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Cheng CN, Liao HW, Lin CH, Chang WC, Chen IC, Lu YS, Kuo CH. Quantifying payloads of antibody‒drug conjugates using a postcolumn infused-internal standard strategy with LC‒MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1303:342537. [PMID: 38609272 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are innovative biopharmaceutics consisting of a monoclonal antibody, linkers, and cytotoxic payloads. Monitoring circulating payload concentrations has the potential to identify ADC toxicity; however, accurate quantification faces challenges, including low plasma concentrations, severe matrix effects, and the absence of stable isotope-labeled internal standards (SIL-IS) for payloads and their derivatives. Previous studies used structural analogs as internal standards, but different retention times between structural analogs and target analytes may hinder effective matrix correction. Therefore, a more flexible approach is required for precise payload quantification. RESULTS We developed an LC‒MS/MS method incorporating a postcolumn-infused internal standard (PCI-IS) strategy for quantifying payloads and their derivatives of trastuzumab emtansine, trastuzumab deruxtecan, and sacituzumab govitecan, including DM1, MCC-DM1, DXd, SN-38, and SN-38G. Structural analogs (maytansine, Lys-MCC-DM1, and exatecan) were selected as PCI-IS candidates, and their accuracy performance was evaluated based on the percentage of samples within 80%-120% quantification accuracy. Compared to the approach without PCI-IS correction, exatecan enhanced the accuracy performance from 30-40%-100% for SN-38 and DXd, while maytansine and Lys-MCC-DM1 showed comparable accuracy for DM1 and MCC-DM1. This validated PCI-IS analytical method showed superior normalization of matrix effect in all analytes compared to the conventional internal standard approach. The clinical application of this approach showed pronounced differences in DXd and SN-38 concentrations before and after PCI-IS correction. Moreover, only DXd concentrations after PCI-IS correction were significantly higher in patients with thrombocytopenia (p = 0.037). SIGNIFICANCE This approach effectively addressed the issue of unavailability of SIL-IS for novel ADC payloads and provided more accurate quantification, potentially yielding more robust statistical outcomes for understanding the exposure-toxicity relationship in ADCs. It is anticipated that this PCI-IS strategy may be extrapolated to quantify payloads and derivatives in diverse ADCs, thereby providing invaluable insights into drug toxicity and fortifying patient safety in ADC usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Cancer Center Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shen Lu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wu B, Li Q, Wang L, Chen F, Jiang J. Development and validation of bioanalytical methods to support clinical study of disitamab vedotin. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:385-400. [PMID: 38530234 PMCID: PMC11216245 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Disitamab vedotin (RC48), a humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), is the first antibody-drug conjugate in China with an approved biological license application. A bioanalytical method was established for three analytes (total antibody, conjugate antibody and free payload) to help characterize their pharmacokinetic behavior in clinical settings. The bioanalytical methods were validated according to M10 guidance. Electrochemiluminescence assay methods were used for the quantitative measurement of total antibody and conjugated antibody in human serum. A LC-MS/MS method was used to quantify the concentration of MMAE in human serum. The method had high specificity and sensitivity with a quantitative range of 19.531-1250.000 ng/ml (total antibody), 39.063-5000.000 ng/ml (conjugated antibody) and 0.04-10.0 ng/ml (MMAE), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoning Li
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Wang
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- United-Power Pharma Tech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
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Li X, Wang Y, Hu W, Song Q, Ding L. Development and validation of pharmacokinetics assays for a novel HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (SHR-A1201): Application to its dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115964. [PMID: 38219442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 25% of breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression tend to have a high risk of disease progression and death. Various HER2-targeting therapies have been approved for treatment. Recently, a novel antibody-drug conjugate, SHR-A1201, is being researched and developed. For the pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201, suitable bioanalytical methods are needed for quantifying unconjugated cytotoxin, cytotoxin-conjugated antibodies and total antibodies. In this research, bioanalytical methods involving a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for unconjugated cytotoxic payload DM1 in human plasma, ELISA strategies for DM1-conjugated trastuzumab and total trastuzumab in human serum were developed, validated and successfully applied to a phase I dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201. The pharmacokinetic properties and exposure-to-dose proportionality was evaluated for SHR-A1201. According to the bioanalytical method validation guidance, the bioanalytical methods were fully validated and the validation results met the acceptance criteria. The nonspecific binding of DM1 and dimer was avoided for the LC-MS/MS assay. In the dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study of SHR-A1201, a potential dose-proportional pharmacokinetics was observed over the dose from 1.2 mg/kg to 4.8 mg/kg. The validated bioanalytical strategies are robust and reproducible and these bioanalytical methods will contribute to better understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of SHR-A1201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Nanjing Jiening Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Qinxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Nanjing Clinical Tech Laboratories Inc., 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China; Nanjing Jiening Pharmaceutical Technology, 18 Zhilan Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Song CH, Jeong M, In H, Kim JH, Lin CW, Han KH. Trends in the Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:72. [PMID: 37987250 PMCID: PMC10660735 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer treatment, the first-generation, cytotoxic drugs, though effective against cancer cells, also harmed healthy ones. The second-generation targeted cancer cells precisely to inhibit their growth. Enter the third-generation, consisting of immuno-oncology drugs, designed to combat drug resistance and bolster the immune system's defenses. These advanced therapies operate by obstructing the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells through the body, ultimately eliminating them effectively. Within the arsenal of cancer treatment, monoclonal antibodies offer several advantages, including inducing cancer cell apoptosis, precise targeting, prolonged presence in the body, and minimal side effects. A recent development in cancer therapy is Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), initially developed in the mid-20th century. The second generation of ADCs addressed this issue through innovative antibody modification techniques, such as DAR regulation, amino acid substitutions, incorporation of non-natural amino acids, and enzymatic drug attachment. Currently, a third generation of ADCs is in development. This study presents an overview of 12 available ADCs, reviews 71 recent research papers, and analyzes 128 clinical trial reports. The overarching objective is to gain insights into the prevailing trends in ADC research and development, with a particular focus on emerging frontiers like potential targets, linkers, and drug payloads within the realm of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Minchan Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Hyukmin In
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hoe Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
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