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Ali AMBH, Abdel-Aal FAM, Rageh AH, Mohamed AMI. A Comprehensive Review on Analytical Techniques for Determination of Sex Stimulants, PDE5 Inhibitors in Different Matrices with Special Focus on the Electroanalytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-30. [PMID: 36508289 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting men and its incidence increases with aging. Due to its substantial influence on the quality of life, phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been implemented to treat ED by increasing the penile blood flow that results in improving erection. PDE5 inhibitors is a class of drugs that affects many pharmacological sectors, and it is essential to review the different analytical methods described for their determination. Few reviews were published concerning this group of drugs. For this reason, this review article gathers the different analytical methods used to determine PDE5 inhibitors in pharmaceutical and biological samples over the past 20 years. Different analytical techniques were used to analyze these compounds in different matrices such as separation methods (capillary electrophoresis, LC-MS, UPLC-MS/MS, and GC-MS), spectroscopic methods (UV-visible methods, FT-IR spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry) and electrochemical methods (polarography, voltammetry and potentiometry). This review focuses on the different electrochemical methods and their use in analytical determination of PDE5 inhibitors in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. Moreover, it discusses the different modified electrodes used for their electroanalytical determination and the behavior of the studied drugs at different modified electrodes. Additionally, this review discusses the pharmacokinetics of the studied compounds and their interactions with other co-administered drugs especially the metabolic interactions between the studied compounds and other co-administered drugs in different matrices. This literature survey would provide a beneficial guide for future analytical investigation of PDE5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Montaser Bellah H Ali
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza H Rageh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud I Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zhu WL, Zheng C, Xiong WG, Chen CL, Yi JL, Zhang XJ, Luo X. UPLC-MS/MS for the Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil and N-Desmethyl Sildenafil. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:823-829. [PMID: 33517421 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma. The protein precipitation was used for extraction and the gradient elution of the mobile phase A of water (containing 0.01% formic acid) and the mobile phase B of acetonitrile, and methanol (V:V = 1:1, containing 0.01% formic acid) was used for chromatographic separation on a C18 column. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 475.4 → m/z 283.3 for sildenafil, m/z 461.4 → m/z 283.2 for N-desmethyl sildenafil, m/z 483.3 → m/z 108.1 for sildenafil-d8 (IS) and m/z 469.2 → m/z 283.3 for N-desmethyl sildenafil-d8 (IS) at the positive ionization mode. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 6.8% and 4.1% for sildenafil and N-desmethyl sildenafil, respectively. Accuracy at four levels ranged from 93.1% to 115.9% for sildenafil and 95.6% to 112.5% for N-desmethyl sildenafil. The present method was sensitive and reliable for simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and its active metabolite and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of an oral low dose of sildenafil in Chinese healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ling Zhu
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen Gang Xiong
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Cai Li Chen
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Ling Yi
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Unit 04, Floor 4, Building 2, Biomedical Industrial Park, No. 2052 West Wengjiao Road, Haicang District, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu Jin Zhang
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
| | - Xi Luo
- BE/Phase I Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, China
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Box-Behnken Assisted Validation and Optimization of an RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Domperidone and Lansoprazole. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly specific, accurate, and simple RP-HPLC technique was developed for the real-time quantification of domperidone (DOMP) and lansoprazole (LANS) in commercial formulations. Chromatographic studies were performed using a Luna C8(2), 5 μm, 100Å, column (250 × 4.6 mm, Phenomenex) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate (51:49 v/v), pH 6.7. The flow rate was 1 mL·min−1 with UV detection at 289 nm. Linearity was observed within the range of 4–36 µg·mL−1 for domperidone and 2–18 µg·mL−1 for lansoprazole. Method optimization was achieved using Box-Behnken design software, in which three key variables were examined, namely, the flow rate (A), the composition of the mobile phase (B), and the pH (C). The retention time (Y1 and Y3) and the peak area (Y2 and Y4) were taken as the response parameters. We observed that slight alterations in the mobile phase and the flow rate influenced the outcome, whereas the pH exerted no effect. Method validation featured various ICH parameters including linearity, limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, stability, and system suitability. This method is potentially useful for the analysis of commercial formulations and laboratory preparations.
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Wang Z, Wu X, Liu L, Xu L, Kuang H, Xu C. An immunochromatographic strip sensor for sildenafil and its analogues. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6383-6389. [PMID: 31642841 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new hapten of sildenafil (Sild) was successfully synthesized and a sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Sild was produced based on this new hapten. The subclass of the mAb was IgG2a, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the mAb was 0.53 ng mL-1. Next, an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was established for detecting Sild and its analogues in functional foods, where the visual detection limit (vLOD) and cut-off values were 0.5 and 20 μg kg-1, respectively. With the aid of a strip scan reader, the ICA can measure Sild with an LOD of 0.7 μg kg-1 and a line range of detection between 1.40 and 13.11 μg kg-1. The whole test process takes only 15 min. Therefore, the ICA provides a useful tool for the on-site detection and rapid initial screening of Sild in functional food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. and International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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Li LL, Zhang XJ, Zheng C, Fan MX, Xu HY, Yi JL, Feng Y, Luo X, Li WH, Cheng ZN. Simultaneous determination and determination of sildenafil and its active metabolite in human plasma using LC-MS/MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4927. [PMID: 32562289 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography-tandam mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of sildenafil and its metabolite N-desmethyl sildenafil in human plasma. Sildenafil-d8 was used as an internal standard. The analytes were extracted by precipitation extraction and chromatographed on a C18 column using mobile phase A of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B of acetonitrile (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution. Quantification was done using multiple reaction monitoring mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 475.4 → m/z 283.3 for sildenafil, m/z 461.4 → m/z 283.2 for N-desmethyl sildenafil and m/z 483.3 → m/z 108.1 for IS in positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was established over the range of 2.00-1,000 ng/ml and the correlation coefficient was >0.99. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were <6.5% for sildenafil and 6.3% for N-desmethyl sildenafil respectively. Accuracy determinaed at four concentrations was 86.50-105.67% for sildenafil and 96.83-114.40% for N-desmethyl sildenafil. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic description of sildenafil and the effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil was also demonstrated in healthy Chinese volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ling Li
- School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiu-Jin Zhang
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ming-Xia Fan
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hao-Yun Xu
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | | | - Yan Feng
- AccuBE PharmaTech, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xi Luo
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- The First affiliated hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen university, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ze-Neng Cheng
- School of Xiangya Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Cheng Z, Song H, Zhang Y, Han D, Yu X, Shen Q, Zhong F. Concurrent Extraction and Purification of Gentiopicroside from Gentiana scabra Bunge Using Microwave-Assisted Ethanol-Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 58:60-74. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A potential method called microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (MA-ATPE) was developed for concurrent extraction and purification of gentiopicroside from Gentiana scabra Bunge. Formation characteristics of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of ethanol and 25 kinds of salts were investigated; K2HPO4 (w/w, 21.71%) and ethanol (w/w, 40.72%) were determined to be the optimal compositions of ATPS. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the extraction conditions, the optimal parameters were summarized as follows: 80°C of extraction temperature, 31 s of extraction time, 11:1 (mL/g) of liquid-to-solid ratio, 100 meshes of particle size and 806 W of microwave power. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of gentiopicroside was 65.32 ± 0.24 mg/g with a recovery of 96.51%. Compared with other four methods, the purity of gentiopicroside in the crude extracts reached 17.16 ± 0.25%, which was significantly higher than that of smashing tissue extraction, microwave assisted-extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction, respectively. In addition, the phase-forming salt can be recyclable. Therefore, MA-ATPE was an excellent and alternative technique to the conventional extraction approaches of gentiopicroside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Dandan Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Xue Yu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Qihui Shen
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Fangli Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
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Mukthinuthalapati MA, Bukkapatnam V, Kallepalli P. Simultaneous Determination of Anti-diabetic Drugs in Their Combined Dosage Forms Using HPLC: An Experimental Design Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2019; 57:339-348. [PMID: 30753337 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method has been established for the separation of five presently existing anti-diabetic drugs-metformin, pioglitazone, glibenclamide, glimepiride and repaglinide using design of experiments methodology. The main objective of this method is to identify the suitable conditions for the adequate separation of these five drugs with minimal analysis time. Experiment design is one of the Quality by design approaches, which incorporates multifaceted combinations of independent variables and their interactions during the optimization of analytical methods for the determination of drugs. Phenomenex Luna C8-type column (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm particle size) was employed and 0.3% acetic acid in water: acetonitrile mixture was used as mobile phase (0.829 mL min-1 as flow rate) for the separation of analytes (Detection wavelength-230 nm). The chromatographic efficiency was investigated for the combined effects of each of mobile phase composition, buffer strength, flow rate at three levels using Box-Behnken design which is one of experimental design. The optimized method was validated using the above statistical approach and applied for the assay of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkatesh Bukkapatnam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assurance, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Pramadvara Kallepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis & Quality Assurance, GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
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Hasnain MS, Javed MN, Alam MS, Rishishwar P, Rishishwar S, Ali S, Nayak AK, Beg S. Purple heart plant leaves extract-mediated silver nanoparticle synthesis: Optimization by Box-Behnken design. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:1105-1114. [PMID: 30889643 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present research work describes a novel method for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using purple heart plant leaves extract, which is recognized as frequently found in households as an ornamental plant. The aqueous methanolic extract of purple heart plant leaves was prepared and employed in the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles via biological reduction method. The purple heart plant leaves extract-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles were systematically optimized using Box-Behnken design considering the effect of various independent variables (factors) like concentration of AgNO3, temperature and volume of purple heart plant leaves extract solution on the responses like particle size and polydispersity index of synthesized silver nanoparticles were optimized. Mathematical modelling was performed using quadratic polynomial model and response surface analysis was done to understand the factor-response relationship. The synthesized silver nanoparticles at optimum condition were found to be of spherical in shape under TEM with particle size of 98 nm and polydispersity index of 0.15. Optimized silver nanoparticles were further characterized through UV-VIS spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy and TEM imaging studies. Also, the silver nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. In a nutshell, the studies construed successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles along with thorough understanding of the associated factors influencing their quality characteristics and significantly improved antibacterial activity as beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha 244236, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Md Noushad Javed
- Quality Assurance Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K R Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Poonam Rishishwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha 244236, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Rishishwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, NH-24, Rajabpur, Gajraula, Amroha 244236, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sadath Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj 757086, India.
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Product Development Research, Jubilant Generics Limited, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bhatt P, Saquib Hasnain M, Nayak AK, Hassan B, Beg S. Development and Validation of QbD-Driven Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Paracetamol and Diclofenac in Human Plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1429305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, India
| | - M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, U.P, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmacutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
| | - Bushra Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Product Development Research, Jubilant Generics Limited, Noida, U.P., India
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