Arena A, Zoccali M, Tranchida PQ, Mondello L. Cryogenic-zone-compression gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in extra virgin olive oil.
J Chromatogr A 2024;
1732:465248. [PMID:
39128238 DOI:
10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465248]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study is based on the development of a straightforward method for the determination (semi-quantification) of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) using "cryogenic-zone-compression" (CZC) gas chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QMS). The use of CZC (through a loop-type cryogenic modulator) to achieve enhanced signal-to-noise ratios (s/n), enabled a simplification of the sample preparation step. In fact, a single extraction process (using only 500 µL of acetonitrile) was performed prior to injection. The CZC GC-QMS method aligns with the principles of green analytical chemistry, and enabled an average s/n increase of 14-fold compared to conventional GC-QMS. The method limits of quantification were in the 0.07-8.33 µg kg-1 range. Accuracy (at the 2 μg kg-1 and 10 μg kg-1 concentration levels) was in the 82-103 % range. Intra-day and inter-day precision (at 2 μg kg-1 and 10 μg kg-1 concentration levels) were in the 1.9-14.7 % and 5.9-9.1 % ranges, respectively, while the recovery values (at 10 µg kg-1) ranged from 24 % to 99 %. For all the PAHs investigated, a positive matrix effect was observed. Two PAHs were detected (in the selected-ion-monitoring mode) in six EVOOs among the ten samples (not more than one PAH per sample).
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