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Barakat NT, El-Brashy AM, Fathy ME. Eco-friendly, sensitive and inventive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of ciprofloxacin and phenylephrine in their pure form, single and combined eye drops. BMC Chem 2024; 18:27. [PMID: 38317259 PMCID: PMC10845616 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile, sensitive, accurate and green spectrofluorimetric method was evolved for the assay of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFX) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PLN) in their co-formulated eye drops with their challengeable ratio of 30:1 for CFX and PLN, respectively. Such drops are clinically used for the treatment of eye bacterial infections. They relieve the symptoms of infection by stopping further growth of the causative microorganisms. The assay principle based on first-order synchronous spectrofluorometric scan using Δ λ = 40 nm in which PLN peak amplitudes were recorded at 283.4 nm, meanwhile CFX was measured at 326.2 nm in the same scans. The calibration curves were linear within the concentration ranges: 0.02-0.5 µg/mL and 0.5-5.0 µg/mL for PLN and CFX, respectively. The method validation was confirmed following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines. This suggested method was the first one that described simultaneous analysis of PLN and CFX by a spectrofluorimetric technique. In this method, green analytical procedures were implemented to lessen occupational and environmental perils and method greenness was assessed by four assessment tools. GAPI, NEMI, AGREE and Analytical eco-scale were applied to this study and it was deduced from their results that the method had high degree of greenness as it fulfilled all requirements of GAPI, NEMI pictograms and it had high scores of analytical eco scale (97) and AGREE methods (0.82). Subsequently, it was successfully applied to assay both drugs in pure forms, pharmaceutical single and co-formulated eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neamat T Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Amina M El-Brashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mona E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Ahmed-Anwar AA, Mohamed MA, Farghali AA, Mahmoud R, Hassouna MEM. Green UPLC method for estimation of ciprofloxacin, diclofenac sodium, and ibuprofen with application to pharmacokinetic study of human samples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17613. [PMID: 37848502 PMCID: PMC10582071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of a unique and fast method for the determination and separation of a mixture of three drugs viz., ciprofloxacin (CIP), Ibuprofen (IBU), and diclofenac sodium (DIC) in actual samples of human plasma. Also, the technique was used to look at their pharmacokinetics study. Hydrocortisone was chosen as the internal standard (IS). The drugs were chromatographically separated using an Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatography UPLC ® BEH C18 1.7 µm (2.1 × 150 mm) column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: water (65:35, v/v) adjusted to pH 3 with diluted acetic acid. Plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile. The separated drugs ranged from 0.3 to 10, 0.2-11, and 1-25 µg/mL for CIP, IBU, and DIC, respectively. Calibration curves were discovered to achieve linearity with acceptable correlation coefficients (0.99%). Examination of quality assurance samples showed exceptional precision and accuracy. Following the successful application of this improved technique to plasma samples, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of each selected drug were evaluated using (UPLC) with UV detection at 210 nm. Two green metrics were applied, the Analytical Eco-scale and the Analytical GREEnness Calculator (AGREE). Separation was achieved in only 4-min analysis time. The method's validation agreed with the requirements of the FDA, and the results were sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A Ahmed-Anwar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
- Central Research Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Department, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E M Hassouna
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Tantawy MA, Wahba IA, Saad SS, Ramadan NK. Classical versus chemometrics tools for spectrophotometric determination of fluocinolone acetonide, ciprofloxacin HCl and ciprofloxacin impurity-A in their ternary mixture. BMC Chem 2023; 17:49. [PMID: 37287045 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Green, simple, accurate and robust univariate and chemometrics assisted UV spectrophotometric approaches have been adopted and validated for concurrent quantification of fluocinolone acetonide (FLU), ciprofloxacin HCl (CIP) together with ciprofloxacin impurity-A (CIP imp-A) in their ternary mixture. Double-divisor ratio spectra derivative (DDRD) method has been used for determination of FLU. On the other hand, the first (D1) and second (D2) derivative approaches have been applied for the quantification of CIP and CIP imp-A, respectively. For the ratio difference (RD), derivative ratio (DR), and mean centering of ratio spectra (MC) methods, CIP and its impurity A have been simultaneously determined. The acquired calibration plots were linear over the concentration range of 0.6-20.0 μg/mL, 1.0-40.0 μg/mL and 1.0-40.0 μg/mL for fluocinolone acetonide, ciprofloxacin HCl, and ciprofloxacin impurity-A, respectively. The chemometrics methods namely; partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used for the concurrent determination of the three adopted components via using twenty-five mixtures as calibration set and fifteen mixtures as validation one. The investigated approaches were validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, and statistically compared with the official ones. The proposed methods were acceptably applied to the examination of FLU and CIP in their pure powders and pharmaceutical ear drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Israa A Wahba
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah S Saad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nesrin K Ramadan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Tantawy MA, Abdulla SA, Mohamed OY, Abou Al-Alamein AM. Normal-Phase TLC and Gradient Reversed-Phase HPLC for the Simultaneous Determination of Enrofloxacin and Bromhexine HCl in Presence of Two of Their Official Impurities. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6617666. [PMID: 35750039 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two chromatographic methods are developed and validated for the determination of enrofloxacin and bromhexine (BRM) HCl in the presence of two of their specified impurities, ciprofloxacin and BRM impurity C. The suggested chromatographic methods included the use of thin layer chromatography (TLC-densitometry) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In case of TLC-densitometry, good separation was achieved by using mobile phase of n.butanol:acetone:water:glacial acetic acid:triethylamine (10:3:1:0.5:0.5, by volume) on silica gel stationary phase at 254-nm detection. The developed HPLC method used BDS HYPERSIL C18 column with a mobile phase of water:acetonitrile:methanol:triflouroacetic acid. A linear gradient elution of 75-10%, 20-50% and 5-40% for water, acetonitrile and methanol, respectively, was applied in 13 min at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min-1. These methods were sufficient to separate the four substances simultaneously, and they are validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Shaaban A Abdulla
- Egyptian Drug Authority-Central Administration of Drug Control, Analytical Chemistry Department, 51 wezaret El-Zeraa St, Agouza, 12611, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Y Mohamed
- Egyptian Drug Authority-Central Administration of Drug Control, Analytical Chemistry Department, 51 wezaret El-Zeraa St, Agouza, 12611, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abou Al-Alamein
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th district, Cairo 11571, Egypt
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Kelani KM, Hegazy MA, Hassan AM, Tantawy MA. A green TLC densitometric method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of naphazoline HCl, pheniramine maleate along with three official impurities. BMC Chem 2022; 16:24. [PMID: 35379288 PMCID: PMC8981625 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Impurity profiling of a pharmaceutical compound is now taking great attention during quality assessment of pharmaceuticals, as presence of small amount of impurities may affect safety and efficacy. In this work, a novel TLC chromatographic method coupled with densitometric detection was established for the simultaneous quantification of naphazoline HCl, pheniramine maleate and three of their official impurities, namely; naphazoline impurity B, pheniramine impurities; A & B. Chromatographic separation was carried out on TLC aluminum silica plates F254, as a stationary phase, using methanol: ethyl acetate: 33.0% ammonia (2.0: 8.0: 1.0, by volume), as a mobile phase. Plates were examined at 260.0 nm and International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines were followed for method's validation. Important factors, such as; composition of mobile phase and detection wavelengths were optimized. Linearity was achieved over the ranges of 2.0-50.0 µg band-1 for naphazoline, 10.0-110.0 µg band-1 for pheniramine, 0.1-10.0 µg band-1 for naphazoline impurity B and 2.0-50.0 µg band-1 for both pheniramine impurities. The proposed method was assessed in terms of accuracy, precision and robustness where satisfactory results (recovery % ≈ 100% and RSD < 2) were obtained. The method was also applied for the simultaneous determination of naphazoline HCl and pheniramine maleate, in Naphcon-A® eye drops, with respective recoveries of 101.36% and 100.94%. Method greenness was evaluated and compared to the reported HPLC one via environmental, health and safety tool. The developed method has much potential over the reported one of being simple, selective, economic and time saving for the analysis of the five cited compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga M Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th district, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Amal M Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, El-hadaba El-Wosta, Mokatam, 5th district, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Tantawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, Giza, Egypt.
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