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Kumar H, Duhan J, Obrai S. Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescence and Smartphone-Based Sensor for Detection of Rutin Using Boron Nitrogen Co-doped Graphene Quantum Dots. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5. [PMID: 38995477 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This research explores the fluorescence properties and photostability of boron nitrogen co-doped graphene quantum dots (BN-GQDs), evaluating their effectiveness as sensors for rutin (RU). BN-GQDs are biocompatible and exhibit notable absorbance and fluorescence characteristics, making them suitable for sensing applications. The study utilized various analytical techniques to investigate the chemical composition, structure, morphology, optical attributes, elemental composition, and particle size of BN-GQDs. Techniques included X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average particle size of the BN-GQDs was determined to be approximately 3.5 ± 0.3 nm. A clear correlation between the emission intensity ratio and RU concentration was identified across the range of 0.42 to 4.1 μM, featuring an impressively low detection limit (LOD) of 1.23 nM. The application of BN-GQDs as fluorescent probes has facilitated the development of a highly sensitive and selective RU detection method based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) principles. This technique leverages emission at 465 nm. Density Functional Theory (DFT) analyses confirm that FRET is the primary mechanism behind fluorescence quenching, as indicated by the energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of BN-GQDs and RU. The method's effectiveness has been validated by measuring RU concentrations in human serum samples, showing a recovery range between 97.8% and 103.31%. Additionally, a smartphone-based detection method utilizing BN-GQDs has been successfully implemented, achieving a detection limit (LOD) of 49 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Jyoti Duhan
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Sangeeta Obrai
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
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2
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Phenolic Profile and the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea) Meal: A Prospective Study. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010086. [PMID: 36613302 PMCID: PMC9818655 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical extraction of oils from Brazilian açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart) produces significant amounts of a byproduct known as "meal", which is frequently discarded in the environment as waste material. Nevertheless, plant byproducts, especially those from oil extraction, may contain residual polyphenols in their composition and be a rich source of natural bioactive compounds. In this study, the phenolic composition and in vitro biological properties of a hydroethanolic açaí meal extract were elucidated. The major compounds tentatively identified in the extract by high-resolution mass spectrometry were anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonoids. Furthermore, rhamnocitrin is reported in an açaí byproduct for the first time. The extract showed reducing power and was effective in scavenging the ABTS radical cation (820.0 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1) and peroxyl radical (975.7 µmol Trolox equivalent∙g-1). NF-κB activation was inhibited at 10 or 100 µg∙mL-1 and TNF-α levels were reduced at 100 µg∙mL-1. However, the antibacterial effects against ESKAPE pathogens was not promising due to the high concentration needed (1250 or 2500 µg∙mL-1). These findings can be related to the diverse polyphenol-rich extract composition. To conclude, the polyphenol-rich extract obtained from açaí meal showed relevant biological activities that may have great applicability in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Chen M, Xu J, Chen F, Zhou Q, Wang S, Han A. Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ivosidenib in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ivosidenib (AG-120) is an unlisted, but estimated to be valid, oral inhibitor for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in the phase Ⅰ study of IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. This paper presents the investigation and validation of a rapid, effective, qualitative and quantitative determination method of ivosidenib in rat plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were treated using acetonitrile precipitation to remove protein influence. Then, the supernatant was extracted to analyze plasma concentration traits. In the UPLC system, acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid were selected as a cosolvent mobile phase, applying a gradient elution to isolate compounds in a C18 column. Mass detections were performed on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer in positive ion mode. Electroshock characteristic fragment ionization was used for m/z 583.95→214.53 for ivosidenib for quantitative determination, m/z 583.95→186.6 for qualitative determination, and m/z 492.06→354.55 for IS. The selectivity, linearity, stability, accuracy and precision were verified by reaching the guideline criteria from European Medicine Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 2–2,000 ng mL−1 for ivosidenib in rat plasma with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of at least 2 ng mL−1. Additionally, there was no distinct matrix effect or carry-over phenomenon. The method was successfully established and applied to separate ivosidenib from plasma, with the entire analytical process being performed within 3 min for each sample, which shows high-efficiency and convenience for further studies of ivosidenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minle Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou 325600, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aixia Han
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Sachetto ATA, Miyamoto JG, Tashima AK, de Souza AO, Santoro ML. The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828269. [PMID: 35264963 PMCID: PMC8899467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (BjV) is a complex mixture of molecules, and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP) are the most abundant protein families found therein. Toxins present in BjV trigger most of the deleterious disturbances in hemostasis observed in snakebites, i.e., thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and bleedings. The treatment of patients bitten by snakes still poses challenges and the bioflavonoid rutin has already been shown to improve hemostasis in an experimental model of snakebite envenomation. However, rutin is poorly soluble in water; in this study, it was succinylated to generate its water-soluble form, rutin succinate (RS), which was analyzed comparatively regarding the chemical structure and characteristic features of rutin. Biological activities of rutin and RS were compared on hemostatic parameters, and against toxic activities of crude BjV in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with either BjV alone or pre-incubated with rutin, RS or 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phe, an SVMP inhibitor), and the survival rates and hemostatic parameters were analyzed 48 h after envenomation. RS showed the characteristic activities described for rutin - i.e., antioxidant and inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase - but also prolonged the clotting time of fibrinogen and plasma in vitro. Differently from rutin, RS inhibited typical proteolytic activities of SVMP, as well as the coagulant activity of BjV. Importantly, both rutin and RS completely abrogated the lethal activity of BjV, in the same degree as o-phe. BjV induced hemorrhages, falls in RBC counts, thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in mice. Rutin and RS also improved the recovery of platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, and the development of hemorrhages was totally blocked in mice injected with BjV incubated with RS. In conclusion, RS has anticoagulant properties and is a novel SVMP inhibitor. Rutin and RS showed different mechanisms of action on hemostasis. Only RS inhibited directly BjV biological activities, even though both flavonoids neutralized B. jararaca toxicity in vivo. Our results showed clearly that rutin and RS show a great potential to be used as therapeutic compounds for snakebite envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson Gabriel Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Olívia de Souza
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Huang C, Chen X, Wei C, Wang H, Gao H. Deep Eutectic Solvents as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Metabolic Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794939. [PMID: 35002726 PMCID: PMC8740069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic related diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are major challenges for human health and safety worldwide due to their associations with high morbidity and mortality. It is of great significance to develop the effective active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) delivery systems for treatment of metabolic diseases. With their unique merits like easy preparation, high adjustability, low toxicity, low cost, satisfactory stability and biodegradation, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are unarguably green and sustainable API delivery systems that have been developed to improve drug solubility and treat metabolic related diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Many reports about DESs as API delivery systems in the therapy of cancer, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis exist but no systematic overview of these results is available, which motivated the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cixin Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiunian Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan, China.,School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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6
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Zhang H, Hassan YI, Liu R, Mats L, Yang C, Liu C, Tsao R. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Absorption of Aglycone and Glycosidic Flavonoids in a Caco-2 BBe1 Cell Model. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10782-10793. [PMID: 32455198 PMCID: PMC7240828 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of cellular absorption and transport underlying the differences between flavonoid aglycones and glycosides and the effect of the structural feature are not well established. In this study, aglycone, mono-, and diglycosides of quercetin and cyanidin were selected to examine the effects of the structural feature on the bioavailability of flavonoids using hexose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in a Caco-2 BBe1 cell model. Cellular uptake and transport of all glycosides were significantly different. The glycosides also significantly inhibited cellular uptake of d-glucose, indicating the involvement of the two hexose transporters SGLT1 and GLUT2 in the absorption, and the potential of the glycosides in lowering the blood glucose level. The in silico prediction model also supported these observations. The absorption of glycosides, especially diglycosides but not the aglycones, was significantly blocked by SGLT1 and GLUT2 inhibitors (phloridzin and phloretin) and further validated in SGLT1 knockdown Caco-2 BBe1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Yousef I. Hassan
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Lili Mats
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Cheng Yang
- Food
Science Department, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu Qu, Wuxi Shi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central
Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Chang-ji Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph
Research & Development Centre, Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- . Phone: +1 226 217 8180. Fax: +1 226 217 8183
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7
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Fratianni F, Cozzolino A, De Feo V, Coppola R, Ombra MN, Nazzaro F. Polyphenols, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Biofilm Inhibitory Activities of Peel and Pulp of Citrus medica L., Citrus bergamia, and Citrus medica cv. Salò Cultivated in Southern Italy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244577. [PMID: 31847295 PMCID: PMC6943604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the polyphenols of peel and pulp of three Citrus taxa—Citrus medica, Citrus bergamia, and Citrus medica cv. Salò—cultivated in the Cosenza province, Southern Italy, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activity, performed against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pectobacterium carotovorum. Furthermore, we assessed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on bacterial capacity to form biofilm, and on the metabolic activity of the cells present therein. The results indicated that such extracts could find new potential applications in the field of natural antioxidant and anti-bacterial agents in pharmaceutics, agriculture, and food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florinda Fratianni
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Autilia Cozzolino
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c., 83100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (F.N.); Tel.: +39-08-996-9751(V.D.F.); +39-08-2529-9102 (F.N.)
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, DiAAA-University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c., 83100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Neve Ombra
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISA-CNR), via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.F.); (M.N.O.)
- Correspondence: (V.D.F.); (F.N.); Tel.: +39-08-996-9751(V.D.F.); +39-08-2529-9102 (F.N.)
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8
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Álvarez MS, Zhang Y. Sketching neoteric solvents for boosting drugs bioavailability. J Control Release 2019; 311-312:225-232. [PMID: 31521743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging neoteric solvents are being the subject of growing attention due to their lower cost and environmental impact, so they are being applied in a broad spectrum of industries. Among them, the pharmaceutical sector is demanding new environmentally friendly and non-toxic solvents able to enhance drugs solubility and stability. The introduction of ionic liquids turned out to be a breakthrough in the field of Green Chemistry opening up new separation and catalysis opportunities. In this sense, the options represented by Deep Eutectic Solvents make up an attractive alternative due to the low cost of their raw material, simple synthesis, and eco-friendly character. In line with these findings, Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents are new and promising alternatives to improve the bioavailability of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. This leading article is focused on providing a general picture of the advantages and drawbacks of these new solvents as well as the main research lines and perspectives to achieve efficient drugs delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Álvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, P. O. Box 36310, Vigo, Spain; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Radi AE, Wahdan T, El-Basiony A. Electrochemical Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Pharmaceuticals Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180501100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
<P>Background: The electrochemical sensing of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and biological matrices using molecular-imprinting polymer (MIP) as a recognition element combined with different electrochemical signal transduction has been widely developed. The MIP electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, as well as other electrode modifiers incorporated into the MIPs to enhance the performance of the sensor, have been discussed. The recent advances in enantioselective sensing using MIP-based electrochemical sensors have been described. </P><P> Methods: The molecular imprinting has more than six decades of history. MIPs were introduced in electrochemistry only in the 1990s by Mosbach and coworkers. This review covers recent literature published a few years ago. The future outlook for sensing, miniaturization and development of portable devices for multi-analyte detection of the target analytes was also given. </P><P> Results: The growing pharmaceutical interest in molecularly imprinted polymers is probably a direct consequence of its major advantages over other analytical techniques, namely, increased selectivity and sensitivity of the method. Due to the complexity of biological samples and the trace levels of drugs in biological samples, molecularly imprinted polymers have been used to improve the response signal, increase the sensitivity, and decrease the detection limit of the sensors. The emergence of nanomaterials opened a new horizon in designing integrated electrochemical systems. The success of obtaining a high-performance electrochemical sensor based on MIPs lies in the kind of material that builds up the detection platform. </P><P> Conclusion: The novel approaches to produce MIP materials, combined with electrochemical transduction to develop sensors for screening different pharmaceutically active compounds have been overviewed. MIPs may appear indispensable for sensing in harsh conditions, or sensing that requires longterm stability unachievable by biological receptors. The electrochemical sensors provide several benefits including low costs, shortening analysis time, simple design; portability; miniaturization, easy-touse, can be tailored using a simple procedure for particular applications. The performance of sensor can be improved by incorporating some conductive nanomaterials as AuNPs, CNTs, graphene, nanowires and magnetic nanoparticles in the polymeric matrix of MIP-based sensors. The application of new electrochemical sensing scaffolds based on novel multifunctional-MIPs is expected to be widely developed and used in the future.</P>
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd-Egawad Radi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dumyat University, Dumyat, Egypt
| | - Tarek Wahdan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Amir El-Basiony
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dumyat University, Dumyat, Egypt
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Faggian M, Sut S, Perissutti B, Baldan V, Grabnar I, Dall'Acqua S. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) as a Tool for Bioavailability Improvement: Pharmacokinetics of Rutin Dissolved in Proline/Glycine after Oral Administration in Rats: Possible Application in Nutraceuticals. Molecules 2016; 21:E1531. [PMID: 27854256 PMCID: PMC6272970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for innovation in plant-derived pharmaceuticals, food supplements and nutraceutical products regarding the use of more eco-sustainable solvents for their extraction. Furthermore, the poor oral bioavailability of several phytochemicals with health promoting effects stimulates the research in the field of pharmaceutical formulations. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) are formed by natural compounds, and can be considered as future solvents being especially useful for the preparation of nutraceuticals and food-grade extracts. In this paper various NADES were prepared using sugars, aminoacids and organic acids. Rutin (quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6))-β-d-glucopyranose) was used as a model compound to study NADES. Moreover, the effect of various eutectic mixtures on rutin's water solubility was studied. Proline/glutamic acid (2:1) and proline/choline chloride (1:1) mixtures have a solubility comparable to ethanol. The proline/glutamic acid (2:1) eutectic containing rutin was used in a pharmacokinetic study in Balb/c mice while bioavailability was compared to oral dosing of water suspension. Plasmatic levels of rutin were measured by HPLC-MS/MS showing increased levels and longer period of rutin permanence in plasma of NADES treated animals. This paper reports the possible use of non-toxic NADES for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Faggian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Valeria Baldan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Iztok Grabnar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva cesta 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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11
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Naqvi AA, Alam MA, Samim M, Iqbal Z, Ahmad FJ. Quantification of rutin in rat's brain by UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS after intranasal administration of rutin loaded chitosan nanoparticles. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:518-531. [PMID: 28096783 PMCID: PMC5225736 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rutin (RT), an antioxidant drug, has been utilized to treat cerebral ischemia hence a sensitive quantification method for estimation of RT in brain homogenate is necessary to develop. This study aims to prepare RT loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (RT-CS-NPs) develop and validate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-synapt mass spectrometric method Synapt Mass Spectrometry (Synapt MS) (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) for quantification of RT in brain homogenate from Wistar rat. The process of chromatographic separation was carried out on Waters ACQUITY UPLC™ with the components of separation in detail as; column: BEH C-18 with dimension as 2.1 mm×100 mm and particle size 1.7 µm, mobile phase: acetonitrile (85 % v/v/v): 2 mM ammonium formate (15 % v/v/v): formic acid (0.1 % v/v/v) and flow rate: 0.25 mL/min. Liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE), in mixture, i.e. ethyl acetate:acetonitrile, was considered to optimize the recovery of analyte from the brain homogenate of Wistar rat. Over a total run time of 5 minutes, the elution time for RT and internal standard (IS), i.e. Tolbutamide, observed was 2.67 and 2.82 min respectively whereas the transition observed for RT and IS was at m/z 611.1023/303.1071 and 271.1263/155.1073, respectively. Results, regarding various processes and parameters studied for RT as summarized, established a linear dynamic range over a concentration range of 1.00 ng/mL - 1000.0 ng/mL with r2; 0.9991±0.0010. Accuracy for intra and inter-assay in terms of % CV revealed a range of 0.45- 2.11 whereas lower limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) observed was 0.09 ng/mL and 0.142 ng/mL, respectively. The analyte stability as well as method specificity and accuracy, i.e. recovery > 86 %, supports the idea for application of current developed method in order to quantify and evaluate the RT-loaded-CS-NPs for RT determination in brain homogenate after intranasal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam-31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam-31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida-201310, India
| | - Mohd Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hamdard University, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India
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