Quality-by-Design Approach for Chromatographic Analysis of Metformin, Empagliflozin and Linagliptin

Green and white MEKC for determination of different anti-diabetic binary mixtures and their triple-combo pill

The work introduces green and white sustainable micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) procedure that could analyze therapeutically related drugs, empagliflozin (EMP), linagliptin (LIN) and metformin (MET) which are antidiabetic drugs with different mechanism of action, in their different pharmaceutical combinations. The method not only comply with the green analytical concepts, but also it is in line with sustainable analytical concepts as it is economic by applying the same operating conditions to analyze different pharmaceuticals in quality control (QC) labs which is a crucial step in QC labs and research centers to save time, effort, and money. Moreover, the method functionality regarding its scope with its achieved levels of accuracy, precision, low detection, and quantitation limits is tested using white assessment tool and compared with reported methods. The proposed MEKC coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) has been developed and validated for micro estimation of EMP and LIN in their low critical concentrations with MET in a ratio of (EMP: MET, 1:40) and (LIN: MET, 1:200). Separation was achieved within 6 min using fused silica capillary (40 cm × 50 µm id) using 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 10) in presence of 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% v/v methanol. The concentration ranges of the studied anti-diabetic drugs were 10-500, 10-100 and 2.5-100 µg. mL^-1 for MET, EMP and LIN, respectively. The developed method is the first MEKC for concurrent determination of EMP, LIN and MET with high separation efficiency, low solvent consumption and regard as an easy green and white analytical tool. Moreover, Greenness and whiteness assessment were done via the most widely used Analytical Eco-Scale, the innovative AGREE tool and the RGB 12 algorithm.

HPLC-DAD technique for the quantification of a recently approved anti-diabetic triple combination along with two toxic official impurities: Toxicity confirmation aided by molecular docking application

BACKGROUND

Gliflozins and gliptins are two distinct groups of pharmacological drugs that reduce blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes in various ways that may perform their functions harmoniously. Trijardy^® tablet, which contains empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin, was recently approved. The scientific database does not yet have a method that is sensitive enough to quantify the aforementioned medications in the presence of metformin official toxic impurities melamine and cyanoguanidine. Molecular docking modeling was utilized in this work to further prove the toxicity of melamine.

METHODS

The five analytes listed before were quantified using RP-HPLC-diode array detector and a Zorbax^® C8 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, which had been treated by ?-phosphoric acid to restore a pH of 4.0 (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the eluted peaks were scanned at 250 nm.

CONCLUSION

The utilization of the simplest isocratic elution mode give the current technique a significant time-and cost-saving benefit. The current method can quantify the triple therapy agents in the presence of each other as well as with two official toxic impurities of metformin in one short analytical run.

Analytical quality by design based on design space in reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography analysis for simultaneous estimation of metformin, linagliptin and empagliflozin

Employing the Quality by Design paradigm through this work helped conclude the method operable design region for optimizing the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay using Design of Experiments and response surface methodology to obtain a good resolution and determination of all analysed compounds and to achieve a suitable analysis time. A deep understanding of the quality target product profile, analytical target profile and risk assessment for parameters that affect the method performance led to developing an accurate, precise and cost-effective method. Quality risk management principles were applied for determining the critical method parameters affecting the simultaneous determination of metformin hydrochloride (MET), linagliptin (LIN) and empagliflozin (EMP) by reversed-phase HPLC . The ternary mixture was successfully resolved in 5 min with a linearity range of (0.1-600) µg ml^-1 for MET and (0.05-50) µg ml^-1 for LIN and EMP. The newly developed method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. Good agreement was observed with the assay results of the reported UPLC one. To evaluate the greenness of the proposed method, an analytical Eco-Scale method was used.