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Yang D, Li X, Fu Y, Tao X, Zheng F, Yu J, Yue H, Dai Y. Metabolic study of ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride in type 2 diabetic rats by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9083. [PMID: 33742471 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride have been applied to treat type 2 diabetes (T2DM) because of their good hypoglycemic effects. In this study, the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 acting synergistically with glimepiride were investigated in liver microsomes from rats with type 2 diabetes. METHODS An in vitro incubation system with normal rat liver microsomes (RLM) and type 2 diabetic rat liver microsomes (TRLM) was developed. The system also included two experimental groups consisting of RLM and TRLM pretreated with ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride (named the RLMR and TRLMR groups, respectively). The metabolism in the different groups was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS). RESULTS The results showed that the concentration of glimepiride increased in RLM and TRLM after treatment with ginsenoside Rg3. Five metabolites (M1-M5) of glimepiride were found, and they were named 3N-hydroxyglimepiride, hydroxyglimepiride, 1,2-epoxy ether-3-hydroxyglimepiride, 1N-hydroxyglimepiride and 1N,2C,S,O,O-epoxy ether-3-hydroxyglimepiride. The metabolite of ginsenoside Rg3 was ginsenoside Rh2. CONCLUSIONS An in vitro incubation system with RLM and TRLM was developed. The system revealed pathways that produce glimepiride metabolites. Ginsenoside Rg3 may inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. The present study showed that ginsenoside Rg3 and glimepiride may be combined for the treatment of T2DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Synergism
- Ginsenosides/pharmacokinetics
- Ginsenosides/pharmacology
- Ginsenosides/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Molecular Structure
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Streptozocin
- Sulfonylurea Compounds/analysis
- Sulfonylurea Compounds/pharmacokinetics
- Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xue Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yunhua Fu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xingyu Tao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Postdoctoral Work Station of Jilin Aodong Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Dunhua, 133700, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yulin Dai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
- Postdoctoral Work Station of Jilin Aodong Medicine Group Co., Ltd., Dunhua, 133700, China
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Zhu J, Li Y, Xiang Y, Zhou L, Li Y. Magnetic solid phase extraction followed with LC-MS/MS for determination of glimepiride in beagle dog plasma and its application to bioequivalence study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Preparation and comparison of Fe 3O 4@graphene oxide nanoclusters for analysis of glimepiride in urine by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4057-4065. [PMID: 32248396 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has the ability to absorb certain compounds, and it can be modified with functional groups for different purposes; for instance, iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles can be used to concentrate analyte by a magnet. Recently, many kinds of GO have been developed, such as single-layer GO (SLGO), two-to-four layers of GO (i.e., few-layer GO, FLGO2-4), and four-to-eight layers of GO (i.e., multi-layer GO, MLGO4-8). However, the abilities of these layered GO coated with IO nanoparticles have not been investigated. In this study, we conducted a novel analysis of glimepiride by using layered GO-coated magnetic clusters of IO nanoparticles that were synthesized through a simple and facile emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The methodology is based on (i) enrichment of glimepiride using the layered GO-coated magnetic clusters of IO nanoparticles (IO@SLGO, IO@FLGO2-4, and IO@MLGO4-8), and (ii) rapid determination using magnetic cluster-based surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOFMS). We found that IO@MLGO4-8, the magnetic cluster with the greatest number of GO layers, had the best limit of detection (28.6 pmol/μL for glimepiride). The number of GO layers played a significant role in increasing the sensitivity of the SALDI-MS, indicating that the size of GO in the magnetic clusters contributed to the desorption/ionization efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to enrich glimepiride using magnetic clusters of different GO types and to show that the glimepiride in HLB purified urine adsorbed by magnetic clusters can be analyzed by SALDI-TOFMS.
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Rapid, Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Glibenclamide in Rat Plasma. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:2569027. [PMID: 30245720 PMCID: PMC6139228 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2569027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quick and specific bioanalytical methods are required for analyzing drugs in biological samples. A simple, quick, sensitive, and specific UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for glibenclamide determination in plasma samples. The plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation technique. Glimepiride was used as internal standard (IS). Glibenclamide and glimepiride were eluted on C18 column (Acquity UPLC®BEH). Mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) and water (0.1% formic acid) was pumped in binary gradient mode at flow rate of 150 μL/min. Glibenclamide and IS elution time was about 1.0 min, and total run time was 2.0 min. The mass spectrometer (triple-quadrupole) was operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. Sodium adducts [M + Na]+ of glibenclamide and IS were monitored in MRM mode. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 10-1280 ng/mL, with regression equation Y = 0.0076 X – 0.0165 and linear regression coefficient r2 = 0.999. Lower limit of quantitation was 10 ng/mL. Accuracy of the method at LQC, MQC, and HQC was 109.7% (± 6.7), 93.6% (± 0.4), and 99.3% (± 1.9), respectively. The coefficient of variation for precision at all QC concentrations was less than 6%. Recovery at LLQC, MQC, and HQC was 104.2% (± 4.9), 100.6% (± 0.9), and 102.9% (± 5.8), respectively. The method was successfully implemented for pharmacokinetic investigations (in-house data).
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Meng X, Zhang T, Li Y, Pan Q, Jiang J, Luo Y, Chong L, Yang Y, Xu S, Zhou L, Sun Z. Development and application of an analytical method for curdione quantification in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1499-505. [PMID: 25736727 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The vaginal administration route suffers from relatively low absorption efficiency, which may hinder the identification of the toxicokinetics of curdione in pregnant women. A sensitive analytical method for determining the plasma concentration of curdione was developed and applied in the determination of curdione in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats as a simulated model. Glimepiride was used as an internal standard and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Capcell Pak C18 MGIII column. A gradient elution profile with 0.5% formic acid (A)-0.5% formic acid-acetonitrile (B) was selected as mobile phase. The selected reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification based on the target fragment ions m/z 237.2 to m/z 135.1 for curdione and m/z 491.3 to m/z 352.1 for the glimepiride. The standard curve was linear over the range of 0.5-500 ng/mL for curdione in rat plasma and yielded a consistent peak pattern, even at the lower limit of quantitation of 0.5 ng/mL. The retention times of curdione and IS were 6.55 and 6.59 min, respectively. The mean recovery of curdione in rat plasma was 95.5-101.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were between 2.35 and 9.08%. This LC-MS/MS method provides a simple and sensitive means for determining the plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- Pharmacy School of Fudan University, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Chong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- Pharmacy School of Fudan University, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Meng X, Zhang T, Li Y, Pan Q, Jiang J, Luo Y, Chong L, Yang Y, Xu S, Zhou L, Sun Z. The toxicokinetic profile of curdione in pregnant SD rats and its transference in a placental barrier system detected by LC–MS/MS. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 71:158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of oral antidiabetic drugs in human plasma using microextraction by packed sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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