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Liu H, He X, Hu X, Pan B, Huang Z, Shen J. Hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction of fatty acid methyl esters from wastewater coupled with micro sample collector assisted injection technique. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464415. [PMID: 37783003 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction combined with micro sample collector assisted injection technique was developed for the detection of trace fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel wastewater. Polypropylene hollow fiber was employed as extraction material to absorb fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel wastewater. After the adsorption, hollow fiber was sleeved on the needle core of a micro sample collector and introduced directly into a GC injector for thermal desorption of the analytes. The selectivity of polypropylene hollow fiber on fatty acid methyl esters was investigated by extracting common pollutants in wastewater. Under the optimal conditions, the enrichment factors of polypropylene hollow fiber for methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, and methyl stearate were tested as high as 471, 287, 527, and 801, respectively. The quantitative method was validated and the linearity was satisfactory over a concentration range of 10-2000 µg/L with the correlation coefficients more than 0.9990 for 4 fatty acid methyl esters. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.04-0.40 µg/L and 10.0 µg/L, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 92.0-116.7% by analyzing actual spiked samples. The results showed that the established method was suitable for the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in water samples, with simple operation, low cost and environmental friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xinying He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xueqian Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Baoquan Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhongping Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, China.
| | - Jian Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Product and Food Quality Inspection (Ningbo Fiber Inspection Institute), Ningbo 315048, China
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Tintrop LK, Jochmann MA, Beesley T, Küppers M, Brunstermann R, Schmidt TC. Optimization and automation of rapid and selective analysis of fatty acid methyl esters from aqueous samples by headspace SPME arrow extraction followed by GC–MS/MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6473-6483. [PMID: 35851411 PMCID: PMC9411252 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) is of high relevance for monitoring and control of various industrial processes and biological systems. In this study, a novel, green analytical approach for the determination of 24 FAMEs from aqueous samples is proposed, which is based on a headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) arrow followed by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The method was substantially accelerated to a run time of 44 min per sample by thorough optimization and automation of the relevant parameters. The limiting parameters, mostly based on expediting equilibrium attainment, were found to be parameters of extraction: material, pH, time, and temperature, which were optimized to divinylbenzene polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-PDMS), pH 2, 20 min, and 70 °C, respectively. The optimization and automation of the method led to low method detection limits (9–437 ng L−1) and high selectivity. Evaluation of the method on real samples was done by analyzing the aqueous phase of a bioreactor, whereby the matrix effect could be greatly reduced due to dilution and headspace sampling. The rapid, sensitive, selective, and matrix-reduced approach is found to be not only a novel method for water analysis but is promising for further applications, e.g., with solid and gaseous samples containing FAMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie K Tintrop
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Beesley
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Marco Küppers
- Urban Water and Waste Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Brunstermann
- Urban Water and Waste Management, Faculty of Engineering, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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