816-29. [PMID: 26101351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.169391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, also known as NCAM1) is important during neural development, because it contributes to neurite outgrowth in response to its ligands at the cell surface. In the adult brain, NCAM is involved in regulating synaptic plasticity. The molecular mechanisms underlying delivery of NCAM to the neuronal cell surface remain poorly understood. We used a protein macroarray and identified the kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1), a component of the kinesin-1 motor protein, as a binding partner of the intracellular domains of the two transmembrane isoforms of NCAM, NCAM140 and NCAM180. KLC1 binds to amino acids CGKAGPGA within the intracellular domain of NCAM and colocalizes with kinesin-1 in the Golgi compartment. Delivery of NCAM180 to the cell surface is increased in CHO cells and neurons co-transfected with kinesin-1. We further demonstrate that the p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) competes with KLC1 for binding to the intracellular domain of NCAM and contributes to the regulation of the membrane insertion of NCAM. Our results indicate that NCAM is delivered to the cell surface through a kinesin-1-mediated transport mechanism in a PAK1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilke Wobst
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Human Metabolomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schmitz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Human Metabolomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Simone Diestel
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Human Metabolomics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Anaya-Martínez V, Gutierrez-Valdez AL, Ordoñez-Librado JL, Montiel-Flores E, Sánchez-Betancourt J, Sánchez Vázquez del Mercado C, Reynoso-Erazo L, Tron-Alvarez R, Avila-Costa MR. The presence of perforated synapses in the striatum after dopamine depletion, is this a sign of maladaptive brain plasticity? Microscopy (Oxf) 2014; 63:427-35. [PMID: 25246608 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the process by which long-lasting changes take place at synaptic connections. The phenomenon itself is complex and can involve many levels of organization. Some authors separate forms into adaptations that have positive or negative consequences for the individual. It has been hypothesized that an increase in the number of synapses may represent a structural basis for the enduring expression of synaptic plasticity during some events that involve memory and learning; also, it has been suggested that perforated synapses increase in number after some diseases and experimental situations. The aim of this study was to analyze whether dopamine depletion induces changes in the synaptology of the corpus striatum of rats after the unilateral injection of 6-OHDA. The findings suggest that after the lesion, both contralateral and ipsilateral striata exhibit an increased length of the synaptic ending in ipsilateral (since third day) and contralateral striatum (since Day 20), loss of axospinous synapses in ipsilateral striatum and a significant increment in the number of perforated synapses, suggesting brain plasticity that might be deleterious for the spines, because this type of synaptic contacts are presumably excitatory, and in the absence of the modulatory effects of dopamine, the neuron could die through excitotoxic mechanisms. Thus, we can conclude that the presence of perforated synapses after striatal dopamine depletion might be a form of maladaptive synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Anaya-Martínez
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Gutierrez-Valdez
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Ordoñez-Librado
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Enrique Montiel-Flores
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Javier Sánchez-Betancourt
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - César Sánchez Vázquez del Mercado
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Reynoso-Erazo
- Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Rocío Tron-Alvarez
- Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
| | - Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
- Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico
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21
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Shetty A, Sytnyk V, Leshchyns'ka I, Puchkov D, Haucke V, Schachner M. The neural cell adhesion molecule promotes maturation of the presynaptic endocytotic machinery by switching synaptic vesicle recycling from adaptor protein 3 (AP-3)- to AP-2-dependent mechanisms. J Neurosci 2013; 33:16828-45. [PMID: 24133283 PMCID: PMC6618524 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2192-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly formed synapses undergo maturation during ontogenetic development via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show that maturation of the presynaptic endocytotic machinery in CNS neurons requires substitution of the adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) with AP-2 at the presynaptic plasma membrane. In mature synapses, AP-2 associates with the intracellular domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). NCAM promotes binding of AP-2 over binding of AP-3 to presynaptic membranes, thus favoring the substitution of AP-3 for AP-2 during formation of mature synapses. The presynaptic endocytotic machinery remains immature in adult NCAM-deficient (NCAM-/-) mice accumulating AP-3 instead of AP-2 and its partner protein AP180 in synaptic membranes and vesicles. NCAM deficiency or disruption of the NCAM/AP-2 complex in wild-type (NCAM+/+) neurons by overexpression of AP-2 binding-defective mutant NCAM interferes with efficient retrieval of the synaptic vesicle v-SNARE synaptobrevin 2. Abnormalities in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and recycling may thus contribute to neurological disorders associated with mutations in NCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Shetty
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sytnyk
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie and Freie Universität Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8082, and
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, People's Republic of China
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22
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Neural cell adhesion molecule-mediated Fyn activation promotes GABAergic synapse maturation in postnatal mouse cortex. J Neurosci 2013; 33:5957-68. [PMID: 23554477 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1306-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic basket interneurons form perisomatic synapses, which are essential for regulating neural networks, and their alterations are linked to various cognitive dysfunction. Maturation of basket synapses in postnatal cortex is activity dependent. In particular, activity-dependent downregulation of polysialiac acid carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) regulates the timing of their maturation. Whether and how NCAM per se affects GABAergic synapse development is unknown. Using single-cell genetics to knock out NCAM in individual basket interneurons in mouse cortical slice cultures, at specific developmental time periods, we found that NCAM loss during perisomatic synapse formation impairs the process of basket cell axonal branching and bouton formation. However, loss of NCAM once the synapses are already formed did not show any effect. We further show that NCAM120 and NCAM140, but not the NCAM180 isoform, rescue the phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that a dominant-negative form of Fyn kinase mimics, whereas a constitutively active form of Fyn kinase rescues, the effects of NCAM knockdown. Altogether, our data suggest that NCAM120/NCAM140-mediated Fyn activation promotes GABAergic synapse maturation in postnatal cortex.
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23
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Machnicka B, Czogalla A, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Bogusławska DM, Grochowalska R, Heger E, Sikorski AF. Spectrins: a structural platform for stabilization and activation of membrane channels, receptors and transporters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:620-34. [PMID: 23673272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on structure and functions of spectrin as a major component of the membrane skeleton. Recent advances on spectrin function as an interface for signal transduction mediation and a number of data concerning interaction of spectrin with membrane channels, adhesion molecules, receptors and transporters draw a picture of multifaceted protein. Here, we attempted to show the current depiction of multitask role of spectrin in cell physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Machnicka
- University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Elżbieta Heger
- University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Poland
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24
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Tian N, Leshchyns'ka I, Welch JH, Diakowski W, Yang H, Schachner M, Sytnyk V. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis of close homolog of adhesion molecule L1 (CHL1) promotes neuritogenesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:44447-63. [PMID: 23144456 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CHL1 plays a dual role by either promoting or inhibiting neuritogenesis. We report here that neuritogenesis-promoting ligand-dependent cell surface clustering of CHL1 induces palmitoylation and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis of CHL1. We identify βII spectrin as a binding partner of CHL1, and we show that partial disruption of the complex between CHL1 and βII spectrin accompanies CHL1 endocytosis. Inhibition of the association of CHL1 with lipid rafts by pharmacological disruption of lipid rafts or by mutation of cysteine 1102 within the intracellular domain of CHL1 reduces endocytosis of CHL1. Endocytosis of CHL1 is also reduced by nifedipine, an inhibitor of the L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. CHL1-dependent neurite outgrowth is reduced by inhibitors of lipid raft assembly, inhibitors of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, and overexpression of CHL1 with mutated cysteine Cys-1102. Our results suggest that ligand-induced and lipid raft-dependent regulation of CHL1 adhesion via Ca(2+)-dependent remodeling of the CHL1-βII spectrin complex and CHL1 endocytosis are required for CHL1-dependent neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tian
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs) as Potential Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:85-93. [PMID: 23710421 DOI: 10.1007/s13670-012-0009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The world's human population ages rapidly thanks to the great advance in modern medicine. While more and more body system diseases become treatable and curable, age-related neurodegenerative diseases remain poorly understood mechanistically, and are desperately in need of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Biomarker development consists of a key part of concerted effort in combating neurodegenerative diseases. In many chronic neurodegenerative conditions, neuronal damage/death occurs long before the onset of disease symptoms, and abnormal proteolysis may either play an active role or be a companying event of neuronal injury. Increased spectrin cleavage yielding elevated spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs) by calcium-sensitive proteases such as calpain and caspases has been established in conditions associated with acute neuronal damage such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we review literature regarding spectrin expression and metabolism in the brain, and propose a potential use of SBDPs as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's diseases.
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26
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Brennaman LH, Zhang X, Guan H, Triplett JW, Brown A, Demyanenko GP, Manis PB, Landmesser L, Maness PF. Polysialylated NCAM and ephrinA/EphA regulate synaptic development of GABAergic interneurons in prefrontal cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:162-77. [PMID: 22275477 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel function for the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was identified in ephrinA/EphA-mediated repulsion as an important regulatory mechanism for development of GABAergic inhibitory synaptic connections in mouse prefrontal cortex. Deletion of NCAM, EphA3, or ephrinA2/3/5 in null mutant mice increased the numbers and size of perisomatic synapses between GABAergic basket interneurons and pyramidal cells in the developing cingulate cortex (layers II/III). A functional consequence of NCAM loss was increased amplitudes and faster kinetics of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents in NCAM null cingulate cortex. NCAM and EphA3 formed a molecular complex and colocalized with the inhibitory presynaptic marker vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) in perisomatic puncta and neuropil in the cingulate cortex. EphrinA5 treatment promoted axon remodeling of enhanced green fluorescent protein-labeled basket interneurons in cortical slice cultures and induced growth cone collapse in wild-type but not NCAM null mutant neurons. NCAM modified with polysialic acid (PSA) was required to promote ephrinA5-induced axon remodeling of basket interneurons in cortical slices, likely by providing a permissive environment for ephrinA5/EphA3 signaling. These results reveal a new mechanism in which NCAM and ephrinAs/EphA3 coordinate to constrain GABAergic interneuronal arborization and perisomatic innervation, potentially contributing to excitatory/inhibitory balance in prefrontal cortical circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann H Brennaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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27
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Benson DL, Huntley GW. Synapse adhesion: a dynamic equilibrium conferring stability and flexibility. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 22:397-404. [PMID: 22019151 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) linked to cytoskeleton generate stable cell-cell junctions. Cadherins provide a canonical example, but paradoxically, they participate in a multitude of transient and regulatable interactions. Their extracellular binding generates weak adhesion that is modified by clustering; interactions with F-actin are regulated, can be transient, and can alter F-actin dynamics. Additionally, cadherin recycling from the cell surface can modify the size and location of junctions and strength of adhesion. In epithelial cells, this ongoing dynamic behavior is important for maintaining stable junctions. Recent work supports that cadherins act similarly at synapses where their actions are likely to be shared by integrins and other actin-linked CAMs. Together the collaborative activities of such CAMs provide a stable, but flexible structure that can promote and support changes in synapse shape and size while maintaining stable junctions to permit information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Benson
- Department of Neuroscience and the Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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