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Liu G, Xie R, Tan Q, Zheng J, Li W, Wang Q, Liang Y. Pharmacokinetic study and neuropharmacological effects of atractylenolide Ⅲ to improve cognitive impairment via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118420. [PMID: 38838925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese herbal remedy Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is renowned for its purported gastrointestinal regulatory properties and immune-enhancing capabilities. Atractylenolide III (ATL III), a prominent bioactive compound in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, has demonstrated significant pharmacological activities. However, its impact on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and therapeutic potential concerning Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain inadequately investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to assess the plasma pharmacokinetics of ATL III in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and elucidate its neuropharmacological effects on AD via the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Through this research, we endeavor to furnish experimental substantiation for the advancement of novel therapeutics centered on ATL III. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic profile of ATL III in SD rat plasma was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). AD models were induced in SD rats through bilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of streptozotocin (STZ). ATL III was administered at doses of 0.6 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, and 2.4 mg/kg, while donepezil (1 mg/kg) served as control. Cognitive function assessments were conducted employing behavioral tests including the Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition. Neuronal pathology and histological changes were evaluated through Nissl staining and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Oxidative stress levels were determined by quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity. Molecular docking analysis was employed to explore the direct binding between ATL III and its relevant targets, followed by validation using Western blot (WB) experiments to assess the expression of p-Tau, PI3K, AKT, GSK3β, and their phosphorylated forms. RESULTS Within the concentration range of 5-500 ng/mL, ATL III demonstrated exceptional linearity (R2 = 0.9991), with a quantification limit of 5 ng/mL. In male SD rats, ATL III exhibited a Tmax of 45 min, a t1/2 of 172.1 min, a Cmax of 1211 ng/L, and an AUC(0-t) of 156031 ng/L*min. Treatment with ATL III significantly attenuated Tau hyperphosphorylation in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) rats. Furthermore, ATL III administration mitigated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced Nissl body loss, alleviated histological alterations, decreased MDA content, and enhanced T-SOD activity. Molecular docking analyses revealed strong binding affinity between ATL III and the target genes PI3K, AKT, and GSK3β. Experimental validation corroborated that ATL III stimulated the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT while reducing the phosphorylation of GSK3β. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ATL III can mitigate Tau protein phosphorylation through modulation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. This attenuation consequently ameliorates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, leading to enhanced learning and memory abilities in ICV-STZ rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Ruiye Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qiwen Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Grafakou ME, Barda C, Skaltsa H, Heilmann J. Study on the metabolism of natural sesquiterpene lactones in human liver microsomes using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1855-1863. [PMID: 37354443 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2226301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring, highly active -specialised metabolites, which are biosynthesized by important medicinal plants, fulfilling many functions. The in vitro metabolism of parthenolide (1), grosheimin (2), carbetolide C (3), 8α-O-(3,4-dihydroxy--methylenebutanoyloxy)-dehydromelitensin (4) and arteludovicinolide A (5) was examined using human liver microsomes. Phase I, phase II (glucuronidation), as well as combined phase I + II metabolism were studied. Metabolites were identified via liquid chromatography-high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Monohydroxylated, hydrated, carboxylated, methylated derivatives, together with corresponding monoglucuronides were detected, suggesting that the metabolism of sesquiterpene lactones is changeable due to structural features and scaffold diversity, though the lactone ring is the main site of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Grafakou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Barda
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joerg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Qian H, Ye Z, Hu Y, Wu M, Chen L, Li L, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Yang M, Xudong W, Ye Q, Qin K. Molecular targets associated with ulcerative colitis and the benefits of atractylenolides-based therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1398294. [PMID: 38860174 PMCID: PMC11163078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1398294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines that can significantly impact quality of life and lead to various complications. Currently, 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics are the major treatment strategies for UC, but their limitations have raised concerns. Atractylenolides (ATs), sesquiterpene metabolites found in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., have shown promising effects in treating UC by exerting immune barrier modulation, alleviating oxidative stress, gut microbiota regulation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and repairing the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, ATs have been shown to possess remarkable anti-fibrosis, anti-thrombus, anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer. These findings suggest that ATs hold important potential in treating UC and its complications. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the efficacy and potential mechanisms of ATs in treating UC and its complications, providing the latest insights for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhu Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liulin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Xudong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ma P, Peng C, Peng Y, Fan L, Chen X, Li X. A mechanism of Sijunzi decoction on improving intestinal injury with spleen deficiency syndrome and the rationality of its compatibility. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116088. [PMID: 36649851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a renowned formula for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its non-polysaccharides (NPS) component, dominated by various compounds of SJZD, has shown the remarkable efficacy in SDS, especially in gastrointestinal injury. However, the principle of compatibility of SJZD and the micro-mechanism of effect on SDS are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the scientific implications of SJZD compatibility and its micro-mechanism in the treatment of SDS-induced intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the chemical composition of NPS in SJZD and incomplete SJZD (iSJZD, including SJZD-R, SJZD-A, SJZD-P, SJZD-G) were comprehensively analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and comparing their chemical composition by multivariate statistical analysis to reveal the effect of a single herb on SJZD compatibility. Second, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to uncover the micro-mechanisms of potential active compounds in SJZD for the treatment of SDS, and develop an active component combination (ACC) by accurate quantification. Subsequently, the action of the potential active compounds and ACC was verified through in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS A total of 112, 77, 93, 87, and 67 compounds were detected in NPS of SJZD, SJZD-R, SJZD-A, SJZD-P, and SJZD-G, respectively. Changes in the chemical components of SJZD_NPS and iSJZD_NPS revealed that RG and RAM, as well as RAM and Poria significantly affected the dissolution of each other's chemical components, and the co-decoction of four herbs promoted the dissolution of the active compounds and inhibited toxic compounds. Furthermore, network pharmacology showed that 274 compounds of 15 categories in SJZD_NPS acted on the 186 key targets to treat SDS by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity, and regulating gastrointestinal function and metabolism. Finally, through in vitro experiments, six compounds among 18 potential compounds were verified to markedly repair intestinal epithelium injury by modulating the FAK/PI3K/Akt or LCK/Ras/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It is worth mentioning that ACC, composed of 11 compounds accurately quantified, demonstrated significant in vivo treatment effects on intestinal damage with SDS similar to NPS or SJZD. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates the scientific evidence of the "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" and "detoxification and synergistic" in the decocting process of SJZD. An ACC, the active component of SJZD, ameliorate SDS-induced intestinal injury by the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which provides a strategy for screening alternatives to effective combinations of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chongsheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Wang D, Li Q, Pan CS, Yan L, Sun K, Wang XY, Anwaier G, Liao QZ, Xie TT, Fan JY, Huo XM, Wang Y, Han JY. Yu-Ping-Feng Formula Ameliorates Alveolar-Capillary Barrier Injury Induced by Exhausted-Exercise via Regulation of Cytoskeleton. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891802. [PMID: 35814249 PMCID: PMC9263595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yu-ping-feng powder (YPF) is a compound traditional Chinese medicine extensively used in China for respiratory diseases. However, the role of YPF in alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and potential mechanism of YPF on alveolar-capillary barrier injury induced by exhausted exercise. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish an exhausted-exercise model by using a motorized rodent treadmill. YPF at doses of 2.18 g/kg was administrated by gavage before exercise training for 10 consecutive days. Food intake-weight/body weight, blood gas analysis, lung water percent content, BALF protein concentration, morphological observation, quantitative proteomics, real-time PCR, and Western blot were performed. A rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell line (PMVEC) subjected to hypoxia was applied for assessing the related mechanism. Results: YPF attenuated the decrease of food intake weight/body weight, improved lung swelling and hemorrhage, alleviated the increase of lung water percent content and BALF protein concentration, and inhibited the impairment of lung morphology. In addition, YPF increased the expression of claudin 3, claudin 18, occludin, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin, attenuated the epithelial and endothelial hyperpermeability in vivo and/or in vitro, and the stress fiber formation in PMVECs after hypoxia. Quantitative proteomics discovered that the effect of YPF implicated the Siah2-ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway, Gng12-PAK1-MLCK, and RhoA/ROCK, which was further confirmed by Western blot. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032737. Conclusion: YPF ameliorated alveolar-capillary barrier injury induced by exhausted exercise, which is accounted for at least partly by the regulation of cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Yan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Wang
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Gulinigaer Anwaier
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian-Zan Liao
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huo
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Yan Han,
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Deng M, Chen H, Long J, Song J, Xie L, Li X. Atractylenolides (I, II, and III): a review of their pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:633-654. [PMID: 34269984 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is a widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Atractylenolides (-I, -II, and -III) are a class of lactone compounds derived from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. Research into atractylenolides over the past two decades has shown that atractylenolides have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-osteoporosis, and antibacterial activity; protect the nervous system; and regulate blood glucose and lipids. Because of structural differences, both atractylenolide-I and atractylenolide-II have remarkable anti-cancer activities, and atractylenolide-I and atractylenolide-III have remarkable anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. We therefore recommend further clinical research on the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of atractylenolides, determine their therapeutic effects, alone or in combination. To investigate their ability to regulate blood glucose and lipid, as well as their anti-platelet, anti-osteoporosis, and antibacterial activities, both in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary. Atractylenolides are rapidly absorbed but slowly metabolized; thus, solubilization studies may not be necessary. However, due to the inhibitory effects of atractylenolides on metabolic enzymes, it is necessary to pay attention to the possible side effects of combining atractylenolides with other drugs, in clinical application. In short, atractylenolides have considerable medicinal value and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China.
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Lim H, Jeon H, Hong S, Kim JH. Catalytic approach to in vivo metabolism of atractylenolide III using biomimetic iron–porphyrin complexes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33048-33054. [PMID: 35493574 PMCID: PMC9042181 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo oxygenation of atractylenolide III during the metabolism and in situ oxidation mechanism by an iron–porphyrin iron(iv)-oxo porphyrin π-cation–radical complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Lim
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 04310, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 04310, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, 04310, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Yu Z, Chen Z, Li Q, Yang K, Huang Z, Wang W, Zhao S, Hu H. What dominates the changeable pharmacokinetics of natural sesquiterpene lactones and diterpene lactones: a review focusing on absorption and metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 53:122-140. [PMID: 33211987 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1853151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) and diterpene lactones (DTLs) are two groups of common phytochemicals with similar structures. It's frequently reported that both exhibit changeable pharmacokinetics (PK) in vivo, especially the unstable absorption and extensive metabolism. However, the recognition of their PK characteristics is still scattered. In this review, representative STLs (atractylenolides, alantolactone, costunolide, artemisinin, etc.) and DTLs (ginkgolides, andrographolide, diosbulbins, triptolide, etc.) as typical cases are discussed in detail. We show how the differences of treatment regimens and subjects alter the PK of STLs and DTLs, with emphasis on the effects from absorption and metabolism. These compounds tend to be quite permeable in intestinal epithelium, but gastrointestinal pH and efflux transporters (represented by P-glycoprotein) have great impact and result in the unstable absorption. As the only characteristic functional moiety, the metabolic behavior of lactone ring is not dominant. The α, β-unsaturated lactone moiety has the strongest metabolic activity. While with the increase of low-activity saturated lactone moieties, the metabolism is led by other groups more easily. The phase I (oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis reaction) and II metabolism (conjugation reaction) are both extensive. CYP450s, mainly CYP3A4, are largely involved in biotransformation. However, only UGTs (UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT2B4 and UGT2B7) has been mentioned in studies about phase II metabolic enzymes. Our work offers a beneficial reference for promoting the safety evaluation and maximizing the utilization of STLs and DTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Bailly C. Atractylenolides, essential components of Atractylodes-based traditional herbal medicines: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173735. [PMID: 33220271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of the plant Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz is the major constituent of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Baizhu, frequently used to treat gastro-intestinal diseases. Many traditional medicine prescriptions based on Baizhu and the similar preparation Cangzhu are used in China, Korea and Japan as Qi-booster. These preparations contain atractylenolides, a small group of sesquiterpenoids endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Atractylenolides I, II and III also display significant anticancer properties, reviewed here. The capacity of AT-I/II/IIII to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell death have been analyzed, together with their effects of angiogenesis, metastasis, cell differentiation and stemness. The immune-modulatory properties of ATs are discussed. AT-I has been tested clinically for the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia with encouraging results. ATs, alone or combined with cytotoxic drugs, could be useful to treat cancers or to reduce side effects of radio and chemotherapy. Several signaling pathways have been implicated in their multi-targeted mechanisms of action, in particular those involving the central regulators TLR4, NFκB and Nrf2. A drug-induced reduction of inflammatory cytokines production (TNFα, IL-6) also characterizes these molecules which are generally weakly cytotoxic and well tolerated in vivo. Inhibition of Janus kinases (notably JAK2 and JAK3 targeted by AT-I and AT-III, respectively) has been postulated. Information about their metabolism and toxicity are limited but the long-established traditional use of the Atractylodes and the diversity of anticancer effects reported with AT-I and AT-III should encourage further studies with these molecules and structurally related natural products.
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Zhao S, Li P, Wen X, Yang J. Study on the hepatobiliary behavior of Ermiao wan formula by microdialysis- LC-qTOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113419. [PMID: 32599487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An improved bile microdialysis sampling technique was established and coupled with liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) analysis. This method was successfully applied to investigate the metabolic profiles of Ermiao wan (EMW) formula in the bile of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Based on accurate mass information and fragment patterns, 23 alkaloids and lactones metabolites were tentatively identified. Their metabolic pathway involved in glucuronidation, sulfation, hydroxylation and hydrolysis. Because of the high time resolution of microdialysis, the metabolic profiles of EMW were also investigated. Jatrorrhizine, columbamine and other components showed a "double-peak" profiles, suggesting the existence of enterohepatic circulation. The developed microdialysis sampling/ LC-qTOF-MS method provides a simple and efficient research tool for understanding and clarifying the mechanism of hepatobiliary excretion of complex components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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11
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Yang L, Li A, Chen M, Yan Y, Liu Y, Li K, Jia J, Qin X. Comprehensive investigation of mechanism and effective ingredients of Fangji Huangqi Tang by serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4785. [PMID: 31863670 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fangji Huangqi Tang (FHT), has been reported to show effects on nephrotic syndrome, but its mechanism of action and bioactive components have not yet been determined. In this study, a method using UPLC-HRMS/MS was established for the detection and identification of the chemical constituents and metabolites absorbed into the blood. Absorbed components in serum were then used for the network pharmacology analysis to deduce the mechanism and effective components. A total of 86 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Based on the same instrumental conditions, 85 compounds were found in rat serum after oral administration of FHT, including 22 prototypes and 63 metabolites. Network pharmacology analysis showed that absorbed components, such as (3R)-2',3',4',7-tetrahydroxyisoflavan, astrapterocarpan, cycloastragenol, 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan, astragaloside IV, astrapterocarpan glucoside and glycyrrhetinic acid, could be responsible for the pharmacological activity of nephrotic syndrome by regulating the VEGF signaling pathway, focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the pathway-target network showed that the MAPK1, AKT2 and CDC42 were involved in the signal pathways above. This study provides a scientific basis for the mechanism and effective ingredients of FHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- Scientific Instrument Center of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Luo K, Xing Y. Metabolic profile analysis of Zhi-zi-chi decoction in feces of normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rats based on UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and multiple analytical strategies. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40037-40050. [PMID: 35541428 PMCID: PMC9076205 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zhi-zi-chi decoction (ZZCD) has been verified by clinical application that it has definite curative effects and low side effects on depression. Because it is administered orally, the metabolites of ZZCD in the intestinal tract may influence the curative effects significantly. In this study, UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used in combination with untargeted metabolomics-driven strategy, series product ion filtering and diagnostic fragment ion strategy for acquiring the comprehensive metabolic profile of ZZCD in feces of normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression rats after oral administration, while the rat depression model was evaluated by behavior tests and plasma biochemical indices. Finally, a total of 56 compounds, including 35 prototype compounds and 21 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized in fecal samples. Among these, ten compounds were sieved as potential chemical markers that would reflect the antidepressant effect of ZZCD, which may offer important information for quality assessment, pharmacokinetic study and clinical security. In conclusion, the metabolic profile of ZZCD in normal and CUMS-induced depression rats would be helpful for the further study of anti-depression material basis and mechanism. A total of 56 compounds from ZZCD were identified in feces of normal and depression rats. Then ten compounds were sieved as potential chemical markers that would reflect the antidepressant effect of ZZCD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Bengbu Medical University
- Bengbu
- China
| | - Yadong Xing
- School of Pharmacy
- Bengbu Medical University
- Bengbu
- China
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