1
|
Wu ZW, Li WB, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang L, Chen B, Wang MK, Ji L, Hu WC, Li F. Oleanane- and Ursane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Centella asiatica Exhibit Neuroprotective Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6977-6986. [PMID: 32502339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, centelloside F (1), centelloside G (2), 11-oxo-asiaticoside B (3), 11-oxo-madecassoside (4), 11(β)-methoxy asiaticoside B (5), and 11(β)-methoxy madecassoside (6), along with seven known ones, asiaticoside (7), asiaticoside B (8), madecassoside (9), centellasaponin A (10), isoasiaticoside (11), scheffoleoside A (12), and centelloside E (13), were separated from the 80% MeOH extract of the whole plant of Centella asiatica, which has been used as a medicinal plant and is now commercially available as a diatery supplement in many countries. Compounds 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6 are three pairs of isomers with oleanane- or ursane-type triterpenes as aglycones. The chemical structures of the new triterpene saponins were fully characterized by extensive analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. The protective effects of compounds 1-13 on PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA were screened, and compound 3 displayed the best neuroprotective effect, with 91.75% cell viability at the concentration of 100 μM. Moreover, compound 3 also attenuated cell apoptosis and increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Additionally, compound 3 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, including PDK1, Akt, and GSK-3β. These findings suggested that triterpene saponins from C. asiatica were worthy of further biological research to develop new neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Wu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Technical Center of Beijing Customs District, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kui Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilian Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farag MA, Song GC, Park YS, Audrain B, Lee S, Ghigo JM, Kloepper JW, Ryu CM. Biological and chemical strategies for exploring inter- and intra-kingdom communication mediated via bacterial volatile signals. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1359-1377. [PMID: 28617451 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Airborne chemical signals emitted by bacteria influence the behavior of other bacteria and plants. We present an overview of in vitro methods for evaluating bacterial and plant responses to bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs). Three types of equipment have been used to physically separate the bacterial test strains from either other bacterial strains or plants (in our laboratory we use either Arabidopsis or tobacco plant seedlings): a Petri dish containing two compartments (BI Petri dish); two Petri dishes connected with tubing; and a microtiter-based assay. The optimized procedure for the BI Petri dish system is described in this protocol and can be widely used for elucidation of potential function in interactions between diverse microbes and those plant and chemical volatiles emitted by bacteria that are most likely to mediate bacterial or plant responses to BVCs. We also describe a procedure for metabolome-based BVC profiling via dynamic (i.e., continuous airflow) or static headspace sampling using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Using both these procedures, bacteria-bacteria communications and bacteria-plant interactions mediated by BVCs can be rapidly investigated (within 1-4 weeks).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Geun Cheol Song
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience &Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Park
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience &Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bianca Audrain
- Genetics of Biofilms Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience &Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Genetics of Biofilms Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Joseph W Kloepper
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience &Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|