1
|
Tang X, Zhang Y, Zhang YY, Zhang Z, Tian Y. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous analysis of clopidogrel and simvastatin and their main metabolites in beagles: Application to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5714. [PMID: 37574765 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Clopidogrel (CLP) and simvastatin (SV) are commonly used in combination therapies as anti-cardiovascular drugs. However, the effect of coadministration on the absorption and metabolism of the two drugs in vivo is not clear. This study developed and validated an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of CLP, clopidogrel carboxylic acid (CLPCA), 2-oxo-clopidogrel (2-O-CLP), SV, and simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA) in beagle plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an InfinityLab Poroshell 120 SB-C8 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) using methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min in gradient mode. The lower limits of quantification are 0.1, 0.8, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.05 ng/mL for CLP, CLPCA, 2-O-CLP, SV, and SVA, respectively. The selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were validated within acceptable criteria. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic drug interaction study between CLP and SV, and the results revealed that combined administration affected the metabolic rate of CLP, SV, and their metabolites. This study is the first to detect CLP, CLPCA, 2-O-CLP, SV, and SVA simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rajput G, Patel P, Singh D, Asati V, Kurmi BD. Quality by design assisted high‐performance liquid chromatography parameters for simultaneous estimation of simvastatin and fenofibrate. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics ISF College of Pharmacy Moga India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, He J, Tang X, Zhang Z, Tian Y. A Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid in Beagle Plasma: Application to an Absolute Bioavailability Study. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5290. [PMID: 34854096 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of both simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA) in beagle plasma was developed and successfully applied to an absolute bioavailability study. Lovastatin (LV) was used as internal standard (IS). The analysis was performed using an electrospray ionization (ESI) and selective reaction monitoring (SRM) in positive mode at m/z 441.0 → 325.0 for SV, 459.0 → 343.0 for SVA and 427.0 → 325.0 for IS, respectively. The assay procedure involved a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of SV, SVA and LV from beagle plasma into methyl tert-butyl ether. Separation of SV, SVA and IS was achieved on a shim-pack VP-ODS column (150 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a binary gradient solvent system of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (15:85, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated over the range of 0.25-500 ng/mL for SV (r2 ≥ 0.9923) and 0.24-481.23 ng/mL for SVA (r2 ≥ 0.9987). The results of method validation for accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effect and stability were within the acceptance criteria. The value of absolute bioavailability of SV and SVA in beagles was 2.97% and 25.40%, respectively. It is the first study developed for the measurement of absolute bioavailability of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in beagles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ademowo OS, Dias IHK, Diaz-Sanchez L, Sanchez-Aranguren L, Stahl W, Griffiths HR. Partial Mitigation of Oxidized Phospholipid-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Cells by Oxocarotenoids. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:113-126. [PMID: 31985464 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important (patho)physiological sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and phospholipid oxidation; an increase in mitochondrial content of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) associates with cell death. Previously we showed that the circulating OxPL 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) increases in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and associates with lower plasma antioxidant oxocarotenoids, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Since oxocarotenoids are metabolized in mitochondria, we propose that during AD, lower concentrations of mitochondrial zeaxanthin and lutein may result in greater phospholipid oxidation and predispose to neurodegeneration. Here, we have investigated whether non-toxic POVPC concentrations impair mitochondrial metabolism in differentiated (d)SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and whether there is any protective role for oxocarotenoids against mitochondrial dysfunction. After 24 hours, glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in neuronal cells exposed to POVPC (1-20 μM) compared with vehicle control without loss of viability compared to control. However, mitochondrial ROS production (determined by MitoSOX oxidation) was increased by 50% only after 20 μM POVPC. Following delivery of lutein (0.1-1 μM) and zeaxanthin (0.5-5 μM) over 24 hours in vitro, oxocarotenoid recovery from dSH-SY5Y cells was > 50%. Co-incubation with oxocarotenoids prevented loss of GSH after 1 μM but not 20 μM POVPC, whereas the increase in ROS production induced by 20 μM POVPC was prevented by lutein and zeaxanthin. Mitochondrial uncoupling increases and ATP production is inhibited by 20 μM but not 1 μM POVPC; carotenoids protected against uncoupling although did not restore ATP production. In summary, 20 μM POVPC induced loss of GSH and a mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit in neuronal cells that was not mitigated by oxocarotenoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorena Diaz-Sanchez
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meola TR, Abuhelwa AY, Joyce P, Clifton P, Prestidge CA. A safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic study of a novel simvastatin silica-lipid hybrid formulation in healthy male participants. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1261-1272. [PMID: 32918160 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SIM) is a commonly used cholesterol-lowering drug that can reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. However, due to its poor intrinsic water solubility, the drug is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and exhibits a low oral bioavailability of approximately 5%. The aim of this study was to fabricate and optimize SIM encapsulated silica-lipid hybrids (SLH) as a solid-state lipid-based formulation to enhance absorption and bioavailability during a human in vivo pharmacokinetic study. SLH formulations were formulated by spray drying a submicron emulsion with either Aerosil® 300 fumed silica nanoparticles (SLH-A) or Syloid® 244 amorphous micronized silica (SLH-B). A cross-over, double-blinded study design was implemented to evaluate the performance of SLH formulations compared with a commercially available formulation in 12 healthy male participants after oral administration under fasting conditions. SLH formulations enhanced the bioavailability of SIM up to 1.6-fold and more importantly the active simvastatin acid (SIMA), 3.5-fold when compared with an equivalent dose of commercial formulation. The results demonstrate that the porous nanostructure of SLH impact systemic SIM and SIMA concentrations and may serve as a novel approach to enhance the bioavailability of specifically the parent or metabolite. No significant difference was observed in exposure when SLH formulations were administered at 10 mg in comparison with 20 mg of the commercial formulation, suggesting the potential for dose reduction. The study indicated that SLH formulations were safe and well-tolerated when administered to healthy males, confirming the commercial potential of SLH to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia R Meola
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Ahmad Y Abuhelwa
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter Clifton
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ademowo OS, Sharma P, Cockwell P, Reis A, Chapple IL, Griffiths HR, Dias IHK. Distribution of plasma oxidised phosphatidylcholines in chronic kidney disease and periodontitis as a co-morbidity. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:130-138. [PMID: 31644951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and periodontitis as a co-morbidity have a higher mortality rate than individuals with CKD and no periodontitis. The inflammatory burden associated with both diseases contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We previously demonstrated that periodontitis is associated with increasing circulating markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We propose that inflammatory oxidised phosphocholines may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD. However, the analysis of oxidised phospholipids has been limited by a lack of authentic standards for absolute quantification. Here, we have developed a comprehensive quantification liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based multiple reaction monitoring method for oxidised phospholipids (including some without available authentic species) that enables us to simultaneously measure twelve oxidised phosphatidylcholine species with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. The standard curves for commercial standards 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PGPC); 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PONPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PAzPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POVPC), were linear with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 for all analytes. The method is reproducible, with intra- and inter-day precision <15%, and accuracy within ±5% of nominal values for all analytes. This method has been successfully applied to investigate oxidised phosphatidylcholine in plasma from CKD patients with and without chronic periodontitis and the data that was obtained has been compared to plasma from healthy controls. Comparative analysis demonstrates altered chain fragmented phosphatidylcholine profiles in the plasma samples of patients with CKD and periodontitis as a co-morbidity compared to healthy controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Paul Cockwell
- Renal Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Ana Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iain L Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Healthcare Trust, Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Priestley Road, Guildford, GU2 7YH, UK; Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Al-Hashimi NN, Shahin RO, Al-Hashimi AN, Al Ajeal AM, Tahtamouni LH, Basheer C. Cetyl-alcohol-reinforced hollow fiber solid/liquid-phase microextraction and HPLC-DAD analysis of ezetimibe and simvastatin in human plasma and urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4410. [PMID: 30315647 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new cetyl-alcohol-reinforced hollow fiber solid/liquid-phase microextraction (CA-HF-SLPME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of ezetimibe and simvastatin in human plasma and urine samples. To prepare the CA-HF-SLPME device, the cetyl-alcohol was immobilized into the pores of a 2.5 cm hollow fiber micro-tube and the lumen of the micro-tube was filled with 1-octanol with the two ends sealed. Afterwards, the prepared device was introduced into 10 mL of the sample solution containing the analytes with agitation. Under optimized conditions, calibration curves plotted in spiked plasma and urine samples were linear in the ranges of 0.363-25/0.49-25 μg L-1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin and 0.193-25/0.312-25 μg L-1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in plasma and urine samples, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.109/0.174 μg L-1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in plasma and 0.058/0.093 μg L-1 for ezetimibe/simvastatin in urine. As a potential application, the proposed method was applied to determine the concentration of selected analytes in patient plasma and urine samples after medication and satisfactory results were achieved. In comparison with reference methods, the CA-HF-SLPME-HPLC-DAD method demonstrates considerable potential in the biopharmaceutical analysis of selected drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil N Al-Hashimi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hashemite University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rand O Shahin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hashemite University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Aqeel N Al-Hashimi
- University College of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ajeal M Al Ajeal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal and Family Medicine, The Hashemite University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lubna H Tahtamouni
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Al-Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Chanbasha Basheer
- College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Zailik A, Cheung LK, Wang Y, Sherman V, Chow DSL. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and their active metabolites for plasma samples of obese patients underwent gastric bypass surgery. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:258-267. [PMID: 30396053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are considered the first line treatment of hyperlipidemia to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are higher in obese patients. Published methods for the quantification of statins and their active metabolites did not test for matrix effect of or validate the method in hyperlipidemic plasma. A sensitive, specific, accurate, and reliable LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of simvastatin (SMV), active metabolite of simvastatin acid (SMV-A), atorvastatin (ATV), active metabolites of 2-hydroxy atorvastatin (2-OH-ATV), 4-hydroxy atorvastatin (4-OH-ATV), and rosuvastatin (RSV) was developed and validated in plasma with low (52-103 mg/dl, <300 mg/dl) and high (352-403 mg/dl, >300 mg/dl) levels of triglyceride. The column used in this method was ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm I.D., 1.7 μm). A gradient elution of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium formate and 0.04% formic acid in water) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile) was used with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and run time of 5 min. The transitions of m/z 436.3 → 285.2 for SMV, m/z 437.2 → 303.2 for SMV-A, m/z 559.2 → 440.3 for ATV, m/z 575.4 → 440.3 for 2-OH-ATV and 4-OH-ATV, m/z 482.3 → 258.1 for RSV, and m/z 412.3 → 224.2 for fluvastatin (internal standard, IS) were determined by Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) method to detect transitions ions in the positive ion mode. The assay has a linear range of 0.25 (LLOQ) -100 ng/ml for all six analytes. Accuracy (87-114%), precision (3-13%), matrix effect (92-110%), and extraction recovery (88-100%) of the assay were within the 15% acceptable limit of FDA Guidelines in variations for plasma with both low and high triglyceride levels. The method was used successfully for the quantification of SMV, ATV, RSV, and their active metabolites in human plasma samples collected for an ongoing clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study on patients prior to and post gastric bypass surgery (GBS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma El-Zailik
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Lily K Cheung
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vadim Sherman
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diana S-L Chow
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ademowo OS, Dias HKI, Milic I, Devitt A, Moran R, Mulcahy R, Howard AN, Nolan JM, Griffiths HR. Phospholipid oxidation and carotenoid supplementation in Alzheimer's disease patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:77-85. [PMID: 28315450 PMCID: PMC5488966 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease, characterised by decline of memory, cognitive function and changes in behaviour. Generic markers of lipid peroxidation are increased in AD and reactive oxygen species have been suggested to be involved in the aetiology of cognitive decline. Carotenoids are depleted in AD serum, therefore we have compared serum lipid oxidation between AD and age-matched control subjects before and after carotenoid supplementation. The novel oxidised phospholipid biomarker 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) was analysed using electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), 8-isoprostane (IsoP) was measured by ELISA and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was measured by a colorimetric assay. AD patients (n=21) and healthy age-matched control subjects (n=16) were supplemented with either Macushield™ (10mg meso-zeaxanthin, 10mg lutein, 2mg zeaxanthin) or placebo (sunflower oil) for six months. The MRM-MS method determined serum POVPC sensitively (from 10µl serum) and reproducibly (CV=7.9%). At baseline, AD subjects had higher serum POVPC compared to age-matched controls, (p=0.017) and cognitive function was correlated inversely with POVPC (r=-0.37; p=0.04). After six months of carotenoid intervention, serum POVPC was not different in AD patients compared to healthy controls. However, POVPC was significantly higher in control subjects after six months of carotenoid intervention compared to their baseline (p=0.03). Serum IsoP concentration was unrelated to disease or supplementation. Serum FRAP was significantly lower in AD than healthy controls but was unchanged by carotenoid intervention (p=0.003). In conclusion, serum POVPC is higher in AD patients compared to control subjects, is not reduced by carotenoid supplementation and correlates with cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - H K I Dias
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Milic
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Devitt
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - R Mulcahy
- Waterford University Hospital, Age-related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - A N Howard
- Howard Foundation, Cambridge, UK; Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - H R Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|