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Kharlamova AS, Godovalova OS, Otlyga EG, Proshchina AE. Primary and secondary olfactory centres in human ontogeny. Neurosci Res 2023; 190:1-16. [PMID: 36521642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory centres are the evolutionary oldest and most conservative area of the telencephalon. Olfactory deficiencies are involved in a large spectrum of neurologic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The growing interest in human olfaction has been also been driven by COVID-19-induced transitional anosmia. Nevertheless, recent data on the human olfactory centres concerning normal histology and morphogenesis are rare. Published data in the field are mainly restricted to classic studies with non-uniform nomenclature and varied definitions of certain olfactory areas. While the olfactory system in model animals (rats, mice, and more rarely non-human primates) has been extensively investigated, the developmental timetable of olfactory centres in both human prenatal and postnatal ontogeny are poorly understood and unsystemised, which complicates the process of analysing human material, including medical researches. The main purpose of this review is to provide and discuss relevant morphological data on the normal ontogeny of the human olfactory centres, with a focus on the timetable of maturation and developmental cytoarchitecture, and with special reference to the definitions and terminology of certain olfactory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kharlamova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
| | - O S Godovalova
- Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pokrovka St., 22A, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Proshchina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Patterning the cerebral cortex into distinct functional domains during development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102698. [PMID: 36893490 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is compartmentalized into multiple regions, including the newly evolved neocortex and evolutionarily older paleocortex and archicortex. These broad cortical regions can be further subdivided into different functional domains, each with its own unique cytoarchitecture and distinct set of input and output projections to perform specific functions. While many excitatory projection neurons show region-specific gene expression profiles, the cells are derived from the seemingly uniform progenitors in the dorsal telencephalon. Much progress has been made in defining the genetic mechanisms involved in generating the morphological and functional diversity of the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mouse corticogenesis and discuss key events involved in cortical patterning during early developmental stages.
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Gigliucci V, Teutsch J, Woodbury-Smith M, Luoni M, Busnelli M, Chini B, Banerjee A. Region-Specific KCC2 Rescue by rhIGF-1 and Oxytocin in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:2885-2894. [PMID: 34791112 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is characterized by dysfunction in neuronal excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, potentially impacting seizure susceptibility via deficits in K+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) function. Mice lacking the Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) recapitulate many symptoms of RTT, and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) restores KCC2 expression and E/I balance in MeCP2 KO mice. However, clinical trial outcomes of rhIGF-1 in RTT have been variable, and increasing its therapeutic efficacy is highly desirable. To this end, the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is promising, as it also critically modulates KCC2 function during early postnatal development. We measured basal KCC2 expression levels in MeCP2 KO mice and identified 3 key frontal brain regions showing KCC2 alterations in young adult mice, but not in postnatal P10 animals. We hypothesized that deficits in an IGF-1/OXT signaling crosstalk modulating KCC2 may occur in RTT during postnatal development. Consistently, we detected alterations of IGF-1 receptor and OXT receptor levels in those brain areas. rhIGF-1 and OXT treatments in KO mice rescued KCC2 expression in a region-specific and complementary manner. These results suggest that region-selective combinatorial pharmacotherapeutic strategies could be most effective at normalizing E/I balance in key brain regions subtending the RTT pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasper Teutsch
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Busnelli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Bice Chini
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milan, Italy.,NeuroMi Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Abhishek Banerjee
- Neuroscience Theme, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.,Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Feng J, Hsu WH, Patterson D, Tseng CS, Hsing HW, Zhuang ZH, Huang YT, Faedo A, Rubenstein JL, Touboul J, Chou SJ. COUP-TFI specifies the medial entorhinal cortex identity and induces differential cell adhesion to determine the integrity of its boundary with neocortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6808. [PMID: 34215582 PMCID: PMC11057786 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of cortical regions with precise, sharp, and regular boundaries is essential for physiological function. However, little is known of the mechanisms ensuring these features. Here, we show that determination of the boundary between neocortex and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), two abutting cortical regions generated from the same progenitor lineage, relies on COUP-TFI (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor I), a patterning transcription factor with graded expression in cortical progenitors. In contrast with the classical paradigm, we found that increased COUP-TFI expression expands MEC, creating protrusions and disconnected ectopic tissue. We further developed a mathematical model that predicts that neuronal specification and differential cell affinity contribute to the emergence of an instability region and boundary sharpness. Correspondingly, we demonstrated that high expression of COUP-TFI induces MEC cell fate and protocadherin 19 expression. Thus, we conclude that a sharp boundary requires a subtle interplay between patterning transcription factors and differential cell affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Denis Patterson
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Ching-San Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Hsing
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Faedo
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shabangu T, Chen HL, Zhuang ZH, Pierani A, Chen CFF, Chou SJ. Specific contribution of neurons from the Dbx1 lineage to the piriform cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8349. [PMID: 33863910 PMCID: PMC8052341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The piriform cortex (PC) is a major cortical processing center for the sense of smell that receives direct inputs from the olfactory bulb. In mice, the PC consists of three neuronal layers, which are populated by cells with distinct developmental origins. One origin of PC neurons is the pool of Dbx1-expressing neural progenitors located in the ventral pallium at the pallial-subpallial boundary. Since the precise mechanisms of PC neuron development are largely unknown, we sought to define the distribution, timing of neurogenesis, morphology and projection patterns of PC neurons from the Dbx1 lineage. We found that Dbx1-lineage neurons are preferentially distributed in layer 2 and enriched in the ventral portion of the PC. Further, Dbx1 neurons are early-born neurons and contribute to most neuronal subtypes in the PC. Our data also revealed an enrichment of Dbx1-lineage neurons in the ventral anterior PC that project to the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a specific association between the developmental origin of PC neurons and their neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Shabangu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Chien-Fu F Chen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Brunjes PC. Pyramidal Cells in Olfactory Cortex. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6089162. [PMID: 33433589 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neocortex and olfactory cortices share many features including their laminar organization, developmental sequences, and cell types. Previous work indicates that neocortical pyramidal cells exhibit a gradient of dendritic size: cells involved in the initial processing of information are less complex than those in subsequent, higher processing areas. Results presented here confirm that the same is true for the olfactory cortex: pyramidal cells in the region closest to the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus, have smaller total dendritic length and occupy less neural space than those in the posterior piriform cortex. These findings add to the evidence for general rules of development, organization, and function across forebrain cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Brunjes
- Department Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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