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Foster BL, Koslov SR, Aponik-Gremillion L, Monko ME, Hayden BY, Heilbronner SR. A tripartite view of the posterior cingulate cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:173-189. [PMID: 36456807 PMCID: PMC10041987 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the least understood regions of the cerebral cortex. By contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive investigation in humans and model animal systems, leading to detailed behavioural and computational theoretical accounts of its function. The time is right for similar progress to be made in the PCC given its unique anatomical and physiological properties and demonstrably important contributions to higher cognitive functions and brain diseases. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the PCC, with a focus on convergent findings across species and techniques that lay a foundation for establishing a formal theoretical account of its functions. Based on this converging evidence, we propose that the broader PCC region contains three major subregions - the dorsal PCC, ventral PCC and retrosplenial cortex - that respectively support the integration of executive, mnemonic and spatial processing systems. This tripartite subregional view reconciles inconsistencies in prior unitary theories of PCC function and offers promising new avenues for progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Seth R Koslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lyndsey Aponik-Gremillion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Dumke College for Health Professionals, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Megan E Monko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Center for Neural Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Schulze M, Aslan B, Farrher E, Grinberg F, Shah N, Schirmer M, Radbruch A, Stöcker T, Lux S, Philipsen A. Network-Based Differences in Top-Down Multisensory Integration between Adult ADHD and Healthy Controls-A Diffusion MRI Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:388. [PMID: 36979198 PMCID: PMC10046412 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder neurobiologically conceptualized as a network disorder in white and gray matter. A relatively new branch in ADHD research is sensory processing. Here, altered sensory processing i.e., sensory hypersensitivity, is reported, especially in the auditory domain. However, our perception is driven by a complex interplay across different sensory modalities. Our brain is specialized in binding those different sensory modalities to a unified percept-a process called multisensory integration (MI) that is mediated through fronto-temporal and fronto-parietal networks. MI has been recently described to be impaired for complex stimuli in adult patients with ADHD. The current study relates MI in adult ADHD with diffusion-weighted imaging. Connectome-based and graph-theoretic analysis was applied to investigate a possible relationship between the ability to integrate multimodal input and network-based ADHD pathophysiology. METHODS Multishell, high-angular resolution diffusion-weighted imaging was performed on twenty-five patients with ADHD (six females, age: 30.08 (SD: 9.3) years) and twenty-four healthy controls (nine females; age: 26.88 (SD: 6.3) years). Structural connectome was created and graph theory was applied to investigate ADHD pathophysiology. Additionally, MI scores, i.e., the percentage of successful multisensory integration derived from the McGurk paradigm, were groupwise correlated with the structural connectome. RESULTS Structural connectivity was elevated in patients with ADHD in network hubs mirroring altered default-mode network activity typically reported for patients with ADHD. Compared to controls, MI was associated with higher connectivity in ADHD between Heschl's gyrus and auditory parabelt regions along with altered fronto-temporal network integrity. CONCLUSION Alterations in structural network integrity in adult ADHD can be extended to multisensory behavior. MI and the respective network integration in ADHD might represent the maturational cortical delay that extends to adulthood with respect to sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Behrem Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ezequiel Farrher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Farida Grinberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadim Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM-4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 50264 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN-Translational Medicine, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM–11, JARA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Schirmer
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Barton JJ, Rubino C, Albonico A, Jackson M, Davies-Thompson J. Right hemi-alexia. Cortex 2022; 157:288-303. [PMID: 36370599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While pure alexia was long considered a disconnection syndrome, it may also be a selective visual word agnosia due to damage to the visual word form area. Disconnection is still the likely explanation of hemi-alexias, though, particularly when splenial lesions damage inter-hemispheric projections and cause left hemi-alexia. An intra-hemispheric disconnection causing right hemi-alexia is theoretically possible but seems very rare, with only a single report that has been challenged on the grounds of inadequate perimetry. We describe the case of PH, who had a severe reading deficit in her right hemifield. Detailed perimetry showed only a small relative hemi-scotoma along the horizontal meridian, while word reading was impaired over a much larger expanse of her right hemifield, in which object recognition was spared. Reading, lexical decisions, and perceptual discrimination of words were impaired in the right hemifield, and this extended to letters and numbers, with a trend to an effect on the perception of an unfamiliar script, namely Korean. On magnetic resonance imaging she had a large left lateral occipital meningioma with vasogenic edema of occipital white matter tracts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that the visual word form area was located just anterior to the mass. Her perceptual abnormalities resolved after resection of the tumor. We conclude that right hemi-alexia exists and is most likely due to intra-hemispheric disconnection of occipital input to the visual word form area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Js Barton
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Cristina Rubino
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitative Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Andrea Albonico
- Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - MaryLou Jackson
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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4
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van Beek JJW, van Wegen EEH, Rietberg MB, Nyffeler T, Bohlhalter S, Kamm CP, Nef T, Vanbellingen T. Feasibility of a Home-Based Tablet App for Dexterity Training in Multiple Sclerosis: Usability Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e18204. [PMID: 32515747 PMCID: PMC7312262 DOI: 10.2196/18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience dexterous difficulties during the performance of activities of daily living, such as fastening buttons, handling coins, or writing, therefore impacting their health-related quality of life. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions, such as tablet apps, may be used to train impaired dexterous skills. The feasibility of a tablet app-based dexterity home-based intervention in MS (TAD-MS) has not been explored yet in persons with MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and usability of home-based dexterity training with a tablet app in both persons with MS and healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 9 persons with MS, aged 35-71 years, with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 2 and 7.5, performed the TAD-MS for 4 weeks, five times a week, with each training session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Participants' impaired dexterity was measured by the Nine-Hole Peg Test. A total of 10 age-matched healthy subjects also tested and rated the usability of the app. Outcome measures were the adherence rate as well as usability measured by the System Usability Scale and a Custom User Engagement Questionnaire (CUEQ). RESULTS High feasibility of the tablet app-based dexterity training program was shown by a 97% adherence rate to the training protocol (ie, mean 19.4/20 sessions completed, SD 0.8). High system usability scores (ie, mean 85.39%, SD 11.67) and overall high scores given in the CUEQ (ie, mean 8.2/10, SD 1.4) further point to high usability of the app. Neither demographic variables nor dexterity levels affected the use of the app. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study is the first to demonstrate high feasibility and usability of a new tablet app-based dexterity home-based training program among both persons with MS and healthy individuals. Whether this kind of training improves dexterity will need to be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Jantine Willemijn van Beek
- Neurocenter, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Everardus Henri van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Berend Rietberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Neurocenter, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Philipp Kamm
- Neurocenter, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Neurocenter, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Neural correlates of perceptual switching while listening to bistable auditory streaming stimuli. Neuroimage 2020; 204:116220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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6
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Andersson P, Ragni F, Lingnau A. Visual imagery during real-time fMRI neurofeedback from occipital and superior parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 200:332-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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7
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Stillesjö S, Nyberg L, Wirebring LK. Building Memory Representations for Exemplar-Based Judgment: A Role for Ventral Precuneus. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:228. [PMID: 31379536 PMCID: PMC6646524 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain networks underlying human multiple-cue judgment, the judgment of a continuous criterion based on multiple cues, have been examined in a few recent studies, and the ventral precuneus has been found to be a key region. Specifically, activation differences in ventral precuneus (as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) has been linked to an exemplar-based judgment process, where judgments are based on memory for previous similar cases. Ventral precuneus is implicated in various episodic memory processes, notably such that increased activity during learning in this region as well as in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the medial temporal lobes (MTL) have been linked to retrieval success. The present study used fMRI during a multiple-cue judgment task to gain novel neurocognitive evidence informative for the link between learning-related activity changes in ventral precuneus and exemplar-based judgment. Participants (N = 27) spontaneously learned to make judgments during fMRI, in a multiple-cue judgment task specifically designed to induce exemplar-based processing. Contrasting brain activity during late learning to early learning revealed higher activity in ventral precuneus, the bilateral MTL, and the vmPFC. Activity in the ventral precuneus and the vmPFC was found to parametrically increase between each judgment event, and activity levels in the ventral precuneus predicted performance after learning. These results are interpreted such that the ventral precuneus supports the aspects of exemplar-based processes that are related to episodic memory, tentatively by building, storing, and being implicated in retrieving memory representations for judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stillesjö
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linnea Karlsson Wirebring
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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van der Zee YJ, Kooiker MJG, Talamante Ojeda M, Pel JJM. Gestalt Perception in Children With Visual Impairments: Item-Specific Performance and Looking Behavior. Dev Neuropsychol 2019; 44:296-309. [PMID: 30880487 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2019.1590836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Visual closure is the ability to visualize a complete whole when an incomplete picture is presented. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Kaufman Gestalt closure task in children with cerebral and ocular visual impairments. Looking behavior was assessed by an eye tracker system to quantify the number and duration of fixations. We found that children with visual impairments due to cerebral damage show weaker Gestalt perception and had different looking patterns than children with ocular or without visual impairments. Children with brain damage performed significantly worse on the animate items than the group without brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ymie J van der Zee
- a Royal Dutch Visio , Centre of expertise for blind and partially sighted people , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marlou J G Kooiker
- b Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marisabel Talamante Ojeda
- b Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Johan J M Pel
- b Vestibular and Ocular Motor Research Group, Department of Neuroscience , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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9
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Leech R, Smallwood J. The posterior cingulate cortex: Insights from structure and function. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 166:73-85. [PMID: 31731926 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64196-0.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (Brodmann areas 23/31) is one of the least well-understood regions of the cortex. The PCC has very high levels of metabolic consumption, and network analyses of functional and structural data suggest it is a core hub in the human connectome; however, contemporary neuroscience lacks a clear account of its functional significance. Consequently, many studies over the last decade have focused on understanding the role this region plays in cognition, particularly given its apparent tendency to deactivate during demanding external tasks. Consistent with the cytoarchitecture, recent work, leveraging complex analytical approaches, highlight that the connections the PCC forms with other regions are heterogeneous, going beyond a single network, while recent studies of its function highlight a role in a wide range of complex forms of cognition including memory, navigation, and narrative comprehension. This constellation of observations highlights a role for PCC in a set of cognitive processes that are supported by internal representations but may lack a common type of representational content. Together, these structural and functional studies contribute to an emerging view of the PCC as contributing to how cognition unfolds rather than what it is focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Leech
- Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Ishikawa E, Sabundayo MS, Takahashi Y, Kakizaki H. Lacrimal Caruncle Nevus with Papilloma. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018; 8:535-538. [PMID: 29422855 PMCID: PMC5803741 DOI: 10.1159/000480725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this article is to report a case of lacrimal caruncle nevus with papilloma. Methods This is a case report of a 39-year-old female with a progressively enlarging pigmented lesion on the left lacrimal caruncle. She had been aware of a raised whitish wart on the top of this pigmented lesion for several months before her initial visit. Slit lamp examination revealed a papillomatous lesion over a well-circumscribed, pigmented lesion on the left lacrimal caruncle. Results The histopathological examination of the excised tumor disclosed 2 characteristic findings, which include nests of nevus cells within the dermis and papillomatous structures which had fibrovascular cores overlying squamous cell epithelia with variable levels of acanthosis. The findings were consistent with an intradermal nevus and a papilloma arising from the conjunctival epithelium of the nevus. Conclusion This is the first case report of a lacrimal caruncle nevus with papilloma. The clinical history and pathological findings of this case underscore the fact that an intradermal nevus primarily occurred on the lacrimal caruncle, after which a papilloma arose from the epithelium of the nevus as a consequence of human papillomavirus autoinoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Maria Suzanne Sabundayo
- Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kakizaki
- Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
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11
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Zhao Q, Li H, Hu B, Li Y, Gillebert CR, Mantini D, Liu Q. Neural Correlates of Drug-Related Attentional Bias in Heroin Dependence. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:646. [PMID: 29410620 PMCID: PMC5787086 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The attention of drug-dependent persons tends to be captured by stimuli associated with drug consumption. This involuntary cognitive process is considered as attentional bias (AB). AB has been hypothesized to have causal effects on drug abuse and drug relapse, but its underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. This study investigated the neural basis of AB in abstinent heroin addicts (AHAs), combining event-related potential (ERP) analysis and source localization techniques. Electroencephalography data were collected in 21 abstinent heroin addicts and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) during a dot-probe task. In the task, a pair of drug-related image and neutral image was presented randomly in left and right side of the cross fixation, followed by a dot probe replacing one of the images. Behaviorally, AHAs had shorter reaction times (RTs) for the congruent condition compared to the incongruent condition, whereas this was not the case in the HCs. This finding demonstrated the presence of AB towards drug cues in AHAs. Furthermore, the image-evoked ERPs in AHAs had significant shorter P1 latency compared to HCs, as well as larger N1, N2, and P2 amplitude, suggesting that drug-related stimuli might capture attention early and overall require more attentional resources in AHAs. The target-related P3 had significantly shorter latency and lower amplitude in the congruent than incongruent condition in AHAs compared to HCs. Moreover, source localization of ERP components revealed increased activity for AHAs as compared to HCs in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC), superior parietal lobule and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for image-elicited responses, and decreased activity in the occipital and the medial parietal lobes for target-elicited responses. Overall, the results of our study confirmed that AHAs may exhibit AB in drug-related contexts, and suggested that the bias might be related to an abnormal neural activity, both in early and late attention processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhao
- Ubiquitous Awareness and Intelligent Solutions Lab, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongqian Li
- Ubiquitous Awareness and Intelligent Solutions Lab, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Ubiquitous Awareness and Intelligent Solutions Lab, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Céline R. Gillebert
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dante Mantini
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quanying Liu
- Research Centre for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Meichtry JR, Cazzoli D, Chaves S, von Arx S, Pflugshaupt T, Kalla R, Bassetti CL, Gutbrod K, Müri RM. Pure optic ataxia and visual hemiagnosia - extending the dual visual hypothesis. J Neuropsychol 2017; 12:271-290. [PMID: 28258660 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Goodale and Milner's two visual system hypothesis is an influential model for the understanding of the primate visual system. Lesions of either the ventral (occipito-temporal) or the dorsal (occipito-parietal) stream produce distinct and dissociated syndromes in humans: visual agnosia is typical for ventral damage, whereas optic ataxia (OA) for dorsal damage. We studied the case of a 59-year-old left-handed woman with a circumscribed lesion around the left posterior occipital sulcus, extending to the underlying white matter. Initially, she presented with a central visual field OA, which regressed to an OA to the right visual hemifield during the 3 months observation period. In addition, tachistoscopic experiments showed visual hemiagnosia to the right visual hemifield. In line with the findings of the neuropsychological experiments, the analysis of the structural MR data by means of a trackwise hodologic probabilistic approach revealed damage to the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and to the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, indicating an impairment of both the dorsal and the ventral stream. The combination of OA and visual hemiagnosia in the same patient has never been previously described. The present case study thus provides further insights for the understanding of visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurka R Meichtry
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Chaves
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian von Arx
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Pflugshaupt
- Center of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, State Hospital Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Kalla
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio L Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klemens Gutbrod
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Foster BL, Parvizi J. Direct cortical stimulation of human posteromedial cortex. Neurology 2017; 88:685-691. [PMID: 28100728 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a collective term for an anatomically heterogeneous area of the brain constituting a core node of the human default mode network (DMN), which is engaged during internally focused subjective cognition such as autobiographical memory. METHODS We explored the effects of causal perturbations of PMC with direct electric brain stimulation (EBS) during presurgical epilepsy monitoring with intracranial EEG electrodes. RESULTS Data were collected from 885 stimulations in 25 patients implanted with intracranial electrodes across the PMC. While EBS of regions immediately dorsal or ventral to the PMC reliably produced somatomotor or visual effects, respectively, we found no observable behavioral or subjectively reported effects when sites within the boundaries of PMC were electrically perturbed. In each patient, null effects of PMC stimulation were observed for sites in which intracranial recordings had clearly demonstrated electrophysiologic responses during autobiographical recall. CONCLUSIONS Direct electric modulation of the human PMC produced null effects when standard functional mapping methods were used. More sophisticated stimulation paradigms (e.g., EBS during experimental cognitive tests) will be required for testing the causal contribution of PMC to human cognition and subjective experience. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that some extant theories of PMC and DMN contribution to human awareness and subjective conscious states require cautious re-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L Foster
- From the Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (B.L.F., J.P.), Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University, CA; and Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (B.L.F.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Josef Parvizi
- From the Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience (B.L.F., J.P.), Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Stanford University, CA; and Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (B.L.F.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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