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Muhire J, Sun X, Zhang FX, Huang XY, Di DL. Recent trends in multidimensional countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300768. [PMID: 38356228 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a potent separation approach known for its remarkable efficiency and capacity in preparation. It's applied as a substitute or combined with different chromatographic techniques, resulting in its rebranding as multidimensional CCC (MDCCC). Numerous essential mixtures from natural products contain hundreds or thousands of distinct components of importance. These mix types are too complicated to separate in any reasonable time using a single CCC dimension. However, if a multidimensional technique is utilized, where a complex mixture is separated by an initial dimension, smaller fractions of that separation are gathered. Each fraction is studied individually; complex mixes can be resolved relatively quickly. Thus, several MDCCC separation features have been studied to demonstrate their advantages, limitations, and prospective capacity to separate exceedingly complex mixtures. In this review, MDCCC aspects, including principles, multiple columns system, multilayer coil J-type, on-line monitoring system, and applications, have been thoroughly_explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Muhire
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duo-Long Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yeram PB, Kulkarni YA. Glycosides and Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200067. [PMID: 36181446 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is linked with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. Nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are important microvascular complications of diabetes. Different types of secondary metabolites including glycosides have been studied for their effects in diabetic complications. Various glycosides such as flavanoid glycosides and saponin glycosides are reported for their beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy by action on various pathways involved in the progression of these complications. Coumarin glycosides and cryanogenic glycosides have been studied for their effective role in diabetic nephropathy. Phenolic glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides also have beneficial role in diabetic neuropathy. The present review focuses on various classes of glycosides and their role in the prevention and treatment of vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranali B Yeram
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400 056, India
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Huang L, Zhu Y, Peng T, Qiu J, Rao Q, Song J, Xiao S, Li Y, Tang L. Drying methods and structure-activity relationships of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in Idesia polycarpa Maxim. Leaves. Food Funct 2021; 12:1651-1661. [PMID: 33496307 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01813a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Idesia polycarpa Maxim. leaves are an excellent source of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and have drawn special attention due to their various biological activities. However, the effects of post-harvest treatment on the structure-activity relationships of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in leaves of I. polycarpa are still unknown. In the current study, we compared the contents of unstable compounds in leaves with four drying methods, namely sun-drying, freeze-drying, shade-drying, and oven-drying. We found that the four hydroxycinnamic acid derivative isomers of leaves were significantly affected after drying processing with four different drying methods. Consequently, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the variation of these compounds during the drying processes have been well elucidated: UV lighting induced the isomerization of 1-[(6'-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol (1) and 1-[(4'-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol (3) into 1-[(6'-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol (2) and 1-[(4'-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol (4). Also, heat (exceeding 20 °C) led to the rearrangement of the (E/Z)-p-coumaric acid moiety of compounds 3 and 4, of which the 4-O-acylglucoses changed into the 6-O-acylglucoses to generate compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Interestingly, the hepatocyte-free fatty acid accumulation in OA-induced steatosis-conditioned HepG2 cells decreased by 65.00%, 10.69%, and 47.00%, respectively, following treatment with compounds 2, 3 and 4, and compound 1 presented no lipid-lowering activity. In addition, the bioactivities of compounds 2 and 4 were substantially enhanced by 58.42% and 25.33% with the sun-drying method compared to the freeze-dying methods. Our study suggests that sun-drying processing is the best method among the four drying processing methods of I. polycarpa Maxim. leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China and Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Tong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianfei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Jingrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Shiji Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China. and Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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